(dose AND vaccine efficacy) OR (dose AND vaccine probability)
5381 results
1. Safety, tolerability and efficacy of intradermal rabies immunization with DebioJect™.
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- Antigen DOSEs for both intradermal routes were 1/5 of the DOSE for IM
2. Potent immune responses induced by a salmonella ghost delivery system that expresses the recombinant stx2eb, fedf, and feda proteins of the escherichia coli-producing f18 and shiga toxin in a murine model and evaluation of its protective effect as a porcine vaccine candidate.
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- Subsequently, the immunized mice showed significant protection efficacy against a lethal DOSE 50 of a virulent strain, resulting in approximately 85% and 92% survival rates in mice with a single- and double-DOSE immunization, respectively compared to only 40% of the non-immunized controls
3. Results of a Phase Ib Trial of Combination Immunotherapy with a CD8+ T Cell Eliciting Vaccine and Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer Patients.
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- This study was designed as a DOSE-escalation trial enrolling clinically disease-free, human leukocyte antigen A2+ or A3+ , human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer patients
- There were no DOSE-limiting or grade 3-5 local or systemic toxicities, and the median LVEF was unchanged from baseline after vaccination
- Based on safety and immunologic data, the appropriate DOSE was determined to be 1000 μg of GP2 + 250 μg of GM-CSF
4. Protective immunity of grass carp induced by DNA vaccine encoding capsid protein gene (vp7) of grass carp reovirus using bacterial ghost as delivery vehicles.
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- The immune responses and disease resistance of grass carp were assessed in different groups, and results indicated that the antibody levels, serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and immune-related genes were significantly enhanced in fish immunized with DH5α-BG/pcDNA-vp7 vaccine (DNA DOSE ranged from 2.5 to 5 μg)
- In addition, the relative percentage survival were significantly enhanced in fish immunized with DH5α-BG/pcDNA-vp7 vaccine and the relative percentage survival reached to 90% in DH5α-BG/pcDNA-vp7 group than that of naked pcDNA-vp7 (42.22%) at the highest DNA DOSE (5 μg) after 14 days of post infection
5. A Single Dose Recombinant PIV5 Expressing Respiratory Syncytial Virus F and G Proteins Protected Cotton Rats and African Green Monkeys from RSV Challenge.
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- In cotton rats, the vaccines elicited RSV F or G specific serum antibodies, and conferred complete lung protection against RSV challenge at DOSEs as low as 10(3) plaque forming units (PFU)
- PIV5/F provided near complete protection against RSV infection in the upper and lower respiratory tracts at a DOSE of 10(6) PFU of vaccine
- At the same DOSE levels, PIV5/G was less efficacious
- In both species, a single DOSE of intranasal immunization with PIV5 vectored vaccines was able to produce systemic and local immunities, and protect animals from RSV challenge
6. Receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV with optimal immunogen dosage and immunization interval protects human transgenic mice from MERS-CoV infection.
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- Compared with one DOSE and 2 DOSEs at 1-, 2-, and 3-week intervals, a regimen of 2 DOSEs of this protein separated by an interval of 4 weeks induced the strongest antibody response and neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV infection, and maintained at a high level during the detection period
7. Glycyrrhiza uralensis water extract enhances dendritic cell maturation and antitumor efficacy of HPV dendritic cell-based vaccine.
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- We observed that GUWE DOSE-dependently promoted DC maturation and cytokine secretion through TLR4 signaling pathway
8. Alum adjuvanted rabies DNA vaccine confers 80% protection against lethal 50 LD50 rabies challenge virus standard strain.
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- The vaccine showed no observable toxicity at the site of injection as well as at systemic level in Wistar rats when administered with 10X recommended DOSE
9. Phase 1 study of OCV-C02, a peptide vaccine consisting of two peptide epitopes for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.
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- The primary endpoint was any occurrence of DOSE limiting toxicity (DLT) during Cycle 1
10. Co-administration of recombinant major envelope proteins (rA27L and rH3L) of buffalopox virus provides enhanced immunogenicity and protective efficacy in animal models.
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- A combined recombinant subunit vaccine comprising rA27L and rH3L antigens (10 μg of each) was used for active immunization of adult mice (20μg/DOSE/mice) with or without adjuvant (FCA/FIA) by intramuscular route
11. A Neonatal Murine Model of Coxsackievirus A6 Infection for Evaluation of Antiviral and Vaccine Efficacy.
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- Neonatal mice were susceptible to CVA6 infection via intramuscular inoculation and the susceptibility of mice to CVA6 infection was age- and DOSE-dependent
12. Predictors of correct technique in patients using pressurized metered dose inhalers.
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- The objective of the study is to determine real life predictors of correct pressurized metered DOSE inhaler (pMDI) technique in Asthma and COPD patients
13. Exploiting virus-like particles as innovative vaccines against emerging viral infections.
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- Vaccination remains an effective tool to reduce this threat, and yet, the conventional cell culture often fails to produce sufficient vaccine DOSE
14. Adenovirus serotype 5 vaccine vectors trigger IL-27-dependent inhibitory CD4(+) T cell responses that impair CD8(+) T cell function.
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- Here we demonstrate that, following immunization of B6 mice, Ad5 vectors elicit antigen-specific IL-10(+)CD4(+) T cells with a distinct transcriptional profile in a DOSE-dependent fashion
15. Efficacy of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine against the 2010 isolate of Vietnamese highly pathogenic PRRSV challenge in pigs.
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- Twenty-five 4-week-old SPF pigs were divided into three groups as follows: pigs vaccinated with a single DOSE of the vaccine (Group 1, n=10), unvaccinated pigs (Group 2, n=10) and unvaccinated and non-infectious control pigs (Group 3, n=5)
- Four weeks later, Groups 1 and 2 were challenged with a 1 ml inoculum containing 1 × 10(5.5) 50% tissue culture infectious DOSE (TCID50)/ml of a Vietnamese HP-PRRS virus isolated in 2010 via the intranasal route
16. Safety, immunogenicity, and preliminary clinical efficacy of a vaccine against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection: a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1b trial.
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- Between Jan 20, 2014, and Aug 27, 2014, 93 women received target-DOSE ExPEC4V and 95 received placebo
- Overall, 56 (60%) target-DOSE vaccines and 47 (49%) placebo recipients experienced at least one adverse event that was possibly, probably, or certainly related to injection
17. Attenuated PfSPZ Vaccine induces strain-transcending T cells and durable protection against heterologous controlled human malaria infection.
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- Here, we conducted an open-label trial with PfSPZ Vaccine at a DOSE of 9.0 × 10(5) PfSPZ administered i.v
- Ongoing studies will determine whether protective efficacy can be enhanced by additional alterations in the vaccine DOSE and number of immunizations.
18. Safety and efficacy of PfSPZ Vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum via direct venous inoculation in healthy malaria-exposed adults in Mali: a randomised, double-blind phase 1 trial.
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- After an open-label DOSE-escalation study in a pilot safety cohort, we did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial based in Donéguébougou and surrounding villages in Mali
- We recruited 18-35-year-old healthy adults who were randomly assigned (1:1) in a double-blind manner, with stratification by village and block randomisation, to receive either five DOSEs of 2·7 × 10(5) PfSPZ or normal saline at days 0, 28, 56, 84, and 140 during the dry season (January to July inclusive)
- Participants received combined artemether and lumefantrine (four tablets, each containing 20 mg artemether and 120 mg lumefantrine, given twice per day over 3 days for a total of six DOSEs) to eliminate P falciparum before the first and last vaccinations
- The safety analysis included all participants who received at least one DOSE of investigational product, whereas the efficacy analyses included only participants who received all five vaccinations
19. [Adult immunisation: General points, hot topics and perspectives].
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- In addition, from the age of 65, annual influenza vaccination as well as one DOSE of a live attenuated shingles vaccine between 64 and 75 years are recommended
20. Protective antibodies against Clostridium difficile are present in intravenous immunoglobulin and are retained in humans following its administration.
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- Contradictory results may be attributed to a lack of consensus regarding optimal DOSE, timing of administration and patient selection as well as variability in specific antibody content between commercial preparations
21. Plant-based vaccines for oral delivery of type 1 diabetes-related autoantigens: Evaluating oral tolerance mechanisms and disease prevention in NOD mice.
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- Early preclinical experiments using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model reported mucosal administration of T1D-related autoantigens [proinsulin or glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD)] delayed T1D onset, but published data are conflicting regarding DOSE, treatment duration, requirement for combinatorial agents, and extent of efficacy
- We used transplastomic plants expressing proinsulin and GAD to protect the autoantigens from degradation in an oral vaccine and tested the optimal combination, DOSE, and treatment duration for the prevention of T1D in NOD mice
22. The Potential Cost Effectiveness of Different Dengue Vaccination Programmes in Malaysia: A Value-Based Pricing Assessment Using Dynamic Transmission Mathematical Modelling.
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- Six vaccination programmes employing a three-DOSE schedule were identified as the most likely programmes to be implemented
23. A retrospective study of hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission prevention and postvaccination serological test results of infants at risk of perinatal transmission in two counties of middle China.
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- All infants received three DOSEs of the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) and the postvaccination serological test (PVST) showed that the appropriate interval for PVST may be 1-8 months after the final HepB DOSE
- Multivariable analysis showed that infants without a timely first and second DOSE of the HepB, with an HBeAg-positive mother and mothers who had not received hepatitis B immune globulin during pregnancy were implicated in MTCT
- The first is to optimize the screening method for the mother to allow HBeAg and HBsAg-positive mothers to receive medical treatment during pregnancy and a timely birth DOSE of the vaccine to all infants
- Second, all infants with an HBsAg-positive mother should be tested for anti-HBs and HBsAg at 7-14 months old and any anti-HBs-nonresponse infants should receive an additional three DOSEsof the vaccine.
24. Sterile protection against human malaria by chemoattenuated PfSPZ vaccine.
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- Three DOSEs of 5.12 × 10(4) PfSPZ of PfSPZ Challenge at 28-day intervals were well tolerated and safe, and prevented infection in 9 out of 9 (100%) volunteers who underwent controlled human malaria infection ten weeks after the last DOSE (group III)
- Protective efficacy was dependent on DOSE and regimen
- Three DOSEs of 5.12 × 10(4) PfSPZ at five-day intervals protected 5 out of 8 (63%) volunteers
- PfSPZ-CVac is a highly efficacious vaccine candidate; when we are able to optimize the immunization regimen (DOSE, interval between DOSEs, and drug partner), this vaccine could be used for combination mass drug administration and a mass vaccination program approach to eliminate malaria from geographically defined areas.
25. Bactericidal activity of sera from adolescents vaccinated with bivalent rLP2086 against meningococcal serogroup B outbreak strains from France.
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- RRs increased for all isolates after each vaccine DOSE
- After two DOSEs, RRs ranged from 40% to 93%
- After DOSE 3, RRs were ⩾73% for all isolates (range, 73%-100%)
26. Transgenic papaya: a useful platform for oral vaccines.
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- The previously demonstrated protective immunogenic efficacy of S3Pvac-papaya orally administered to mice is herein confirmed in a wider DOSE-range and formulated with different delivery vehicles, adequate for oral vaccination
- A significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte proliferation was induced in vitro by each vaccine peptide in mice immunized with the lowest DOSE of S3Pvac papaya (0.56 ng of the three peptides in 0.1 µg of papaya callus total protein per mouse)
- In pigs, the obliged intermediate host for Taenia solium, S3Pvac papaya was also immunogenic when orally administered in a two-log DOSE range
27. A randomized phase II trial of personalized peptide vaccine with low dose cyclophosphamide in biliary tract cancer.
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- In the current study, we conducted an open-label randomized phase II study to test whether low DOSE cyclophosphamide (CPA) could improve antigen-specific immune responses and clinical efficacy of personalized peptide vaccination (PPV) in 49 previously treated aBTC patients
- Patients with aBTC refractory to at least one regimen of chemotherapies were randomly assigned to receive PPV with low DOSE CPA (100 mg/ day for 7 days before vaccination) (PPV/CPA, n=24) or PPV alone (n=25)
- These results suggested that combined treatment with low DOSE CPA could provide clinical benefits in aBTC patients under PPV, possibly through prevention of IL-6-mediated immune suppression
28. Evaluation of recombinant protein superoxide dismutase of Haemophilus parasuis strain SH0165 as vaccine candidate in a mouse model.
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- parasuis subunit vaccine SOD and determined the protective efficacy of SOD using a lethal DOSE challenge against H
- The results demonstrated that SOD could induce a strong humoral immune response in mice and provide significant immunoprotection efficacy against a lethal DOSE of H
- This is the first report that immunization of mice with SOD protein could provide protective effect against a lethal DOSE of H
29. The Effect of Oral Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG on the Development of Tuberculosis in Captive European Badgers (Meles meles).
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- To reduce the cost of an oral vaccine and reduce the potential for environmental contamination with BCG, it is necessary to define the minimal efficacious DOSE of oral BCG for badgers
- The objectives of the two studies reported here were to compare the efficacy of BCG Danish strain in a lipid matrix with unformulated BCG given orally, and to evaluate the efficacy of BCG Danish in a lipid matrix at a 10-fold lower DOSE than previously evaluated in badgers
- In the second study, vaccination with BCG in the lipid matrix at a 10-fold lower DOSE produced a similar outcome, but with greater intra-group variability than seen with the higher DOSE in the first study
- Further research is needed before we are able to recommend a final DOSE of BCG for oral vaccination of badgers against TB or to know whether oral vaccination of wild badgers with BCG will significantly reduce transmission of the disease.
30. Exploratory efficacy endpoints in the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Immunization Trial in Adults (CAPiTA).
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- This was a parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial comparing single-DOSE PCV13 with placebo
31. PaxVax CVD 103-HgR single-dose live oral cholera vaccine.
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- Oral vaccines containing inactivated Vibrio cholerae and requiring two DOSEs are available in some countries
- Areas covered: Enduring protection following wild-type cholera provided the rationale to develop a single-DOSE live oral vaccine
- Since 90% vaccine efficacy is evident 10 days post-ingestion of a single DOSE, CVD 103-HgR can rapidly protect travelers
- Expert commentary: Next steps include evaluations in children, post-licensure safety and effectiveness monitoring, diminishing cold chain constraints, optimizing a 'high-DOSE' formulation for developing countries, and diminishing/eliminating the need for water to administer a DOSE.
32. Development of a single-dose recombinant CAMP factor entrapping poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres-based vaccine against Streptococcus agalactiae.
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- The aims of the present study were to: (1) develop a single-DOSE vaccine against S
- The CAMP factor was tested to determine a safe DOSE range and then encapsulated in MS of PLGA (50:50) to assess its release pattern in vitro and immune reaction in vivo
- Furthermore, the slow-release kinetics of PLGA MS warranted optimism for development of a single-DOSE vaccine.
33. Rational design and efficacy of a multi-epitope recombinant protein vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A in pigs.
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- A vaccine potency test showed that the CpG-adjuvanted A8 vaccine contained a 10.81 protective DOSE 50% (PD50) per DOSE for pigs, suggesting the potential for this vaccine to be used in emergency vaccination campaigns for the prevention of FMDV serotype A infection in pigs.
34. Efficacy assessment of an inactivated Tembusu virus vaccine candidate in ducks.
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- Two DOSEs of vaccine provided efficient protection against the virus challenge to avoid the egg production drop in laying ducks
- An ELISA demonstrated that 97% (39/40) of ducks seroconverted on day 21 after one DOSE of the inactivated vaccine and that significant increases in antibody titers against the virus were induced after the second immunization
- For table ducks, a single DOSE of vaccine immunization resulted in a protection index of 87% and significant reduction of viral loads in tissues
35. A randomized placebo-controlled phase II study of a Pseudomonas vaccine in ventilated ICU patients.
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- In the absence of any difference in immune response following administration of 100 μg IC43 without adjuvant compared with 200 μg IC43 with adjuvant, the 100 μg DOSE without adjuvant was considered for further testing of its possible benefit of improved outcomes
36. Safety and immunogenicity of GamEvac-Combi, a heterologous VSV- and Ad5-vectored Ebola vaccine: An open phase I/II trial in healthy adults in Russia.
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- In this open-label, DOSE-escalation clinical trial, we assessed the safety, side effects, and immunogenicity of a novel, heterologous prime-boost vaccine against Ebola, which was administered in 2 DOSEs to 84 healthy adults of both sexes between 18 and 55 years
- Antigen-specific IgG geometric mean titer at day 42 was 3,277 (95 % confidence interval 2,401-4,473) in volunteers immunized at full DOSE
- Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 93.1 % of volunteers immunized at full DOSE, with geometric mean titer 20
- Antigen-specific response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was also detected in 100 % of participants, as well as in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in 82.8 % and 58.6 % of participants vaccinated at full DOSE, respectively
37. Recombinant Isfahan virus and vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine vectors provide durable, multivalent, single dose protection against lethal alphavirus challenge.
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- A single DOSE of the rISFV vaccine vectors elicited neutralizing antibody responses and protected mice from lethal VEEV and EEEV challenge at one month post-vaccination as well as lethal VEEV challenge at eight months post-vaccination
- A mixture of rISFV vectors expressing VEEV and EEEV E2/E1 glycoproteins also provided durable, single-DOSE protection from lethal VEEV and EEEV challenge, demonstrating the potential for a multivalent vaccine formulation
38. Targeting Vaccine-induced Extrafollicular Pathway of B cell Differentiation Improves Rabies Post-exposure Prophylaxis.
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- Collectively, strategies that manipulate pathways of B cell activation may facilitate the development of a single-DOSE RABV vaccine that replaces current complicated and costly RABV PEP
39. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A (OspA) vaccine: A meta-analysis.
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- Meta-analysis shows that, compared with low DOSE, high DOSE comes with a higher IgG titer with overall effect size of 6.39
- For the 30 µg DOSE, the geometric mean titer was 6918.31, which is statistically significant when compared with 0
40. Transcutaneous immunization of Streptococcus suis bacterin using dissolving microneedles.
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- In addition, single DOSE MN vaccination better protected mice against lethal challenge than IM vaccination
41. Ag85B synergizes with ESAT-6 to induce efficient and long-term immunity of C57BL/6 mice primed with recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guerin.
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- The latest probable scenario in vaccination strategies is to prime one live attenuated vaccine candidate followed by boost DOSE of second vaccine candidate
- In the present study, we primed the mice with a recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) comprising Ag85B and ESAT-6 followed by boost DOSEs of Ag85B, ESAT-6 and Ag85B-ESAT-6 fusion protein in the DDA adjuvant, separately
- After boost DOSEs of 8 and 12 weeks, the levels of antigen-stimulated T cells secreting interferon (IFN)-γ, the content of the IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-4 in the splenocytes in vitro culture supernatant, the antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G titer from mouse serum, IgG subclass and the population of antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were detected
- The present study showed that recombinant BCG along with boost DOSEs of Ag85B or ESAT-6 individually did not induce efficient T-helper (Th) 1-type immune response
- On the other hand, recombinant BCG with boost DOSEs of Ag85B-ESAT-6 fusion protein enhanced longer lasting predominant Th1 immune response
- Thus, the present study concluded recombinant BCG with boost DOSEs of Ag85B-ESAT-6 fusion protein could be a good strategy to improve the immune protective efficacy.
42. Monoclonal Antibodies to V2, V3, the CD4-binding site and gp41 HIV-1 Mediate Phagocytosis in a Dose-dependent Manner.
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43. Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases Caused by Common Respiratory Viruses among Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients: A Single Center Experience in Korea.
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- High-DOSE steroid usage (p=0.025), a severe state of immunodeficiency (p=0.033), and lymphopenia (p=0.006) were significantly associated with death within 30 days following CRV-LRD diagnosis in a univariate analysis
- Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high-DOSE steroid usage [odds ratio (OR), 4.05; 95% CI, 1.12-14.61; p=0.033] and lymphopenia (OR, 6.57; 95% CI, 1.80-24.03; p=0.004) were independent risk factors for mortality within 30 days of CRV-LRDs
- Therefore, the implement of an active diagnostic approaches for CRV infections is required for SCT recipients with respiratory symptoms, especially those receiving high-DOSE steroids or with lymphopenia.
44. Long-term evaluation of mucosal and systemic immunity and protection conferred by different polio booster vaccines.
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- Our results show that VP1-IgG1 titers in single or double DOSE IPV dropped to background levels after one year of immunization
- This decrease correlated with >50% reduction in seropositivity in double DOSE and <10% seropositivity in single DOSE IPV against serotype 1
- Single DOSE IPV offered no or minimal protection against serotype 1 and 2 but conferred protection against serotype 3
- VP1-IgA titers were negligible in IPV single or double DOSE vaccinated mice
45. The effect of gamma-irradiation conditions on the immunogenicity of whole-inactivated Influenza A virus vaccine.
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- Gamma-irradiation, particularly an irradiation DOSE of 50kGy, has been utilised widely to sterilise highly pathogenic agents such as Ebola, Marburg Virus, and Avian Influenza H5N1
- Considering the possible inclusion of highly pathogenic Influenza strains in future clinical development of γ-Flu, an irradiation DOSE of 50kGy may be used to enhance vaccine safety beyond the internationally accepted Sterility Assurance Level (SAL)
- Thus, we investigated the effect of irradiation conditions, including high irradiation DOSEs, on the immunogenicity of γ-Flu
- Considering that low temperature is expected to reduce the protein damage associated with exposure to high irradiation DOSEs, we titrated the vaccine DOSE to verify the efficacy of 50kGy γ-Flu
- Our data demonstrate that exposure to 50kGy on dry-ice is associated with limited effect on vaccine immunogenicity, apparent only when using very low vaccine DOSEs
46. An HSV-2 Trivalent Vaccine Is Immunogenic in Rhesus Macaques and Highly Efficacious in Guinea Pigs.
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- Animals were mock immunized, or immunized with gD2, the trivalent vaccine or the trivalent vaccine followed by a booster DOSE of gD2 (trivalent + gD2)
47. Protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria by PfSPZ Vaccine.
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- BACKGROUND: A radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoite (SPZ) malaria vaccine, PfSPZ Vaccine, protected 6 of 6 subjects (100%) against homologous Pf (same strain as in the vaccine) controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) 3 weeks after 5 DOSEs administered intravenously
- The next step was to assess protective efficacy against heterologous Pf (different from Pf in the vaccine), after fewer DOSEs, and at 24 weeks
- METHODS: The trial assessed tolerability, safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of direct venous inoculation (DVI) of 3 or 5 DOSEs of PfSPZ Vaccine in non-immune subjects
- RESULTS: Three weeks after final immunization, 5 DOSEs of 2.7 × 10(5) PfSPZ protected 12 of 13 recipients (92.3% [95% CI: 48.0, 99.8]) against homologous CHMI and 4 of 5 (80.0% [10.4, 99.5]) against heterologous CHMI; 3 DOSEs of 4.5 × 10(5) PfSPZ protected 13 of 15 (86.7% [35.9, 98.3]) against homologous CHMI
- Twenty-four weeks after final immunization, the 5-DOSE regimen protected 7 of 10 (70.0% [17.3, 93.3]) against homologous and 1 of 10 (10.0% [-35.8, 45.6]) against heterologous CHMI; the 3-DOSE regimen protected 8 of 14 (57.1% [21.5, 76.6]) against homologous CHMI
- A 3-DOSE regimen protected against both 3-week and 24-week homologous CHMI (87% and 57%, respectively) in this population
48. Overview of the benefits and potential issues of the nonavalent HPV vaccine.
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- Future adoption of 9vHPV will depend on factors including market price, cost-effectiveness data, use of a two-DOSE schedule, and safety and efficacy monitoring in real-life programs.
49. An Interleukin 12 Adjuvanted Herpes Simplex Virus 2 DNA Vaccine Is More Protective Than a Glycoprotein D Subunit Vaccine in a High-Dose Murine Challenge Model.
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- We demonstrate that delivery of DNA expressing full-length HSV-2 glycoprotein immunogens by electroporation with the adjuvant interleukin 12 (IL-12) generates substantially greater protection against a high-DOSE HSV-2 vaginal challenge than a recombinant gD subunit vaccine adjuvanted with alum and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL)
50. Probability of Transmission of Malaria from Mosquito to Human Is Regulated by Mosquito Parasite Density in Naïve and Vaccinated Hosts.
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- Here we analyse >1000 experimental infections of humans and mice and demonstrate a DOSE-dependency for probability of infection and the length of the host pre-patent period
- A similar DOSE response for the probability of infection was seen for humans given a pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate targeting circumsporozoite protein (CSP), and in mice with and without transfusion of anti-CSP antibodies
51. A New Vaccine Delivery Vehicle and Adjuvant Candidate: Bordetella Pertussis Inactivated Whole Cells Entrapped in Alginate Microspheres.
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- The inactivated bacterial suspension mixture prepared in this work was nontoxic and showed potent ED50 (1:333 of human DOSE) and preserved agglutinins 1, 2, 3
52. Long-term effectiveness of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine 22-28 years after immunization in a hepatitis B virus endemic rural area: is an adult booster dose needed?
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- Overall the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in all participants was 3·79%; 3·47% of subjects who had received the first DOSE within 24 h were HBsAg positive, and 8·41% of subjects who had received a delayed first DOSE were also HBsAg positive
- There were 1527 subjects identified who had received the first DOSE within 24 h and whose HBsAg and anti-HBc prevalence increased yearly after immunization, while the anti-HBs-positive rate and vaccine effectiveness declined
- To reduce the risk of HBV infection in this highly endemic area, a booster DOSE might be necessary if anti-HBs levels fall below 10 mIU/ml after age 18 years
53. A novel vaccinological evaluation of intranasal vaccine and adjuvant safety for preclinical tests.
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- Expression of these genes increased DOSE-dependent manner when mice were intranasally administered the toxicity reference vaccine
- When the adjuvant CpG K3 or a CpG-K3-combined influenza vaccine was administered intranasally, marker gene expression increased in a CpG-K3-DOSE-dependent way
- We believe that the marker genes expression analyses will be useful in preclinical testing, adjuvant development, and selecting the appropriate DOSE of adjuvant in nasal administration vaccines.
54. Attenuated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae double-deletion mutant S-8∆clpP/apxIIC confers protection against homologous or heterologous strain challenge.
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- The S-8△clpP△apxIIC mutant exhibited attenuated virulence in a murine (BALB/c) model, and caused no detrimental effects on pigs even at a DOSE of up to 1.0 × 10(9) CFU
55. Rotavirus Specific Maternal Antibodies and Immune Response to RV3-BB Neonatal Rotavirus Vaccine in New Zealand.
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- This study aimed to investigate the effect of rotavirus specific maternal antibodies on the serum IgA response or stool excretion of vaccine virus after any DOSE of an oral rotavirus vaccine, RV3-BB, in parallel to a Phase IIa clinical trial conducted at Dunedin Hospital, New Zealand
- Infants were randomised to receive the first DOSE of vaccine at 0-5 days (neonatal schedule) or 8 weeks (infant schedule)
- The relationship between rotavirus specific IgG and SNA levels in cord blood and IgA in colostrum and breast milk at the time of first active DOSE of RV3-BB vaccine and level of IgA response and stool excretion after three DOSEs of vaccine was assessed using linear and logistic regression
- Results Forty infants received 3 DOSEs of RV3-BB rotavirus vaccine and were included in the analysis of the neonatal and infant groups
- There was little evidence of an association between IgA in colostrum or breast milk IgA at 4 weeks, or between cord IgG or SNA level, and IgA response or stool excretion after three DOSEs of RV3-BB, or after one DOSE (neonatal schedule) (all p>0.05)
- Conclusions The level of IgA in colostrum or breast milk and level of placental IgG and SNA did not impact on the serum IgA response or stool excretion following three DOSEs of RV3-BB Rotavirus Vaccine administered using either a neonatal or infant schedule in New Zealand infants.
56. Immunogenicity and safety of purified vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) produced by Liaoning Cheng Da Co. under Zagreb 2-1-1 or 5-dose Essen regimen in Chinese adults aged 50 and above.
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57. Public health action following an outbreak of toxigenic cutaneous diphtheria in an Auckland refugee resettlement centre.
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- Chemoprophylaxis was administered (1 DOSE of intramuscular benzathine penicillin or 10 days of oral erythromycin) and diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine offered regardless of immunisation status
58. Outer membrane vesicles harboring modified lipid A moiety augment the efficacy of an influenza vaccine exhibiting reduced endotoxicity in a mouse model.
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- Notably, the mice co-immunized with fmOMV showed a significantly higher protection rate against challenge with a lethal DOSE of homologous or heterologous influenza viruses without adverse effects
59. Fusion of the dendritic cell-targeting chemokine MIP3α to melanoma antigen Gp100 in a therapeutic DNA vaccine significantly enhances immunogenicity and survival in a mouse melanoma model.
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- The B16F10 melanoma syngeneic mouse model system was utilized, with a standard therapeutic protocol: challenge with lethal DOSE of B16F10 cells (5 × 10(4)) on day 0 and then vaccinate by intramuscular electroporation with 50 μg plasmid on days three, 10, and 17
60. Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ça Suffit!).
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- We assessed the efficacy of a single intramuscular DOSE of rVSV-ZEBOV (2×10(7) plaque-forming units administered in the deltoid muscle) in the prevention of laboratory confirmed Ebola virus disease
61. A novel "in-feed" delivery platform applied for oral DNA vaccination against IPNV enables high protection in Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar).
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- The oral vaccine induced detectable levels of VP2-specific antibodies and conferred significant protection following IPNV challenge, with relative percent survivals (RPS) of 58.2%, for single DOSE (1mgpDNA/kgfish⋅d), and 66% for double DOSE (2mgpDNA/kgfish⋅d)
62. An Intranasal Proteosome-Adjuvanted Trivalent Influenza Vaccine Is Safe, Immunogenic & Efficacious in the Human Viral Influenza Challenge Model. Serum IgG & Mucosal IgA Are Important Correlates of Protection against Illness Associated with Infection.
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- In two separate studies using the human viral challenge model, subjects were selected to be immunologically naive to A/Panama/2007/1999 (H3N2) virus and then DOSEd via nasal spray with one of three regimens of P-TIV or placebo
- One or two DOSEs, 15 μg or 30 μg, were given either once only or twice 14 days apart (1 x 30 μg, 2 x 30 μg, 2 x 15 μg) and subjects were challenged with A/Panama/2007/1999 (H3N2) virus
- The greatest relative rise in sIgA, following vaccination but prior to challenge, was observed in groups that received 2 DOSEs
- The two DOSE regimen was found to be superior to the single DOSE regimen
63. [Evaluation of the pharmacoeconomic efficacy of prestance in the treatment of hypertensive patients on the basis of the results of the POTENTIAL program].
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- To pharmacoeconomically estimate the use of a fixed-DOSE combination of perindopril and amlodipine in the treatment of hypertensive patients
- A pharmacoeconomic study was conducted on the basis of the Russian postmarketing observational open program POTENTIAL, which included the estimation of direct and indirect costs associated with the addition of a fixed-DOSE combination of perindopril and amlodipine to conventional therapy for hypertension in patients who had not achieved adequate blood pressure (BP) control
64. A Single Vaccination of Nonhuman Primates with Highly Attenuated Smallpox Vaccine, LC16m8, Provides Long-term Protection against Monkeypox.
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- The results demonstrate that the vaccination of monkeys with a single DOSE of LC16m8 provided durable protection against MPXV for longer than 1 year after immunization
65. Development of Streptococcus agalactiae vaccines for tilapia.
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- Other factors, such as immunization duration and number, fish size and challenge DOSE, also influenced the vaccine efficacy.
66. Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in Chinese women aged 18-25 years: event-triggered analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
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- We previously reported the results of a phase II/III, double-blind, randomized controlled study in Chinese women (NCT00779766) showing a 94.2% (95% confidence interval: 62.7-99.9) HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine efficacy (VE) against cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 or higher (CIN1+) and/or 6-month (M) persistent infection (PI) with a mean follow-up of <2 years, and immunogenicity until 7 months post-DOSE 1
- Healthy 18-25-year-old women (N = 6051) were randomized (1:1) to receive three DOSEs of HPV-16/18 vaccine or Al(OH)3 (control) at M0, 1, 6
67. Protection of Penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome by continuous oral administration of a low concentration of Bacillus subtilis spores expressing the VP28 antigen.
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- These data suggest that supplementation of CotB-VP28 spores at low DOSE of ≥1 × 10(6) CFU per g could be effective as a prophylactic treatment of WSS for black tiger shrimps
- These data indicate that supplementation of CotB-VP28 spores at a low DOSE of ≥1 × 10(6) CFU per g could be effective in prophylaxis against white spot syndrome in black tiger shrimps.
68. Role of T3SS-1 SipD Protein in Protecting Mice against Non-typhoidal Salmonella Typhimurium.
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- Mice orally immunized with SipD alone or SipD combined with PrgI were protected against lethal intestinal challenge with Salmonella Typhimurium (100 Lethal DOSE 50%) depending on antigen, route and adjuvant
69. An Overview of Vaccination Strategies and Antigen Delivery Systems for Streptococcus agalactiae Vaccines in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
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- Despite this, indications are that the correlates of vaccine protection can be established based on antibody responses and antigen DOSE, although these parameters require optimization before they can become an integral part of routine vaccine production
70. Universal or Specific? A Modeling-Based Comparison of Broad-Spectrum Influenza Vaccines against Conventional, Strain-Matched Vaccines.
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- We find that, even when matched by per-DOSE efficacy, universal vaccines could dampen population-level transmission over several seasons to a greater extent than conventional vaccines
71. Preclinical study and clinical trial of a novel therapeutic vaccine against multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
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- By the toxicology test using monkeys, high DOSE GMP level vaccine/ monkey is administrated
72. Comparative evaluation of a newly developed 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in a mouse model.
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- Also, mice were challenged intraperitoneally with 100-fold of the 50% lethal DOSE of Streptococcus pneumoniae
73. Benefit of SLIT and SCIT for Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma.
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- In contrast to SCIT, SLIT was tested in very large clinical trials (need references), including hundreds of patients and with DOSE-ranging experimental designs, so that some products (tablets) for grass, mite, and ragweed were officially approved as commercial drugs by regulatory agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency and the optimal content for the maintenance DOSE was identified for selected allergens
74. Safety and immunogenicity of the tau vaccine AADvac1 in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.
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- They received three subcutaneous DOSEs of AADvac1 or placebo from masked vaccine kits at monthly intervals, and then entered the open-label phase, in which all patients were allocated to AADvac1 treatment and received another three DOSEs at monthly intervals
- We include all patients who received at least one DOSE of AADvac1 in the safety assessment
75. Temperature-Sensitive Live-Attenuated Canine Influenza Virus H3N8 Vaccine.
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- A single DOSE of H3N8 LACIV showed immunogenicity and protection against a homologous challenge that was better than that conferred with an H3N8 IIV, demonstrating the feasibility of implementing a LAIV approach for the improved control of H3N8 CIV infections in dogs.
76. Adjuvanting a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine with Toll-Like Receptor Ligands Encapsulated in Nanoparticles Induces Persistent Antibody Responses and Enhanced Protection in TRIM5α Restrictive Macaques.
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- NP-adjuvanted vaccines induced immune responses that were associated with enhanced protection against repeated low-DOSE, intravaginal challenges with heterologous SIVsmE660 in animals that carried TRIM5α restrictive alleles
- These responses were superior to those induced by alum adjuvant, and they resulted in enhanced protection against a low-DOSE intravaginal challenge with a heterologous strain of SIV in animals with TRIM5a restrictive alleles
77. Repurposing ospemifene for potentiating an antigen-specific immune response.
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- The effects of ospemifene (OSP) on the immune response to a peptide cancer vaccine (PV) were evaluated after chronic [control (n = 22); OSP 50 mg/kg (n = 16); PV (n = 6); OSP+PV (n = 11)], intermittent [control (n = 10); OSP 10 and 50 mg/kg (n = 11); PV (n = 11); combination treatment (n = 11 each DOSE)] and pretreatment [control; OSP 100 mg/kg; PV 100 μg; combination treatment (n = 8 all groups)] ospemifene oral dosing schedules in a total of 317 mixed-sex tumor-bearing and nontumor-bearing mice
- Taken together, ospemifene's DOSE response and schedule-dependent immune modulating activity offers a method of tailoring and augmenting the efficacy of previously failed antigen-specific cancer vaccines for a wide range of malignancies.
78. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a single-dose live non-pathogenic Escherichia coli oral vaccine against F4-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge in pigs.
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- The pigs were vaccinated via the drinking water with a single DOSE of the Coliprotec® F4 vaccine one day post-weaning
79. Immune protection duration and efficacy stability of DNA vaccine encoding Eimeria tenella TA4 and chicken IL-2 against coccidiosis.
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- In the present study, the immunization DOSE of the DNA vaccine pVAX1.0-TA4-IL-2 was further optimized
- With the optimized DOSE, the dynamics of antibodies induced by the DNA vaccine was determined using indirect ELISA
- The results showed that the optimal DOSE was 25μg
80. Active immunization with Brucella abortus S19 phage lysate elicits serum IgG that protects guinea pigs against virulent B. abortus and protects mice by passive immunization.
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- In this study, using a fixed DOSE (Two mouse PD100) of lysates, the prophylactic efficacies of both plain and alum gel adjuvanted lysates were evaluated in guinea pig by direct virulent challenge and passive mouse protection test (PMPT)
- Strong humoral and cell mediated immune responses in guinea pigs and protection comparable to S19 vaccine was observed with low DOSE (1.0 μg protein and 120 μg carbohydrate adsorbed on 0.1% aluminium gel)
81. The Long-Term Safety, Public Health Impact, and Cost-Effectiveness of Routine Vaccination with a Recombinant, Live-Attenuated Dengue Vaccine (Dengvaxia): A Model Comparison Study.
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- The default vaccination policy considered was routine vaccination of 9-y-old children in a three-DOSE schedule at 80% coverage
82. Effect of human rotavirus vaccine on severe diarrhea in African infants.
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- Healthy infants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive two DOSEs of vaccine (in addition to one DOSE of placebo) or three DOSEs of vaccine - the pooled vaccine group - or three DOSEs of placebo at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age
- A total of 4939 infants were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the three groups; 1647 infants received two DOSEs of the vaccine, 1651 infants received three DOSEs of the vaccine, and 1641 received placebo
83. A De-O-acylated Lipooligosaccharide-Based Adjuvant System Promotes Antibody and Th1-Type Immune Responses to H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Vaccine in Mice.
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- CIA06 significantly enhanced influenza-specific serum IgG, hemagglutination-inhibition, and virus-neutralizing antibody titers, which eliminated vaccine DOSE-dependency in the antibody response
- These data suggest that the dLOS-based adjuvant system CIA06 can be used to promote the immune responses to influenza vaccine or to spare antigen DOSE without causing harmful inflammatory responses.
84. Surface-assembled poly(I:C) on PEGylated PLGA microspheres as vaccine adjuvant: APC activation and bystander cell stimulation.
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- To address this aspect, we propose to minimize the poly(I:C) DOSE as well as to control the stimulation of non-immune bystander cells by poly(I:C)
- To facilitate the maturation of APCs with minimal poly(I:C) DOSEs, we surface-assembled poly(I:C) onto PLGA microspheres
85. Optimizing the Delivery of Antineoplastic Therapies to the Central Nervous System.
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- These include: 1) directly placing drugs inside the blood-brain barrier (polymeric implants, convection-enhanced delivery, and intraventricular administration), 2) modifying systemic chemotherapy (by using high-DOSE methotrexate and intra-arterial drug administration), 3) temporary disruption of the blood-brain barrier (via use of intra-arterial mannitol, focused ultrasound, or pharmacologic agents), and 4) designing drugs that can pass through the blood-brain barrier
86. Mini-intronic plasmid vaccination elicits tolerant LAG3(+) CD8(+) T cells and inferior antitumor responses.
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- Further, LAG3 expression on CD8(+) T cells was associated with antigen DOSE and persistence in spite of DNA-induced innate immunity
87. Mucosal vaccination with a live recombinant rhinovirus followed by intradermal DNA administration elicits potent and protective HIV-specific immune responses.
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- As a control, IN vaccination with wild type (wt)-HRV-A1 followed by a single ID DOSE of pVAX (wt-HRV-A1/pVAX vaccination) was included
- rHRV-DNA vaccination elicited superior multi-functional CD8(+)T cell responses in lymphocytes harvested from mesenteric lymph nodes and spleens, and higher titres of Tat-specific antibodies in blood and vaginal lavages, and reduced the viral load more effectively after challenge with EcoHIV, a murine HIV challenge model, in peritoneal macrophages, splenocytes and blood compared compared with wt-HRV-A1/pVAX vaccination or administration of 3 ID DOSEs of pVAX-Gag-Tat (3X pVAX-Gag-Tat vaccination)
88. Interim analysis of a phase I/IIa trial assessing E39+GM-CSF, a folate binding protein vaccine, to prevent recurrence in ovarian and endometrial cancer patients.
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- E39 was well-tolerated regardless of DOSE
- This phase I/IIa trial reveals that E39+GM-CSF is well-tolerated and elicits a strong, DOSE-dependent in vivo immune response
- Early efficacy results are promising in the 1000 mcg DOSE cohort
- This study proves the safety and establishes the DOSE of E39 for a larger prospective, randomized, controlled trial in HLA-A2+ EC and OC patients to prevent recurrence.
89. Safety and Immunogenicity of a rAd35-EnvA Prototype HIV-1 Vaccine in Combination with rAd5-EnvA in Healthy Adults (VRC 012).
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- First, five subjects each received a single injection of 109, 1010, or 1011 particle units (PU) of rAd35-EnvA in an open-label, DOSE-escalation study
- Antibody responses measured by ELISA were detected at 4 weeks in 30% and 50% of subjects after single DOSEs of 1010 or 1011 PU rAd35, respectively, and in 89% after a single rAd5-EnvA 1010 PU injection
- T cell responses were higher after a single rAd5-EnvA 1010 PU injection than after a single rAd35-EnvA 1010 PU injection, and humoral responses were low after a single DOSE of either vector
- ELISpot response magnitude was similar in both regimens and comparable to a single DOSE of rAd5
- Humoral response magnitude was also similar after either heterologous regimen, but was several fold higher than after a single DOSE of rAd5
- While it effectively primed and boosted antibody responses when given in a reciprocal prime-boost regimen with rAd5-EnvA using a three-month interval, it did not significantly improve the frequency or magnitude of T cell responses above a single DOSE of rAd5
90. Protection of mice against gastric colonization of Helicobacter pylori by therapeutic immunization with systemic whole cell inactivated vaccines.
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- The infection DOSE was determined to be 1 × 10(8) cells which resulted to be the optimal concentration to sustain infection for required time
- The IgG titer levels of high DOSE adjuvant vaccine of both strains were proportionate on the 7th and 14th day
- Subsequently on the 21st and 28th day SS1 high DOSE adjuvant revealed a higher titer value
91. The RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in children 5 to 17 months of age at first vaccination.
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- The World Health Organization recommended pilot implementation of the vaccine in children at least 5 months of age according to an initial 3-DOSE schedule given at least 1 month apart, and a 4th DOSE 15-18 months post-DOSE 3
- The highest impact was seen with 4 vaccine DOSEs in children aged 5 months or older
- The vaccine will be evaluated in real-life settings to further assess its impact on mortality, vaccine safety in the context of routine immunization, and programmatic feasibility of delivering a 4-DOSE vaccination schedule requiring new immunization contacts
92. Fractional dosing of yellow fever vaccine to extend supply: a modelling study.
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- The ongoing yellow fever epidemic in Angola strains the global vaccine supply, prompting WHO to adopt DOSE sparing for its vaccination campaign in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, in July-August, 2016
- Although a 5-fold fractional-DOSE vaccine is similar to standard-DOSE vaccine in safety and immunogenicity, efficacy is untested
- There is an urgent need to ensure the robustness of fractional-DOSE vaccination by elucidation of the conditions under which DOSE fractionation would reduce transmission
- With simple mathematical models of yellow fever transmission, we calculate the infection attack rate (the proportion of population infected over the course of an epidemic) with various levels of transmissibility and 5-fold fractional-DOSE vaccine efficacy for two vaccination scenarios, ie, random vaccination in a hypothetical population that is completely susceptible, and the Kinshasa vaccination campaign in July-August, 2016, with different age cutoff for fractional-DOSE vaccines
- The age cutoff for fractional-DOSE vaccines chosen by WHO for the Kinshasa vaccination campaign (2 years) provides the largest reduction in infection attack rate if the efficacy of 5-fold fractional-DOSE vaccines exceeds 20%
- DOSE fractionation is an effective strategy for reduction of the infection attack rate that would be robust with a large margin for error in case fractional-DOSE VE is lower than expected
93. Combination of probiotics and coccidiosis vaccine enhances protection against an Eimeria challenge.
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- prepared with the coccidiosis vaccine at 10× the vaccination DOSE
94. Skin Vaccination against Rotavirus Using Microneedles: Proof of Concept in Gnotobiotic Piglets.
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- We have been pursuing the development of an inactivated rotavirus vaccine (IRV) using the human rotavirus strain CDC-9 (G1P[8]) through parenteral immunization and previously demonstrated DOSE sparing and enhanced immunogenicity of intradermal (ID) unadjuvanted IRV using a coated microneedle patch in comparison with intramuscular (IM) administration in mice
- Three DOSEs of 5 μg IRV when administered intradermally and 5 μg IRV formulated with aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] when administered intramuscularly induced comparable rotavirus-specific antibody titers of IgA, IgG, IgG avidity index and neutralizing activity in sera of neonatal piglets
95. The economic promise of developing and implementing dengue vaccines: Evidence from a systematic review.
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- Eleven relevant studies were identified and there is economic evidence of a satisfactory quality level, derived through modelling approaches, to conclude that dengue fever vaccines will be economically advantageous when compared to vector preventive strategies, despite uncertainties surrounding vaccine efficacy and costs per vaccine DOSE
96. Safety of ASP0113, a cytomegalovirus DNA vaccine, in recipients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: an open-label phase 2 trial.
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- Ten patients aged 22-61 years were enrolled; nine received at least one DOSE of ASP0113
- Six patients received all five DOSEs of ASP0113 5 mg at intervals before and after HCT
97. Maternal Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces Vertical Cytomegalovirus Transmission But Does Not Reduce Breast Milk Cytomegalovirus Levels.
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- Specimens from a randomized trial conducted in Nairobi, Kenya between 2003-2005 were used to compare CMV transmission and breast milk levels between mother-infant pairs randomized to HAART versus short-course antenatal zidovudine plus single-DOSE nevirapine (ZDV/sdNVP) for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT)
98. Anti-PD-1 increases the clonality and activity of tumor infiltrating antigen specific T cells induced by a potent immune therapy consisting of vaccine and metronomic cyclophosphamide.
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- Tumor bearing mice were treated with mCPA (20 mg/kg/day PO) for seven continuous days on alternating weeks, vaccinated with HPV16 E749-57 peptide antigen formulated in the DepoVax (DPX) adjuvanting platform every second week, and administered anti-PD-1 (200 μg/DOSE IP) after each vaccination
99. The response of mute swans (Cygnus olor, Gm. 1789) to vaccination against avian influenza with an inactivated H5N2 vaccine.
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- Significant differences in HI titers were observed between swans and pigeons, but no variations in ELISA scores were noted after the booster DOSE
100. Pathway Targeted Immunotherapy: Rationale and Evidence of Durable Clinical Responses with a Novel, EGF-directed Agent for Advanced NSCLC.
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- This concept of pathway targeted immunotherapy (PTI) was validated in vitro by DOSE-related suppression of EGFR, Akt, and Erk1/2 phosphorylation in cell lines with different mutations
101. Coverage, efficacy or dosing interval: which factor predominantly influences the impact of routine childhood vaccination for the prevention of varicella? A model-based study for Italy.
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- Some factors are known to play an important role (number of DOSEs, coverage, dosing interval, efficacy and catch-up programmes), however, their relative impact on the reduction of varicella in the population remains unclear
- Inputs included coverage, number of DOSEs, dosing intervals, first-DOSE efficacy and availability of catch-up programmes, based on strategies currently used or likely to be used in different countries
- Both one- and two-DOSE routine varicella vaccination strategies prevented a comparable number of varicella cases with complications, but two-DOSEs provided broader protection due to prevention of a higher number of milder varicella cases
- When high coverage is reached, the impact of dosing interval and first-DOSE vaccine efficacy had a relatively lower impact on disease prevention in the population
- Similarly, a 10 % increase in first-DOSE efficacy (from 65 to 75 % efficacy) prevented 2-5 % more varicella cases, suggesting it is the least influential factor when considering routine varicella vaccination
102. Distinct immune responses and virus shedding in pigs following aerosol, intra-nasal and contact infection with pandemic swine influenza A virus, A(H1N1)09.
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- We evaluated the shedding pattern, cytokine responses in nasal swabs and immune responses following delivery of low or high DOSE swine influenza pdmH1N1 virus to the respiratory tract of pigs intra-nasally or by aerosol and compared them to those induced in naturally infected contact pigs
- Our data shows that natural infection by contact induces remarkably high innate and adaptive immune response, although the animals were exposed to a very low virus DOSE
- In contacts, the kinetics of virus shedding were slow and prolonged and more similar to the low DOSE directly infected animals
- In contrast the cytokine profile in nasal swabs, antibody and cellular immune responses of contacts more closely resemble immune responses in high DOSE directly inoculated animals
103. Humoral and Cellular Responses to a Single Dose of Fendrix in Renal Transplant Recipients with Non-response to Previous Hepatitis B Vaccination.
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104. Pre-registration efficacy study of a novel marker vaccine against classical swine fever on maternally derived antibody positive (MDA+) target animals.
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- Of the 40 piglets with MDAs, 30 piglets were vaccinated either orally (n = 15) or intramuscularly (n = 15) with a single DOSE of vaccine candidate produced under Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) conditions
105. Development of a vaccine against Streptococcus agalactiae in fish based on truncated cell wall surface anchor proteins.
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- The immunisation-challenge study revealed that tilapia and turbot immunised with recombinant truncated proteins produced high levels of antibodies with a peak at four weeks after immunisation and were protected from a challenge by a virulent S agalactiae at a DOSE of 1×10(9) colony forming units/ml
106. A phase I study of recombinant (r) vaccinia-CEA(6D)-TRICOM and rFowlpox-CEA(6D)-TRICOM vaccines with GM-CSF and IFN-α-2b in patients with CEA-expressing carcinomas.
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- The first cohort received no IFN followed by DOSE escalation of IFN-α in subsequent cohorts
107. Heterogeneity of Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Among Infants in Developing Countries.
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- Infants received either 3 DOSEs of vaccine/placebo and were followed for up to 2 years
- We assessed heterogeneity of efficacy by age at first DOSE, gender, breastfeeding status and nutrition status
- African children receiving the first DOSE at <8 weeks had lower efficacy (23.7%; 95% CI: -8.2%-46.3%) than those vaccinated at ≥8 weeks (59.1%; 95% CI: 34.0%-74.6%)
- Marginally statistically significant differences were observed by age at first DOSE, gender and underweight status in Ghana and gender in Asian countries
- Heterogeneity of efficacy was observed for age at first DOSE in African countries
108. Efficacy of a Russian-backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine among young children in Bangladesh: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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- Between Feb 27 and April 9, 2013, children aged 2-4 years in urban Kamalapur and rural Matlab, Bangladesh, were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio, according to a computer-generated schedule, to receive one intranasal DOSE of LAIV or placebo
- This single-DOSE Russian-backbone LAIV was safe and efficacious at preventing symptomatic laboratory-confirmed influenza illness due to vaccine-matched strains
109. Efficacy of a Russian-backbone live attenuated influenza vaccine among children in Senegal: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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- In Senegal, we assessed the efficacy and safety of a live attenuated influenza vaccine based on Russian-derived master donor viruses and licensed as a single DOSE
- In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, single-centre trial done near Niakhar, Senegal, generally healthy children aged 2-5 years were randomly allocated (2:1) to receive a single intranasal DOSE of masked trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine or placebo
110. Determining the Optimal Vaccination Schedule for Herpes Zoster: a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
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- The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends a single DOSE of herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine in persons aged 60 years or older, but the efficacy decreases to zero after approximately 10 years
- A booster DOSE administered after 10 years might extend protection, but the cost-effectiveness of a booster strategy has not been examined
- In deterministic sensitivity analysis, "vaccination at 60 plus two boosters" cost < $100,000/QALY if compliance rate was > 67 % or vaccine cost was < $156 per DOSE
- Under current assumptions, initiating HZ vaccine at age 70 years with one booster DOSE 10 years later appears optimal
111. Stimulation through CD40 and TLR-4 Is an Effective Host Directed Therapy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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- Interestingly, CD40 and TLR-4 stimulation along with the suboptimal DOSE of anti-TB drugs significantly fortified their efficacy to kill Mtb
112. Intranasal immunization with recombinant Toxoplasma gondii actin depolymerizing factor confers protective efficacy against toxoplasmosis in mice.
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- gondii infection, we optimized the intranasal immunization DOSE of rTgADF and analyzed the survival rate and tachyzoite loads in mouse tissues after oral challenge with T
113. Construction of a recombinant duck enteritis virus vaccine expressing hemagglutinin of H9N2 avian influenza virus and evaluation of its efficacy in ducks.
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- Moreover, a single DOSE of 10(3) TCID50 of rDEV-∆UL2-HA induced solid protection against lethal DEV challenge and completely prevented H9N2 AIV viral shedding
114. Induction of an Immune-Protective T-Cell Repertoire With Diverse Genetic Coverage by a Novel Viral-Vectored Tuberculosis Vaccine in Humans.
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- A single-DOSE immunization in BCG-primed adults with an adenovirus-based tuberculosis vaccine elicits a repertoire of memory T cells capable of recognizing multiple Ag85A epitopes
115. [Influenza: Whats new?]
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- New vaccines have been introduced with quadrivalent vaccines covering both circulating B-types simultaneously and high DOSE vaccines for elder patients.
116. A review of measles supplementary immunization activities and the implications for Pacific Island countries and territories.
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- Expert commentary: Very high coverage with two DOSEs of measles vaccine seems to be the optimal strategy for controlling measles
- By 2015, all but two Pacific Islands had introduced a second DOSE in the routine schedule; however, a number of countries have not yet reached high coverage with their second DOSE
- The literature and the country reviews reported here suggest that a high coverage SIA combined with one DOSE of measles vaccine given in the routine system will also do the job
117. Combining biomedical preventions for HIV: Vaccines with pre-exposure prophylaxis, microbicides or other HIV preventions.
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- Animal models can determine CBP efficacy, whether additive or synergistic, the efficacy of different products and combinations, DOSE, timing and mechanisms
118. Fixed-dose combination emtricitabine/tenofovir/efavirenz initiated during acute HIV infection; 96-week efficacy and durability.
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119. Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugated to Salmonella Typhimurium-Derived OPS in a Mouse Model: A Potential Vaccine Candidate Against Salmonellosis.
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- Two weeks after the first vaccination DOSE, there was no significant difference in the antibody titers of the OPS and OPS-DT groups
- However, after the second and third DOSEs, the antibody titers of the OPS-DT group increased significantly compared with those of the control groups (P < 0.001)
120. Sunitinib: the antiangiogenic effects and beyond.
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- While the side effects are manageable, sunitinib, like many other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, can be associated with serious toxicities that require careful management including frequent DOSE reductions
121. Post Exposure Prophylaxis for Occupational Exposures to HIV and Hepatitis B: Our Experience of Thirteen Years at a Rural Based Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Western India.
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- Of the 48, in 17 (35.4%) incidences no action was required; 23 (47.9%) were managed with booster DOSE of Hepatitis B vaccine and eight (16.7%) with Hepatitis B immunoglobulin
122. Evaluation of the efficacy of a new oil-based adjuvant ISA 61 VG FMD vaccine as a potential vaccine for cattle.
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- Two groups of 15 naive cattle received a single vaccination with different DOSEs (full DOSE, 1/3 DOSE and 1/9 DOSE) to calculate their PD50 (50% protective DOSE) after being challenged with the homologous virulent virus
123. Mechanisms, safety and efficacy of a B cell epitope-based vaccine for immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy.
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- We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled AIT study to determine safety, clinical efficacy and immunological mechanism of three subcutaneous injections of three BM32 DOSEs adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide versus aluminum hydroxide (placebo) applied monthly to grass pollen allergic patients (n=70)
- TOSS and SPT reactions showed a DOSE-dependent decrease
- The B cell epitope-based recombinant grass pollen allergy vaccine BM32 is well tolerated and few DOSEs are sufficient to suppress immediate allergic reactions as well as allergen-specific T cell responses via a selective induction of allergen-specific IgG antibodies
124. Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination in Hematological Malignancies: a Systematic Review of Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Safety.
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- Protection rate of booster DOSE was 30% (95% CI=6-62%) for H1N1
- Pooled prevalence protection rate of H3N2 and B was available for meta-analysis only for first DOSE, 42.6% (95% CI=23.2 - 63.3 %) and 39.6 % (95% CI=26%-54.1%) for H3N2 and B, respectively
- Response rate of booster DOSE resulted 35% (95% CI=19.7-51.2%) for H1N1, 23% (95% CI=16.6-31.5%) for H3N2, 29% (95% CI=21.3-37%) for B
125. Protective efficacy of a prime-boost protocol using H5-DNA plasmid as prime and inactivated H5N2 vaccine as the booster against the Egyptian avian influenza challenge virus.
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- In the immunization and challenge experiments, SPF chickens received 1 or 2 DOSEs of H5-DNA plasmid prime, and boosted with the inactivated H5N2 vaccine
- Chickens immunized with 1 or 2 DOSEs of H5-DNA vaccine failed to overcome the challenge with 0% and 10% protection, respectively
- Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR revealed virus shedding of 2.2 x 104 PCR copies/ml 3 days post challenge (dpc) in the only surviving bird from the group that received 2 DOSEs of plasmid
- However, chickens immunized with 1 or 2 DOSEs of H5-DNA plasmid as prime and inactivated H5N2 vaccine as booster, showed 80% protection after challenge, with a viral shedding of 1.2 x 104 PCR copies/ml (1 DOSE) and 1.6 x 104 PCR copies/ml (2 DOSEs) 3 dpc
126. Multi-dose Romidepsin Reactivates Replication Competent SIV in Post-antiretroviral Rhesus Macaque Controllers.
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- Three post-treatment controller RMs received three DOSEs of RMD every 35-50 days, followed by in vivo experimental depletion of CD8+ cells using monoclonal antibody M-T807R1
127. Preclinical identification of vaccine induced protective correlates in human leukocyte antigen expressing transgenic mice infected with Coccidioides posadasii.
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- In this study HLA-DR4 transgenic mice were immunized with a live-attenuated vaccine (ΔT) and challenged by the intranasal route with 50-70 Coccidioides posadasii spores, a potentially lethal DOSE
128. Current hepatitis B virus infection situation in Indonesia and its genetic diversity.
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- The low birth DOSE coverage and the presence of vaccine escape mutants might contribute to this endemicity among children
129. Zebrafish as a novel model for non-typhoidal Salmonella pathogenesis, transmission and vaccine efficacy.
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- Enteritidis immunogen induced protective efficacy against a high DOSE (10(8)CFU/ml) of infection with these pathogens
130. Efficacy of Various HVT Vaccines (Conventional and Recombinant) Against Marek's Disease in Broiler Chickens: Effect of Dose and Age of Vaccination.
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- In a first study we evaluated the efficacy of two conventional HVTs (HVT-A and HVT-B) administered at different DOSEs (475, 1500, and 4000 PFU) at day of age on the ability to protect against an early challenge with very virulent plus strain 645
- In a second experiment we evaluated the protection ability of several HVTs (both conventional and recombinant) when administered in ovo at a DOSE of 1500 PFU using the same challenge model
- Our results show that each HVT is unique and age at vaccination and vaccine DOSE greatly affected vaccine efficacy
131. Effect of Preventive Chlamydia abortus Vaccination in Offspring Development in Sheep Challenged Experimentally.
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- In this context, we evaluated the efficacy of an inactivated standard commercial vaccine and a 1/2 diluted DOSE in pregnant sheep challenged with C
- Three groups of ewes [control non-vaccinated, C (n = 18); vaccinated with standard DOSE, SV (n = 16); and vaccinated with 1/2 DOSE, DV (n = 17)], were challenged approximately 90 days post-mating and tested using direct PCR (tissue samples and vaginal swabs) and ELISA (serum) until 31 days post-reproductive outcome
- abortus-infected ewes at a standard and a diluted DOSE, an interesting finding given the difficulty in achieving sufficient antigen concentration in the production of enzootic abortion of ewes-commercial vaccines.
132. Safety Study: Intraventricular Injection of a Modified Oncolytic Measles Virus into Measles-Immune, hCD46-Transgenic, IFNαRko Mice.
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- Treated animals were administered a single intraventricular injection of 1 × 10(5) or 1 × 10(6) TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective DOSE) of MV-NIS
133. Influenza vaccine efficacy in young children attending childcare: A randomised controlled trial.
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- Children were randomised to receive two DOSEs of TIV or control hepatitis A vaccine
- Injection site and systemic adverse events were mostly mild to moderate with no significant differences, apart from more mild diarrhoea following DOSE 2 in TIV recipients (11.8 vs 0%)
134. Rabies Outbreaks and Vaccination in Domestic Camels and Cattle in Northwest China.
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- Compared with a single injection with one (low-efficacy) or three DOSEs (high-cost), a single injection of a double DOSE of canine vaccine provided low-price and convenience for local veterinarians while inducing levels of virus neutralizing antibodies indicative of protection against rabies for at least 1 year in the cattle and camels
135. Re-designing the Mozambique vaccine supply chain to improve access to vaccines.
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- The alternative system design raised vaccine availability (from 66% to 93% in Gaza; from 76% to 84% in Cabo Delgado) and reduced the logistics cost per DOSE administered (from $0.53 to $0.32 in Gaza; from $0.38 to $0.24 in Cabo Delgado) as compared to the multi-tiered system under the current EPI
136. A Recombinant Chimeric Ad5/3 Vector Expressing a Multistage Plasmodium Antigen Induces Protective Immunity in Mice Using Heterologous Prime-Boost Immunization Regimens.
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- Our study also demonstrates that the DOSE of the Ad vectors has an impact on the memory profile and protective efficacy
137. A phase I clinical study of immunotherapy for advanced colorectal cancers using carcinoembryonic antigen-pulsed dendritic cells mixed with tetanus toxoid and subsequent IL-2 treatment.
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- Low-DOSE interleukin-2 was administered subcutaneously following the final DC vaccination to boost the growth of T cells
138. Cross-species prediction of human survival probabilities for accelerated anthrax vaccine absorbed (AVA) regimens and the potential for vaccine and antibiotic dose sparing.
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- The schedule is three DOSEs administered subcutaneous (SC) at 2-week intervals (0, 2, and 4weeks), in conjunction with a 60-day course of antimicrobials
- A nonhuman primate (NHP) study was completed to evaluate the efficacy of a two DOSE anthrax vaccine absorbed (AVA) schedule (0, 2weeks) aerosol challenged with high levels of B
- The bridging analysis demonstrated that high levels of NHP protection also yield high predicted probability of human survival just 2weeks after the second DOSE of vaccine with the full or half antigen DOSE regimen
- The absolute difference in probability of human survival between the full and half antigen DOSE was estimated to be at most approximately 20%, indicating that more investigation of the half-antigen DOSE for vaccine DOSE sparing strategies may be warranted.
139. Virus-Like Nanoparticle Vaccine Confers Protection against Toxoplasma gondii.
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- Upon challenge infection with a lethal DOSE of T
140. A Bayesian adaptive phase I-II trial design for optimizing the schedule of therapeutic cancer vaccines.
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- Typically, Phase I-II oncology trials take the form of DOSE-escalation studies, where initial subjects are treated at the lowest DOSE level and subsequent subjects are treated at progressively higher DOSEs until the optimal DOSE is identified
- While DOSE-escalation designs are well-motivated in the case of traditional chemotherapeutic agents, an alternate approach may be considered for therapeutic cancer vaccines, where an investigator's main objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a set of dosing schedules or adjuvant combinations rather than to compare the safety and efficacy of progressively higher DOSE levels
141. HSV-2 ΔgD elicits FcγR-effector antibodies that protect against clinical isolates.
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- Furthermore, mice were completely protected against 100 times the lethal DOSE that typically kills 90% of animals (LD90) of a South African isolate (SD90), and no latent virus was detected in dorsal root ganglia
142. Corynebacterium cutis Lysate Treatment Can Increase the Efficacies of PPR Vaccine.
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- The PPR vaccine group received a single subcutaneous axillary injection of the PPR vaccine (1 mL containing tissue culture infectious DOSE (TCID)50 attenuated live PPRV, n = 6) and the combination treatment (1 mL CCL and 1 mL PPR vaccine, n = 6) groups received a single subcutaneous axillary injection of both CCL and PPR vaccine
143. Using a Human Challenge Model of Infection to Measure Vaccine Efficacy: A Randomised, Controlled Trial Comparing the Typhoid Vaccines M01ZH09 with Placebo and Ty21a.
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- In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of a single DOSE of the oral vaccine candidate, M01ZH09, in susceptible volunteers by direct typhoid challenge
- Participants were allocated to receive one DOSE of double-blinded M01ZH09 or placebo or 3-DOSEs of open-label Ty21a
- Ninety-nine participants were randomised to receive M01ZH09 (n = 33), placebo (n = 33) or 3-DOSEs of Ty21a (n = 33)
- Vaccine efficacy (VE) for one DOSE of M01ZH09 was 13% [95% CI -29 to 41] and 35% [-5 to 60] for 3-DOSEs of Ty21a
- Limitations to the study included the requirement to limit the challenge period prior to treatment to 2 weeks, the intensity of the study procedures and the high challenge DOSE used resulting in a stringent model
- Despite successfully demonstrating the use of a human challenge study to directly evaluate vaccine efficacy, a single-DOSE M01ZH09 failed to demonstrate significant protection after challenge with virulent Salmonella Typhi in this model
144. A review of immunogenicity and tolerability of live attenuated Hepatitis A vaccine in children.
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- Moreover, a single DOSE of live attenuated vaccine persists a long term immune response and can be a preferred option for developing countries
- In 2014, Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) also updated their recommendations for H2 vaccine as a single DOSE as against the previous 2 DOSE schedule
145. Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine: A Review in the Prevention of Dengue Disease.
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- In Latin American and Asian phase 3 trials in children and adolescents (n > 30,000), the recommended three-DOSE CYD-TDV regimen was efficacious in preventing virologically-confirmed dengue (VCD) during the period from 28 days after the last DOSE (month 13) to month 25, meeting the primary endpoint criteria
- from post DOSE 1) in ongoing long-term studies
146. Vitamin D3 improves the effects of low dose Der p 2 allergoid treatment in Der p 2 sensitized BALB/c mice.
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- We investigated whether the co-administration of VD3 could potentiate the effect of AIT even when added to a low DOSE of chemically-modified monomeric allergoid of Der p 2 (d2-OID), in a Derp p 2 (d2)-sensitized BALB/c mice model
- The d2-OID alone was not fully successful, as expected for a low DOSE
- The addition of VD3 to a conventional AIT protocol would allow the reduction of allergoid DOSE needed and therefore, the production costs
147. Efficacy of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Ebola Virus Postexposure Treatment in Rhesus Macaques Infected With Ebola Virus Makona.
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- We treated groups of animals with 1 DOSE of VSV-EBOV either in a single injection at 1 or 24 hours after EBOV exposure or with 2 injections, half the DOSE at each time point; 1 control group received the same DOSE of the VSV-based Marburg virus vaccine at both time points; another group remained untreated
148. Obesity Outweighs Protection Conferred by Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccination.
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- Increasing the antigen DOSE affords no added protection, and a decreasing viral DOSE did not fully mitigate the increased mortality seen in obese mice
149. Safety and protective efficacy of a spiC and crp deletion mutant of Salmonella gallinarum as a live attenuated vaccine for fowl typhoid.
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- Three-day-old chickens were intramuscularly immunized with 1009ΔspiCΔcrp (1×10(7)CFU) and boosted 7days later (at 10-days old) with the same DOSE and via the same route (vaccinated group)
150. High-dose influenza vaccine favors acute plasmablast responses rather than long-term cellular responses.
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- High-DOSE (HD) influenza vaccine shows improved relative efficacy against influenza disease compared to standard-DOSE (SD) vaccine in individuals ⩾65years
- However, long-lived memory B cell induction, cytokine-secreting T cell responses and persistence of serological memory were comparable regardless of vaccine DOSE
151. Prevention of Cervix Cancer in India.
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- Prevention of cervical cancers with two-DOSE HPV vaccination and early detection of precancerous cervical lesions of the eligible population through screening and their appropriate treatment with a single-visit 'screen-and-treat' approach appear to be promising for low-middle-income countries including India.
152. Use of flagellin and cholera toxin as adjuvants in intranasal vaccination of mice to enhance protective immune responses against uropathogenic Escherichia coli antigens.
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- Furthermore, the use of CT in synergism with FliC resulted in the stimulation of a mixed Th1 and Th2 responses against FimH and FliC as antigen and maintained the antibody responses for at least 24 weeks following the last vaccine DOSE
153. Safety and immunogenecity of a live attenuated Rift Valley fever vaccine (CL13T) in camels.
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- The single DOSE of the vaccine stimulated a strong and long-lasting neutralizing antibody response for up to 12 months
154. Ectromelia Virus Disease Characterization in the BALB/c Mouse: A Surrogate Model for Assessment of Smallpox Medical Countermeasures.
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- Mice were inoculated intranasally with a high lethal DOSE (125 PFU) of ECTV, resulting in complete mortality 10 days after infection
155. Decrease in circulating CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells following vaccination with the candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S.
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- Using multi-parameter flow cytometry, we examined responses in 13 malaria naïve adult volunteers who received 2 DOSEs of RTS,S given eight weeks apart
- Five of these volunteers had previously received 3 DOSEs of a candidate DNA-CSP vaccine, with the final DOSE given approximately one year prior to the first DOSE of the RTS,S vaccine
156. Relationship between Vaccine-Induced Antibody Capture of Infectious Virus and Infection Outcomes following Repeated Low-Dose Rectal Challenges with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251.
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- We measured the ability of antibodies induced by ALVAC-SIV/gp120 vaccination, given with alum or MF59 adjuvant, to capture infectious SIVmac251 and determined the association between capture and infection outcomes following low-DOSE, repeated rectal challenge of rhesus macaques
157. Highly Immunogenic Trimethyl Chitosan-Based Delivery System for Intranasal Lipopeptide Vaccines against Group A Streptococcus.
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- The enhanced vaccine efficacy, lowered DOSE, and simple and cost-effective process of producing the coated nanoliposomes should be particularly useful in developing potent peptide-based vaccines to prevent infections at the mucosal sites.
158. Novel adjuvant Alum-TLR7 significantly potentiates immune response to glycoconjugate vaccines.
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- We found that in a mouse model Alum-TLR7 greatly improved potency of a CRM197-MenC vaccine increasing anti-MenC antibody titers and serum bactericidal activity (SBA) against MenC compared to alum adjuvanted vaccine, especially with a low DOSE of antigen and already after a single immunization
159. Diarrheal Diseases Hospitalization in Yemen before and after Rotavirus Vaccination.
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- The vaccination course consists of two DOSEs
- The first DOSE is administrated at 6 weeks of age and the second DOSE is completed by 10 weeks
160. Display of ISKNV orf086 protein on the surface of Aeromonas hydrophila and its immunogenicity in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi).
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- hydrophila k28 emulsified with ISA763 adjuvant with a DOSE of 9 × 10(8) CFU per fish
161. The impact of assumptions regarding vaccine-induced immunity on the public health and cost-effectiveness of hepatitis A vaccination: Is one dose sufficient?
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- In the base case that assumed no vaccine-induced IMP, the 2-DOSE hepatitis A vaccination strategy was cost-effective compared with the 1-DOSE strategy over the 3 time horizons
- In the 50- and 75-y horizons, the 2-DOSE strategy was always cost-effective, except when 100% reduction in the probability of icteric Infections, 75% reduction in infectiousness, and mean durations of IMP of at least 50 y were assumed
- This analysis indicates that routine vaccination of toddlers against hepatitis A virus would be cost-effective in Mexico using a single-DOSE vaccination strategy
- However, the cost-effectiveness of a second DOSE depends on the assumptions of additional protection by IMP and the time horizon over which the analysis is performed.
162. Successful comeback of the single-dose live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR.
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- The oral live cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR (Orochol, Mutachol), the first genetically modified organism (GMO) used as vaccine, was in its time (launched 1993, Switzerland) the ideal cholera vaccine: single-DOSE, protective efficacy of 80-100% against moderate to severe cholera, acting within 8 days and exhibiting excellent safety, indiscernible from placebo
- What had happened? This commentary gives a critical account of an almost unbelievable string of misadventures, emerging adverse circumstances and man-made failures which nearly killed this single-DOSE live oral cholera vaccine
163. [Multiple sclerosis vaccine: possibilities of the use of dendritic cells immunomodulatory potential].
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- It was found out that intradermal DOSE of 3 x 10⁶ cells applied to spinal area 6-12
164. Safety Overview of a Recombinant Live-Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine: Pooled Analysis of Data from 18 Clinical Trials.
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- Reactogenicity did not increase with successive DOSEs of CYD-TDV
- The frequency and nature of SAEs occurring within 28 days of any DOSE were similar in the CYD-TDV and placebo groups and were common medical conditions that could be expected as a function of age
- In year 3 after DOSE 1, an imbalance for dengue hospitalization, including for severe dengue, observed in participants aged <9 years in the CYD-TDV group compared with the placebo group was not observed for participants aged ≥9 years
- In Year 4, this imbalance in participants aged <9 years was less marked, giving an overall lower risk of dengue hospitalization or severe dengue from DOSE 1 to Year 4 in the CYD-TDV group
165. Protective efficacy by various doses of Salmonella ghost vaccine candidate carrying enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli fimbrial antigen against neonatal piglet colibacillosis.
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- Humoral immune responses and protective efficacy by various DOSEs of Salmonella ghost cells carrying enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) fimbrial antigens for protection against piglet colibacillosis were studied
166. Optimization of efficacy of a live attenuated Flavobacterium psychrophilum immersion vaccine.
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- Rainbow trout (RBT) fry were vaccinated by immersion, and different parameters affecting vaccination such as fish size, vaccine delivery time, DOSE, duration of protection, booster regimes and vaccine growth incubation time were optimized
- Fish vaccinated with higher vaccine DOSEs of ∼10(10) and 10(8) colony forming units mL(-1) (cfu ml(-1)) were strongly protected out to at least 24 weeks with RPS values up to 70%
- Fish vaccinated with lower DOSEs (∼10(6) and 10(5) cfu mL(-1)) had good protection out to 12 weeks, but RPS values dropped to 36% and 34%, respectively by 24 weeks
167. Effect of a booster dose of influenza vaccine in patients with hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant recipients: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
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- We concluded that a booster DOSE of the influenza vaccine did not effectively enhance immunogenicity
- Therefore, a booster DOSE of vaccine is not recommended for patients with hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant recipients.
168. Implementing an Ebola Vaccine Study - Sierra Leone.
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- Participants were randomized to receive a single intramuscular DOSE of rVSV-ZEBOV at enrollment or to receive a single intramuscular DOSE 18-24 weeks after enrollment
169. Oseltamivir PK/PD Modeling and Simulation to Evaluate Treatment Strategies against Influenza-Pneumococcus Coinfection.
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- An increment in DOSE to 150 mg (pandemic regimen) may increase the antiviral efficacy to 49% and the antibacterial efficacy to 16%
170. Safety, immune and clinical responses in metastatic melanoma patients vaccinated with a long peptide derived from indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in combination with ipilimumab.
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- It initially responded to high-DOSE parenteral corticosteroids but later relapsed while the patient was admitted to a local hospital, where he died after receiving suboptimal therapy
171. Preclinical evaluation of three polyspecific antivenoms against the venom of Echis ocellatus: Neutralization of toxic activities and antivenomics.
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- VINS antivenom neutralized hemorrhagic activity of this venom, but failed to neutralize lethality at the highest antivenom DOSE tested, and had a low neutralizing efficacy against in vitro coagulant effect.
172. Is 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) Combined With 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV23) Superior to PPSV23 Alone for Reducing Incidence or Severity of Pneumonia in Older Adults? A Clin-IQ.
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- Until recently the recommendation for adult pneumonia vaccination has been a single DOSE of PPSV23 for all adults 65 years and older
173. Efficacy of a potential DNA vaccine encoding Cryptosporidium baileyi rhomboid protein against homologous challenge in chickens.
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- Obtained results revealed that this nucleic acid based vaccine could induce antibody responses and peripheral blood T lymphocytes proliferation significantly (P<0.05), while the peripheral blood B lymphocyte proliferation increased significantly (P<0.05) only at a high DOSE of 100μg of pEGFP-CbROM, compared with the PBS control group
174. Protection of Humanized Mice From Repeated Intravaginal HIV Challenge by Passive Immunization: A Model for Studying the Efficacy of Neutralizing Antibodies In Vivo.
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- Here we report that passive immunization with the broadly neutralizing antibody b12 protected humanized mice against repetitive intravaginal infection in a DOSE-dependent manner
175. Seven-Year Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Vaccine among Young African Children.
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- We conducted 7 years of follow-up in children who had been randomly assigned, at 5 to 17 months of age, to receive three DOSEs of either the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine or a rabies (control) vaccine
- A three-DOSE vaccination with RTS,S/AS01 was initially protective against clinical malaria, but this result was offset by rebound in later years in areas with higher-than-average exposure to malaria parasites
176. A phase III clinical study to compare the immunogenicity and safety of the 9-valent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines in men.
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- In addition to immune responses to HPV 31/33/45/52/58, a three-DOSE regimen of the 9vHPV vaccine elicited a similar immune response to HPV 6/11/16/18 when compared with the qHPV vaccine in men aged 16-26years
177. [Research progress regarding the clinical evaluation on recombinant human papillomavirus vaccines].
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- Immunobriging trials show that the two-DOSE schedule in 9-14 years old girls elicits non-inferior immune response than the three-DOSE one in young adults
178. Dengue vaccines: Are they safe for travelers?
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- Which of these vaccines might be useful in protecting travelers against dengue infections and disease? Dengvaxia requires three DOSEs administered over the course of one year but in addition has safety signals suggesting that susceptible individuals should not be vaccinated
- The NIAID vaccine is promising as a travel vaccine as a single DOSE fully protected susceptible adults against live dengue 2 virus challenge
179. Application of mouse model for effective evaluation of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.
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- Challenge experiments after vaccination using in-house and commercial vaccines demonstrated vaccine-mediated protection in a DOSE-dependent manner
180. Engineered Mesenchymal Cells Improve Passive Immune Protection Against Lethal Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Exposure.
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- The mice were protected against exposure to a lethal DOSE of VEEV by an intramuscular pretreatment injection with engineered HUCPVCs 24 hours or 10 days before exposure, demonstrating both rapid and prolonged immune protection
- The present study is the first to describe engineered MSCs as gene delivery vehicles for passive immunity and supports their utility as antibody delivery vehicles for improved, single-DOSE prophylaxis against endemic and intentionally disseminated pathogens
- The present study has shown, for the first time, that mesenchymal stromal cells are effective gene delivery vehicles that can significantly improve mAb-mediated immune protection in a single, intramuscular DOSE of engineered cells
- Such a cell-based delivery system can provide extended life-saving protection in the event of exposure to biological threats using a more practical, single-DOSE regimen.
181. Single dose denileukin diftitox does not enhance vaccine-induced T cell responses or effectively deplete Tregs in advanced melanoma: immune monitoring and clinical results of a randomized phase II trial.
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- To investigate the immunologic effects of denileukin difitox on vaccine-specific immune responses in melanoma, a randomized clinical trial of single DOSE denileukin diftitox prior to vaccination versus vaccination alone in subjects with HLA-A2(+) metastatic melanoma was performed
- Treatment included randomization to a 4-peptide vaccine (Melan-A, gp100, MAGE3 and NA17 with GM-CSF emulsified in Montanide) alone or after single DOSE of denileukin diftitox (18 mcg/kg)
- Vaccine was given every 2 weeks for 3 DOSEs and, absent clinical progression, continued every 2 weeks
182. Protection of rhesus macaques against inhalational anthrax with a Bacillus anthracis capsule conjugate vaccine.
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- To broaden protection against possible strains resistant to protective antigen-based vaccines, we previously developed a vaccine in which the anthrax polyglutamic acid capsule was covalently conjugated to the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis serotype B and demonstrated that two DOSEs of 2.5μg of this vaccine conferred partial protection of rhesus macaques against inhalational anthrax
- Here, we demonstrate complete protection of rhesus macaques against inhalational anthrax with a higher 50μg DOSE of the same capsule conjugate vaccine
183. Circulating follicular T helper cells and cytokine profile in humans following vaccination with the rVSV-ZEBOV Ebola vaccine.
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- Here, we analyzed human cellular immune responses induced by a single DOSE of the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine candidate, which showed significant protective efficacy in endemic populations in Guinea
184. Recombinant hemagglutinin influenza vaccine provides broader spectrum protection.
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185. Vaccine Protection of Turkeys Against H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus with a Recombinant Turkey Herpesvirus Expressing the Hemagglutinin Gene of Avian Influenza.
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- One-day-old turkeys received a single vaccination and were challenged at 4 wk postvaccination with 2 × 10(6) 50% embryo infectious DOSE per bird
186. Comparative Effectiveness of Two Oil Adjuvant-Inactivated Avian Influenza H9N2 Vaccines.
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- The current inactivated H9N2 vaccines (0.5 ml/bird) administered at a reduced DOSE (0.25 ml/bird) do not guarantee the delivery of an effective DOSE for broilers
- In this study, the efficacy of the reduced-DOSE volume (0.3 ml/bird), compared with the regular vaccine DOSE (0.5 ml/bird) of inactivated H9N2 vaccines using two different commercially available adjuvants, was investigated
- At 4 wk PV, both vaccinated groups were challenged using the homologous H9N2 strain at a 50% egg infective DOSE (EID50) of 10(6) EID50/bird via the intranasal route
- The reduced-DOSE volume of vaccine induced a significantly faster and higher immune response than the regular volume of vaccine at 2 and 3 wk PV
- The reduced-DOSE volume of vaccine using a suitable oil adjuvant and proper antigen content can be used effectively for early immunization of broiler chicks.
187. Protective Efficacy of Recombinant Turkey Herpes Virus (rHVT-H5) and Inactivated H5N1 Vaccines in Commercial Mulard Ducks against the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 Clade 2.2.1 Virus.
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- A 0.3ml/DOSE subcutaneous injection of rHVT-H5 vaccine was administered to one-day-old ducklings (D1) and another 0.5ml/DOSE subcutaneous injection of the inactivated MEFLUVAC was administered at 7 days (D7)
188. Enhanced protective immunity of the chimeric vector-based vaccine rAdV-SFV-E2 against classical swine fever in pigs by a Salmonella bacterial ghost adjuvant.
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- From an economical point of view, it will be beneficial to reduce the minimum effective DOSE of the vaccine
- Groups of 5-week-old pigs (n = 4) were immunized intramuscularly twice with 10(5) median tissue culture infective DOSEs (TCID50) rAdV-SFV-E2 combined with 10(10) colony forming units (CFU) BG, 10(6) or 10(5) TCID50 rAdV-SFV-E2 alone or 10(10) CFU BG alone at an interval of 3 weeks, and challenged with the highly virulent CSFV Shimen strain at 1 week post-booster immunization
189. Fractional Third and Fourth Dose of RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Candidate Vaccine: A Phase 2a Controlled Human Malaria Parasite Infection and Immunogenicity Study.
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- Three full DOSEs of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine provides partial protection against controlled human malaria parasite infection (CHMI) and natural exposure
- Immunization regimens, including a delayed fractional third DOSE, were assessed for potential increased protection against malaria and immunologic responses
- In a phase 2a, controlled, open-label, study of healthy malaria-naive adults, 16 subjects vaccinated with a 0-, 1-, and 2-month full-DOSE regimen (012M) and 30 subjects who received a 0-, 1-, and 7-month regimen, including a fractional third DOSE (Fx017M), underwent CHMI 3 weeks after the last DOSE
- The fractional DOSE boosting increased antibody somatic hypermutation and avidity and sustained high protection upon rechallenge
- A delayed third fractional vaccine DOSE improved immunogenicity and protection against infection
190. Protective Efficacy Induced by Genetically Attenuated Mid-to-Late Liver-Stage Arresting Plasmodium berghei Δmrp2 Parasites.
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- Low-DOSE immunization using 400 PbΔmrp2 sporozoites induced 100% sterile protection in BALB/c mice after IV challenge with 10,000 wild-type sporozoites
191. Tetanus remains a formidable health challenge in Nigeria: The experience from a single Teaching Hospital in Osun State, Nigeria.
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- Only one subject was fully vaccinated and received booster DOSE of vaccine
192. Assessment of safety and reproductive performance after vaccination with a modified live-virus PRRS genotype 1 vaccine in pregnant sows at various stages of gestation.
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- In conclusion, the administration of a single DOSE of ReproCyc® PRRS EU to sows and gilts at various stages of gestation confirmed non-inferiority to a commercial PRRS vaccine regarding safety and efficacy parameters under field conditions.
193. Extrapolating theoretical efficacy of inactivated influenza A/H5N1 virus vaccine from human immunogenicity studies.
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- Hence, determining whether to give one DOSE to more people or two DOSEs to fewer people to best protect the population is essential
- Using an established relationship to obtain a theoretical vaccine efficacy from immunogenicity data from thirteen arms of six phase I and phase II clinical trials of inactivated influenza A/H5N1 virus vaccines, we assessed: (1) the proportion of theoretical vaccine efficacy achieved after a single DOSE (defined as primary response level), and (2) whether theoretical efficacy increases after a second DOSE, with and without adjuvant
- After the first and second DOSEs, vaccine with AS03 at dosage levels 3.75, 7.5 and 15mcg had the highest estimated theoretical vaccine efficacy: DOSE (1) 45% (95% CI: 36-57%), 53% (95% CI: 42-63%) and 55% (95% CI: 44-64%), respectively and DOSE (2) 93% (95% CI: 89-96%), 97% (95% CI: 95-98%) and 97% (95% CI: 96-100%), respectively
- On average, the estimated theoretical vaccine efficacy of lower DOSE adjuvanted vaccines (AS03 and MF59) was 17% higher than that of higher DOSE unadjuvanted vaccines, suggesting that including an adjuvant is DOSE-sparing
- These data indicate adjuvanted inactivated influenza A/H5N1 virus vaccine produces high theoretical efficacy after two DOSEs to protect individuals against a potential avian influenza pandemic.
194. Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of a Live-Attenuated Herpes Zoster Vaccine: A Comprehensive Review.
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- Currently, one-DOSE, live-attenuated vaccine is licensed in the United States and Europe to prevent HZ and it is included in some national immunization programs
195. Aeromonas hydrophila OmpW PLGA Nanoparticle Oral Vaccine Shows a Dose-Dependent Protective Immunity in Rohu (Labeo rohita).
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- To evaluate the efficacy of the NP-rOmpW oral vaccine, two antigen DOSEs were orally administered in rohu with a high antigen (HiAg) DOSE that had twice the amount of antigens compared to the low antigen (LoAg) DOSE
- Antibody levels obtained after vaccination showed an antigen DOSE dependency in which fish from the HiAg group had higher antibody levels than those from the LoAg group
- hydrophila infection with the level of protective immunity induced by oral vaccination being antigen DOSE-dependent
- Future studies should seek to optimize the antigen DOSE and duration of oral immunization in rohu in order to induce the highest protection in vaccinated fish.
196. [Anti-HBs persistence after revaccination with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine among non-responsive adults: a 4-year of follow-up study].
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- Blood samples were collected one month after the third DOSE of primary immunization and tested for anti-HBs using chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA)
- Then they were revaccinated with three DOSEs of HepB with the same schedule as the primary immunization
197. [Anti-HBs persistence following revaccination with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine among low-responsive adults after primary vaccination: a 4-year follow-up study].
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- To assess the 4-year anti-HBs persistence after revaccination with 3-DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) among low-responsive adults
- Blood samples were collected one month after the third DOSE of primary immunization and tested for anti-HBs using chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA)
- The 892 low-responders were revaccinated with three DOSEs of HepB at 0-1-6 months schedule and the type of HepB was the same as which was used for primary immunization
198. [Anti-HBs persistence following primary vaccination with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine among normal and high-responder adults: a 3-year follow-up study].
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- To assess the 3-year anti-HBs persistence after primary vaccination with three-DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) among normal and high-responder adults
- Blood samples were collected one month after the third DOSE of primary immunization and tested for anti-HBs using chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA)
199. Moving Beyond Autologous Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma: Consolidation, Maintenance, Allogeneic Transplant, and Immune Therapy.
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- For multiple myeloma, introduction of novel agents as part of the front-line treatment followed by high-DOSE chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) induces deep responses in a majority of patients with this disease
200. Neutralizing antibody affords comparable protection against vaginal and rectal simian/human immunodeficiency virus challenge in macaques.
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- Animals were administered PGT126 at three different DOSEs before challenged either vaginally or rectally with a single DOSE of SHIVSF163P3
- Serological analysis showed similar serum concentrations of PGT126 and serum neutralization titers in animals administered the same antibody DOSE
201. Chicken Anti-Campylobacter Vaccine - Comparison of Various Carriers and Routes of Immunization.
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- In this study, we evaluated the protection after one DOSE of vaccine given in ovo
202. Injected phage-displayed-VP28 vaccine reduces shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei mortality by white spot syndrome virus infection.
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- Shrimps were injected with 2 × 10(10) cfu animal(-1) single DOSE of VP28-M13 and M13 once and 48 h later intramuscularly challenged with WSSV to test the efficacy of the vaccine against the infection
203. Comparison of 2-Dose and 3-Dose 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Schedules in the United States: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis.
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- A recent clinical trial using the 9-valent human papillomavirus virus (HPV) vaccine has shown that antibody responses after 2 DOSEs are noninferior to those after 3 DOSEs, suggesting that 2 and 3 DOSEs may have comparable vaccine efficacy
- We used an individual-based transmission-dynamic model to compare the population-level effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of 2- and 3-DOSE schedules of 9-valent HPV vaccine in the United States
- Our model predicts that if 2 DOSEs of 9-valent vaccine protect for ≥20 years, the additional benefits of a 3-DOSE schedule are small as compared to those of 2-DOSE schedules, and 2-DOSE schedules are likely much more cost-efficient than 3-DOSE schedules.
204. Recent advances in immunotherapy for kidney cancer.
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- Immunotherapy has been a mainstay of treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) since the introduction of high-DOSE interleukin-2
205. Determinants of default to fully completion of immunization among children aged 12 to 23 months in south Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study.
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- Cases were children in the age group of 12 to 23 months old who missed at least one DOSE from the recommended schedule
206. Vertical transmission and fetal damage in animal models of congenital toxoplasmosis: A systematic review.
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- Moreover, in most designs tissue cysts - with unknown number of bradyzoites - were used, so actual DOSE could not be established
207. Concurrent SPECT/PET-CT imaging as a method for tracking adoptively transferred T-cells in vivo.
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- Indium (In-111) labeled T-cells demonstrated similar or greater viability than unlabeled T-cells at either a low or high DOSE of In-111 over a 24-h incubation period in vitro
- The function of labeled or unlabeled T-cells was not significantly different (p > 0.05) at either DOSE
208. Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Vaccine (Zostavax(®)): A Review in the Prevention of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia.
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- The need for a booster DOSE is still unknown, but a study showed that, if necessary, a booster DOSE administered to adults aged ≥70 years who received their first DOSE of zoster vaccine ≥10 years previously was immunogenic
209. Analysis of the dose-dependent stage-specific in vitro efficacy of a multi-stage malaria vaccine candidate cocktail.
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- This follow-up study investigates the effect of antigen DOSE on the in vitro efficacy of the malaria vaccine cocktail using a conventional vaccination scheme (one prime and two boosts) and a human-compatible adjuvant (Alhydrogel(®))
- IgG purified from rabbits immunized with 0.1, 1, 10 or 50 µg DOSEs of the VAMAX vaccine candidate cocktail was analysed for total IgG and antigen-cocktail-specific titers
- Here, the component-specific antibody levels showed clear DOSE dependency whereas the determined stage-specific in vitro IC50 values (as a correlate of efficacy) were only dependent on the titer amounts of stage-specific antibodies
- The stage-specific in vitro efficacy of the VAMAX cocktail strongly correlates with the corresponding antigen-specific titers, which for their part depend on the antigen DOSE, but there is no indication that the DOSE has an effect on the in vitro efficacy of the induced antibodies
- A comparison of these results with those obtained in the previous hyper-immunization study (where higher levels of antigen-specific IgG were observed) suggests that there is a significant need to induce an immune response matching efficacy requirements, especially for a PfAMA1-based blood stage vaccine, by using higher DOSEs, better adjuvants and/or better formulations.
210. Asthma and risk of breakthrough varicella infection in children.
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- Of the 330 controls, 80 (24%) had two DOSEs of the varicella vaccine compared with only 23 (14%) of the 165 cases (OR 0.29 [95% CI, 0.14-0.61]; p = 0.001)
- Children with a history of asthma ever had a higher risk of developing breakthrough varicella compared with those without a history of asthma (adjusted OR 1.63 [95% CI, 1.04-2.55]; p = 0.032) when adjusting for elapsed time since the first varicella vaccination and the number of varicella vaccine DOSEs
- Children with asthma should follow the two-DOSE varicella vaccine policy.
211. Thermostabilization of inactivated polio vaccine in PLGA-based microspheres for pulsatile release.
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- In order to obtain full protection from many vaccines, an individual needs to receive multiple DOSEs over the course of months
- However, vaccine administration in developing countries is limited by the difficulty in consistently delivering a second or third DOSE, and some vaccines, including the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), must be injected more than once for efficacy
- In one of our top formulations, 1.4, 1.1, and 1.2 DOSEs of the IPV serotype 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were released within the first few days from 50mg of particles
- During the delayed, second burst, 0.5, 0.8, and 0.6 DOSEs of each serotype, respectively, were released; thus, 50mg of these particles released approximately two clinical DOSEs spaced a month apart
212. Factors associated with influenza vaccine uptake during a universal vaccination programme of preschool children in England and Wales: a cohort study.
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- Children who received a timely first DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine were twice as likely to receive influenza vaccine (ARR 2.00 95% CI 1.87 to 2.13)
213. Efficacy of intranasal vaccination with a multivalent vaccine containing temperature-sensitive modified-live bovine herpesvirus type 1 for protection of seronegative and seropositive calves against respiratory disease.
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- For seronegative calves, the test vaccine contained a minimum immunizing DOSE of BHV-1; for seropositive calves, it contained a commercial DOSE of BHV-1
- A single DOSE of this IN vaccine has the potential to protect seronegative calves for at least 193 days and override maternally derived antibody to protect seropositive calves for at least 105 days.
214. A Replication-Defective Human Type 5 Adenovirus-Based Trivalent Vaccine Confers Complete Protection against Plague in Mice and Nonhuman Primates.
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- DOSE of the trivalent vaccine (priming) followed by a single i.m
- booster DOSE of the purified YFV antigen
- Immunization of cynomolgus macaques with the trivalent rAd5-YFV vaccine by the prime-boost strategy provided 100% protection against a stringent aerosol challenge DOSE of CO92 to animals that had preexisting adenoviral immunity
215. Impact of maternally derived immunity on piglets' immune response and protection against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) after vaccination against PCV2 at different age.
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- Piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly with one DOSE (2 mL) of a commercial PCV2a-based subunit vaccine (Porcilis® PCV)
216. Vaccinating Italian infants with a new multicomponent vaccine (Bexsero®) against meningococcal B disease: A cost-effectiveness analysis.
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- In the basal scenarios, we considered a primary vaccination cycle with 4 DOSEs (at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months of age) and 1 booster DOSE at the age of 11 y, the societal perspective and no cost for death
217. Development of varicella vaccine in Japan and future prospects.
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- This vaccine was approved in Japan in 1986, and voluntary single-DOSE vaccination for children aged 1 year or older was started in 1987
- At the same time, a two-DOSE schedule was introduced that involved administration of the vaccine twice at an interval of at least 3 months up to the age of 3 years
- We also need to investigate the optimum timing of the second DOSE of the vaccine and the necessity for further booster vaccination
218. Immunogenicity and safety of subunit plague vaccine: A randomized phase 2a clinical trial.
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- 240 healthy adults aged 18-55 y were enrolled and randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1 to receive 2 DOSEs of 15 or 30 mcg vaccine at a 28-day interval between DOSEs
- 239 participants received the first DOSE at day 0 and 238 received the second DOSE at day 28
219. Novel nanocarrier for oral Hepatitis B vaccine.
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- This study suggests the efficacy of the current nanocarrier system for efficient antigen presentation disseminated in peripheral lymphoid tissues following oral administration with a prolonged antibody response, which can minimize the requirement of booster DOSE.
220. Evaluation of early immune response-survival relationship in cynomolgus macaques after Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed vaccination and Bacillus anthracis spore challenge.
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- The PEP schedule is 3 subcutaneous (SC) DOSEs (0, 14 and 28 days), in conjunction with a 60 day course of antimicrobials
- We determined the efficacy against inhalation anthrax in nonhuman primates (NHP) of the first two DOSEs of the PEP schedule by infectious challenge at the time scheduled for receipt of the third PEP DOSE (Day 28)
- NHP were exposed to Bacillus anthracis Ames spores on Day 28 (target DOSE 200 LD50 equivalents)
- We conclude that the first two DOSEs of the PEP schedule provide high levels of protection by the scheduled timing of the third DOSE
221. Cold chain and virus-free chloroplast-made booster vaccine to confer immunity against different poliovirus serotypes.
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- The WHO recommends complete withdrawal of oral polio vaccine (OPV) type 2 by April 2016 globally and replacing with at least one DOSE of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)
- To meet this critical need, a novel strategy of a low-cost cold chain-free plant-made viral protein 1 (VP1) subunit oral booster vaccine after single IPV DOSE is reported
- Neutralizing antibody titres (~3.17-10.17 log2 titre) and seropositivity (70-90%) against all three poliovirus Sabin serotypes were observed with two DOSEs of IPV and plant-cell oral boosters but single DOSE of IPV resulted in poor neutralization
222. Impact of enterovirus and other enteric pathogens on oral polio and rotavirus vaccine performance in Bangladeshi infants.
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- Campylobacter and enterovirus (EV) quantity at the time of administration of the first DOSE of OPV was associated with lower OPV1-2 serum neutralizing titers, while enterovirus quantity was also associated with diminished rotavirus IgA (-0.08 change in log titer per tenfold increase in quantity; P=0.037), failure to seroconvert (OR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64-0.96; P=0.022), and breakthrough rotavirus diarrhea (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.05-1.71; P=0.020) after adjusting for potential confounders
223. Immunogenicity of Virus Like Particle Forming Baculoviral DNA Vaccine against Pandemic Influenza H1N1.
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- As a result, AcHERV-VLP immunization produced a greater humoral immune response and exhibited neutralizing activity with an intrasubgroup H1 strain (PR8), elicited neutralizing antibody production, a high level of interferon-γ secretion in splenocytes, and diminished virus shedding in the lung after challenge with a lethal DOSE of influenza virus
224. Clinical Trial of an Oral Live Shigella sonnei Vaccine Candidate, WRSS1, in Thai Adults.
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- In a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind design, inpatient participants received a single oral DOSE of 1.6 × 10(4) CFU of WRSS1
- Two months following immunization, 10 vaccinees and 10 newly recruited naive controls received a challenge DOSE of 1,670 CFU of virulent S
- This DOSE had previously demonstrated a 75% attack rate for dysentery in Thai volunteers
- When these data are compared to those for the performance of this vaccine candidate in more naive populations, it is clear that a single oral DOSE of WRSS1 at 10(4) CFU failed to achieve its full potential in a population in which the organism is endemic
- Higher DOSEs and/or repeated immunizations may contribute to improved vaccine shedding and consequent elevation of protective immune responses in a population in which the organism is endemic
225. Efficacy of a Single-Dose, Inactivated Oral Cholera Vaccine in Bangladesh.
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- A single-DOSE regimen of the current killed oral cholera vaccines that have been prequalified by the World Health Organization would make them more attractive for use against endemic and epidemic cholera
- We conducted an efficacy trial of a single DOSE of the killed oral cholera vaccine Shanchol, which is currently given in a two-DOSE schedule, in an urban area in which cholera is highly endemic
- Nonpregnant residents of Dhaka, Bangladesh, who were 1 year of age or older were randomly assigned to receive a single DOSE of oral cholera vaccine or oral placebo
- A total of 101 episodes of cholera, 37 associated with severe dehydration, were detected among the 204,700 persons who received one DOSE of vaccine or placebo
- A single DOSE of the oral cholera vaccine was efficacious in older children (≥5 years of age) and in adults in a setting with a high level of cholera endemicity
226. Development of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines: A Review of Literature and Clinical Update.
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- Recently we have seen development of 2 DOSE vaccine schedule for adolescent, and emerging evidences even point that single DOSE of HPV vaccines can result in high efficacy, this observation is currently under consideration but if accepted will greatly impact vaccination coverage
227. Are we following the guidelines on non-muscle invasive bladder cancer?
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- Low risk cancer: Only 35 urologists (7.5%) apply the single intravesical DOSE of immediate chemotherapy with Mitomicin C recommended by the above guidelines
- BCG DOSE raised a lot of discrepancies
- Induction DOSEs of 40, 80 and 120mg were referred by 105 (22%), 193 (40.4%) and 54 (11.3%) respectively
- Maintenance DOSEs of 40, 80 and 120mg were referred by 190 (48.7%), 144 (37.0%) and 32 (8.2%) urologists, respectively
228. Efficacy of the MAGE-A3 cancer immunotherapeutic as adjuvant therapy in patients with resected MAGE-A3-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (MAGRIT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
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- The final analyses included the total treated population (all patients who had received at least one treatment DOSE)
229. Safety and early onset of immunity with a novel European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine in young piglets.
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- In 2 experiments, groups of piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly (IM) at approximately 14 d of age with a maximum-range commercial DOSE, an overDOSE, or a placebo in experiment 1 and either a minimum-range commercial DOSE or a placebo in experiment 2
230. Comparison of 2 commercial single-dose Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines on pigs dually infected with M. hyopneumoniae and PRRSV.
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- The present study demonstrated that the single-DOSE vaccination regimen for M
231. Varicella-zoster virus: pathogenesis, incidence patterns and vaccination programs.
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- The use of several millions of DOSEs has demonstrated the excellent safety and efficacy level of varicella vaccines as well as of combined MMRV vaccines
- Universal vaccination adopted in many countries with a two-DOSE strategy has allowed to significantly reducing morbidity and mortality of this infectious disease
- Anyway, an ample international debate is ongoing on the time range to be used between the two DOSEs, and on the safety issues related to the use as first-DOSE of MMRV vaccine
232. Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of a Human Rotavirus Vaccine RIX4414 in Singaporean Infants.
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- This was the first study conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 2 oral DOSEs of the human rotavirus vaccine, RIX4414 in Singaporean infants during the first 3 years of life
- Healthy infants, 11 to 17 weeks of age were enrolled in this randomised (1:1), double-blinded, placebo-controlled study to receive 2 oral DOSEs of RIX4414 vaccine/placebo following a 0-, 1-month schedule
- Vaccine efficacy against severe rotavirus (RV) gastroenteritis (Vesikari score ≥11) caused by wild-type RV strains from a period starting from 2 weeks post-DOSE 2 until 2 and 3 years of age was calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI)
- One to 2 months post-DOSE 2 of RIX4414, 97.5% (95% CI, 86.8 to 99.9) of infants seroconverted for anti-RV IgA antibodies
- The number of serious adverse events recorded from DOSE 1 until 3 years of age was similar in both groups
- Two oral DOSEs of RIX4414 vaccine was immunogenic and provided high level of protection against severe RV gastroenteritis in Singaporean children, during the first 3 years of life when the disease burden is highest.
233. A single injection of anti-HIV-1 antibodies protects against repeated SHIV challenges.
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- Although passive transfer of anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies can protect mice or macaques against a single high-DOSE challenge with HIV or simian/human (SIV/HIV) chimaeric viruses (SHIVs) respectively, the long-term efficacy of a passive antibody transfer approach for HIV-1 has not been examined
- Here we show, on the basis of the relatively long-term protection conferred by hepatitis A immune globulin, the efficacy of a single injection (20 mg kg(-1)) of four anti-HIV-1-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (VRC01, VRC01-LS, 3BNC117, and 10-1074 (refs 9 - 12)) in blocking repeated weekly low-DOSE virus challenges of the clade B SHIVAD8
234. Impact of partial bivalent HPV vaccination on vaccine-type infection: a population-based analysis.
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- Data on the effectiveness of one DOSE of HPV vaccine are lacking, particularly in population-based settings
- Data from a national HPV immunisation catch-up programme of 14-18-year-old girls were used to assess the effectiveness of<3 DOSEs of the bivalent vaccine on vaccine-type and cross-reactive-type HPV infection
- Cervical samples from women attending for their first cervical smear, which had been genotyped for HPV as part of a longitudinal HPV surveillance programme were linked to immunisation records to establish the number of vaccine DOSEs (0, 1, 2 and 3) administered
- Vaccine effectiveness (VE) adjusted for deprivation and age at first DOSE, was assessed for prevalent HPV 16/18 and HPV 31/33/45 infection
- VE for prevalent HPV 16/18 infection associated with 1, 2 and 3 DOSEs was 48.2% (95% CI 16.8, 68.9), 54.8% (95% CI 30.7, 70.8) and 72.8% (95% CI 62.8, 80.3)
- Consistent with recent aggregated trial data, we demonstrate the potential effectiveness of even one DOSE of HPV vaccine on vaccine-type infection
- Further population-based studies which look at the clinical efficacy of one-DOSE schedules are warranted.
235. Model-based genotype-phenotype mapping used to investigate gene signatures of immune sensitivity and resistance in melanoma micrometastasis.
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- Finally, we computationally explored the efficacy of cytokines used as low-DOSE co-adjuvants for the therapeutic anticancer vaccine to overcome tumor immunoresistance.
236. Cost-effectiveness and programmatic benefits of maternal vaccination against pertussis in England.
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- The annual costs of the programme are £7.3 million assuming a price of £10 per DOSE and £9.4 million assuming £15 per DOSE
- Using discounting of 3.5%, a 200 year time horizon and a price of £10 per DOSE (+£7.5 administration costs) only 25% of the iterations were below £30,000 per QALY
- The direct protection offered by the maternal DOSE provides the only certain way of protecting vulnerable infants from birth.
237. Cost-utility analysis of a nationwide vaccination programme against serogroup B meningococcal disease in Israel.
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- Based on vaccine price of $60 per DOSE, total intervention costs ($315,400,000) are partially offset by a $22,700,000 reduction in treatment and sequelae costs as a result of decreased morbidity
- Additional two DOSE catch-up programmes vaccinating children in cohorts aged 1-2 to 1-13 were also not cost-effective
- The vaccination will become cost-effective if vaccine costs fall below $19.44 per DOSE
238. A phase 1a, first-in-human, randomized study of a respiratory syncytial virus F protein vaccine with and without a toll-like receptor-4 agonist and stable emulsion adjuvant.
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- In this double-blind phase 1 study, subjects 60 years of age and older were enrolled by cohort and randomized to receive vaccines containing escalating DOSEs (20, 50, or 80μg) of soluble RSV fusion protein (sF) alone or adjuvanted with 2.5μg of glucopyranosyl lipid A, a toll-like receptor-4 agonist, in 2% stable emulsion (GLA-SE)
- At all DOSEs, the safety profile was acceptable for further development
- Immune responses were antigen DOSE-dependent, and the inclusion of adjuvant increased both humoral and cellular immune responses, with responses statistically higher than for placebo recipients in all 4 assays
239. Associations between prior HPV4 vaccine doses and cervical cancer screening participation.
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- This study evaluated associations between prior HPV vaccine DOSEs and initiation and continued participation of screening by age at vaccination
- Screening rates were higher after vaccination: unvaccinated (53%), first (62%), second (59%) or third (61%) DOSEs
- Women receiving one DOSE were more likely than unvaccinated women to initiate screening (HR=2.98 95% Confidence Interval (CI):2.45-3.61) and were more likely to screen than those receiving two (1 vs
- 2, HR=2.94 95% CI:2.09-4.14) or three DOSEs (1 vs
- Compared to unvaccinated women, women <21y who completed 3-DOSEs were 1.8-times more likely to screen at ≥21y, whereas vaccinated women ≥21y were more likely to screen regardless of number of DOSEs (p<0.0001)
- Women who were vaccinated were more likely to screen than unvaccinated women; screening rate was highest after and occurred closest to the first vaccine DOSE
- Research evaluating the efficacy of a one-DOSE vaccine is warranted and may provide both higher vaccination and screening rates.
240. A Randomized Study Comparing the Efficacy of Three Hepatitis B Vaccine Induction Regimens in Adult Patients with Hematological Malignancies.
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- In the standard-DOSE (SD) group, total vaccine DOSE delivered was 40 µg and patients were vaccinated with 20 µg at weeks 0 and 4
- In the high-DOSE DOSE-intensive (HDDI) group, total vaccine DOSE delivered was 80 µg and patients were vaccinated with 40 µg at weeks 0 and 4
- In the high-DOSE time-intensive (HDTI) group, total vaccine DOSE delivered was 80 µg and patients were vaccinated with 20 µg at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6
- Therefore, this study supports a high-DOSE, time-intensive HBV vaccine induction regimen in patients with hematological malignancies who are not on chemotherapy.
241. National- and state-level impact and cost-effectiveness of nonavalent HPV vaccination in the United States.
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- At the national level, the nonavalent vaccine was shown to be cost-effective compared with the bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines at any coverage despite the greater per-DOSE cost of the new vaccine
242. Identification of an OmpW homologue in Burkholderia pseudomallei, a protective vaccine antigen against melioidosis.
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- Furthermore C57BL/6 mice were protected for up to 80 days against a lethal DOSE of B
243. Development of Engineered T Cells Expressing a Chimeric CD16-CD3ζ Receptor to Improve the Clinical Efficacy of Mogamulizumab Therapy Against Adult T-Cell Leukemia.
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- Subsequently, we examined the ADCC effect mediated by those cCD16ζ-T cells in the presence of Mog against ATL tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo cCD16ζ-T cells derived from healthy donors killed in vitro Mog-opsonized ATL cell line cells (n = 7) and primary ATL cells (n = 4) depending on both the number of effector cells and the DOSE of the antibody
244. Cost-effectiveness of next-generation vaccines: The case of pertussis.
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- The MCPI estimates the per-DOSE price increase that would maintain the cost-effectiveness of pertussis vaccination
- As an upper bound, we found that a next-generation vaccine which could achieve perfect efficacy for the childhood series would permit an MCPI of $18 per DOSE (95% CI: $12-$31)
- Pertussis vaccine improvements that extend the duration of protection to an average of 75 years would allow for an MCPI of $22 per DOSE for the childhood series (CI: $10-$33) or $12 for the adult booster (CI: $4-$18)
- Combining improvements in both efficacy and duration, a childhood series with perfect efficacy and average duration of 75 years would permit an MCPI of $39 per DOSE, the highest of any scenario evaluated
245. Projected economic evaluation of the national implementation of a hypothetical HIV vaccination program among adolescents in South Africa, 2012.
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- The base-case HIV vaccine modelled cost at US$ 12 per DOSE; vaccine efficacy of 50 %; duration of protection of 10 years achieved at a coverage rate of 60 % and required annual boosters
246. High-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis B virus-DNA/hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients after living donor liver transplantation.
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- To investigate the impact of high-DOSE hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence and overall survival after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT)
- After assessing whether the patients met the Milan criteria, they were assigned to the low-DOSE HBIG group and high-DOSE HBIG group
- For each pair, HCC recurrence, HBV recurrence and overall survival were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log rank test according to the HBIG DOSE
- Among those who met the Milan criteria, the 6-mo, 1-year, and 3-year HCC recurrence-free survival rates were 88.9%, 83.2%, and 83.2% in the low-DOSE HBIG group and 97.2%, 97.2%, and 97.2% in the high-DOSE HBIG group, respectively (P = 0.042)
- In contrast, among those who did not meet the Milan criteria, HCC recurrence did not differ according to the HBIG DOSE (P = 0.937)
- Moreover, HBV recurrence and overall survival did not differ according to the HBIG DOSE among those who met (P = 0.317 and 0.190, respectively) and did not meet (P = 0.350 and 0.987, respectively) the Milan criteria
- High-DOSE HBIG therapy can reduce HCC recurrence in HBV-DNA/HBeAg-positive patients after LDLT.
247. Approach to the Discovery, Development, and Evaluation of a Novel Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B Vaccine.
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- Initial clinical studies (Phase 1 and 2) subsequently provided data to support (1) safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine formulation, and (2) the DOSE and schedule
248. Acute systemic DNA damage in youth does not impair immune defense with aging.
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- Even the mice that received the highest DOSE of sublethal WBI in youth (4 Gy) exhibited equilibrated lymphocyte homeostasis, robust T- and B-cell responses to live attenuated West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine and full survival following vaccination upon lethal WNV challenge
- Therefore, a single DOSE of nonlethal WBI in youth, resulting in widespread DNA damage and repopulation stress in hematopoietic cells, leaves no significant trace of increased immune aging in a lethal vaccine challenge model.
249. Structure-based design of peptides against HER2 with cytotoxicity on colon cancer.
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250. Well-tolerated Spirulina extract inhibits influenza virus replication and reduces virus-induced mortality.
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- Anti-viral effects have previously been reported for extracts and specific substances derived from Spirulina, and here we show that this Spirulina cold water extract has low cellular toxicity, and is well-tolerated in animal models at one DOSE as high as 5,000 mg/kg, or 3,000 mg/kg/day for 14 successive days
251. Antitumor Effect of IP-10 by Using Two Different Approaches: Live Delivery System and Gene Therapy.
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- tarentolae-(IP-10-EGFP) live delivery system requires DOSE modifications to achieve efficacy in the applied regimen (six injections in 3 weeks)
252. Effectiveness of Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine Under Conditions of Routine Use in Rwanda.
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- A full 3-DOSE series was 75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31%-91%) effective against rotavirus gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization or a health center visit and was 65% (95% CI, -80% to 93%) in children 6-11 months of age and 81% (95% CI, 25%-95%) in children ≥12 months of age
253. Impact and Effectiveness of Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Against Severe Rotavirus Diarrhea in Ghana.
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- Vaccine coverage ranged from 95% to 100% for DOSE 1 and 93% to 100% for DOSE 2
- With high vaccine coverage, it was not possible to arrive at robust VE estimates; any-DOSE VE against rotavirus hospitalization was estimated at 60% (95% CI, -2% to 84%;P= .056)
254. A Preliminary Assessment of Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness in Zambia.
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- We computed the odds of having received at least 1 DOSE of Rotarix among children whose stool was positive for rotavirus antigen (cases) and children whose stool was negative (controls)
- Against rotavirus diarrhea of all severity, the adjusted 2-DOSE VE was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], -30% to 58%) among children ≥6 months of age
255. Effectiveness of Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine After Programmatic Implementation in Botswana: A Multisite Prospective Case-Control Study.
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- Among 242 case patients and 368 controls, 82% (199/242) and 92% (339/368), respectively, had received ≥1 DOSEs of RV1
- Effectiveness of a full series (2 DOSEs) of RV1 against rotavirus diarrhea requiring hospitalization was 54% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-73%); 1 DOSE of RV1 was 48% (95% CI, 1%-72%) effective
- However, the effectiveness of 2 RV1 DOSEs was significantly higher in children with no undernutrition (VE, 75% [95% CI, 41%-89%]), compared to those with moderate or severe undernutrition (VE, -28% [95% CI, -309% to 60%]) (P= .02)
256. Effectiveness of Monovalent and Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccines in Guatemala.
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- We assessed vaccine effectiveness against rotavirus in Guatemala, where both the monovalent (RV1; 2-DOSE series) and pentavalent (RV5; 3-DOSE series) vaccines were introduced in 2010
- Effectiveness of 2-3 DOSEs of a rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus requiring emergency department visit or hospitalization was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58%-84%) with hospital controls, and 52% (95% CI, 26%-69%) with test-negative controls
257. Herpes Zoster Vaccine Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients on Low-dose Immunosuppression.
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- Although the Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that low-DOSE immunosuppression is not a contraindication, few IBD patients on these medications are receiving HZV
- Group A consisted of 14 patients on low-DOSE immunomodulators and group B consisted of 25 patients either on 5-aminosalicylic acid or no IBD therapy
- IBD patients on low-DOSE immunosuppressive therapy have a blunted immune response to HZV as compared with nonimmunosuppressed subjects
258. Estimating the public health importance of the CYD-tetravalent dengue vaccine: Vaccine preventable disease incidence and numbers needed to vaccinate.
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- In the Asian-Pacific trial, in the first 25 months after the first DOSE of the dengue vaccine, CYD-TDV prevented annually 2639 cases of virologically confirmed dengue for every 100,000 persons vaccinated, for an NNV of 18
259. Protective effect of vaccination against mumps complications, Czech Republic, 2007-2012.
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- In the Czech Republic, two-DOSE immunization against mumps achieves 98% coverage
- Two DOSEs of vaccine received by 81.8% cases significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization: ORa 0.29 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.35)
- Two DOSEs showed statistically significant VEa 64% (95% CI: 46, 79) for meningitis, 93% (95% CI: 66, 98) for encephalitis in all cases, and 72% (95% CI: 64, 78) for orchitis in males
- Among 7850 two-DOSE recipients, the rate of complications rose from below 1 to 16% in categories up to 6 years and 24 and more years after the second DOSE, respectively
- This study demonstrates a significant preventive effect of two-DOSE vaccination against mumps complications (orchitis, meningitis, or encephalitis) and hospitalization for mumps
260. A rabies vaccine adjuvanted with saponins from leaves of the soap tree (Quillaja brasiliensis) induces specific immune responses and protects against lethal challenge.
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- Mice were vaccinated with one or two DOSEs (on days 0 and 14) of one of the different vaccines and serum levels of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a were quantified over time
- A challenge experiment with a lethal DOSE of rabies virus was carried out with the formulations
- Overall, one or two DOSEs of saponin-based vaccine were efficient to protect against the lethal rabies exposure
261. Low-dose oral interferon modulates expression of inflammatory and autoimmune genes in cattle.
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- In this proof-of-concept study, different (0, 50, 200 and 800 units) oral DOSEs of natural bovine IFN (type I) were tested in cattle to determine if oral IFN altered the expression of genes that may be pivotal to the development of systemic resistance to viral infections such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
262. Assessment of the role of international travel and unauthorized immigration on measles importation to the United States.
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- Five of these countries (10,958,000 US resident trips) had average first-DOSE measles vaccine coverage below 90%, and five (9,881,000 US resident trips) had average measles incidence over 1 case/100,000 population
- Two of the 10 top US-bound international travellers' home countries (5,597,259 international visitors) had average first-DOSE measles vaccine coverage below 90%, whereas five (13,333,545 international visitors) had average annual measles incidence over 1 case/100,000 population)
- Four of those countries had average first-DOSE measles vaccine coverage below 90% (1.3 million unauthorized immigrants), whereas three of these countries had average measles incidence over 1 case/100,000 population (950,000 unauthorized immigrants)
263. Preventive vaccination against cervical cancer: Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology Guideline.
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- We searched and reviewed the literatures focused on the efficacy of 2-DOSE schedule vaccination, the efficacy of 3-DOSE schedule vaccination in middle-aged women, the ideal age of 3-DOSE schedule vaccination, the safety of HPV preventive vaccine, and the ability of cross-protection of each HPV preventive vaccine
264. Fibronectin EDA and CpG synergize to enhance antigen-specific Th1 and cytotoxic responses.
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- Here we show that the endogenous (i.e., autologous) non-toxic TLR4 agonist extra domain A type III repeat of fibronectin (FNIII EDA) can synergize with the exogenous (i.e., bacterial), toxic-at-high-DOSE, TLR9 agonist CpG to induce efficient cellular immune responses while keeping the DOSE of CpG low
- The efficacy of the combined TLR agonists, even at half-DOSEs, led to stronger dendritic cell activation, enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation as well as stronger humoral response, compared to the individual agonists given at full DOSEs
265. Protective immunity spectrum induced by immunization with a vaccine from the TBEV strain Sofjin.
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- We showed that after a course of two immunizations, factors such as the period between vaccinations (1-4 weeks), the challenging virus DOSE (30-1000 LD50) and terms of challenge (1-4 weeks after the last immunization) did not significantly affect the assessment of protective efficacy of the vaccine in vivo
266. Construction and Immunogenicity of Recombinant Swinepox Virus Expressing Outer Membrane Protein L of Salmonella.
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- After intraperitoneal challenge with a lethal DOSE of Salmonella typhimurium CVCC542, eight out of ten mice in the rSPV-OmpLvaccinated group were protected, whereas all the mice in the negative control and challenge control groups died within 3 days
267. Influence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Glycoprotein Conformation on Induction of Protective Immune Responses.
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- Hence, BALB/c mice were immunized with a single DOSE of the three proteins adjuvanted with CpG and challenged 4 weeks later with virus
- Antibodies induced by all DOSEs of prefusion F, in contrast to other F protein forms, reacted predominantly with the prefusion F conformation
- At high DOSEs, prefusion F also induced the highest titers of neutralizing antibodies, and all mice were protected, yet at low DOSEs of the immunogen, these antibodies neutralized virus poorly, and mice were not protected
268. Superior Efficacy of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Combined with Antiretroviral Prevention in Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Challenged Nonhuman Primates.
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- The vaccine alone provided no protection from infection following 12 consecutive low-DOSE intravaginal challenges with simian-HIV strain SF162P3, with more animals infected compared to naive controls
269. MEASLES IN VACCINATED CHILDREN 1.5 TO 3 YEARS OF AGE IN RURAL COMMUNITY OF DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN.
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- One hundred and ninety-two (49.8%) children were vaccinated both at 9 and 15 months, and 14 (7.29%) dual vaccinated children had a measles history, 9 among them (4.68%) were infected after taking both measles DOSEs
- The occurrence of measles among vaccinated children and low coverage rate of second DOSE of measles vaccine raises many questions about vaccination program and its efficacy
270. Epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of introducing vaccination against serogroup B meningococcal disease in France.
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- Five vaccination strategies were evaluated: infants at 3, 5, 6 and 13 months, toddlers at 13, 15 and 27 months and adolescents at 15 years provided 2 DOSEs one month apart
- A booster DOSE at 15 years old and a catch-up for 15 years old subjects during the first 15 years of the programme were added to the infant and toddler strategies
- In the base-case analysis without herd immunity and with all cohorts vaccinated, at € 40 per vaccine DOSE, routine infant vaccination would provide the lowest cost per QALY gained (€ 380,973) despite only preventing 18% of cases
271. Single-dose Live Oral Cholera Vaccine CVD 103-HgR Protects Against Human Experimental Infection With Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor.
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- Cholera vaccines available in other countries require 2 spaced DOSEs
- A single-DOSE cholera vaccine that can rapidly protect short-notice travelers to high-risk areas and help control explosive outbreaks where logistics render 2-DOSE immunization regimens impractical would be a major advance.PXVX0200, based on live attenuated Vibrio cholerae O1 classical Inaba vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR, elicits seroconversion of vibriocidal antibodies (a correlate of protection) within 10 days of a single oral DOSE
- Consenting healthy adult volunteers, 18-45 years old, were randomly allocated 1:1 to receive 1 oral DOSE of vaccine (approximately 5 × 10(8) colony-forming units [CFU]) or placebo in double-blind fashion
- The significant vaccine efficacy documented 10 days and 3 months after 1 oral DOSE of PXVX0200 supports further development as a single-DOSE cholera vaccine
272. Progress and challenges associated with the development of ricin toxin subunit vaccines.
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- The past several years have seen major advances in the development of a safe and efficacious ricin toxin vaccine, including the completion of two Phase I clinical trials with two different recombinant A subunit (RTA)-based vaccines: RiVax™ and RVEc™ adsorbed to aluminum salt adjuvant, as well as a non-human primate study demonstrating that parenteral immunization with RiVax elicits a serum antibody response that was sufficient to protect against a lethal DOSE aerosolized ricin exposure
273. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with etanercept.
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- All subjects were vaccinated with a single DOSE (0.5ml) of the PCV13
274. A plant-derived quadrivalent virus like particle influenza vaccine induces cross-reactive antibody and T cell response in healthy adults.
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- In a phase 1-2 clinical trial, healthy adults received one intramuscular DOSE of a seasonal influenza plant-based quadrivalent virus-like particle (QVLP) vaccine or placebo
- The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers met all the European licensure criteria for the type A influenza strains at the 3μg/strain DOSE and for all four strains at the higher dosages 21days after immunization
275. Phase I study with ONCOS-102 for the treatment of solid tumors - an evaluation of clinical response and exploratory analyses of immune markers.
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- The objectives of the study were to determine the optimal DOSE for further use and to assess the safety, tolerability and adverse event (AE) profile of ONCOS-102
- The study was conducted using a classic 3 + 3 DOSE escalation study design involving 12 patients
- Patients were repeatedly treated intratumorally with ONCOS-102 plus daily low-DOSE oral cyclophosphamide (CPO)
- No DOSE limiting toxicity (DLT) or maximum tolerated DOSE (MTD) was identified for ONCOS-102
- ONCOS-102 is safe and well tolerated at the tested DOSEs
- All three examined DOSEs may be used in further development
276. Immunodynamics: a cancer immunotherapy trials network review of immune monitoring in immuno-oncology clinical trials.
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- Specifically, systemic and intratumoral immune effects have not consistently correlated with standard relationships between systemic DOSE, toxicity, and efficacy for cytotoxic therapies
- Hence, PK and PD paradigms remain inadequate to guide the selection of DOSEs and schedules, both starting and recommended Phase 2 for immunotherapies
277. Replication-defective lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus vectors expressing guinea pig cytomegalovirus gB and pp65 homologs are protective against congenital guinea pig cytomegalovirus infection.
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- The vaccines were administered three times IM at 1.54 × 10(6)FFU per DOSE at 21-day intervals
278. Use of allicin as feed additive to enhance vaccination capacity of Clostridium perfringens toxoid in rabbits.
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- perfringens toxoid at zero time and then with a booster DOSE at the 3rd week of the experimental period
- perfringens toxoid at the zero time then with a booster DOSE at the 3rd week of the experiment period, and treated with allicin 20% from the zero time till the end of the experiment
279. Safety and efficacy of tuberculin skin testing with microneedle MicronJet600™ in healthy adults.
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280. A cationic liposome-DNA complexes adjuvant (JVRS-100) enhances the immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy of pre-pandemic influenza A (H5N1) vaccine in ferrets.
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- Following a second DOSE of adjuvanted vaccine, HAI antibody titers of ≥ 40 were detected against viruses from multiple H5N1 clades
- All ferrets that received two DOSEs of adjuvanted vaccine exhibited mild illness, significantly reduced nasal wash virus titers and protection from lethal challenge
281. The measles outbreak in Bulgaria, 2009-2011: An epidemiological assessment and lessons learnt.
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- Of children 1-14 years old, 22% (n = 1,769) were unvaccinated and 70% (n = 5,518) had received one DOSE of a measles-containing vaccine
282. Household survey analysis of the impact of comprehensive strategies to improve the expanded programme on immunisation at the county level in western China, 2006-2010.
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- Timely coverage of four routine vaccines increased by 21% (p<0.001) and hepatitis B (HepB) birth DOSE by 35% (p<0.001) over baseline in project counties
283. Individualized conditioning regimes in cord blood transplantation: Towards improved and predictable safety and efficacy.
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- Individualized dosing takes inter-patient differences in PK into account, tailoring drug DOSE for each individual patient in order to reach optimal exposure
- DOSE individualization may result in a better predictable regimen in terms of safety and efficacy, including timely T cell reconstitution, which may result in improved survival chances
284. Evaluation of the Intussusception Risk after Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccination in Finnish Infants.
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- By the end of 2013, it is estimated that 719 000 rotavirus vaccine DOSEs have been given in the national programme of which 240 000 were first DOSEs
- We identified 22 verified cases with date of admission less than 43 days after any of the three rotavirus vaccine DOSEs
- The incidence of IS in the risk period after the 1st DOSE relative to the control period was 2.0 (95% CI 0.5-8.4; p = 0.34.) Number of excess IS cases per 100 000 first vaccine DOSEs was therefore estimated to be 1.04 (95% CI 0.0-2.5), i.e
- one additional IS case per 96 000 first DOSEs of rotavirus vaccine (95% CI 54 600 to ∞)
- There was no risk detected after 2nd and 3rd DOSEs
285. Influenza Vaccination Reduces Dementia Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
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- Regardless of comorbidities or drug use, influenza vaccination was an independent protective factor and DOSE-dependently reduced the risk of dementia in CKD patients
- Influenza vaccination exerts DOSE-response and synergistic protective effects against dementia in CKD patients with dementia risk factors by reducing the incidence of dementia.
286. Maternal Immunization With an Investigational Trivalent Group B Streptococcal Vaccine: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
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- Secondary outcomes included measurement of serotype-specific antibodies at screening, 30 days postvaccination, at delivery, and 91 days postpartum, infant antibody levels at 3 months of age, the potential effect on routine infant diphtheria vaccination at 1 month after the third infant series DOSE, and safety in mother and infant participants through at least 5 months postpartum
287. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell sensitivity to Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocyte-mediated killing is increased by zoledronate.
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288. Adolescents' intention and self-efficacy to follow Pap testing recommendations after receiving the HPV vaccine.
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- Women 13-21 y of age (N = 339) receiving their first HPV vaccine DOSE completed a survey
289. Less than 3 doses of the HPV vaccine - Review of efficacy against virological and disease end points.
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- World Health Organization (WHO) recommended 2 DOSEs of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for girls below 15 y on the basis of the immune-bridging studies demonstrating non-inferior immune response of 2 DOSEs in the adolescent girls compared to 3 DOSEs in the young adult women in whom the efficacy against disease is established
- The biological nature of the antigens (virus-like particles) constituting the HPV vaccine is responsible for the vigorous antibody response that may make the third DOSE redundant
- The protection offered by 2 DOSEs has been demonstrated in non-randomized clinical trials to be comparable to that offered by 3 DOSEs against incident and persistent infections of vaccine targeted HPV types
- However, results emerging from the ecological and nested case-control studies embedded in the population based screening programs of different countries indicate reduced efficacy of 2 DOSEs against virological and disease end points
- Some recent studies observed the protective effect of single DOSE of the vaccine against incident and persistent infections of the vaccine targeted HPV types to be similar to 3 DOSEs in spite of immunological inferiority
- Longer follow ups of the less than 3 DOSEs cohorts in the ongoing studies as well as appropriately designed and ethically justifiable randomized studies are needed to establish the protection offered by the alternative schedules at least beyond 10 y of vaccination.
290. Immunogenicity and safety of quadrivalent human papillomavirus types 6/11/16/18 recombinant vaccine in chronic kidney disease stage IV, V and VD.
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- Clinical studies have shown the efficacy of three DOSEs of quadrivalent HPV-6/11/16/18 L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccination, at Day 0, Month 2 and Month 6, to lower the occurrence of HPV infection and its complications
- A DOSE of vaccine was given at Day 0, Month 2 and Month 6
- Each DOSE contained 20 μg HPV-6 L1 VLP, 40 μg HPV-11 L1 VLP, 40 μg HPV-16 L1 VLP and 20 μg HPV-18 L1 VLP, along with 225 μg of amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate adjuvant
- Patients who received three DOSEs of vaccine had 98.2, 100, 100 and 98.2% seropositivity for genotypes 6/11/16/18, respectively
291. Quantitative Detection of the Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O 146S Antigen for Vaccine Production Using a Double-Antibody Sandwich ELISA and Nonlinear Standard Curves.
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- But it still needs to be prospectively validated by analyzing a new vaccine preparation and determining the proper protective DOSE followed by an in vivo vaccination-challenge study to confirm the ELISA findings.
292. Effect of tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine on immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in healthy individuals with insufficient immune response.
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- The control group received 40 μg of recombinant HBV vaccines intramuscularly injected at 0, 1, and 6 months; however, the intervention group was simultaneously vaccinated by Td with the first DOSE of HBV vaccine
293. Sci-B-VacTM Vs ENGERIX-B Vaccines for Hepatitis B Virus in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Randomised Controlled Trial.
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- The vaccines were administered in three DOSEs at 0, 1, and 6 months
- The primary endpoint was defined as the titre of anti-hepatitis B S [HBs] antibodies following the standard three-DOSE hepatitis B virus vaccination schedule
294. Effect of vaccination age on cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination against cervical cancer in China.
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- This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a 3-DOSE bivalent HPV vaccination at ages 12 to 55 year in both rural and urban settings in China
295. Phase 1/2a Trial of Plasmodium vivax Malaria Vaccine Candidate VMP001/AS01B in Malaria-Naive Adults: Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy.
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- We conducted a first-in-human Phase 1 DOSE escalation vaccine study with controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) of VMP001 formulated in the GSK Adjuvant System AS01B
296. [A cost-effectiveness analysis on universal infant rotavirus vaccination strategy in China].
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- From the perspective of health economics, both two-DOSE Rotarix vaccine and three-DOSE' s Rotateq vaccine programs were highly cost-effective, when compared to the non-vaccination program
- Rotateq vaccine required one more DOSE than the Rotarix vaccine, to be effective
297. Cost-Effectiveness of Vaccinating Immunocompetent ≥65 Year Olds with the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in England.
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- The associated cost-effectiveness ratio is £257,771 per QALY gained (using list price of £49.10 per DOSE and £7.51 administration costs) and is therefore considered not cost-effective
- To obtain a cost-effective programme the price per DOSE would need to be negative
298. Poor Long-Term Efficacy of Prevnar-13 in Sickle Cell Disease Mice Is Associated with an Inability to Sustain Pneumococcal-Specific Antibody Titers.
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- However, after three intramuscular polysaccharide-conjugate vaccinations, all control mice were protected following high-DOSE intranasal infection, whereas 60% of SCD mice died
299. Effect of Previous-Year Vaccination on the Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of High-Dose Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults.
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- High-DOSE inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV-HD) is an alternative to the standard-DOSE inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV-SD) in the United States for influenza prevention in older adults
300. Complete Influenza Vaccination Trends for Children Six to Twenty-Three Months.
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- Depending on a child's age and previous influenza vaccination history, they are recommended to receive either 1 DOSE or 2 DOSEs of influenza vaccine to be considered fully vaccinated against influenza for the season
- We compared estimates of full (complete) influenza vaccination coverage of children 6 to 23 months across 10 consecutive influenza seasons (2002-2012), by race/ethnicity, age group, and by number of DOSEs required to be fully vaccinated given child's vaccination history
- For all 10 influenza seasons, full influenza vaccination coverage was higher among children requiring only 1 DOSE compared with those requiring 2 DOSEs
301. A cluster randomized controlled trial comparing relative effectiveness of two licensed influenza vaccines in US nursing homes: Design and rationale.
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- Four-fold higher vaccine antigen (high-DOSE) than in the standard adult vaccine (standard-DOSE) elicits higher serum antibody levels and antibody response in ambulatory elderly
- To describe the design considerations of a large clinical trial of high-DOSE compared to standard-DOSE influenza vaccine in nursing homes and baseline characteristics of participating nursing homes and long-stay (more than 90 days) residents over 65 years of age
- The high-DOSE influenza vaccine intervention trial is multifacility, cluster randomized controlled trial with a 2×2 factorial design that compares hospitalization rates, mortality, and functional decline among long-stay nursing home residents in facilities randomized to receive high-DOSE versus standard-DOSE influenza vaccine and also randomized with or without free staff vaccines provided by study organizers
- Between February and September 2013, the high-DOSE influenza vaccine trial recruited and randomized 823 nursing homes
- This high-DOSE influenza vaccine trial uniquely offers a paradigm for future studies of clinical and programmatic interventions within the framework of efforts designed to test the impact of changes in usual treatment practices adopted by health care systems
302. Immunoprotective Efficacy of Acinetobacter baumannii Outer Membrane Protein, FilF, Predicted In silico as a Potential Vaccine Candidate.
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- Immunization with FilF generated high antibody titer (>64,000) and provided 50% protection against a standardized lethal DOSE (10(8) CFU) of A
303. Venom conjugated polylactide applied as biocompatible material for passive and active immunotherapy against scorpion envenomation.
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- Residual toxicities are evaluated following injections of PLA-containing high DOSEs of AahG50 (or BotG50)
- Six months later, immunized mice are challenged subcutaneously with increased DOSEs of AahG50
- Subcutaneous lethal DOSE 50 (LD50) of AahG50 and BotG50 is of 575 μg/kg and 1300 μg/kg respectively
- Alhydrogel and Freund are not able to detoxify such a high DOSE
- Animals immunized with AahG50/PLA are protected against AahG50 injected DOSE of 3162 μg/kg as opposed all non-immunized mice died at this DOSE
304. Cost-effectiveness analysis of universal maternal immunization with tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in Brazil.
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- Economic evaluation using a decision tree model comparing two strategies: (1) universal vaccination with one DOSE of Tdap in the third trimester of pregnancy and (2) current practice (no pertussis maternal vaccination), from the perspective of the health system and society
- Maternal vaccination of one annual cohort, with vaccine effectiveness of 78%, and vaccine cost of USD$12.39 per DOSE, would avoid 661 cases and 24 infant deaths of pertussis, save 1800 years of life and cost USD$28,942,808 and USD$29,002,947, respectively, from the health system and societal perspective
305. The oral cholera vaccine Shanchol™ when stored at elevated temperatures maintains the safety and immunogenicity profile in Bangladeshi participants.
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- Four groups of healthy adult participants received two DOSEs of Shanchol™, kept under standard storage temperature (Group A; 2-8°C) or at elevated temperatures (Group B, 25°C; Group C, 37°C; Group D, 42°C) for 14 days, respectively
- Vibriocidal antibody responses were observed in all groups after each DOSE of vaccine at day 7 and 21 compared to pre-immune levels (P<0.001)
306. Factors influencing completion of multi-dose vaccine schedules in adolescents: a systematic review.
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- Completion of multiple DOSE vaccine schedules is crucial to ensure a protective immune response, and maximise vaccine cost-effectiveness
- This study identifies and summarises the literature on factors affecting completion of multi-DOSE vaccine schedules by adolescents
- Studies with analysis of factors predicting completion of multi-DOSE vaccines were included
- The defined outcome was completion of the vaccine series within 1 year among those who received the first DOSE
307. A Systematic Approach towards Optimizing a Cohabitation Challenge Model for Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.).
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- The challenge DOSE was estimated at 1x10(7) TCID50/mL per fish while the proportion of virus shedders was estimated at 12.5% of the total number of fish per tank
308. A phase I/IIa clinical trial in stage IV melanoma of an autologous tumor-dendritic cell fusion (dendritoma) vaccine with low dose interleukin-2.
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- There was OS advantage for NED stage IV patients, those receiving higher number of DOSEs and increased frequency
309. Triple peptide vaccination as consolidation treatment in women affected by ovarian and breast cancer: Clinical and immunological data of a phase I/II clinical trial.
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- Patients were subjected to 6 DOSEs of vaccine every two weeks and a recall DOSE after 3 months
310. Low antibody titers 5 years after vaccination with the CYD-TDV dengue vaccine in both pre-immune and naïve vaccinees.
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- Depending on the age group, 57-84% of the participants initially generated a neutralizing antibody titer ≥ 10 to all 4 DENV serotypes 28 d after the third and final DOSE
- We observed very low antibody titers in blood samples collected from 23 vaccinees 5 y after the first DOSE, particularly titers of antibodies binding to virus particles compared with those binding to recombinant E protein
311. Efficacy, Safety, and Dose of Pafuramidine, a New Oral Drug for Treatment of First Stage Sleeping Sickness, in a Phase 2a Clinical Study and Phase 2b Randomized Clinical Studies.
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312. Averting a malaria disaster: will insecticide resistance derail malaria control?
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- World Malaria Day 2015 highlighted the progress made in the development of new methods of prevention (vaccines and insecticides) and treatment (single DOSE drugs) of the disease
313. Development of a cost-effective vaccine candidate with outer membrane vesicles of a tolA-disrupted Shigella boydii strain.
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- Six to seven weeks old BALB/c mice, immunized with 25 μg of three oral DOSEs of the vesicles, released by tolA mutant, conferred 100% protection against lethal homologous challenge through nasal route, compared to only 60% protection after the same DOSE of wild type immunogen
314. Risk factors for measles in children aged 8 months-14 years in China after nationwide measles campaign: A multi-site case-control study, 2012-2013.
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- Endemic measles persists in China, despite >95% reported coverage of two measles-containing vaccine DOSEs and nationwide campaign that vaccinated more than 100 million children in 2010
- The calculated VE was 91.9-96.1% for a single DOSE of MCV and 96.6-99.5% for 2 DOSEs
315. Spanish multicentre PIBHE study: Prevalence and immunization of chronic hepatitis B in haemodialysis patients in Spain.
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- A total of 72.7% of patients had received a vaccination course; 26.4%, 2 cycles; 1.0%, 3 cycles; and 11.6%, a booster DOSE
- The highest probability of an immune response was achieved with 4 DOSEs of 40 mcg of adjuvanted vaccine (OR: 7.3; 95% CI 3.4 to 15.7), for the same age and number of cycles and boosters
- Age, adjuvanted vaccine, DOSE and vaccination schedule influenced the immune response and the anti-HBs titres reached (P<.05)
316. Evaluation of Immune Response Against Inactivated Avian Influenza (H9N2) Vaccine, by Using Chitosan Nanoparticles.
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- For measurement of vaccine-antibody response, different types of CNP were injected intramuscularly, in a single DOSE, to 21-day-old specific pathogen-free chickens
- The AIV loaded into CNP vaccines induce appropriate antibody titers, after a single immunization, while requiring a low DOSE of antigen
317. Mycobacterium phlei cell wall-nucleic acid complex in the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer unresponsive to bacillus Calmette-Guerin.
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- The clinical experience remains limited and the optimal therapeutic regimen (DOSE, frequency) have not been firmly established
318. One year duration of immunity of the modified live bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 and bovine herpesvirus-1 fractions of Vista® Once SQ vaccine.
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- For all three studies, calves were administered a single DOSE of vaccine or placebo vaccine subcutaneously, and were challenged with one of the three virulent viruses at least one year following vaccination
319. No Shot: US Vaccine Prices And Shortages.
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- There were no shortages of vaccines with a mean price per DOSE greater than $75 during the study period
320. Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Haiti: A cross-sectional serosurvey.
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- While hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in Haiti as part of a combined pentavalent vaccine in 2012, a birth DOSE is not yet included in the immunization schedule
- Introduction of a universal birth DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine might help prevent perinatal HBV transmission.
321. [Persistence of immune memory to hepatitis B vaccine among infants with normal or high antibody response to primary vaccination: a five-year following-up study].
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- Those whose anti-HBs titers were low than protective level (10 mIU/ml) were given a challenge DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine and titers of anti-HBs were detected 14 days after the challenge
- The seroconversion rate and GMT of anti-HBs after the challenge DOSE were 98.95% (757/765) and 2 811.69 mIU/ml [95% Confidence Interval (CI) :2 513.55-3 145.19 mIU/ml] , respectively
- Results from the multivariable analysis showed that gender, premature birth and birth weight were factors insignificantly associated with the anti-HBs titers after the DOSE of challenge, while the anti-HBs levels were independently associated with the levels of anti-HBs titer after the challenge [OR = 1.001 (95%CI: 1.000-1.002) , P<0.001; OR=1.28 (95%CI: 1.81-1.39) , P<0.001]at the following-up periods
- The intensity of immune memory might be associated with the anti-HBs titer after primary vaccination as well as the anti-HBs titers before the challenge DOSE was given.
322. Knowledge about Human Papillomavirus and Time to Complete Vaccination among Vulnerable Female Youth.
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- To examine the association of knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV) on the time to completion of the 3-DOSE quadrivalent vaccine series in an inner-city population of adolescent female subjects at high risk for infection
- Multivariate Cox regression was used to examine the association between level of knowledge about HPV and time to completion (in days) of vaccine DOSE 1-3, DOSE 1-2, and DOSE 2-3
- Overall time to completion of the 3-DOSE vaccine ranged from 158 days to 1114 days
- Participants in the high knowledge group (top quartile) were significantly more likely to complete the 3-DOSE series earlier (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% CI 1.03-2.77; P = .04), in particular DOSEs 2-3 (hazard ratio 1.71, 95% CI 1.02-2.89; P = .04), than those with low-to-moderate knowledge (bottom 3 quartiles)
- These findings suggest that knowledge of HPV is associated with shorter time to complete the 3-DOSE HPV vaccine series
323. Factors Associated with Parental Refusal of Routine Vaccination in the Czech Republic.
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- The most often refused vaccines in the prevalence study were hexavaccine (1st DOSE) and measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (1st DOSE)
324. Post-introduction economic evaluation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Ecuador, Honduras, and Paraguay.
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- At a cost of US$ 16 per DOSE, the cost per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted for the 10-valent PCV (PCV10) and the 13-valet PCV (PCV13) ranged from US$ 796 (Honduras) to US$ 1 340 (Ecuador) and from US$ 691 (Honduras) to US$ 1 166 (Ecuador) respectively
- At a reduced price (US$ 7 per DOSE), the cost per DALY averted ranged from US$ 327 (Honduras) to US$ 528 (Ecuador) and from US$ 281 (Honduras) to US$ 456 (Ecuador) for PCV10 and PCV13 respectively
325. Persistence of Anti-HBs Among Palestinian Medical Students After 18 - 22 Years of Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study.
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- The Palestinian and Israeli official policies to give a booster DOSE for risk groups like medical students at anti-HBs level below 10 mIU/mL should continue to ensure absolute protection
326. Metronomic Doses of Temozolomide Enhance the Efficacy of Carbon Nanotube CpG Immunotherapy in an Invasive Glioma Model.
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327. Potentiation of Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide on the immune response and protection elicited by a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus glycoprotein 5 subunit in pigs.
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- Titers of specific anti-highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) ELISA antibody and neutralizing antibody were significantly higher in pigs from the groups inoculated with medium- and high-DOSE TPPPS (mTPPPS, hTPPPS) adjuvant co-administered with a recombinant HP-PRRSV glycoprotein 5 subunit (GP5) than those from other groups (P < 0.05)
- The low-DOSE TPPPS (lTPPPS) adjuvant also exhibited enhancement effects on humoral immune and T lymphocyte proliferation responses but these were significantly lower than the mTPPPS and hTPPPS DOSEs (P < 0.05)
- In conclusion, moderate DOSEs of TPPPS as an adjuvant with GP5 show promise as a candidate for a HP-PRRSV subunit vaccine to efficiently prevent and control HP-PRRSV.
328. Nanomaterial-dependent immunoregulation of dendritic cells and its effects on biological activities of contraceptive nanovaccines.
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- Nanovaccines could be effectively engulfed by dendritic cells (DCs) via endocytosis in both DOSE and time dependent manners, and their intracellular trafficking was closely related to the pH-sensitivity of the carrier materials
329. A sequential logit model of caretakers' decision to vaccinate children for the human papillomavirus virus in the general population.
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- Utilizing Andersen's health care beliefs model, we explored the sequential nature of the decision to vaccinate (i.e., the decision to receive the first, second, and third DOSE), thereby allowing the independent variables to vary across each transition
- Predisposing factors, such as being Hispanic (OR=1.9) and child age (OR=1.4), significantly predicted the decision to receive the first DOSE but enabling factors, such as having a regular physician (OR=4.5) and income (OR=.74) were more important for predicting completion
330. Effect of the adjuvanted (AS03) A/H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza vaccine on the risk of rejection in solid organ transplant recipients in England: a self-controlled case series.
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- Occurrence of SOT rejection during risk (30 and 60 days after any Pandemrix DOSE) and control periods
331. Combination of Intravesical Chemotherapy and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Versus Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Monotherapy in Intermediate- and High-risk Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
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- In subgroup analysis, a significant reduction in recurrence was found in studies that explored the influence of a perioperative single DOSE instillation compared with delayed BCG monotherapy (HR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.92; P = 0.021)
- Better efficacy for a perioperative single DOSE instillation compared with delayed BCG monotherapy was found in this meta-analysis.
332. Continuous cell lines from the Muscovy duck as potential replacement for primary cells in the production of avian vaccines.
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- Because poultry vaccines are usually given to birds with a short life span, very low production cost per DOSE is one important challenge
- Other hurdles are to ensure a consistent and reliable supply of very large number of DOSEs, and to have flexible production processes to accommodate a range of different pathogens and dosage requirements
333. One Dose of Staphylococcus aureus 4C-Staph Vaccine Formulated with a Novel TLR7-Dependent Adjuvant Rapidly Protects Mice through Antibodies, Effector CD4+ T Cells, and IL-17A.
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- A rapidly acting, single DOSE vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus would be highly beneficial for patients scheduled for major surgeries or in intensive care units
- We conclude that single DOSE 4C-Staph/T7-alum vaccine promptly and efficiently protected mice against S
334. Provider communication and HPV vaccination: The impact of recommendation quality.
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- Separate multivariable logistic regression models assessed associations between recommendation quality and HPV vaccine initiation (≥ 1 DOSE), follow through (3 DOSEs, among initiators), refusal, and delay
335. BCG vaccine for immunotherapy in warts: is it really safe in a tuberculosis endemic area?
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- We present a series of seven cases treated with BCG immunotherapy wherein a single DOSE of BCG caused regression of wart in 85.7% patients and complete resolution was evident in 28.6% patients
336. Cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination regime: comparing twice versus thrice vaccinations dose regime among adolescent girls in Malaysia.
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- The current implementation age of HPV vaccination in Malaysian is at the age of 13 years school girls, given according to a 3 DOSEs protocol which may complicate implementation and compliance
- Aim of the study is to determine the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination regime comparing twice versus thrice HPV vaccinations DOSE regime among adolescent girls in Malaysia
- Vaccine effectiveness was based on overall efficacy reported from 3-DOSEs clinical trials, with the assumption that the 2-DOSEs is non-inferior to the 3-DOSEs allowing overall efficacy to be inferred from the 3-DOSEs immunogenicity data
- The sensitivity analysis on cost of vaccine, vaccine coverage and discount rate with a 2-DOSEs protocol was performed
- The 3-DOSEs and 2-DOSEs regimes showed same number of Cervical Cancers averted (361 cases); QALYs saved at 7,732,266
- However, the lifetime protection under the 2-DOSEs regime, showed a significant cost-savings of RM 36, 722,700 compared to the 3-DOSEs scheme
- The MOH Malaysia could vaccinate 137,025 more girls in this country using saving 2-DOSEs regime vaccination programme
- The model predicted that 2-DOSEs HPV vaccination schemes can avoid additional 180 Cervical Cancers and 63 deaths compare to 3-DOSEs
- A 2-DOSEs HPV vaccination scheme may enable Malaysian women to be protected at a lower cost than that achievable under a 3-DOSEs scheme, while avoiding the same number of Cervical Cancer cases and deaths
- Using the saving money with 2-DOSEs, more Cervical Cancers and deaths can be avoided.
337. H7N9 Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Is Highly Immunogenic, Prevents Virus Replication, and Protects Against Severe Bronchopneumonia in Ferrets.
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- A single- and two-DOSE strategy provided complete protection against severe pneumonia and prevented virus replication
- The protective effect of the two-DOSE strategy appeared better than the single DOSE only on the microscopic level in the lungs
338. [Mumps outbreak in the Plzeň Region in 2011].
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- To estimate the vaccination coverage rate, the numbers of single-DOSE or two-DOSE recipients are related to the number of children registered in a given year
- At the six to ten-month interval, as laid down by the legislation, the second DOSE of the vaccine was only given to 83.6 % of the patients
- The screening method showed a high efficacy of the vaccine in the age group 20-25 years (97.6% in two-DOSE recipients), declining to 29.6% in the most affected age group of 15-19 years
- To make the favourable epidemiological situation with occasional local outbreaks continue, the high two-DOSE vaccine coverage rate needs to be maintained.
339. Ultra low dose aerosol challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to divergent outcomes in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques.
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- The use of high DOSE challenge for measurement of efficacy in Non-human primate models brings the risk that vaccines with the potential to be efficacious against natural challenge could appear ineffective and thus disregarded
- This study has established that ultra-low DOSE infection of macaques via the aerosol route can be reproducibly achieved and provides the first description of the development of TB disease in both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques following exposure to estimated retained DOSEs in the lung of less than 10 CFU of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- The ability to deliver reproducible ultra-low DOSE aerosols to macaques will enable the development of refined models of M
340. Characterization of IgA1 protease as a surface protective antigen of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.
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- The present study found evidence that immunization with purified recombinant IgA1 protease (600-1926aa) could induce high IgG antibody titers and could confer complete protection against a challenge with a lethal DOSE of SS2 in a mouse model
341. Stability and efficacy of the 3'-UTR A4G-G5A variant of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) as a live attenuated immersion VHSV vaccine in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).
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- The relative percent survival (RPS) in immunized groups ranged from 81.6% to 100%, correlating with vaccination DOSE
342. DC targeting DNA vaccines induce protective and therapeutic antitumor immunity in mice.
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- The existing tumors were eradicated by treatment with scFv(N418)-HER2 combined with low-DOSE cyclophosphamide (CTX), which can make a temporary regulatory T cells (Treg) depletion
- What's more, in combination with the low-DOSE CTX, vaccination with scFv(N418)-neu significantly retarded the development of spontaneous mammary carcinomas in transgenic BALB-neuT mice
343. Primary seroresponses to double-dose compared with standard-dose hepatitis B vaccination in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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- Clinical guidelines recommend double-DOSE hepatitis B vaccination for patients requiring dialysis, due to an increased risk of hepatitis B infection and reduced vaccine responsiveness
- We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and quasi-randomized trials comparing efficacy (seroresponses) and harms of double-DOSE compared with standard-DOSE hepatitis B vaccination in patients with CKD, including those requiring dialysis
- The incidence of seroconversion was not increased with double-DOSE vaccination overall [risk ratio (RR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98-1.39], by dialysis requirement or vaccine type
- The incidence of seroprotection (reported by only four studies) was increased with double-DOSE vaccination overall (RR 1.53, 95% CI 1.17-2.00) but not by dialysis requirement
- The current data do not support clinical guideline recommendations for administering double-DOSE vaccination for patients with CKD as seroconversion was not improved and seroprotection was inadequately assessed
344. Correlates of Protection against Influenza in the Elderly: Results from an Influenza Vaccine Efficacy Trial.
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- A recent vaccine efficacy trial comparing standard-DOSE with high-DOSE inactivated influenza vaccine in persons 65 years of age and older provided the opportunity to examine the relationship between values of three immunologic assays and protection against community-acquired A/H3N2 influenza illness
- The high-DOSE vaccine induced significantly higher antibody titers than the standard-DOSE vaccine for all assays
345. Timothy grass pollen therapeutic vaccine: optimal dose for subcutaneous immunotherapy.
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- To establish the optimal DOSE of Phleum pratense subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with/without asthma
- After 17 weeks, a DOSE-dependent trend was apparent in the concentration of P
- Systemic adverse reactions occurred with 3.2% of administered DOSEs
- Grade III (n = 2) and IV (n = 2) events were observed only at the two highest DOSEs
- pratense depot SCIT showed signs of clinical and immunological efficacy by DOSE-dependently decreasing the allergen sensitization rate
- Risk-benefit favored DOSEs below 1.0 SPT units for confirmatory trials.
346. Prophylactic managements of hepatitis B viral infection in liver transplantation.
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- The combination therapy consisting of high-DOSE HBIG and lamivudine is highly efficacious for preventing the recurrence of HBV infection after LT and became the standard prophylaxis for HBV recurrence
- However, mainly due to the high cost of HBIG treatment, an alternative protocol for reducing the DOSE and duration of HBIG has been evaluated
- Currently, combination therapy using low-DOSE HBIG and NAs is considered as the most efficacious and cost-effective prophylaxis for post-LT HBV reinfection
347. Risk Factors of Delay Proportional Probability in Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis Vaccination of Iranian Children; Life Table Approach Analysis.
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- Time of vaccination for the third DOSE of DTP vaccine was calculated
348. Post-Marketing Benefit-Risk Assessment of Rotavirus Vaccination in Japan: A Simulation and Modelling Analysis.
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- However, an observed/expected analysis showed a temporal association with intussusception within 7 days post DOSE 1
- The number of vaccine-preventable RVGE-associated hospitalizations and deaths (benefit) and intussusception-associated hospitalizations and deaths (risk) following two DOSEs of Rotarix™ in Japan was compared using simulations
349. Safety of Live Attenuated High-Titer Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients.
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- We report our experience with the use of a single DOSE of an Oka strain high-titer zoster-equivalent varicella vaccine in pediatric allogeneic HSCT recipients
350. Adenoviral Expression of a Bispecific VHH-Based Neutralizing Agent That Targets Protective Antigen Provides Prophylactic Protection from Anthrax in Mice.
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- Mice were challenged with a lethal DOSE of LT or spores at various times after Ad/VNA2-PA administration
351. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the safety of newly adjuvanted vaccines among children.
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- New adjuvants such as the AS- or the MF59-adjuvants improve vaccine efficacy and facilitate DOSE-sparing
- Twenty-nine trials were included in the meta-analysis, encompassing 25,056 children who received at least one DOSE of the newly adjuvanted vaccines
352. Risk factors for measles in children younger than age 8 months: A case-control study during an outbreak in Guangxi, China, 2013.
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- The coverage of 2-DOSE measles-containing vaccine was only 34%
353. Health Disparities in the Immunoprevention of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Malignancies.
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- In fact, only about 38 and 14% of eligible females and males, respectively, receive the complete, three-DOSE immunization
354. [Anti-HBs persistence after revaccination with three doses of hepatitis B vaccines among non-responsive adults: 24-month of follow-up].
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- To access the antibody persistence 24-month after revaccination with 3-DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) among non-response adults
- Blood samples were collected one month after the third DOSE of primary immunization and tested for anti-HBs using chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA)
- The non-responders were revaccinated with three DOSEs of HepB at 0-, 1-, 6-months schedule and the type of HepB was the same as which was used for primary immunization
- A total of 900 non-responders were identified and 71.7% (645/900) of them completed three-DOSE revaccination and blood collection after revaccination
355. [Seroepidemiological analysis of hepatitis B among children aged 1-14 in 3 counties of Guangdong province in 2013].
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- The HBsAg positive rate (0.45%, 5/1 118) of the children with birth-DOSE given within 24 hours was lower than those that of children given beyond 24 hours (2.63%, 61/190) (χ² = 10.21, P < 0.001)
- With the age increasing, the coverage and timely birth-DOSE coverage of Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) decreased, and the positive rate of anti-HBs gradually decreased
356. HPV vaccination to prevent cervical cancer and other HPV-associated disease: from basic science to effective interventions.
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- This essay describes the research and development that led to the VLP vaccines; discusses their safety, efficacy, and short-term effect on HPV-associated disease; and speculates that even a single DOSE of these vaccines, when given to adolescents, might be able to confer long-term protection
357. TG4010 immunotherapy and first-line chemotherapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (TIME): results from the phase 2b part of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial.
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- We did primary analyses in the intention-to-treat population and safety analyses in those who had received at least one DOSE of study drug and had at least one valid post-baseline safety assessment
358. Safety and immunogenicity of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored Ebola vaccine in healthy adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding, phase 1/2a study.
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- We did this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, DOSE-finding, phase 1/2a trial at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Participants (aged 18-65 years) were randomly assigned (2:2:1), via two computer-generated randomisation lists for individuals potentially deployed in endemic areas and those not deployed, to receive a single intramuscular DOSE of high-DOSE vaccine (5 × 10(10) viral particles), low-DOSE vaccine (2·5 × 10(10) viral particles), or placebo
- The safety evaluation was not masked for potentially deployed participants, who were therefore not included in the safety analysis for comparison between the vaccine DOSEs and placebo, but were pooled with the non-deployed group to compare immunogenicity
- Between Oct 24, 2014, and June 22, 2015, we randomly assigned 120 participants, of whom 18 (15%) were potentially deployed and 102 (85%) were non-deployed, to receive high-DOSE vaccine (n=49), low-DOSE vaccine (n=51), or placebo (n=20)
- We recorded local adverse events in 30 (75%) of 40 participants in the high-DOSE group, 33 (79%) of 42 participants in the low-DOSE group, and five (25%) of 20 participants in the placebo group
- Fatigue or malaise was the most common systemic adverse event, reported in 25 (62%) participants in the high-DOSE group, 25 (60%) participants in the low-DOSE group, and five (25%) participants in the placebo group, followed by headache, reported in 23 (57%), 25 (60%), and three (15%) participants, respectively
- Fever occurred 24 h after injection in 12 (30%) participants in the high-DOSE group and 11 (26%) participants in the low-DOSE group versus one (5%) participant in the placebo group
- Geometric mean concentrations of IgG antibodies against Ebola glycoprotein peaked on day 28 at 51 μg/mL (95% CI 41·1-63·3) in the high-DOSE group, 44·9 μg/mL (25·8-56·3) in the low-DOSE group, and 5·2 μg/mL (3·5-7·6) in the placebo group, with respective response rates of 96% (95% CI 85·7-99·5), 96% (86·5-99·5), and 5% (0·1-24·9)
- Geometric mean concentrations decreased by day 180 to 25·5 μg/mL (95% CI 20·6-31·5) in the high-DOSE group, 22·1 μg/mL (19·3-28·6) in the low-DOSE group, and 3·2 μg/mL (2·4-4·9) in the placebo group
- 28 (57%) participants given high-DOSE vaccine and 31 (61%) participants given low-DOSE vaccine developed glycoprotein-specific CD4 cell responses, and 33 (67%) and 35 (69%), respectively, developed CD8 responses
- A single DOSE was immunogenic in almost all vaccine recipients
- There was no significant difference between DOSEs for safety and immunogenicity outcomes
359. Cost-utility analysis of dengue vaccination in a country with heterogeneous risk of dengue transmission.
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- If a vaccination program would be implemented the maximum vaccine price per DOSE has to be US$1.49 for a vaccination at national level or US$28.72 for a targeted vaccination in high transmission areas
360. Oral Immunization with Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Prime and Intramuscular Protein Boost Provides Protection against Intrarectal Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge in Macaques.
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- We examined the DOSE and route that are suitable for oral immunization with recombinant vaccinia viruses
- However, sublingual inoculation with a higher DOSE or tonsillar inoculation resulted in secondary oral lesions, indicating the need to optimize the DOSE and route for oral immunization with replication-competent vaccinia virus vectors
361. Immunogenicity and clinical effectiveness of the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in immunocompromised children undergoing treatment for cancer.
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- Seroconversion was significantly more likely in children with solid compared with hematological malignancies and in children <10 years of age who received a two-DOSE schedule compared to one
- All children <10 years of age should receive a two-DOSE schedule.
362. [Clinical efficacy and safety of trastuzumab plus capecitabine as first-line therapy for HER-2 positive metastatic breast cancer].
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- The patients received trastuzumab (6 mg/kg every 21 days following a loading DOSE of 8 mg/kg on cycle 1) and capecitabine (2 000 mg/m², days 1 to 14 every 21 days)
363. A new single-dose bivalent vaccine of porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae elicits protective immunity and improves growth performance under field conditions.
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- The efficacy of the new single-DOSE bivalent vaccine of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was evaluated under field conditions for registration as recommended by the Republic of Korea's Animal, Plant & Fisheries Quarantine & Inspection Agency
364. Timing of routine infant vaccinations and risk of food allergy and eczema at one year of age.
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- Associations were examined between age at the first DOSE of DTaP and allergic disease
- Of 4433 children, 109 (2.5%) received the first DOSE of DTaP one month late (delayed DTaP)
365. Multiple efficacy studies of an adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A24 subunit vaccine in cattle using homologous challenge.
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- AdtA24 non-adjuvanted vaccine was administered intramuscularly to a total of 150 steers in DOSEs ranging from approximately 1.0×10(8) to 2.1×10(11) particle units per animal
- The results of eight studies demonstrated a strong correlation between AdtA24 vaccine DOSE and protection from clinical disease (R(2)=0.97) and viremia (R(2)=0.98)
366. Prior infection with influenza virus but not vaccination leaves a long-term immunological imprint that intensifies the protective efficacy of antigenically drifted vaccine strains.
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367. Production and dose determination of the Infection and Treatment Method (ITM) Muguga cocktail vaccine used to control East Coast fever in cattle.
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- The paper also describes the processes involved in determining the appropriate field DOSE, which involved a three-step in vivo study with various dilutions of the vaccine stabilate
- The vaccine was shown to be safe and viable after production, and a suitable field DOSE was identified as 1 ml of a 1:100 dilution.
368. Safety and immunogenicity of a novel therapeutic DNA vaccine encoding chicken type II collagen for rheumatoid arthritis in normal rats.
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- Furthermore, no major alterations were observed in hematology, biochemistry, and histopathology, even at the maximum DOSE
369. The Dose-Response Relationship of bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Urothelial Carcinoma Cell Biology.
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- Currently there are limited data on the relationship between bacillus Calmette-Guérin DOSE intensity and tumor response
- We evaluated the DOSE-response relationship of bacillus Calmette-Guérin to nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer in vitro using urothelial carcinoma cell lines and in vivo using an orthotopic mouse model
- Two human urothelial carcinoma cell lines were used to study the effect of bacillus Calmette-Guérin DOSE on the tumor cell response
- An orthotopic tumor model was used to compare the effect of different DOSEs on the antitumor efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guérin
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin internalization by urothelial carcinoma cells increased as a function of time and DOSE with a plateau at higher DOSEs and/or long exposure times
- Intracellular signaling demonstrated a similar direct, DOSE dependent increase
- Cytokine expression by urothelial carcinoma cells as a function of DOSE was variable
- Some genes increased progressively but others showed a decrease at the highest DOSE
- While nonviable cell number increased in proportion to DOSE, the number of cells undergoing necrotic cell death decreased at higher DOSEs
- A higher DOSE of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (1:200) showed a better antitumor effect than a standard DOSE (1:50) (p <0.01)
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin DOSE has a direct impact on urothelial carcinoma cell biology
- Increased DOSE intensity, particularly in nonresponders, may represent a strategy to increase bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment efficacy.
370. mHealth Pilot Study: Text Messaging Intervention to Promote HPV Vaccination.
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- Participants demonstrated significant increases in knowledge of HPV with an intent to get vaccinated within one year, and 30% of participants received the first DOSE of the HPV vaccine
371. Enhanced therapeutic effect using sequential administration of antigenically distinct oncolytic viruses expressing oncostatin M in a Syrian hamster orthotopic pancreatic cancer model.
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- In addition, strong secretion of OSM in serum limited the maximal tolerated DOSE of Ad-OSM
- In contrast, moderate DOSEs of Ad-OSM followed one week later by NDV-OSM were safe, showed a significant antitumor effect and stimulated immune responses against cancer cells
372. Bioactivity guided fractionation of Moringa oleifera Lam. flower targeting Leishmania donovani.
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- donovani promastigotes viability in the presence of MoE in both time and DOSE dependent manner
373. An assessment of measles vaccine effectiveness, Australia, 2006-2012.
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- Vaccination status was classified according to whether a case had received zero, one or two DOSEs of measles-containing vaccine
- Vaccine effectiveness was estimated at 96.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 94.5-98.0%) for one DOSE and 99.7% (95% CI: 99.2-99.9%) for two DOSEs of measles vaccine
- For at least one DOSE, effectiveness was estimated at 98.7% (95% CI: 97.9-99.2%)
374. Potential of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccine to suppress musth in captive male Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).
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- However, more work is needed to identify an optimal DOSE, booster interval, and vaccination schedule for complete suppression of testicular steroidogenesis.
375. Low-Dose Versus Standard Dose of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the Treatment of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
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- Whether low-DOSE Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment can reduce the side effects while maintaining efficacy for patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is controversial.To investigate whether low-DOSE BCG treatment can reduce the side effects while maintaining efficacy for patients with NMIBC when compared with standard-DOSE BCG treatment.A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, and CENTRAL databases was conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT) or quasi-randomized controlled trials (qRCT) that have assessed the efficacy of low- and standard-DOSE BCG therapy for patients with NMIBC
- Low-DOSE BCG instillation was not inferior to reduce the risk of bladder tumor recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.31; P = 0.05), meanwhile no difference was found regarding tumor progression (HR = 1.08; 95%CI, 0.83-1.42; P = 0.57)
- However, low-DOSE BCG provided a significantly lower incidence of overall side effects (RR = 0.75; 95%CI, 0.60-0.94; P = 0.01), systemic side effects (RR = 0.57; 95%CI, 0.34-0.97; P = 0.04), severe side effects (RR = 0.52; 95%CI, 0.36-0.74; P = 0.0003), and withdrawal due to BCG toxicity (RR = 0.49; 95%CI, 0.26-0.91; P = 0.02)
- In contrast, local side effects were comparable between low- and standard-DOSE arms (RR = 0.89; 95%CI, 0.73-1.08; P = 0.24).Low-DOSE BCG instillation significantly reduces the incidence of overall side effects, especially severe and systemic symptoms in patients with NMIBC, while the oncological control efficacy of low-DOSE BCG is not inferior to standard-DOSE BCG
- Further studies with stratification using different risk factors at randomization are required to assess whether the efficacy of low-DOSE BCG is comparable to standard DOSE BCG for different risk of patients.PROSPERO registration No CRD42014014871 (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
376. Cost-effectiveness analysis of human papillomavirus vaccination in South Africa accounting for human immunodeficiency virus prevalence.
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- This study aims at evaluating the cost-effectiveness of a 2-DOSE schedule human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme of HPV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) naïve 12-year-old girls, in addition to cervical cancer (CC) screening alone, in South Africa
377. Therapeutic Vaccination With Dendritic Cells Loaded With Autologous HIV Type 1-Infected Apoptotic Cells.
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- Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals were enrolled, and viremia was suppressed by ART prior to delivery of 4 DOSEs of DC-based vaccine
- Participants underwent treatment interruption 6 weeks after the third vaccine DOSE
378. Immunogenicity in dogs and protection against visceral leishmaniasis induced by a 14kDa Leishmania infantum recombinant polypeptide.
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- In addition, immunization with this single and small 14kDa poplypeptide resulted in protracted progression of the infection of the animals after challenging with a high DOSE of virulent L
379. Comparison of the efficacy of Poly(I:C) immunization with live vaccine and formalin-killed vaccine against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).
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- In contrast, the survival rates of the groups administered the formalin-treated VHSV at a DOSE of 10(6), 10(5), and 10(4) TCID50 100 μL(-1) fish(-1) (DEPC-FT VHSV 6, DEPC-FT VHSV 5, and DEPC-FT VHSV 4) were only 8%, 12%, and 12%, respectively
380. Efficacy of a new bivalent vaccine of porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Fostera™ PCV MH) under experimental conditions.
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- The pigs were administered the bivalent vaccine intramuscularly as a 2.0 mL DOSE at 21 days of age based on the manufacturer's instructions
381. DNA vaccination of poultry: The current status in 2015.
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- Second, it presents strategies designed to improve DNA vaccine efficacy: influence of the route of administration, plasmid DOSE and age of birds on their first inoculation; increasing plasmid uptake by host cells; addition of immunomodulators; optimization of plasmid backbones and codon usage; association of vaccine antigens and finally, heterologous prime-boost regimens
382. Low dose cyclophosphamide: Mechanisms of T cell modulation.
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- However, cyclophosphamide is still used either as a single agent or as adjuvant therapy to treat lymphomas, and breast and ovarian cancers at much lower DOSEs
- The efficacy of low DOSE cyclophosphamide is primarily due to its ability to promote anti-tumour immunity, by selectively depleting regulatory T cells and enhancing effector T cell function
- In this review, we highlight the potential for improving the efficacy of low DOSE cyclophosphamide by combining insights on the mechanisms of cyclophosphamide-mediated cytotoxicity, and how these cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide influence T cell function, thereby contributing to anti-tumour immunity.
383. Helicobacter pylori screening: options and challenges.
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- pylori related benign complications are patients on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and low-DOSE aspirin
384. A pilot study of pNGVL4a-CRT/E7(detox) for the treatment of patients with HPV16+ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2/3).
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385. Predictors of vaccination in India for children aged 12-36 months.
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- Children's vaccination status was categorized as fully, under-, and non-vaccinated based on whether children received all, some, or none of the UIP-recommended vaccines (one DOSE each of bacillus Calmette-Guérin and measles, and three DOSEs of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus)
386. National and State-Specific Td and Tdap Vaccination of Adult Populations.
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- The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends a single DOSE of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) for adults followed by tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) booster DOSEs every 10 years thereafter
387. Immunoprotective potential of in silico predicted Acinetobacter baumannii outer membrane nuclease, NucAb.
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- Immunization of BALB/c mice with recombinant NucAb (25μg) elicited high antibody titre (1-5×10(5)) which reduced bacterial load by 5 log cycles in lungs of mice challenged with optimized lethal DOSE (10(8)CFU)
388. The Adjuvant Activity of Epimedium Polysaccharide-Propolis Flavone Liposome on Enhancing Immune Responses to Inactivated Porcine Circovirus Vaccine in Mice.
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- EPL could significantly improve both PCV2-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, and its medium DOSE had the best efficacy
389. Attenuation mechanism of virulent infectious bronchitis virus strain with QX genotype by continuous passage in chicken embryos.
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- Damage was not found in the appearance of the 3-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks immunized with 10(4.5) EID50 (median embryo infective DOSE) of P110 by intranasal and ocular administration
390. Efficacy and safety of live varicella zoster vaccine in diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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- This double-blind randomized controlled single-centre study of 60-70-year-old people with diabetes compared immunity and safety profiles 3 months after one DOSE of varicella zoster vaccine or placebo
391. Intravesical immunotherapy in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.
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- Full-DOSE BCG is recommended to obtain ideal antitumoral activity and there is no evidence of a reduction of side effects in patients treated with a reduced DOSE
392. Measles Virus Neutralizing Antibody Response, Cell-Mediated Immunity, and Immunoglobulin G Antibody Avidity Before and After Receipt of a Third Dose of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine in Young Adults.
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- Two DOSEs of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine are 97% effective against measles, but waning antibody immunity to measles and failure of the 2-DOSE vaccine occur
- We administered a third MMR DOSE (MMR3) to young adults and assessed immunogenicity over 1 year
- We did not find compelling data to support a routine third DOSE of MMR vaccine.
393. A measles outbreak in a middle school with high vaccination coverage and evidence of prior immunity among cases, Beijing, P.R. China.
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- Age-appropriate receipt of ≥ 2 measles-containing vaccine (MCV) DOSEs has been considered evidence of immunity against measles
- We report a measles outbreak in a middle school in Beijing that has high coverage with ≥ 2 documented MCV DOSEs
- Of 1331 individuals without a prior history of measles, 1172 (88.1% [95%CI:86.4-91.5%]) and 1078 (81.0% [95%CI:78.9-83.1%]) had age-appropriate receipt of ≥ 2 MCV DOSEs by domestic and U.S
- All 11 student cases received ≥ 2 age-appropriate MCV DOSEs by Chinese domestic criteria; 8 were age-appropriately vaccinated by U.S
- Among students with age-appropriate receipt of ≥ 2 MCV DOSEs, the length of time since the last MCV was significantly associated with risk of measles: for the 1172 students, the risk was 4.6 [OR5.6;95%CI:1.4-22.9] and 5.5 [OR6.5;95%CI:1.4-29.8] times higher when the last MCV DOSE was 5-9 years and ≥ 10 years prior, respectively, compared with <5 years prior; for the 1078 students, the risk was 4.1 [OR5.1;95%CI:1.3-20.7] times higher when the last MCV DOSE was 5-9 years prior compared with <5 years prior
394. Development of a recombinant, chimeric tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate.
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- TDV administration was generally well-tolerated independent of DOSE and route
395. Vitamin D, leptin and impact on immune response to seasonal influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in older persons.
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- We evaluated the effect of baseline 25-(OH) D on vaccine-induced immunological response in a cohort of 159 healthy subjects ages 50-74 in Rochester, MN, who received one DOSE of seasonal trivalent 2010-2011 influenza vaccine, containing A/California/H1N1- like virus
396. Head-to-Head Comparison of Soluble vs. Qβ VLP Circumsporozoite Protein Vaccines Reveals Selective Enhancement of NANP Repeat Responses.
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- The VLP and soluble CSP immunogenicity difference was most pronounced at low antigen DOSE, and within the CSP molecule, the titers against the NANP repeats were preferentially enhanced by Qβ presentation
397. Immunoregulatory Cell Depletion Improves the Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy-Generated Cancer Vaccines.
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- The effects of low-DOSE cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the numbers of Tregs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were determined by antibody staining followed by flow cytometry, while their impact on PDT vaccine therapy was evaluated by monitoring changes in tumor responses
398. Development of TV003/TV005, a single dose, highly immunogenic live attenuated dengue vaccine; what makes this vaccine different from the Sanofi-Pasteur CYD™ vaccine?
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- Although the multi-DOSE vaccine demonstrated protection against severe dengue, its overall efficacy was limited by DENV serotype, serostatus at vaccination, region and age
- A single DOSE of either TV003 or TV005 induced seroconversion to four DENV serotypes in 74-92% (TV003) and 90% (TV005) of flavivirus seronegative adults and elicited near-sterilizing immunity to a second DOSE of vaccine administered 6-12 months later
399. Cell-based Hyper-interleukin 6 or Hyper-interleukin 11 secreting vaccines combined with low dose cyclophosphamide in an orthotopic murine prostate cancer model.
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- Low DOSE CY administered alone demonstrated some antitumor activity in employed model
400. Baseline serum interleukin-6 to interleukin-2 ratio is associated with the response to seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients.
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- We performed a subanalysis of a clinical trial that compared the safety and efficacy of high-DOSE intradermal (ID) versus intramuscular (IM) TIV in SOT recipients
401. Antibody induced by one-dose varicella vaccine soon became weak in children: evidence from a cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey in Beijing, PRC.
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- Numerous post-licensure studies, mostly from field epidemiological evidences such as outbreak surveys, have demonstrated the effectivenesss and insufficiency of one-DOSE varicella vaccine in outbreak control
- A cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey of Beijing residents was performed in 2012 in the People's Republic of China, after the one-DOSE varicella vaccine had been widely used for several years
- Reported one-DOSE vaccination history was 71.6% (149/208), 80.9% (182/225) and 82.2% (180/219) in the 1-4 yr, 5-9 yr, 10-14 yr age groups, respectively
- Of subjects who had received the one-DOSE vaccine, 36% (216/603) showed negative anti-VZV concentrations (<110 mIU/mL); additionally 15.9% (96/603) of such subjects' anti-VZV concentrations were in the lowest positive concentration group (110-299 mIU/mL)
- A government-funded 2-DOSE immunization program with mandatory vaccination schedule for Beijing residents may need consideration in the near future.
402. Intralesional Mycobacterium w Vaccine Versus Cryotherapy in Treatment of Refractory Extragenital Warts: A Randomized, Open-Label, Comparative Study.
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403. Efficacy of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-based tuberculosis vaccines in mice.
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- In a long-term protection study, a single DOSE of PIV5-85A was found to be most effective in reducing M
404. Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine: a systematic comparison of predictions from four mathematical models.
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- We considered two vaccine schedules: three DOSEs at ages 6, 7·5, and 9 months (three-DOSE schedule, 90% coverage) and including a fourth DOSE at age 27 months (four-DOSE schedule, 72% coverage)
- We estimated cost-effectiveness in the presence of existing malaria interventions for vaccine prices of US$2-10 per DOSE
- In regions with a PfPR2-10 of 10-65%, RTS,S/AS01 is predicted to avert a median of 93,940 (range 20,490-126,540) clinical cases and 394 (127-708) deaths for the three-DOSE schedule, or 116,480 (31,450-160,410) clinical cases and 484 (189-859) deaths for the four-DOSE schedule, per 100,000 fully vaccinated children
- At $5 per DOSE and a PfPR2-10 of 10-65%, we estimated a median incremental cost-effectiveness ratio compared with current interventions of $30 (range 18-211) per clinical case averted and $80 (44-279) per DALY averted for the three-DOSE schedule, and of $25 (16-222) and $87 (48-244), respectively, for the four-DOSE schedule
405. Evaluation of the risk of venous thromboembolism after quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination among US females.
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- With a self-controlled risk interval design, we compared counts of first-ever VTE in risk intervals (Days 1-28 and Days 1-7 post-vaccination) and control intervals (Days 36-56 for DOSE 1 and Days 36-63 for DOSEs 2 and 3)
- Of 279 potential VTE cases identified following 1,423,399 HPV4 DOSEs administered, 225 had obtainable charts, and 53 were confirmed first-ever VTE
- VTE risk was not elevated in the first 7 or 28 days following any DOSE of HPV in any analysis (e.g
- relative risk estimate (95% CI) from both unrestricted analyses, for all-DOSEs, 28-day risk interval: 0.7 (0.3-1.4))
- Temporal scan statistics found no clustering of VTE onsets after any DOSE
406. Absence of venous thromboembolism risk following quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination, Vaccine Safety Datalink, 2008-2011.
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- We identified potential VTE cases diagnosed in 2008 through 2011 who had also received at least one HPV4 DOSE during that period
407. A cell wall protein-based vaccine candidate induce protective immune response against Sporothrix schenckii infection.
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- Immunization with the higher-DOSE AH-adjuvanted formulation led to increased ex vivo release of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17, whereas only IL-12 and IFN-γ were induced by the higher-DOSE non-adjuvanted formulation
- Lastly, passive transference of the higher-DOSE AH-adjuvanted formulation's anti-ssCWP serum was able to afford in vivo protection in a subsequent challenge with S
408. Use of ChAd3-EBO-Z Ebola virus vaccine in Malian and US adults, and boosting of Malian adults with MVA-BN-Filo: a phase 1, single-blind, randomised trial, a phase 1b, open-label and double-blind, dose-escalation trial, and a nested, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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- In the phase 1b, open-label and double-blind, DOSE-escalation trial of ChAd3-EBO-Z in Mali, we recruited adults 18-50 years of age from six hospitals and health centres in Bamako (Mali), some of whom were also eligible for a nested, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of MVA-BN-Filo
- For randomised segments of the Malian trial and for the US trial, we randomly allocated participants (1:1; block size of six [Malian] or four [US]; ARB produced computer-generated randomisation lists; clinical staff did randomisation) to different single DOSEs of intramuscular immunisation with ChAd3-EBO-Z: Malians received 1 × 10(10) viral particle units (pu), 2·5 × 10(10) pu, 5 × 10(10) pu, or 1 × 10(11) pu; US participants received 1 × 10(10) pu or 1 × 10(11) pu
- We randomly allocated Malians in the nested trial (1:1) to receive a single DOSE of 2 × 10(8) plaque-forming units of MVA-BN-Filo or saline placebo
- 1 × 10(11) pu single-DOSE ChAd3-EBO-Z could suffice for phase 3 efficacy trials of ring-vaccination containment needing short-term, high-level protection to interrupt transmission
409. The time-course of protection of the RTS,S vaccine against malaria infections and clinical disease.
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- These data allow estimation of the time-course of protection against infection associated with two different ages of vaccination, both with and without a booster DOSE
- Using an ensemble of individual-based stochastic models, each trial cohort in the Phase III trial was simulated assuming many different hypothetical profiles for the vaccine efficacy against infection in time, for both the primary course and boosting DOSE and including the potential for either exponential or non-exponential decay
- The initial protection of RTS,S immediately following three DOSEs is estimated as providing an efficacy against infection of 65 % (when immunizing infants aged 6-12 weeks old) and 91 % (immunizing children aged 5-17 months old at first vaccination)
- The boosting DOSE was estimated to return protection to an efficacy against infection of 50-55 % for both cohorts
410. The efficacy of accelerated, multiple, double-dose hepatitis B vaccine against hepatitis B virus infection in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
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- Conventional hepatitis B vaccination with three DOSEs at 0, 1, and 6 months apart is ineffective in prevention of HBV infection
- To compare the efficacy of accelerated, multiple, double-DOSE HB vaccine with conventional HB vaccine in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy (CT)
- Group A received three double DOSEs (40 μg) of recombinant HB vaccine at 0, 1, and 3 weeks before CT and additional three double DOSEs post CT
- Accelerated, multiple, double-DOSE HB vaccine increases seroprotection and is more effective than conventional HB vaccine in preventing HBV infection.
411. The adjuvanticity of ophiopogon polysaccharide liposome against an inactivated porcine parvovirus vaccine in mice.
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- These results suggested that OPL possess superior adjuvanticity and that a medium DOSE had the best efficacy
412. Immunotherapy for neuro-oncology: the critical rationale for combinatorial therapy.
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- For example, cocktails of cytotoxic agents, which were carefully designed based on mechanisms of action, DOSE, and scheduling considerations, have led to dramatic improvements in survival including cures for childhood leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and several other complex cancers
413. Partial protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice elicited by recombinant Toxoplasma gondii malate dehydrogenase.
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- We determined the optimal vaccination DOSE by monitoring systemic and mucosal immune responses
414. Hemagglutinin Stalk- and Neuraminidase-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Protect against Lethal H10N8 Influenza Virus Infection in Mice.
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- All three antibodies were protective at a high DOSE (5 mg/kg)
- At a low DOSE (0.5 mg/kg), only the anti-N8 antibody prevented weight loss
415. Risk of Injection-Site Abscess among Infants Receiving a Preservative-Free, Two-Dose Vial Formulation of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Kenya.
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- There is a theoretical risk of adverse events following immunization with a preservative-free, 2-DOSE vial formulation of 10-valent-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10)
- Abscess risk was expressed as the number of abscesses per 100,000 injections and was compared for the second vs first vial DOSE of PCV10 and for PCV10 vs pentavalent vaccine (comparator)
- A total of 58,288 PCV10 injections were recorded, including 24,054 and 19,702 identified as first and second vial DOSEs, respectively (14,532 unknown vial DOSE)
- The risk ratio for abscess following injection with the second (41 per 100,000) vs first (33 per 100,000) vial DOSE of PCV10 was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37-4.06)
- The comparator vaccine was changed from a 2-DOSE to 10-DOSE presentation midway through the study
- The matched odds ratios for abscess following PCV10 were 1.00 (95% CI 0.12-8.56) and 0.27 (95% CI 0.14-0.54) when compared to the 2-DOSE and 10-DOSE pentavalent vaccine presentations, respectively
- The relatively higher risk of abscess following the 10-DOSE presentation of pentavalent vaccine merits further study.
416. Text message reminders do not improve hepatitis B vaccination rates in an Australian sexual health setting.
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- The authors used a chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression to determine if SMS reminders were associated with second and third DOSE vaccine completion, compared with patients prior to the intervention
- Of patients sent SMS reminders in 2009 (SMS group), 54% (130/241) received 2 DOSEs and 24% (58/241) received 3 DOSEs, compared to 56% (258/463) (P = 0.65) and 30% (141/463) (P = 0.07) in the pre-SMS group (2007), respectively
- Among sex workers, travelers, and people who reported sex overseas, second and third DOSE completion rates were significantly lower in the SMS group compared to the pre-SMS group
- In the SMS group, 18% of those who only had one DOSE attended the clinic within 1-18 months and 30% of those who had 2 DOSEs attended in 6-18 months, but vaccination was missed
- SMS reminders did not increase second or third vaccine DOSE completion in this population
417. A VL-linker-VH Orientation Dependent Single Chain Variable Antibody Fragment Against Rabies Virus G Protein with Enhanced Neutralizing Potency in vivo.
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- Although with similar stability and in vitro neutralizing potency as FV57S, RFV57S showed enhanced binding ability, affinity and in vivo protective efficacy against lethal DOSE of RV
418. The protective immunity against grass carp reovirus in grass carp induced by a DNA vaccination using single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery vehicles.
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- In addition, we found that a good immune protective effect was observed in bath immunization group; which at a concentration of 20 mg/L could reach the similar relative percentage survival (approximately 100%) in injection group at a DOSE of 5 μg
419. Effectiveness Study of Paromomycin IM Injection (PMIM) for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in Bangladesh.
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- Of the 119 subjects who received ≥1 DOSE of PMIM, 28.6% reported at least one adverse event
420. Active vaccination to prevent de novo hepatitis B virus infection in liver transplantation.
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- HBV vaccination is advised for candidates on waiting list and for recipients after withdrawal of steroids and onset of low DOSE immunosuppression after transplantation.
421. Background Paper for the update of meningococcal vaccination recommendations in Germany: use of the serogroup B vaccine in persons at increased risk for meningococcal disease.
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- Because the risk is highest in the first 3 months and full protective immunity requires more than one DOSE (particularly in infants and toddlers), MenB vaccine should be administered as soon as possible following identification of the serogroup of the index case.
422. Role of healthcare workers in early epidemic spread of Ebola: policy implications of prophylactic compared to reactive vaccination policy in outbreak prevention and control.
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- A vaccine optimised for prophylactic vaccination in high-risk areas but when the virus is not actively circulating should be safe, well tolerated, and provide long-lasting protection; a two- or three-DOSE strategy would be realistic
- Conversely, a reactive vaccine deployed in an outbreak context for ring-vaccination strategies should have rapid onset of protection with one DOSE, but longevity of protection is less important
423. Evaluation of Factors Influencing Efficacy of Vaccine Strain CVI988 Against Marek's Disease in Meat-Type Chickens.
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- The objective of this study was to evaluate factors (vaccine DOSE, vaccine origin, chicken genetics, age and route of vaccination, and combination with other MD vaccines) influencing the efficacy of CVI988 against MD in meat-type chickens
- Experiments 1 and 2 were to compare the efficacy of CVI988 vaccines from three different origins (CVI988-A, CVI988-B, and CVI988-C) and evaluate the effect of vaccine DOSE and chicken genetics
- Our results show that, regardless of the origin of the vaccine, protection against early challenge with 648A was good when vaccines were administered at a high DOSE (>3000 plaque-forming units [PFU])
- Differences among vaccines, however, were detected even when using a high DOSE in experiment 2 (vaccine CVI988-B conferred higher protection than did CVI988-C) but not in Experiment 1 (CVI988-B was compared to CVI988-A)
- The use of a fixed low DOSE (2000 PFU) of vaccine resulted in reduction in protection, and such reduction was more remarkable when using CV1988-A
424. Human papillomavirus vaccine trials and tribulations: Vaccine efficacy.
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- The average cost per DOSE is $120, with a recommended 3-DOSE course
425. Modelling the impact of vaccination on curtailing Haemophilus influenzae serotype 'a'.
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- Third, for a low vaccination rate of susceptible individuals, a high coverage of booster DOSE may be needed to raise the level of herd immunity for Hia eradication
- When an anti-Hia vaccine becomes available, enhanced surveillance of Hia incidence and herd immunity could help determine vaccination rates and timelines for booster DOSEs necessary to eliminate Hia from affected populations.
426. The Quantity of Autocrine IL-2 Governs the Expansion Potential of CD8+ T Cells.
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- Together, our findings identified that autocrine IL-2 production operates in a DOSE-dependent fashion to facilitate the expansion potential of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cell populations, which may instigate ways to augment therapies depending on fit CD8(+) T cells.
427. An anti-pyroglutamate-3 Aβ vaccine reduces plaques and improves cognition in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice.
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- After 28 weeks of treatment, plaque burden was reduced and cognitive performance of 07/1-immunized Tg mice, especially at the higher DOSE, was normalized to wild-type levels in 2 hippocampal-dependent tests and partially spared compared with phosphate-buffered saline-treated Tg mice
428. A rationally designed combined treatment with an alphavirus-based cancer vaccine, sunitinib and low-dose tumor irradiation completely blocks tumor development.
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- Here, we report on a combination therapy comprising sunitinib (40 mg/kg), single low-DOSE (14 Gy) tumor irradiation and immunization with a therapeutic cancer vaccine based on a Semliki Forest virus vector encoding the oncoproteins E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus (SFVeE6,7)
- We previously demonstrated that either low-DOSE irradiation or sunitinib in single combination with SFVeE6,7 immunizations enhanced the intratumoral ratio of antitumor effector cells to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)
- The trimodal sunitinib, low-DOSE irradiation and SFVeE6,7 immunization therapy resulted in stronger intratumoral MDSC depletion than sunitinib alone
- The combination of sunitinib, low-DOSE tumor irradiation and SFVeE6,7 immunization dramatically changed the intratumoral immune compartment
429. Optimization of a Human Bacille Calmette-Guérin Challenge Model: A Tool to Evaluate Antimycobacterial Immunity.
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- Healthy BCG-naive adults were assigned to receive intradermal standard-DOSE BCG SSI (group A), standard-DOSE BCG TICE (group B), high-DOSE BCG SSI (group C), and high-DOSE BCG TICE (group D)
- BCG was well tolerated, and reactogenicity was similar between groups, regardless of strain and DOSE
- There was significantly greater recovery of BCG from the high-DOSE challenge groups, compared with standard-DOSE challenge
- BCG challenge DOSE affects sensitivity of this model
- We have selected high-DOSE BCG SSI to take forward in future challenge studies
430. Vaccination Using Gene-Gun Technology.
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- Gene gun delivery of DNA plasmids drastically reduces the vaccine DOSE and does not only have the potential to make vaccines more accessible and affordable, but also simplifies (a) the testing of novel antigens as vaccine candidates, (b) the testing of antigen combinations, and (c) the co-delivery of antigens with molecular adjuvants such as cytokines or costimulatory molecules
431. Economic Evaluation of Immunisation Programme of 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine and the Inclusion of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in the List for Single-Dose Subsidy to the Elderly in Japan.
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- We performed economic evaluations to (1) evaluate the efficiency of alternative strategies of PPSV-23 single-DOSE immunisation programme, and (2) investigate the efficiency of PCV-13 inclusion in the list for single-DOSE pneumococcal vaccine immunisation programme
- PCV-13 inclusion into the list for single-DOSE subsidy has an ICER of ¥ 377,000 (US$3,427) per QALY gained regardless of the PCV-13 diffusion level
- The results suggest that switching current PPSV-23 strategy to ≥ 65 PPSV-23 strategy or including PCV-13 into the list for single-DOSE subsidy to the elderly in Japan has value for money.
432. Restricted antibody response to Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin induced by whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines.
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- Two groups comprising healthy preschool children (n = 50) and adults (n = 26) were vaccinated with a single DOSE of commercial whole-cell and acellular DTaP vaccines, respectively
433. Health and Economic Impact of Switching from a 4-Valent to a 9-Valent HPV Vaccination Program in the United States.
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- In our base-case, we assumed 95% vaccine-type efficacy, lifelong protection, and a cost/DOSE of $145 and $158 for the 4- and 9-valent vaccine, respectively
- Switching to a 9-valent gender-neutral HPV vaccination program is likely to be cost-saving if the additional cost/DOSE of the 9-valent is less than $13
434. Cross-protective efficacy of engineering serotype A foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine against the two pandemic strains in swine.
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- Here, vaccine matching and pig 50% protective DOSE (PD50) tests were performed to assess the vaccine potency
- The vaccine matching test showed cross-reactivity of sera from full DOSE vaccine vaccinated pigs with A/WH/CHA/09 and A/GDMM/CHA/2013 isolates, with average r1 values of 0.94±0.12 and 0.68±0.06 (r1≥0.3), which indicates that the rA/P1-FMDV vaccine is likely to confer good cross-protection against the two isolates
- When challenged with two pandemic isolates A/WH/CHA/09 and A/GDMM/CHA/2013 strain, the vaccine achieved 12.51 PD50 and 10.05 PD50 per DOSE (2.8μg), respectively
435. Effect of age on the incidence of aseptic meningitis following immunization with monovalent mumps vaccine.
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- This prospective cohort study included a total of 21,465 children under 18 years of age who had received the first DOSE of three of the Japanese mumps monovalent vaccine
- The first DOSE of mumps vaccine that is currently available for use in Japan may be administered in children less than 3 years of age in order to complicate a less aseptic meningitis after immunization.
436. Antigen spreading-induced CD8+T cells confer protection against the lethal challenge of wild-type malignant mesothelioma by eliminating myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
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- In co-cultures with efficacious CD8+ T cells, a significant number of PMN-MDSCs underwent apoptosis in a DOSE-dependent way
437. Phase Ia Study of FoxP3+ CD4 Treg Depletion by Infusion of a Humanized Anti-CCR4 Antibody, KW-0761, in Cancer Patients.
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- The results showed that KW-0761 infusion in a DOSE range between 0.1 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg was safe and well tolerated
- No DOSE-limiting toxicity was observed
- The monitoring of FoxP3(+) Tregs in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells during treatment indicated efficient depletion of those cells, even at the lowest DOSE of 0.1 mg/kg used
438. Novel pseudorabies virus variant with defects in TK, gE and gI protects growing pigs against lethal challenge.
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- Twenty one-day-old weaned pigs were immunized intramuscularly either with 10(6.0) TCID50 of rSMXΔgI/gEΔTK or one DOSE of commercial Bartha-K61 vaccine, or with DMEM, and were challenged intranasally with 10(7.0) TCID50 wt virus at 28 days post vaccination
439. In vitro Characterization of the Rapid Cytotoxicity of Anticancer Peptide HPRP-A2 through Membrane Destruction and Intracellular Mechanism against Gastric Cancer Cell Lines.
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- In this study, HPRP-A2, a synthetic 15-mer cationic peptides with all D-amino acids, effectively inhibited the survival of gastric cell lines in a DOSE-dependent manner
- Propidium iodide (PI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays demonstrated that one-hour treatment with HPRP-A2 led to membrane permeability changes of BGC-823 cells in a DOSE-dependent manner
440. Optimizing Intradermal Administration of Cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites in Controlled Human Malaria Infection.
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- The parameters of DOSE (1 × 10(4) versus 5 × 10(4) PfSPZ total DOSE per volunteer), number of injections (two versus eight), and aliquot volume per ID injection (10 μL versus 50 μL) were studied
- Three groups attained 100% infection: 1 × 10(4) PfSPZ in 50 μL/2 DOSEs, 1 × 10(4) PfSPZ in 10 μL/2 DOSEs, and 5 × 10(4) PfSPZ in 10 μL/8 DOSEs
- The group that received 5 × 10(4) PfSPZ total DOSE in eight 10 μL injections had a 100% infection rate and the shortest prepatent period (mean of 12.7 days), approaching the prepatent period for the current CHMI standard of five infected mosquitoes.
441. Respiratory nanoparticle-based vaccines and challenges associated with animal models and translation.
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- These include the ability to deliver combinations of antigens, target the vaccine formulation to specific immune cells, enable cross-protection against divergent strains, act as adjuvants or immunomodulators, allow for sustained release of antigen, enable single DOSE delivery, and potentially obviate the cold chain
442. An economic analysis of poliovirus risk management policy options for 2013-2052.
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- We estimate global incremental net benefits during 2013-2052 of approximately $16 billion (US$2013) for OPV cessation with at least one IPV routine immunization DOSE in all countries until 2024 compared to continued OPV use, although significant uncertainty remains associated with the frequency of exportations between populations and the implementation of long term risk management policies
443. Down-regulation of Th2 immune responses by sublingual administration of poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-encapsulated allergen in BALB/c mice.
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- BALB/c mice sensitized to rChe a 3 were treated sublingually either with soluble rChe a 3 (100μg/DOSE) or PLGA-encapsulated rChe a 3 (5, 25, or 50μg/DOSE)
- SLIT with PLGA-encapsulated rChe a 3 (equivalent to 25 and 50μg rChe a 3 per DOSE) led to significantly increased antigen-specific IgG2a, along with no effect on allergen-specific IgE and IgG1 antibody levels
- Our findings suggest that PLGA nanoparticle-based vaccination may help rational development of sublingual immunotherapy through reduction of the needed allergen DOSEs and also significantly enhanced systemic T regulatory (Treg) and T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses.
444. Prevaccination Rotavirus Serum IgG and IgA Are Associated With Lower Immunogenicity of Live, Oral Human Rotavirus Vaccine in South African Infants.
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- Infant serum samples were obtained before the first and second DOSEs of RV1 and 1 month after the second DOSE
- Maternal serum and breast milk samples were obtained prior to administration of each DOSE of RV1 to infants
- Of the 107 serum pairs from infants who were seronegative for RV IgA at enrollment, we observed a strong positive association between IgG titers in pre-DOSE 1 sera of infants and mothers and significant negative associations between IgG titers in pre-DOSE 1 sera of infants and seroconversion to RV1 post-DOSE 1
- Similarly, mothers whose infants' IgA seroconverted after RV1 had significantly lower pre-DOSE 1 IgG titers in sera than those whose infants did not seroconvert
445. Recombinant BCG Expressing Mycobacterium ulcerans Ag85A Imparts Enhanced Protection against Experimental Buruli ulcer.
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- Strikingly, mice vaccinated with a single subcutaneous DOSE of BCG MU-Ag85A or prime-boost displayed significantly enhanced survival, reduced tissue pathology, and lower bacterial load compared to mice vaccinated with BCG
446. Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of VGX-3100, a therapeutic synthetic DNA vaccine targeting human papillomavirus 16 and 18 E6 and E7 proteins for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial.
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- The primary efficacy endpoint was regression to CIN1 or normal pathology 36 weeks after the first DOSE
- Per-protocol and modified intention-to-treat analyses were based on patients receiving three DOSEs without protocol violations, and on patients receiving at least one DOSE, respectively
- The safety population included all patients who received at least one DOSE
447. Safety and vaccine efficacy of an attenuated Vibrio vulnificus strain with deletions in major cytotoxin genes.
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- Moreover, the vaccinated mice were protected from challenges with high DOSEs of the virulent strain through various injection routes
448. Measles vaccination coverage and seroprevalence of anti-measles antibody in south-east Islamic Republic of Iran.
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- Vaccination coverage for the second DOSE of MMR vaccine was 93.7%
- The prevalence of anti-measles IgG in those who had received at least 2 MMR vaccine DOSEs was 94.6%
449. The Efficacy of the BCG Vaccine against Newly Emerging Clinical Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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- We show here that both BCG Pasteur and recombinant BCG Aeras-422 [used here as a good example of the new generation BCG vaccines] protected well in both mouse and guinea pig low DOSE aerosol infection models against the majority of clinical isolates tested
450. Inactivated Eyedrop Influenza Vaccine Adjuvanted with Poly(I:C) Is Safe and Effective for Inducing Protective Systemic and Mucosal Immunity.
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451. Refined live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Enteritidis vaccines mediate homologous and heterologous serogroup protection in mice.
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- Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ΔguaBA ΔclpX live oral vaccines to protect mice against a highly lethal challenge DOSE of the homologous serovar and determined protection against other group B and D serovars circulating in sub-Saharan Africa
- Enteritidis CVD 1944 were immunogenic and protected BALB/c mice against 10,000 50% lethal DOSEs (LD50) of S
452. Long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination as post-transplant prophylaxis in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive recipients and HBsAg negative recipients of anti-hepatitis B core positive grafts.
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- We retrospectively reviewed 40 HBV positive recipients (HBV+ group) and 27 HBV negative recipients of anti-HBc positive grafts (HBV-/anti-HBc+ graft group), who were administrated double-DOSE hepatitis B vaccination
- Younger recipients have a greater chance to develop sufficient anti-HBs after double-DOSE HBV vaccination, leading to discontinue HBV prophylaxis.
453. Assaying the Potency of Influenza Vaccines.
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- The potency of vaccines must be determined to ensure that the appropriate DOSE is given
454. Immunogenicity and safety of Gardasil among mid-adult aged men (27-45 years)--The MAM Study.
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- Sera were collected at Day 1 (pre-vaccination) and Month 7 (one month post-DOSE three)
455. Immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine and implications for duration of vaccine efficacy: secondary analysis of data from a phase 3 randomised controlled trial.
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- Using data from 8922 African children aged 5-17 months and 6537 African infants aged 6-12 weeks at first vaccination, we analysed the determinants of immunogenicity after RTS,S/AS01 vaccination with or without a booster DOSE
- The immunogenicity of the booster DOSE was strongly associated with immunogenicity after primary vaccination
- After primary vaccination 12% (11-13) of the response was estimated to be long-lived, rising to 30% (28-32%) after a booster DOSE
- Anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres are a surrogate of protection for the magnitude and duration of RTS,S/AS01 efficacy, with or without a booster DOSE, providing a valuable surrogate of effectiveness for new RTS,S formulations in the age groups considered
456. CDP7657, an anti-CD40L antibody lacking an Fc domain, inhibits CD40L-dependent immune responses without thrombotic complications: an in vivo study.
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- CDP7657 DOSE-dependently inhibited antigen-specific immune responses to tetanus toxoid in Cynomolgus monkeys, and in contrast to hu5c8, there was no evidence of pulmonary thrombovasculopathy in Rhesus monkeys
457. Risk factors for pertussis hospitalizations in Australians aged 45 years and over: A population based nested case-control study.
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- A booster DOSE of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine could be readily integrated into routine vaccination for this age group.
458. Intervals Between PCV13 and PPSV23 Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
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- The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) currently recommends that a DOSE of PCV13 be followed by a DOSE of PPSV23 in all adults aged ≥65 years who have not previously received pneumococcal vaccine and in persons aged ≥2 years who are at high risk for pneumococcal disease because of underlying medical conditions (Table) (1-4)
459. Efficacy of transfusion with granulocytes from G-CSF/dexamethasone-treated donors in neutropenic patients with infection.
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- High-DOSE granulocyte transfusion therapy has been available for 20 years, yet its clinical efficacy has never been conclusively demonstrated
- Mean transfusion DOSE was 54.9 × 10(9) granulocytes
- In a post hoc analysis, subjects who received an average DOSE per transfusion of ≥0.6 × 10(9) granulocytes per kilogram tended to have better outcomes than those receiving a lower DOSE
460. Effect of rAd5-Vector HIV-1 Preventive Vaccines on HIV-1 Acquisition: A Participant-Level Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.
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- The modified-intention-to-treat (MITT) cohort included all randomly assigned participants HIV-1 uninfected at study entry, who received at least the first vaccine/placebo, and the Ad5 cohort included MITT participants who received at least one DOSE of rAd5-HIV vaccine or rAd5-placebo
461. Safety, pharmacokinetics and neutralization of the broadly neutralizing HIV-1 human monoclonal antibody VRC01 in healthy adults.
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- This Phase I DOSE-escalation study in healthy adults was conducted at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center (Bethesda, MD, USA)
- Primary objectives were the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of VRC01 intravenous (i.v.) infusion at 5, 20 or 40 mg/kg, given either once (20 mg/kg) or twice 28 days apart (all DOSEs), and of subcutaneous (s.c.) delivery at 5 mg/kg compared to s.c
- There were no serious adverse events or DOSE-limiting toxicities
- Mean 28-day serum trough concentrations after the first infusion were 35 and 57 μg/ml for groups infused with 20 mg/kg (n = 8) and 40 mg/kg (n = 5) DOSEs, respectively
- Mean 28-day trough concentrations after the second infusion were 56 and 89 μg/ml for the same two DOSEs
- DOSE range (n = 18), the clearance was 0.016 l/h and terminal half-life was 15 days
462. Incidence and Clinical Predictors of Nonresponse to Hepatitis B Vaccination among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: Importance of Obesity.
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- Study inclusion criteria were age 18 years and older, receipt of HD treatment for ≥ 1 month, receipt of ≥ 1 DOSE of HBV vaccine, availability of anti-HB surface antibody (anti-HBs) laboratory values ≥ 2 weeks after last HBV vaccine, and prevaccine anti-HBs value <10 mIU/mL
463. HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer: Unique Features of Epidemiology and Clinical Management.
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464. Safety and immunogenicity of RV3-BB human neonatal rotavirus vaccine administered at birth or in infancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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- A birth DOSE strategy with a vaccine developed from an asymptomatic neonatal rotavirus strain has the potential to address this challenge and provide protection from severe rotavirus disease from birth
- Healthy, full-term (≥36 weeks gestation) babies, who weighed at least 2500 g, and were 0-5 days old at the time of randomisation were randomly assigned (1:1:1; computer-generated; telephone central allocation) according to a concealed block randomisation schedule to oral RV3-BB vaccine with the first DOSE given at 0-5 days after birth (neonatal schedule), to vaccine with the first DOSE given at about 8 weeks after birth (infant schedule), or to placebo
- The primary endpoint was cumulative vaccine take (serum immune response or stool shedding of vaccine virus after any DOSE) after three DOSEs
- A cumulative vaccine take was detected in 27 (90%) of 30 participants in the neonatal schedule group after three DOSEs of RV3-BB vaccine compared with four (13%) of 32 participants in the placebo group (difference in proportions 0·78, 95% CI 0·55-0·88; p<0·0001)
- 25 (93%) of 27 participants in the infant schedule group had a cumulative vaccine take after three DOSEs compared with eight (25%) of 32 participants in the placebo group (difference in proportions 0·68, 0·44-0·81; p<0·0001)
- RV3-BB vaccine was immunogenic and well tolerated when given as a three-DOSE neonatal or infant schedule
- A birth DOSE strategy of RV3-BB vaccine has the potential to improve the effectiveness and implementation of rotavirus vaccines
465. Geospatial patterns of human papillomavirus vaccine uptake in Minnesota.
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- In all, 46.2% of participants had received ≥ 1 DOSE of HPV vaccine (67.7% of women and 13.0% of men)
466. Risk factors for delay in age-appropriate vaccinations among Gambian children.
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- Analysis was limited to BCG, third DOSE of Diphtheria-Pertussis -Tetanus (DPT3) and measles vaccines
467. Randomized Controlled Study of the Efficacy, Safety and Quality of Life with Low Dose bacillus Calmette-Guérin Instillation Therapy for Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.
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- The optimal DOSE of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer is controversial
- We investigated if induction therapy with low DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin could achieve a complete response rate similar to that of standard DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin, with less toxicity and higher quality of life
- After transurethral resection, patients with unresectable multiple nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer and/or carcinoma in situ were randomized to receive standard (80 mg) or low DOSE (40 mg) bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation induction therapy (weekly, 8 times)
- The primary end point was noninferiority of low DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin with a null hypothesis of a 15% decrease in complete response rate
- In an intent to treat analysis of 166 patients the complete response rates for low DOSE and standard DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin were 79% (95% CI 0.70-0.88) and 85% (95% CI 0.77-0.92), respectively
- Dunnett-Gent analysis revealed that the null hypothesis of inferiority of low DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin in terms of complete response could not be rejected (p = 0.119)
- Low DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin was associated with significantly less fever (p = 0.001) and micturition pain (p = 0.047), and significantly higher quality of life scores for global quality of life, role functioning and functional impairment
- The noninferiority of low DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin was not proven
- However, low DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin was associated with lower toxicity and higher quality of life compared to standard DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.
468. Curcumin combined with FAPαc vaccine elicits effective antitumor response by targeting indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase and inhibiting EMT induced by TNF-α in melanoma.
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469. The Impact of a One-Dose versus Two-Dose Oral Cholera Vaccine Regimen in Outbreak Settings: A Modeling Study.
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- Here we ask under what conditions the use of one DOSE rather than the internationally licensed two-DOSE protocol may do both
- Using mathematical models we determined the minimum relative single-DOSE efficacy (MRSE) at which single-DOSE reactive campaigns are expected to be as or more effective than two-DOSE campaigns with the same amount of vaccine
- Average one- and two-DOSE OCV effectiveness was estimated from published literature and compared to the MRSE
- Results were applied to recent outbreaks in Haiti, Zimbabwe, and Guinea using stochastic simulations to illustrate the potential impact of one- and two-DOSE campaigns
- At the start of an epidemic, a single DOSE must be 35%-56% as efficacious as two DOSEs to avert the same number of cases with a fixed amount of vaccine (i.e., MRSE between 35% and 56%)
- Short-term OCV effectiveness is estimated to be 77% (95% CI 57%-88%) for two DOSEs and 44% (95% CI -27% to 76%) for one DOSE
- This results in a one-DOSE relative efficacy estimate of 57% (interquartile range 13%-88%), which is above conservative MRSE estimates
- Using our best estimates of one- and two-DOSE efficacy, we projected that a single-DOSE reactive campaign could have prevented 70,584 (95% prediction interval [PI] 55,943-86,205) cases in Zimbabwe, 78,317 (95% PI 57,435-100,150) in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, and 2,826 (95% PI 2,490-3,170) cases in Conakry, Guinea: 1.1 to 1.2 times as many as a two-DOSE campaign
- While extensive sensitivity analyses were performed, our projections of cases averted in past epidemics are based on severely limited single-DOSE efficacy data and may not fully capture uncertainty due to imperfect surveillance data and uncertainty about the transmission dynamics of cholera in each setting
- Reactive vaccination campaigns using a single DOSE of OCV may avert more cases and deaths than a standard two-DOSE campaign when vaccine supplies are limited, while at the same time reducing logistical complexity
- These findings should motivate consideration of the trade-offs between one- and two-DOSE campaigns in resource-constrained settings, though further field efficacy data are needed and should be a priority in any one-DOSE campaign.
470. Cost-effectiveness analysis of routine immunization and supplementary immunization activity for measles in a health district of Benin.
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- RI consists to vaccinate an annual cohort of children aged 0-1 year old and SIA consists to provide a second DOSE of measles vaccine to children aged 0-5 years old in order to reach both those who did not seroconvert and who were not vaccinated through RI
- Effectiveness indicators included measles vaccine DOSEs used, vaccinated children, measles cases averted and disability adjusted life years averted
471. Predictors of Vaccination in India for Children Aged 12-36 Months.
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- Children's vaccination status was categorized as fully, under-, and non-vaccinated based on whether children received all, some, or none of the UIP-recommended vaccines (one DOSE each of bacillus Calmette-Guérin and measles, and three DOSEs of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus)
472. Infant respiratory infections and later respiratory hospitalisation in childhood.
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- We noted a DOSE response with the number and length of infant ARI hospitalisations and increasing risk with no effect modification by gestational age
- Recurrent hospitalisations for ARI in infancy significantly increase the risk of respiratory morbidity and asthma requiring hospitalisation after the age of 3 years in a DOSE-response fashion
473. Current and future antimicrobial treatment of gonorrhoea - the rapidly evolving Neisseria gonorrhoeae continues to challenge.
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- Subsequently, appropriately designed, randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating efficacy, ideal DOSE, toxicity, adverse effects, cost, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics data for anogenital and, importantly, also pharyngeal gonorrhoea, i.e
474. Electron-Beam-Inactivated Vaccine Against Salmonella Enteritidis Colonization in Molting Hens.
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- An eBeam DOSE of 2.5 kGy (kilograys) was used to inactivate a high-titer (10(8) colony-forming units [CFU]) preparation of SE cells
475. Efficacy, Safety, and Interactions of a Live Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Vaccine for Chickens Based on Strain IBD V877.
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- The safety of the vaccine was demonstrated in a study in which specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were vaccinated with a tenfold DOSE of the vaccine strain and a tenfold DOSE of the vaccine strain after five back passages in SPF chickens
476. Examining the role of different age groups, and of vaccination during the 2012 Minnesota pertussis outbreak.
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- Receipt of the fifth DOSE of DTaP was associated with a decreased relative role during the outbreak's ascent compared to non-receipt [OR 0.16 (0.01, 0.84) for children aged 5, 0.13 (0.003, 0.82) for ages 8-10y, indicating a protective effect of DTaP against pertussis infection
477. Intussusception after monovalent rotavirus vaccine-United States, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 2008-2014.
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- We conducted a self-controlled risk interval analysis using Poisson regression to estimate the daily reporting ratio (DRR) of intussusception after the first 2 DOSEs of RV1 comparing average daily reports 3-6 versus 0-2 days after vaccination
- A significant clustering was observed on days 3-8 after does1 (p=0.001) and days 2-7 after DOSE 2 (p=0.001)
- The DRR comparing the 3-6 day and the 0-2 day periods after RV1 DOSE 1 was 7.5 (95% CI=2.3, 24.6), translating to an excess risk of 1.6 (95% CI=0.3, 5.8) per 100,000 vaccinations
- The DRR was elevated but not significant after DOSE 2 (2.4 [95% CI=0.8,7.5])
- We observed a significant increased risk of intussusception 3-6 days after DOSE 1 of RV1
478. Increased Immune Response Variability during Simultaneous Viral Coinfection Leads to Unpredictability in CD8 T Cell Immunity and Pathogenesis.
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- In mice with PICV-dominant responses, during a high-DOSE challenge with LCMV clone 13, increased immunopathology was associated with a reduced number of LCMV-specific effector memory CD8 T cells
479. Chimpanzee adenovirus- and MVA-vectored respiratory syncytial virus vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adults.
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- We performed an open-label, DOSE escalation, phase 1 clinical trial in 42 healthy adults in which four different combinations of prime/boost vaccinations were investigated for safety and immunogenicity, including both intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) administration of the adenovirus-vectored vaccine
480. Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infections in 18- to 24-Year-Old Female Online Daters.
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- Self-reporting a history of receiving at least 1 DOSE of HPV vaccine was inversely associated with testing positive for HPV-16 or HPV-18 (aPR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.16-0.97)
481. Mucosal B Cells Are Associated with Delayed SIV Acquisition in Vaccinated Female but Not Male Rhesus Macaques Following SIVmac251 Rectal Challenge.
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- Up to 9 weekly intrarectal challenges with low-DOSE SIVmac251 were administered until macaques became infected
482. Construction of a recombinant duck enteritis virus (DEV) expressing hemagglutinin of H5N1 avian influenza virus based on an infectious clone of DEV vaccine strain and evaluation of its efficacy in ducks and chickens.
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- A single DOSE of 10(6) TCID50 DEV-vectored vaccine provided 100 % protection against duck viral enteritis in ducks, and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer of AIV H5N1 with a peak of 8.2 log2 was detected in 3-week-old layer chickens
483. Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of intradermal versus intramuscular hepatitis B vaccination in end-stage renal disease population unresponsive to primary vaccination series.
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- Hepatitis B vaccination type, DOSE, route, and seroconversion rates were tabulated for each study
- Additional well-designed, double-blinded, randomized trials are warranted to establish clear guidelines on ID Hepatitis B vaccine DOSE and duration of vaccination schedule.
484. Current status of human papillomavirus vaccination.
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- Population coverage would be facilitated by adopting two-DOSE schedules, with recent findings that two-DOSE schedules in young adolescents are as immunogenic as three DOSEs in young adults
485. Safety and immunogenicity of double-dose versus standard-dose hepatitis B revaccination in non-responding adults with HIV-1 (ANRS HB04 B-BOOST): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial.
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- Revaccination with double-DOSE hepatitis B vaccine has been recommended in HIV-infected patients who do not respond to standard vaccination, but has not yet been assessed
- HIV-infected adults (aged ≥18 years), with CD4 counts of 200 cells per μL or more and no response to a previous hepatitis B vaccination or a 20 μg booster DOSE, were randomly assigned (1:1), according to a computer-generated randomisation list with permuted blocks (block sizes of two to six), to receive either standard-DOSE (20 μg) or double-DOSE (40 μg) recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at weeks 0, 4, and 24
- Between May 19, 2008, and May 8, 2011, 178 participants were randomly assigned to the standard-DOSE group (n=90) or the double-DOSE group (n=88), of whom 176 (98%) participants were included in the primary efficacy analysis
- At week 28, we recorded a response in 60 patients (67%, 95% CI 57-77) in the standard-DOSE group versus 64 patients (74%, 63-82) in the double-DOSE group (p=0·334)
- Except for more frequent local reactions in the double-DOSE group than the standard-DOSE group (13 [15%] vs four [4%] patients; p=0·020), there was no difference in safety between groups
- In adults with HIV-1 who have not responded to previous hepatitis B vaccination, double-DOSE revaccination did not achieve a higher response rate than did revaccination with standard single-DOSE regimen
- Our results should be assessed in future studies before double-DOSE vaccine can be considered for the standard of care of vaccine non-responders
486. EBOLA VACCINE. VSV-EBOV rapidly protects macaques against infection with the 2014/15 Ebola virus outbreak strain.
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- Complete and partial protection was achieved with a single DOSE given as late as 7 and 3 days before challenge, respectively
487. Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine expressing Ebola surface glycoprotein: interim results from the Guinea ring vaccination cluster-randomised trial.
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- After laboratory confirmation of a new case, clusters of all contacts and contacts of contacts were defined and randomly allocated 1:1 to immediate vaccination or delayed (21 days later) vaccination with rVSV-ZEBOV (one DOSE of 2 × 10(7) plaque-forming units, administered intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle)
488. The effect of dose on the safety and immunogenicity of the VSV Ebola candidate vaccine: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial.
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- The safe use of replication-competent vaccines requires a careful DOSE-selection process
- We report the first safety and immunogenicity results in volunteers receiving 3 × 10(5) plaque-forming units (pfu) of the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based candidate vaccine expressing the Zaire Ebola virus glycoprotein (rVSV-ZEBOV; low-DOSE vaccinees) compared with 59 volunteers who had received 1 ×10(7) pfu (n=35) or 5 × 10(7) pfu (n=16) of rVSV-ZEBOV (high-DOSE vaccinees) or placebo (n=8) before a safety-driven study hold
- The Geneva rVSV-ZEBOV study, an investigator-initiated phase 1/2, DOSE-finding, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial conducted at the University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland, enrolled non-pregnant, immunocompetent, and otherwise healthy adults aged 18-65 years
- Participants from the low-DOSE group with no plans to deploy to Ebola-aff5cted regions (non-deployable) were randomised 9:1 in a double-blind fashion using randomly permuted blocks of varying sizes to a single injection of 3 × 10(5) pfu or placebo, whereas deployable participants received single-injection 3 × 10(5) pfu open-label
- After viral oligoarthritis was observed in 11 of the first 51 vaccinees (22%) receiving 10(7) or 5 × 10(7) pfu, 56 participants were given a lower DOSE (3 × 10(5) pfu, n=51) or placebo (n=5) to assess the effect of DOSE reduction on safety and immunogenicity
- Between Jan 5 and Jan 26, 2015, 43 non-deployable participants received low-DOSE rVSV-ZEBOV (3 × 10(5) pfu) or placebo in a double-blind fashion, whereas 13 deployable participants received 3 × 10(5) pfu open-label
- Altogether, in the low-DOSE group, 51 participants received rVSV-ZEBOV and five received placebo
- At 3 × 10(5) pfu, early-onset reactogenicity remained frequent (45 [88%] of 51 compared with 50 [98%] of 51 high DOSE and two [15%] of 13 placebo recipients), but mild
- Objective fever was present in one (2%) of 51 low-DOSE versus 13 (25%) of 51 high-DOSE vaccinees receiving at least 1 ×10(7) pfu (p<0·0001)
- Although seropositivity rates remained similarly high (48 [94%] of 51), day-28 EBOV-glycoprotein-binding and neutralising antibody titres were lower in low-DOSE versus high-DOSE vaccinees (geometric mean titres 344·5 [95% CI 229·7-516·4] vs 1064·2 [757·6-1495·1]; p<0·0001; and 35·1 [24·7-50·7] vs 127·0 [86·0-187·6]; p<0·0001, respectively)
- Furthermore, oligoarthritis again occurred on day 10 (median; IQR 9-14) in 13 (25%) of 51 low-DOSE vaccinees, with maculopapular, vesicular dermatitis, or both in seven (54%) of 13; arthritis was associated with increasing age in low-DOSE but not high-DOSE vaccinees
- Reducing the DOSE of rVSV-ZEBOV improved its early tolerability but lowered antibody responses and did not prevent vaccine-induced arthritis, dermatitis, or vasculitis
489. Vaccinia virus strain LC16m8 defective in the B5R gene keeps strong protection comparable to its parental strain Lister in immunodeficient mice.
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- The protective activity of LC16m8 vaccine against challenge with a lethal DOSE of vaccinia Western Reserve strain was assessed in wild-type and immunodeficient mice lacking CD4, MHC class I, MHC class II or MHC class I and II antigens
490. Comparison of the efficacy of Neethling lumpy skin disease virus and x10RM65 sheep-pox live attenuated vaccines for the prevention of lumpy skin disease - The results of a randomized controlled field study.
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- Fifteen dairy herds, vaccinated 2-5 months prior to study onset with a single DOSE of 10(2.5) TCID50 of RM65 attenuated sheep-pox vaccine, and not affected previously, were enrolled in the study
- 4694 cows were randomized to be either vaccinated with a 10(3.5) TCID50/DOSE of RM65 vaccine (x10RM65) or with a same DOSE of an attenuated Neethling LSD virus vaccine
491. Reduction of avian influenza virus shedding by administration of Toll-like receptor ligands to chickens.
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- In addition, the effects of TLR ligand DOSE and route of administration on the efficiency of TLR ligands to reduce AIV shedding were examined
- Chickens were treated with TLR2, 4, 7 and 21 ligands using different DOSEs and routes of administration, 18h before AIV infection
492. Human Non-neutralizing HIV-1 Envelope Monoclonal Antibodies Limit the Number of Founder Viruses during SHIV Mucosal Infection in Rhesus Macaques.
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- Here, we have studied the capacity of anti-Env monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against either the immunodominant region of gp41 (7B2 IgG1), the first constant region of gp120 (A32 IgG1), or the third variable loop (V3) of gp120 (CH22 IgG1) to modulate in vivo rectal mucosal transmission of a high-DOSE simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-BaL) in rhesus macaques
493. Administration of naloxone in combination with recombinant Plasmodium vivax AMA-1 in BALB/c mice induces mixed Th1/Th2 immune responses.
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- Mice were immunized subcutaneously with purified rPvAMA-1 formulated with NLX (DOSEs of 5 mg/kg body weight) alone or in combination with IFA
- Additionally, DOSE-response study is necessary to determine the effect of different DOSEs of antigen combined with NLX (at various DOSEs) in Balb/c mice
494. Measles in Poland in 2013.
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- Vaccination coverage of children and youth aged 2-11 years ranged from 82.8% do 99.5% (primary vaccination in children born in 2012-2007) and from 73.6% to 93.2% (booster DOSE in children born in 2004-2001)
495. Evidence for CVD 103-HgR as an effective single-dose oral cholera vaccine.
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- We propose the ideal oral cholera vaccine (OCV) should be an inexpensive, single, oral DOSE that rapidly confers immunity for a long duration, and is well tolerated by individuals vulnerable to cholera
- Vaccine trials in industrialized countries of a single oral DOSE of 5 × 10(8) colony forming units (CFU) of the live, attenuated cholera strain CVD 103-HgR have shown 88-97% serum vibriocidal antibody seroconversion rates, a correlate of protection and documented vaccine efficacy of ≥80% using volunteer challenge studies with wild-type cholera
- For individuals of developing countries, a 5 × 10(9) CFU DOSE of CVD 103-HgR is necessary to elicit similar antibody responses
496. Vaccination with different doses of Dermatophagoides farinae in a mouse model of allergic asthma.
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- The efficacy of vaccination with different DOSEs of a vaccine has not been clarified
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the DOSEs of purified house dust mite allergen, and allergic airway inflammation and airway reactivity in a mouse model of allergic asthma
- It was found that vaccination with the medium DOSE of Der f showed a stronger inhibitory effect
- There seems to be a DOSE-dependent response between allergen and both airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in the mouse model of allergic asthma.
497. Characterization of a Cynomolgus Macaque Model of Pneumonic Plague for Evaluation of Vaccine Efficacy.
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- The efficacy of a recombinant plague vaccine (rF1V) was evaluated in cynomolgus macaques (CMs) to establish the relationship among vaccine DOSEs, antibody titers, and survival following an aerosol challenge with a lethal DOSE of Yersinia pestis strain Colorado 92
- CMs were vaccinated with a range of rF1V DOSEs on a three-DOSE schedule (days 0, 56, and 121) to provide a range of survival outcomes
- Vaccine DOSEs and antibody responses were each significantly associated with the probability of CM survival (P < 0.0001)
- Vaccination also decreased signs of pneumonic plague in a DOSE-dependent manner
- There were statistically significant correlations between the vaccine DOSE and the time to onset of fever (P < 0.0001), the time from onset of fever to death (P < 0.0001), the time to onset of elevated respiratory rate (P = 0.0003), and the time to onset of decreased activity (P = 0.0251) postinfection in animals exhibiting these clinical signs
- Delays in the onset of these clinical signs of disease were associated with larger DOSEs of rF1V
- Since both the vaccine DOSE and anti-rF1V antibody titers correlate with survival, rF1V bridge ELISA titers can be used as a correlate of protection.
498. Immunogenicity of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine Among Routinely Vaccinated Healthy and Chronically Ill Children in Assiut, Upper Egypt.
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- Booster DOSE in the second year of life is recommended for all children, particularly for those with diabetes millets, congenital heart disease and malnutrition.
499. An Assessment of the Expected Cost-Effectiveness of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines in Ontario, Canada Using a Static Model.
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- In the base case, we used IIV3 and IIV4 prices of $5.5/DOSE and $7/DOSE, respectively
500. Effectiveness of the First Dose of BCG against Tuberculosis among HIV-Infected, Predominantly Immunodeficient Children.
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501. Comparative efficacy of experimental inactivated and live-attenuated chimeric porcine circovirus (PCV) 1-2b vaccines derived from PCV1 and PCV2b isolates originated in China.
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- In this study, the efficacy of inactivated and live-attenuated (2 × 10(3.5) or 2 × 10(4.0) 50% tissue culture infective DOSE [TCID50] DOSE) chimeric PCV1-2b vaccines was compared side-by-side in conventional pigs
- Moreover, no viremia was present in pigs inoculated with live-attenuated PCV1-2b vaccine at 21 DPC regardless of the DOSE difference
502. The ring vaccination trial: a novel cluster randomised controlled trial design to evaluate vaccine efficacy and effectiveness during outbreaks, with special reference to Ebola.
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- This paper describes the protocol for a novel cluster randomised controlled trial design which uses ring vaccination.In the Ebola ça suffit ring vaccination trial, rings are randomised 1:1 to (a) immediate vaccination of eligible adults with single DOSE vaccination or (b) vaccination delayed by 21 days
503. Prevention of serious events in adults 65 years of age or older: A comparison between high-dose and standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccines.
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- A recent study showed that a high-DOSE inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV-HD) was 24.2% more efficacious than a standard-DOSE inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV-SD) in preventing laboratory-confirmed symptomatic influenza in adults ≥65 years
504. Risk of spontaneous abortion and other pregnancy outcomes in 15-25 year old women exposed to human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in the United Kingdom.
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- The study population included women aged 15-25 years registered with the Clinical Practice Research Datalink General Practice OnLine Database in the United Kingdom (UK), who received at least one HPV-16/18-vaccine DOSE between 1st September 2008 and 30th June 2011
- Exposed women had the first day of gestation between 30 days before and 45 days (90 days for the extended exposure period) after any HPV-16/18-vaccine DOSE
- Non-exposed women had the first day of gestation 120 days-18 months after the last DOSE
- Sensitivity analysis per number of DOSEs administered (-30 to +45-day risk period) showed a HR for SA of 1.11 (0.64-1.91) for 18/178 women with one DOSE during the risk period versus 2.55 (1.09-5.93) in 6/29 women with two DOSEs within a 4-5 weeks period
505. Comparison of Accelerated and Standard Hepatitis B Vaccination Schedules in High-Risk Healthy Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
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- Although accelerated schedules produced anti-hepatitis B levels higher than the standard schedule for the first month after the initial vaccine DOSE, they were significantly lower than the standard schedule after 6 months, except for an accelerated schedule that called for a fourth booster injection 12 months after the initial DOSE
- However, additional studies on the long-term protection and effectiveness of the primary DOSEs of accelerated schedules are necessary.
506. A Malaysia 97 monovalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine (>6PD50/dose) protects pigs against challenge with a variant FMDV A SEA-97 lineage virus, 4 and 7 days post vaccination.
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- In this study we investigated the efficacy of the double oil emulsion A Malaysia 97 vaccine (>6PD50/DOSE) against heterologous challenge with an isolate belonging to the A SEA-97 lineage at 4 and 7 days post vaccination (dpv)
507. Repurposing Kinase Inhibitors as Antiviral Agents to Control Influenza A Virus Replication.
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508. Efficacy and immunogenicity of high-dose influenza vaccine in older adults by age, comorbidities, and frailty.
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- A randomized trial demonstrated that a high-DOSE inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV-HD) was 24.2% more efficacious than a standard-DOSE vaccine (IIV-SD) against laboratory-confirmed influenza illness in adults ≥65 years
509. Vaccination with a Live Attenuated Cytomegalovirus Devoid of a Protein Kinase R Inhibitory Gene Results in Reduced Maternal Viremia and Improved Pregnancy Outcome in a Guinea Pig Congenital Infection Model.
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- In the higher- and lower-DOSE vaccine groups, pup mortality was reduced to 1/24 (4%) and 4/29 (14%) pups, respectively, whereas it was 26/31 (81%) in unvaccinated control pups (P < 0.0001 for both groups versus the control group)
510. Current Immunotherapies for Renal Cell Carcinoma.
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- Renal cell carcinoma is known to potentially respond favorably to immunotherapy, with a small subset of patients achieving durable responses to high DOSE interleukin-2 therapy
511. Delta Inulin Adjuvant Enhances Plasmablast Generation, Expression of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase and B-Cell Affinity Maturation in Human Subjects Receiving Seasonal Influenza Vaccine.
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- This pilot study utilised cryopreserved 7 day post-vaccination (7dpv) peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples obtained from a subset of 25 adult subjects from the FLU006-12 trial who had been immunized intramuscularly with a standard DOSE of 2012 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) alone (n=9 subjects) or combined with 5mg (n=8) or 10mg (n=8) of Advax adjuvant
512. Aerosolized Ebola vaccine protects primates and elicits lung-resident T cell responses.
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- Moreover, 1 aerosol HPIV3/EboGP DOSE conferred 100% protection to macaques exposed to EBOV
513. Do Maternal Living Arrangements Influence the Vaccination Status of Children Age 12-23 Months? A Data Analysis of Demographic Health Surveys 2010-11 from Zimbabwe.
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- Incomplete vaccination of children (outcome), was defined as not having received one DOSE of BCG and measles, 3 DOSEs of polio and DPT/Pentavalent
514. A Cost Analysis of the 1-2-3 Pap Intervention.
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- The three-DOSE human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series is a cost-effective intervention to prevent HPV infection and resultant cervical cancer
515. Attenuation of the influenza virus by microRNA response element in vivo and protective efficacy against 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus in mice.
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- Female BALB/c mice were vaccinated intranasally with the miRT-H1N1 and challenged with a lethal DOSE of homologous virus
516. Safety and immunogenicity of a candidate bioconjugate vaccine against Shigella dysenteriae type 1 administered to healthy adults: A single blind, partially randomized Phase I study.
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- Forty subjects (10 in each DOSE group; 2 μg or 10 μg with or without aluminium adjuvant) received two injections 60 days apart and were followed-up for 150 days
- Both DOSEs and formulations were well tolerated; the safety and reactogenicity profiles were consistent with that of other conjugated vaccines, adjuvanted or not, independent of the DOSE and the number of injections
- It elicited a significant humoral response to Shigella O1 polysaccharides at all DOSEs tested
517. Protective immune-response of aluminium hydroxide gel adjuvanted phage lysate of Brucella abortus S19 in mice against direct virulent challenge with B. abortus 544.
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- Three polypeptides of ∼16, 19 and 23 kDa could be identified as immuno-dominant antigens of the lysate which induced both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in a DOSE dependent manner
- Results of efficacy evaluation trial confirmed DOSE-dependent protective potencies of lysate preparation
- The lysate with an antigenic DOSE of 0.52 μg protein and 60 μg CHO adsorbed on aluminium gel (0.1 percent aluminium concentration) exhibited the highest protective potency which was greater than that induced by standard S19 vaccine
518. A Study on Longevity of Immune Response after Vaccination with Salmonella Typhi Vi Conjugate Vaccine (Pedatyph™) in Children.
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- Duration of immune response induced by these vaccines is critical to define the efficacy and frequency of required booster DOSE
- This study was done to determine the duration of immune response following vaccination with Salmonella Typhi Vi conjugate vaccine (Pedatyph™) in children and to assess the booster effect of second DOSE of conjugate typhoid vaccine
- Forty children were recalled from a cohort of 400 children, who received one DOSE or two DOSEs of PedaTyph™, 30 months after vaccination
- Geometric mean titers (GMT) with 95% confidence intervals were 14 (4.8-29.8), 17 (7.4-33) and 6.4 (0.8-12) μg/ml for single DOSE, two DOSEs and control group respectively
- The children in two DOSEs group had higher antibody titers as compared to single DOSE group
- No significant advantage of two DOSEs regimen over one DOSE was found
- Hence one DOSE vaccination with PedaTyph™ is suggested.
519. Immunization in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases: A Practical Guide for General Practitioners.
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- In general, live vaccines should be avoided among patients receiving high DOSEs of immunosuppressive drugs
- However, they may be given to patients receiving low DOSE steroids and methotrexate
520. A Cholera Conjugate Vaccine Containing O-specific Polysaccharide (OSP) of V. cholerae O1 Inaba and Recombinant Fragment of Tetanus Toxin Heavy Chain (OSP:rTTHc) Induces Serum, Memory and Lamina Proprial Responses against OSP and Is Protective in Mice.
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- We assessed a range of vaccine DOSEs based on the OSP content of the vaccine (10-50 μg), vaccine compositions varying by molar loading ratio of OSP to rTTHc (3:1, 5:1, 10:1), effect of an adjuvant, and route of immunization
- In general, we found comparable immune responses in mice immunized with these variations, although memory B cell and vibriocidal responses were blunted in mice receiving the highest DOSE of vaccine (50 μg)
521. Recombinant Salmonella Expressing Burkholderia mallei LPS O Antigen Provides Protection in a Murine Model of Melioidosis and Glanders.
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- thailandensis and were significantly protected against challenge with a lethal DOSE of B
522. Ad35.CS.01-RTS,S/AS01 Heterologous Prime Boost Vaccine Efficacy against Sporozoite Challenge in Healthy Malaria-Naïve Adults.
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- In an observer blind, phase 2 trial, 55 adults were randomized to receive one DOSE of Ad35.CS.01 vaccine followed by two DOSEs of RTS,S/AS01 (ARR-group) or three DOSEs of RTS,S/AS01 (RRR-group) at months 0, 1, 2 followed by controlled human malaria infection
523. Matrix M H5N1 Vaccine Induces Cross-H5 Clade Humoral Immune Responses in a Randomized Clinical Trial and Provides Protection from Highly Pathogenic Influenza Challenge in Ferrets.
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- Sixty adults were recruited into a randomized clinical trial and were intramuscularly immunized with two virosomal vaccine H5N1 (NIBRG-14) DOSEs (21 days apart) of 30 μg HA alone or 1.5, 7.5 or 30 μg HA adjuvanted with Matrix M
- The serological responses against the homologous and cross-reactive strains generally peaked one week after the second DOSE, and formulation with Matrix M augmented the responses
524. Immunogenicity and safety of the 9-valent HPV vaccine in men.
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- All subjects were administered a 3-DOSE regimen (Day 1, Month 2, Month 6) of 9vHPV vaccine
525. Preclinical development of a dengue tetravalent recombinant subunit vaccine: Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in nonhuman primates.
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- Three different DOSEs and two dosing regimens (0, 1, 2 months and 0, 1, 2, and 6 months) were evaluated in these studies
- The two antigens, evaluated at 6, 20 and 100 μg/DOSE formulated with ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant, were equally immunogenic
- A similar study was conducted to evaluate tetravalent formulations at low (3, 3, 3, 6 μg of DEN1-80E, DEN2-80E, DEN3-80E and DEN4-80E respectively), medium (10, 10, 10, 20 μg) and high (50, 50, 50, 100 μg) DOSEs
- All DOSEs were comparably immunogenic and induced high titer, balanced neutralizing antibodies against all four DENV
- Upon challenge with the four wild-type DENV, all animals in the low and medium DOSE groups were protected against viremia while two animals in the high-DOSE group exhibited breakthrough viremia
- Overall, the subunit vaccine was demonstrated to induce strong neutralization titers resulting in protection against viremia following challenge even 8-12 months after the last vaccine DOSE.
526. Efficacy of antigen dosage on the hepatitis B vaccine response in infants born to hepatitis B-uninfected and hepatitis B-infected mothers.
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- Three DOSEs of 10 or 5 μg recombinant HB vaccine were randomly administered by 1:1 within 24 h after birth, at 1 month and at 6 months
- After 1 month of the third DOSE, the Group A infants who received the 10 μg HB vaccine achieved a higher geometric mean concentration (GMC) of HB surface antibody (anti-HBs) than those who received the 5 μg dosage
527. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of an oral recombinant Helicobacter pylori vaccine in children in China: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
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- We aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a three-DOSE oral recombinant H pylori vaccine in children in China
- Between Dec 2, 2004, and March 19, 2005, we randomly assigned 4464 participants to either the vaccine group (n=2232) or the placebo group (n=2232), of whom 4403 (99%) participants completed the three-DOSE vaccination schedule and were included in the per-protocol efficacy analysis
528. Monoclonal antibody, mAb 4C13, an effective detoxicant antibody against ricin poisoning.
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- By intravenous injection, mAb 4C13 could rescue the mouse intraperitoneally (ip) injected with a lethal DOSE of ricin (20μg/kg) even at 6h after the intoxication and its efficacy was dependent on its dosage
529. Do Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Represent Good Value for Money in a Lower-Middle Income Country? A Cost-Utility Analysis in the Philippines.
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- With universal vaccination at a cost per DOSE of Php 624 for PCV10 and Php 700 for PCV13, both PCVs are cost-effective compared to no vaccination given the ceiling threshold of Php 120,000 per QALY gained, yielding ICERs of Php 68,182 and Php 54,510 for PCV10 and PCV13, respectively
530. A hospital-associated measles outbreak among individuals not targeted for vaccination in eastern China, 2014.
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- We conclude that in addition to maintaining high 2-DOSE coverage with measles vaccine, working with hospital infection control programs to implement evidence-based strategies to prevent or limit hospital transmission is an important action for eliminating measles in eastern China.
531. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Universal Vaccination of Adults Aged 60 Years with 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine versus Current Practice in Brazil.
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- Economic evaluation using a Markov model to compare two strategies: (1) universal vaccination of adults aged 60 years with one DOSE of PPV23 and 2) current practice (vaccination of institutionalized elderly and elderly with underlying diseases)
532. Evaluation of the Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Delivered by Aerosol to the Lungs of Macaques.
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- Polyfunctional CD4 T cells were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 8 weeks following vaccination in a DOSE-dependent manner
533. Dose-dependent effects of experimental infection with the virulent Neospora caninum Nc-Spain7 isolate in a pregnant mouse model.
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- Considering these results, it is reasonable to lower the challenge DOSE to 10(5) tachyzoites in further experiments when assessing drugs or vaccine candidates.
534. Efficacy and long-term durability of intradermal recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccine among intramuscular vaccine nonresponders: A prospective study in healthcare personnel.
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- The medical records of 4007 healthcare personnel who had worked in the hospital between 1996 and 2006 were examined and those with an unsatisfactory level (<10 mIU/ml) of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) following two courses of a three-DOSE intramuscular HBV vaccine ("nonresponders") were identified
- Nonresponders were vaccinated with three DOSEs of 5 µg of intradermal recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen-based vaccine at weeks 0, 2, and 4
- Level of HBsAb was determined 4 weeks after the last DOSE, and an additional DOSE was administered as needed
- HBsAb level was again determined 24 weeks after the final vaccine DOSE to assess late immune reactivity and long-term durability of the vaccine
- The proportion of subjects with satisfactory HBsAb level at 4 weeks after the last administered DOSE was 70.3% (19/27)
535. Immunogenicity and Safety of a 9-Valent HPV Vaccine.
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- Subjects (N = 3066) received a 3-DOSE regimen of 9vHPV vaccine administered at day 1, month 2, and month 6
- At 4 weeks after DOSE 3, >99% of girls, boys, and young women seroconverted for each vaccine HPV type
- Persistence of anti-HPV responses was demonstrated through 2.5 years after DOSE 3
536. Immunogenicity and safety of an E. coli-produced bivalent human papillomavirus (type 16 and 18) vaccine: A randomized controlled phase 2 clinical trial.
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- The designated DOSEs are the combined micrograms of HPV16 and 18 VLPs with DOSE ratio of 2:1
- All but one of the seronegative participants who received 3 DOSEs of the HPV vaccines seroconverted at month 7 for anti-HPV 16/18 neutralizing antibodies and IgG antibodies
537. Safety and efficacy of a new octavalent combined Erysipelas, Parvo and Leptospira vaccine in gilts against Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona associated disease and foetal death.
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- The safety (2× overDOSE and repeated DOSE) was tested in 26 gilts
538. Local radiotherapy and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to generate abscopal responses in patients with metastatic solid tumours: a proof-of-principle trial.
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539. Modulatory effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide on a DNA vaccine against nervous necrosis virus in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides).
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- The incorporation of CpG ODN at high DOSE did not significantly affect the level of NNV-specific antibodies, but was able to moderately enhance the expression of Mx and IL-1β on day 7, indicating its ability in modulating innate response
540. Choice of measures of vaccination and estimates of risk of pediatric pertussis.
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- Vaccination uptake at the individual level can be assessed in a variety of ways, including traditional measures of being up-to-date (UTD), measures of UTD that consider DOSE timing, like age-appropriate vaccination, and risk reduction from individual DOSEs
- There was a decrease in risk of pertussis for each additional DOSE received with the greatest reduction in pertussis infection observed from the first (OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.83) and second DOSE (OR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.34)
- Additional DOSEs conferred minimal additional protection in this age group
- Examining vaccination status by individual DOSEs may offer improved predictive capacity for identifying children at risk for pertussis infection compared to the traditional UTD measure.
541. Evaluation of recombinant SEA-TSST fusion toxoid for protection against superantigen induced toxicity in mouse model.
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- Approximately 80% and 50% of actively and passively immunized mice respectively were protected from lethal DOSE against S
542. Influenza vaccination in children primed with MF59-adjuvanted or non-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine.
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- We compared the safety and immunogenicity of vaccination with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) versus MF59-adjuvanted TIV (aTIV) in children who received 2 half or full DOSEs of aTIV or TIV, or non-influenza control vaccine, in an efficacy trial conducted 2 years earlier
- The response to the B/Victoria lineage antigen in the second year's vaccine (the first vaccine contained a B/Yamagata lineage antigen) demonstrated that aTIV primed for an adequate response after a single DOSE on Day 22 (GMTs 160, 95 to antigens in the 2 lineages, respectively), whereas TIV did not (GMTs 38, 20)
543. A Comparison of Red Fluorescent Proteins to Model DNA Vaccine Expression by Whole Animal In Vivo Imaging.
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- A protective immune response against H1N1 influenza was induced by all routes, even after a single DOSE of DNA, though qualitative differences were observed, with tattooing leading to high antibody responses and subcutaneous DNA leading to high CD8 responses
544. Effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child transmission practice in three provinces of Southern China.
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- We selected prefectures with low timely birth DOSE coverage in Yunnan, Guangxi, and Hunan provinces
- HBeAg status of pregnant women, timely birth DOSE (TBD) of hepatitis B vaccine were major predictors for HBV infection of infants
545. Yellow Fever Vaccine Booster Doses: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2015.
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- On February 26, 2015, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted that a single primary DOSE of yellow fever vaccine provides long-lasting protection and is adequate for most travelers
- ACIP also approved recommendations for at-risk laboratory personnel and certain travelers to receive additional DOSEs of yellow fever vaccine (Box)
- The evidence for benefits and risks associated with yellow fever vaccine booster DOSEs was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework
- This report summarizes the evidence considered by ACIP and provides the updated recommendations for yellow fever vaccine booster DOSEs.
546. Microneedle Vaccination Elicits Superior Protection and Antibody Response over Intranasal Vaccination against Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) in Mice.
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- As vaccine DOSE for IN vaccination increased, MN-immunized sera showed much higher antigen-specific antibody responses and HI titer than other IN groups
547. Intussusception following rotavirus vaccination in the Valencia Region, Spain.
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548. Understanding paratyphoid infection: study protocol for the development of a human model of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A challenge in healthy adult volunteers.
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- Paratyphi A bacteria (NVGH308 strain) with a bicarbonate buffer solution to establish the infectious DOSE resulting in an 'attack rate' of 60-75%
- Using an a priori decision-making algorithm, the challenge DOSE will be escalated or de-escalated to achieve the target attack rate, with the aim of reaching the study end point while exposing as few individuals as possible to infection
549. Rationally designed chemokine-based toxin targeting the viral G protein-coupled receptor US28 potently inhibits cytomegalovirus infection in vivo.
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550. Enhanced neutralising antibody response to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) induced by DNA vaccination in calves.
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- Increasing the DOSE of DNA plasmid to activate innate immunity has been shown to improve DNA vaccine adaptive immunity
551. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Safety and Immunogenicity of the Killed, Bivalent, Whole-Cell Oral Cholera Vaccine in Ethiopia.
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- The vaccine, given in a two-DOSE regimen, has been evaluated in a large number of human volunteers in India, Vietnam, and Bangladesh, where it has demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy
- OCV was found to be safe and elicited a robust immunological response against Vibrio cholerae O1, with 81% adults and 77% children demonstrating seroconversion 14 days after the second DOSE of vaccine
552. Antiviral activity of silymarin against chikungunya virus.
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553. The Efficacy and Duration of Protection of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Against Nasopharyngeal Carriage: A Meta-regression Model.
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- We used data from 22 carriage surveys (15 independent studies) from 5 to 64 months after the last PCV DOSE, including 14,298 children
554. Vaccines against human papillomavirus in low and middle income countries: a review of safety, immunogenicity and efficacy.
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- The findings from the only study that investigated less than three DOSEs of the bivalent HPV-16/18 vaccine suggest that even with less than three DOSEs, antibody levels were still comparable with older women where efficacy has been proven
- Overall, the LMIC of Africa where immune compromising/modulating situations are prevalent, there is need for long term immunogenicity as well as surveillance studies for long term clinical effectiveness after two and three DOSE regimens.
555. Risk of febrile seizure after measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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- Thirty-one published or unpublished clinical trials involving about 40,000 subjects did not show significant differences in incidence of febrile seizure or vaccine related febrile seizure between MMRV and MMR with or without varicella vaccine after any DOSEs, in the risk windows of 0-28, 0-42 or 0-56 days and 7-10 days
- First MMRV vaccine DOSE in children aged 10-24 months was associated with an elevated risk of seizure or febrile seizure
556. Outbreak of varicella in a highly vaccinated preschool population.
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- Varicella vaccine is available for private purchase in Beijing, with single DOSE recommended for children aged ≥12 months before 2013
- Among these children, 135(93.7%) had received single-DOSE varicella vaccine before the outbreak
- High single-DOSE varicella vaccination coverage is effective in reducing varicella incidence, but not sufficient to prevent outbreak
- To control varicella outbreak a second DOSE may deserve additional consideration.
557. Bridging non-human primate correlates of protection to reassess the Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed booster schedule in humans.
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- A reduction in AVA booster frequency would lessen the burden of vaccination, reduce the cumulative frequency of vaccine associated adverse events and potentially expand vaccine coverage by requiring fewer DOSEs per schedule
- In the present analysis, cross-species logistic regression models of this COP were used to predict probability of survival during a 43 month study in humans receiving the current 3-DOSE priming and 4 boosters (12, 18, 30 and 42 months; 7-IM) and reduced schedules with boosters at months 18 and 42 only (5-IM), or at month 42 only (4-IM)
558. Efficacy of fewer than three doses of an HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine: combined analysis of data from the Costa Rica Vaccine and PATRICIA Trials.
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- There is some evidence to suggest that one or two DOSEs of the HPV vaccine provides similar protection to the three-DOSE regimen
- The main aim of the study was to ascertain HPV-16/18 vaccine efficacy in both full and naive cohorts and to explore protection conferred against non-vaccine HPV types, by number of DOSEs received
- Summary data from the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial (CVT; NCT00128661) and ~the PATRICIA trial (NCT001226810), two phase 3, double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trials of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in young women, were combined in a post-hoc analysis (GlaxoSmithKline [GSK] e-track number 202142) to investigate the efficacy of fewer than three DOSEs of the HPV-16/18 vaccine after 4 years of follow-up
- Women were randomly assigned to receive three DOSEs of the HPV-16/18 vaccine or to a control vaccine; yet, some received fewer DOSEs
- After exclusion of women with less than 12 months of follow-up or those who were HPV-16/18 DNA-positive at enrolment (for the HPV-16/18 endpoint), we calculated vaccine efficacy against one-time detection of incident HPV infections after three, two, and one DOSE(s)
- We assessed vaccine efficacy against incident HPV-16/18 infection in the modified total vaccinated cohort (22 327 received three DOSEs, 1185 two DOSEs, 543 one DOSE)
- Vaccine efficacy against incident HPV-16/18 infections for three DOSEs was 77·0% (95% CI 74·7-79·1), two DOSEs was 76·0% (62·0-85·3), and one DOSE was 85·7% (70·7-93·7)
- Vaccine efficacy against incident HPV-31/33/45 infections for three DOSEs was 59·7% (56·0-63·0), two DOSEs was 37·7% (12·4-55·9), and one DOSE was 36·6% (-5·4 to 62·2)
- Vaccine efficacy against incident HPV-16/18 infection for two-DOSE women who received their second DOSE at 1 month was 75·3% (54·2-87·5) and 82·6% (42·3-96·1) for those who received the second DOSE at 6 months (CVT data only)
- Vaccine efficacy against HPV-31/33/45 for two-DOSE women who received their second DOSE at 6 months (68·1%, 27·0-87·0; CVT data only), but not those receiving it at one month (10·1%, -42·0 to 43·3), was similar to the three-DOSE group
- 4 years after vaccination of women aged 15-25 years, one and two DOSEs of the HPV-16/18 vaccine seem to protect against cervical HPV-16/18 infections, similar to the protection provided by the three-DOSE schedule
- Two DOSEs separated by 6 months additionally provided some cross-protection
- These data argue for a direct assessment of one-DOSE efficacy of the HPV-16/18 vaccine
559. Risk of Intussusception After Rotavirus Vaccination: Meta-analysis of Postlicensure Studies.
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- Meta-analysis based on estimates of relative risk and corresponding 95% confidence intervals from 5 postlicensure studies providing an estimate of risk of intussusception during the 7-day period after administration of DOSE 1 and/or DOSE 2 of RV1 and/or RV5, based on active and/or passive surveillance, for confirmed intussusception cases (Brighton or other method of case confirmation)
- For each vaccine, the relative risk of intussusception was estimated postDOSE 1 and postDOSE 2
- The overall estimate of relative risk of intussusception during the 7 days postDOSE 1 was 5.4 (95% confidence interval: 3.9-7.4, 3 studies) for RV1 and 5.5 (3.3-9.3, 3 studies) for RV5
- The overall estimate of relative risk of intussusception during the 7 days postDOSE 2 was 1.8 (1.3-2.5, 4 studies) for RV1 and 1.7 (1.1-2.6, 3 studies) for RV5
- This meta-analysis showed a similar increased risk of intussusception, during the first 7 days after administration of DOSE 1 and, to a lesser extent, DOSE 2, for both currently available rotavirus vaccines
560. Immune response in domestic ducks following intradermal delivery of inactivated vaccine against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus adjuvanted with oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs.
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- In addition, the use of a CpG-ODN adjuvant had a DOSE-sparing effect on antibody titer
- Furthermore, when a high DOSE of antigen was used, the CpG-ODN-adjuvanted vaccine maintained a high mean antibody titer
561. Use of Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccines in Persons Aged ≥10 Years at Increased Risk for Serogroup B Meningococcal Disease: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2015.
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- In October 2014, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed the first serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccine (MenB-FHbp [Trumenba, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc.]) as a 3-DOSE series
- In January 2015, FDA licensed a second MenB vaccine (MenB-4C [Bexsero, Novartis Vaccines]) as a 2-DOSE series
562. A novel chimeric flagellum fused with the multi-epitope vaccine CTB-UE prevents Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer in a BALB/c mouse model.
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- pylori colonization was performed using BALB/c mice by oral immunization with a triple DOSE of this vaccine strain
563. Spillover effect of HIV-specific foreign aid on immunization services in Nigeria.
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- US$1 increase in HIV aid per capita was associated with a decrease in the probability of receipt of vaccines by 8-31%: polio first DOSE decreased by 8%; polio final DOSE by 9%; diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) first DOSE by 11%; DPT final DOSE by 19%; measles by 31%; final DOSEs of polio and DPT plus measles vaccine by 8%
564. Lipophilic Muramyl Dipeptide-Antigen Conjugates as Immunostimulating Agents.
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565. The doses of 10 μg should replace the doses of 5 μg in newborn hepatitis B vaccination in China: A cost-effectiveness analysis.
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- To identify whether Chinese current series of three 5 μg DOSEs for newborn hepatitis B vaccination should be replaced by the series of three 10 μg DOSEs
- The expected cost and effectiveness were compared between the 3-DOSE 5 μg series (the 5 μg strategy) and the 3-DOSE 10 μg series (the 10 μg strategy), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER, additional cost per quality-adjusted life-years gained) was calculated
- Under keeping all the other parameters at the base-case values or further adjusting any one of them to the value most unfavorable to the 10 μg strategy, as long as the efficacy of 3-DOSE 10 μg series was slightly higher than that of 3-DOSE 5 μg series, the 10 μg strategy would be cost-effective, highly cost-effective, or even cost-saving
- The DOSEs of 10 μg should be considered to replace the DOSEs of 5 μg in newborn hepatitis B vaccination in China.
566. Sequential chemoimmunotherapy of experimental visceral leishmaniasis using a single low dose of liposomal amphotericin B and a novel DNA vaccine candidate.
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- Here we show that the DNA vaccine candidate can boost the efficacy of a single suboptimal DOSE of liposomal amphotericin B in C57BL/6 mice.
567. Modelling the immunological response to a tetravalent dengue vaccine from multiple phase-2 trials in Latin America and South East Asia.
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- We find that the CYD-TDV vaccine generates similar titres against all serotypes following the third DOSE, though DENV4 is immunodominant after the first DOSE
568. Risk of Herpes Zoster and Disseminated Varicella Zoster in Patients Taking Immunosuppressant Drugs at the Time of Zoster Vaccination.
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- Most patients were taking low-DOSE corticosteroids
569. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in adults undergoing immunosuppressive treatment for inflammatory diseases--a longitudinal study.
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- Of 201 included patients, 35 received high-DOSE corticosteroids and 181 were given immunosuppressive drugs
- Sustained high-DOSE corticosteroids were associated with poor vaccine response and more infections.
570. Prevalence and associated factors of seasonal influenza vaccination among 24- to 59-month-old children in Hong Kong.
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- The prevalence of having taken up at least one DOSE and two DOSEs of IV among children aged 24-59 months was 58.9 and 42.4%, respectively
571. Cost-effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in Vietnam.
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- From the societal perspective, incremental costs per discounted case, death and DALY averted were US$ 6252, US$ 26,476 and US$ 1231, respectively; the break-even vaccine price was US$ 0.69/DOSE
- From the governmental perspective, the results were US$ 6954, US$ 29,449, and US$ 1373, respectively; the break-even vaccine price was US$ 0.48/DOSE
572. Evaluation of the Efficacy, Potential for Vector Transmission, and Duration of Immunity of MP-12, an Attenuated Rift Valley Fever Virus Vaccine Candidate, in Sheep.
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- This study demonstrates that the MP-12 vaccine given as a single DOSE in sheep generates protective immunity to a virulent challenge with antibody duration of at least 2 years, with no evidence of a risk for vector transmission.
573. Serological Correlates of Protection against a GII.4 Norovirus.
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- The immunogenicity of two DOSEs of bivalent genogroup 1 genotype 1 (GI.1)/GII.4 (50 μg of virus-like particles [VLPs] of each strain adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide and 3-O-desacyl-4'monophosphoryl lipid A [MPL]) norovirus vaccine administered to healthy adults in a phase 1/2 double-blind placebo-controlled trial was determined using virus-specific serum total antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), IgG, IgA, and histoblood group antigen (HBGA)-blocking assays
- Serum antibody responses were observed in vaccine recipients by all antibody assays, with first-DOSE seroresponse frequencies ranging from 88 to 100% for the GI.1 antigen and from 69 to 84% for the GII.4 antigen
- There was little increase in antibody levels after the second vaccine DOSE
574. Rational Basis for Optimizing Short and Long-term Hepatitis B Virus Prophylaxis Post Liver Transplantation: Role of Hepatitis B Immune Globulin.
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- After liver transplantation, the combination of long-term antiviral and low-DOSE hepatitis B Immune globulin (HBIG) can effectively prevent HBV recurrence in greater than 90% of transplant recipients
575. Optimization of Prime-Boost Vaccination Strategies Against Mouse-Adapted Ebolavirus in a Short-Term Protection Study.
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- Each vaccine platform was titrated in mice to identify which DOSE (single immunization) induced approximately 20% protection after challenge with a mouse-adapted EBOV
- These DOSEs were then used to determine the protection efficacy of various prime-boost combinations, using the same mouse model
576. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an EV71 virus-like particle vaccine against lethal challenge in newborn mice.
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- Our results showed that EV71 VLPs could elicit high titers of neutralizing antibodies (NTAbs) in a DOSE-dependent manner and NTAbs were sustained after the second injection with an average GMT (geometric mean titer) level from 19 to 2960 in immunized mice
- Survival rates were 100%, 100%, 85%, and 40% after challenge with 15 LD50 (median lethal DOSE) of EV71 in these newborn mice, respectively
- ED50 (50% effective DOSE) of VLPs was 0.20 μg/DOSE in newborn mice, while NTAb titer under this dosage was about 50
577. A retrospective pooled analysis assessing the effect of age on the immunogenicity of Havrix™ in healthy adults.
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- This retrospective pooled analysis of 4 2-DOSE primary vaccination studies compared the immunogenicity and safety of the inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in adults aged ≥ 40 years with subjects aged 20-30 years (control group; N = 80 in each group)
- Fifteen days after the first vaccine DOSE, 79.7% (95% CI: 68.8-88.2) and 92.3% (95% CI: 84.0-97.1) of subjects were seropositive in the ≥ 40 years and control groups, respectively; 97.5% (95% CI: 91.2-99.7) and 97.4% (95% CI: 91.0-99.7), respectively, were seropositive one month after the first DOSE
- All subjects in both groups (95% CIs: 95.4-100 and 95.3-100, respectively) were seropositive one month after the second DOSE
- In conclusion, the inactivated hepatitis A vaccine induced similar immune responses in adults aged ≥ 40 and 20-30 years one month after the first and second DOSE whereas younger subjects may demonstrate a higher seroconversion rate 15 days after the first DOSE.
578. Determinants of EV71 immunogenicity and protection against lethal challenge in a mouse model.
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- Furthermore, these neutralizing antibodies could protect neonatal mice from lethal DOSE challenge with various circulating EV71 viruses
579. An Open Label Non-inferiority Trial Assessing Vibriocidal Response of a Killed Bivalent Oral Cholera Vaccine Regimen following a Five Year Interval in Kolkata, India.
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- To assess whether an OCV regimen given after five years can elicit an antibody response equal to that of a primary series, we compared vibriocidal antibody titers in previously immunized participants receiving a two DOSE booster regimen to participants receiving a primary two DOSE immunization series
- Among participants receiving a two DOSE primary series of OCV (n = 186), 69% (95% CI 62%-76%) seroconverted
- In the intervention arm (n = 184), 66% (95% CI 59%-73%) seroconverted following a two DOSE boosting schedule given five years following the initial series
- Following a single boosting DOSE, 71% (95% CI 64%-77%) seroconverted
- Though a single boosting DOSE induces a strong immune response, further investigations are needed to measure if these findings translate to clinical protection.
580. Challenges in early clinical development of adjuvanted vaccines.
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- A three-step approach to the early development of adjuvanted vaccine candidates is proposed, the goal of which is to allow ample space for exploratory and hypothesis-generating human experiments and to select DOSE(s) and dosing schedule(s) to bring into full development
- The immunogenicity end-points chosen for early development should be critically selected: an established immunological parameter with a well characterized assay should be selected as primary end-point for DOSE and schedule finding; exploratory information-rich end-points should be limited in number and based on pre-defined hypothesis generating plans, including system biology and pathway analyses
- In order to obtain the multiple formulations necessary for the DOSE and schedule finding, "bed-side mixing" of various components of the vaccine is often necessary: this is a complex and underestimated area that deserves serious research and logistical support.
581. New tools for NTD vaccines: A case study of quality control assays for product development of the human hookworm vaccine Na-APR-1M74.
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- The mutated version, Na-APR-1(M74), was then expressed at the cGMP level using a Nicotiana benthamiana expression system (Fraunhofer, CMB, Delaware, MD), formulated with Alhydrogel®, and used to immunize mice in a DOSE-ranging study to explore the enzyme-neutralizing capacity of the resulting anti- Na-APR-1(M74) IgG
582. Post-marketing monitoring of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination in Japan.
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- Expected numbers of IS cases were estimated using the number of vaccine DOSEs distributed and the Japanese incidence rate of IS stratified by month of age
- The observed versus expected analysis considered the IS cases for each risk period (7 and 30 days post-vaccination) and for each vaccine DOSE (two DOSEs)
- Before January 2013, approximately 601 000 Rotarix(TM) DOSEs were distributed in Japan
- For a risk period of 7 days post-DOSE 1 and post-DOSE 2, 10 and five IS cases were observed, whereas 3.4 and 7.6 were expected, providing an observed-to-expected ratio of 2.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42; 5.45) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.21; 1.53), respectively
- For a risk period of 30 days post-DOSE 1 and post-DOSE 2, 14 and eight cases were observed, whereas 14.5 and 32.7 were expected, providing an observed-to-expected ratio of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.53; 1.62) and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.11; 0.48), respectively
- A statistically significant excess of IS cases was observed within 7 days post-DOSE 1, but not post-DOSE 2
583. Recent insights into cutaneous immunization: How to vaccinate via the skin.
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- Today, there is evidence for increased efficacy of cutaneously delivered vaccines allowing for DOSE reduction and providing a minimally invasive alternative to traditional vaccination
584. Rapid assessment of antibody-induced ricin neutralization by employing a novel functional cell-based assay.
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585. Preclinical refinements of a broadly protective VLP-based HPV vaccine targeting the minor capsid protein, L2.
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- An ideal prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine would provide broadly protective and long-lasting immune responses against all high-risk HPV types, would be effective after a single DOSE, and would be formulated in such a manner to allow for long-term storage without the necessity for refrigeration
- First, we assessed the role of antigen DOSE and boosting on immunogenicity
- Mice immunized with 16L2-MS2 VLPs at DOSEs ranging from 2 to 25 μg with or without alum were highly immunogenic at all DOSEs; alum appeared to have an adjuvant effect at the lowest DOSE
586. Controlled delivery of a metabolic modulator promotes regulatory T cells and restrains autoimmunity.
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- Treatment of mice with PHCCC NPs every three days delayed disease onset and decreased disease severity compared with mice treated with soluble drug at the same DOSE and frequency
587. Repeated Low-Dose Influenza Virus Infection Causes Severe Disease in Mice: a Model for Vaccine Evaluation.
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- In traditional vaccine research and development, a single high-DOSE virus challenge of animals is used to evaluate vaccine efficacy
- In the present study, we developed a novel challenge model by infecting mice repeatedly in short intervals with low DOSEs of influenza A virus
- Our results show that compared to a single high-DOSE infection, mice that received repeated low-DOSE challenges showed earlier morbidity and mortality and more severe disease
- A commercial trivalent influenza vaccine protected mice against a single high and lethal DOSE of influenza A virus but was ineffective against repeated low-DOSE virus challenges
- Overall, our data show that the repeated low-DOSE influenza A virus infection mouse model is more stringent and may thus be more suitable to select for highly efficacious influenza vaccines
- Traditional models based on a single high-DOSE virus challenge may have limitations
- Here, we describe a new mouse model based on repeated low-DOSE influenza A virus challenges given within a short period
- Repeated low-DOSE challenges caused more severe disease in mice, associated with higher viral loads and increased lung inflammation and reduced influenza A virus-specific B and T cell responses
- A commercial influenza vaccine that was shown to protect mice from high-DOSE challenge was ineffective against repeated low-DOSE challenges
- Overall, our results show that the low-DOSE repeated-challenge model is more stringent and may therefore be better suited for preclinical vaccine efficacy studies.
588. Do parental education and income matter? A nationwide register-based study on HPV vaccine uptake in the school-based immunisation programme in Norway.
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- In the study sample, 78.3% received at least one DOSE of HPV vaccine and 73.6% received all three DOSEs
589. [Immunogenicity of recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus in chickens].
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- First, the immunized and control chickens were challenged by IBDV/DQ at lethal DOSE to determine the protective ratio
590. Association Between Cumulative Psychosocial Risk and Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Female Adolescents in a Free Vaccination Program.
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- Multiple logistic regression analyses showed associations with unweighted and weighted number of psychosocial indicators for HPV any type (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.2), with the strongest associations between weighted drug/alcohol use, drug/alcohol dependency risk, and antisocial/delinquent behavior and detection of HPV vaccine types (aOR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.0) independent of number of recent sexual partners and vaccine DOSE (0-3)
- Increased HPV infections including HPV vaccine types were associated with greater number of psychosocial risk indicators even after controlling for demographics, sexual behavior, history of chlamydia, and vaccine DOSE.
591. Two or three primary dose regime for Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
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- Before introducing the vaccine in routine immunization programs, it is important to know not only the cumulative efficacy but also the efficacy of each vaccine DOSE
- The primary objective of this review is to find whether two primary DOSE schedule of Hib vaccine is equally efficacious as the standard three primary DOSE schedule
- Pooled vaccine efficacy using a fixed effects model against confirmed invasive Hib disease following the 3, 2 and 1 primary DOSE schedule were 82% [95% confidence interval (CI) 73-87], 79% (95% CI 54-90) and 65% (95% CI 23-84), respectively, and the overall efficacy was 80% (95% CI 72-85)
- To conclude, we found that Hib conjugate vaccine is highly efficacious and that the two DOSE regime is as good as the three DOSE regime
592. Cost-effectiveness of norovirus vaccination in children in Peru.
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- We used a Markov decision model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding a two-DOSE NV vaccine to Peru's routine childhood immunization schedule using two recent estimates of NV incidence, one for a peri-urban region and one for a jungle region of the country
593. Classical swine fever virus marker vaccine strain CP7_E2alf: Shedding and dissemination studies in boars.
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- In detail, the shedding and dissemination pattern of Suvaxyn(®) CSF Marker ("CP7_E2alf") was assessed in 12 adult boars after single intramuscular vaccination with a tenfold vaccine DOSE
594. Chorioamnionitis following vaccination in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System.
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- In October 2012, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended a DOSE of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) during each pregnancy, irrespective of the woman's prior history of receiving Tdap
595. Combining Active Immunization with Monoclonal Antibody Therapy To Facilitate Early Initiation of a Long-Acting Anti-Methamphetamine Antibody Response.
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- Indeed, even after 4 months the METH vaccine antibodies still had the capacity to significantly reduce METH brain concentrations resulting from a 0.56 mg/kg METH DOSE.
596. Persistent dilemmas in zoster eye disease.
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- Although there is a consensus regarding use of acute high-DOSE oral antiviral treatment to reduce ocular complications, there is limited evidence for prolonged treatment
597. Efficacy of Artemisia annua polysaccharides as an adjuvant to hepatitis C vaccination.
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- Ninety female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: high-DOSE AAP (1 mg/mL) + HCV/NS3 plasmid; middle-DOSE AAP (0.5 mg/mL) + HCV/NS3 plasmid; low-DOSE AAP (0.1 mg/mL) + HCV/NS3 plasmid; HCV/NS3 plasmid; high-DOSE AAP (1 mg/mL); normal saline control (N = 15)
- Except the control group and the high-DOSE AAP group, other groups were inoculated with 50 μg pcDNA3.1-HCV/NS3 plasmid
- Compared with single inoculation with HCV/NS3 DNA vaccine, the specific antibody levels induced by middle-DOSE AAP plus HCV/NS3 DNA vaccine were significantly different in weeks 1, 3 and 5 (P < 0.05)
- However, there were no significant differences in the antibody levels induced by high-DOSE and low-DOSE AAP as adjuvant compared with those of single inoculation with DNA vaccine (P > 0.05)
598. Self-collected buccal swabs and rapid, real-time PCR during a large measles outbreak in Wales: Evidence for the protective effect of prior MMR immunisation.
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- The outbreak data confirms the protective effect of the MMR vaccine with vaccine efficacy calculated at 96% for one DOSE and 99% for two DOSEs supporting the WHO recommendations for a two DOSE MMR immunisation schedule.
599. Vaccination and Risk for Developing Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control and Cohort Studies.
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- Childhood or adult immunizations with any vaccine type, at any DOSE, and with any vaccine schedule were used as inclusion criteria
600. Sunitinib depletes myeloid-derived suppressor cells and synergizes with a cancer vaccine to enhance antigen-specific immune responses and tumor eradication.
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- We first demonstrated that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with sunitinib alone DOSE-dependently depleted myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor, spleen and in circulation
- The intrinsic immunosuppressive activity of residual MDSCs after sunitinib treatment was not changed in a DOSE-dependent fashion
601. Cost-effectiveness of live oral attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in Tanzania.
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- The average unit cost per vaccine DOSE at 93% coverage is US$ 8.4, with marked difference between the urban facility US$ 5.2; and the rural facility US$ 9.8
602. Oral delivery of wafers made from HBsAg-expressing maize germ induces long-term immunological systemic and mucosal responses.
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- Long-term immunological memory was assessed in mice injected with a primary DOSE of Recombivax and boosted with orally-delivered HBsAg wafers, control wafers, or parenterally-delivered commercial vaccine (Recombivax)
603. Primary endpoints for future prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccine trials: towards infection and immunobridging.
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- The goals of these trials could include change of vaccine DOSE or route of administration (or both), development of second-generation vaccines, and the regional manufacture of biosimilar vaccines
604. Dendritic cell-derived interleukin-15 is crucial for therapeutic cancer vaccine potency.
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- A single low-DOSE of DCIL-15 (not rIL-15)-based DC vaccines induced therapeutic antitumor immunity
605. Nanoparticulate STING agonists are potent lymph node-targeted vaccine adjuvants.
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- Further, NP-cdGMP promoted durable antibody titers that were substantially higher than those promoted by the well-studied TLR agonist monophosphoryl lipid A and comparable to a much larger DOSE of unformulated cdGMP, without the systemic toxicity of the latter
606. Lessons learnt from the first controlled human malaria infection study conducted in Nairobi, Kenya.
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- Detailed reasoning regarding the study design (for example, DOSE and route of administration of PfSPZ Challenge, criteria for grouping volunteers according to prior exposure to malaria and duration of follow-up post CHMI) are given and changes other centres may want to consider for future studies are suggested
607. Evaluation of the Salmonella enterica Serovar Pullorum Pathogenicity Island 2 Mutant as a Candidate Live Attenuated Oral Vaccine.
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- S06004ΔSPI2 was severely less virulent than the parental wild-type strain S06004 as determined by the 50% lethal DOSE (LD50) for 3-day-old chickens when injected intramuscularly
- Two-day-old chickens immunized with a single oral DOSE of S06004ΔSPI2 showed no differences in body weight or clinical symptoms compared with those in the negative-control group
608. Examining the cost of delivering routine immunization in Honduras.
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- At the facility level, the non-vaccine system costs per DOSE ranged widely, from US$ 25.55 in facilities delivering fewer than 500 DOSEs per year to US$ 2.84 in facilities with volume exceeding 10,000 DOSEs per year
- Cost per DOSE was higher in rural facilities despite somewhat lower wage rates for health workers in these settings; this appears to be driven by lower demand for services per health worker in sparsely populated areas, rather than increased cost of outreach
609. Cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) in the Egyptian national immunization program, 2013.
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- Two alternatives were compared: (1) general vaccination of children younger than 5 years with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), using a three-DOSE schedule without booster, and (2) no vaccination
610. Cost-effectiveness analysis of rotavirus vaccination in Argentina.
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- Two DOSEs of monovalent (RV1) rotavirus vaccine and three DOSEs of pentavalent (RV5) rotavirus vaccine were each compared to a scenario assuming no vaccination
- The price/DOSE was US$ 7.50 and US$ 5.15 for RV1 and RV5, respectively
611. Immunogenicity of poliovirus vaccines in chronically malnourished infants: a randomized controlled trial in Pakistan.
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- We compared whether inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) can be used to rapidly close the immunity gap among chronically malnourished (stunted) infants in Pakistan who will not be eligible for the 14 week IPV DOSE in routine EPI schedule
- Infants were randomized to receive one DOSE of either bivalent OPV (bOPV) alone or bOPV+IPV
- Baseline seroprevalence of PV antibodies and serum immune response to study vaccine DOSE were assessed by neutralization assay
- Vaccine PV shedding in stool was evaluated 7 days after a bOPV challenge DOSE
- Children had previously received 9-10 DOSEs of bOPV (80%) or tOPV (20%)
- One DOSE of IPV+bOPV given to malnourished children increased their serological protection (PV1, n=201, 97.6%; PV2, n=198, 96.1% and PV3, n=189, 91.7%) to parity with normally nourished children who had not received IPV (p=<0.001)
612. Recent Developments and Future Directions of Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations.
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- Recent randomized clinical trials and disease trends have prompted the ACIP to recommend that all adults aged ≥65 years receive a single DOSE of PCV13
- This is in addition to the previous recommended single DOSE of PPSV23 in the same population
613. Efficacy and safety of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine with or without a booster dose in infants and children in Africa: final results of a phase 3, individually randomised, controlled trial.
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- Herein, we report the final results from the same trial, including the efficacy of a booster DOSE
- Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) at first vaccination by block randomisation with minimisation by centre to receive three DOSEs of RTS,S/AS01 at months 0, 1, and 2 and a booster DOSE at month 20 (R3R group); three DOSEs of RTS,S/AS01 and a DOSE of comparator vaccine at month 20 (R3C group); or a comparator vaccine at months 0, 1, 2, and 20 (C3C [control group])
- The coprimary endpoints were the occurrence of malaria over 12 months after DOSE 3 in each age category
- Children were followed up for a median of 48 months (IQR 39-50) and young infants for 38 months (34-41) after DOSE 1
- The incidence of generalised convulsive seizures within 7 days of RTS,S/AS01 booster was 2·2 per 1000 DOSEs in young infants and 2·5 per 1000 DOSEs in children
- RTS,S/AS01 prevented a substantial number of cases of clinical malaria over a 3-4 year period in young infants and children when administered with or without a booster DOSE
- Efficacy was enhanced by the administration of a booster DOSE in both age categories
614. Antitumor activity of mHSP65-TTL enhanced by administration of low dose cyclophosphamide in pancreatic cancer-bearing mice.
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- The mHSP65-TTL were used to immune the C57BL/6 mice implanted with the Panc02 cancer cells, in combination with or without low DOSE cyclophosphamide (CY)
- The results showed that mHSP65-TTL significantly prolonged the survival of the pancreatic cancer bearing mice and low DOSE CY enhanced the efficacy of the mHSP65-TTL
615. Particle-to-PFU ratio of Ebola virus influences disease course and survival in cynomolgus macaques.
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- For EBOV, an obstacle in performing accurate disease modeling is a poor understanding of what constitutes an infectious DOSE in animal models
- Notably, this correlated with decreased potency in a lethal cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) model of infection; animals were infected with the same viral DOSE as determined by plaque assay, but animals that received more virus particles exhibited increased disease
- We asked if these particles cause disease in nonhuman primates by infecting monkeys with equal infectious DOSEs of genetically identical stocks possessing either high or low specific infectivities
616. A Single Dose of an Avian H3N8 Influenza Virus Vaccine Is Highly Immunogenic and Efficacious against a Recently Emerged Seal Influenza Virus in Mice and Ferrets.
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- One DOSE of the tl/TX/079/07 ca vaccine induced a robust neutralizing antibody response against the homologous (tl/TX/079/07) and two heterologous influenza viruses, including the recently emerged A/harbor seal/New Hampshire/179629/2011 (H3N8) and A/northern pintail/Alaska/44228-129/2006 (H3N8) viruses, and conferred robust protection against the homologous and heterologous influenza viruses
- The human and ferret serology data suggest that a single DOSE of the vaccine may be sufficient in older subjects
- Therefore, we generated a live attenuated avian H3N8 vaccine candidate and demonstrated that a single DOSE of the vaccine was highly immunogenic and protected mice and ferrets against homologous and heterologous H3N8 avian viruses.
617. One-year extended, monthly vaccination prophylaxis combined with hepatitis B immune globulin for hepatitis B after liver transplantation.
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- A fixed DOSE of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) was administrated during the study based on the monoprophylaxis approach, and the increase in the hepatitis B surface antibody titer was measured to evaluate the efficacy of the vaccination
618. The efficacy of inactivated West Nile vaccine (WN-VAX) in mice and monkeys.
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- Furthermore, monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) immunized three times with 2.5 μg, 5 μg or 10 μg/DOSE of WN-VAX exhibited neutralizing antibodies in their sera with titers of more than 2log10 after the second immunization
619. Induction of tumor inhibitory anti-angiogenic response through immunization with interferon Gamma primed placental endothelial cells: ValloVax™.
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- Furthermore, a safety analysis in non-tumor bearing mice bracketing the proposed clinical DOSE was conducted
620. Ubiquitinated proteins enriched from tumor cells by a ubiquitin binding protein Vx3(A7) as a potent cancer vaccine.
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- C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with different DOSEs of Ub-enriched proteins via inguinal lymph nodes or subcutaneous injection and with DRibbles, Ub-depleted proteins and whole cell lysate as comparison groups, respectively
- We found that after stimulation with inactivated tumor cells, the lymphocytes from the Ub-enriched proteins-vaccinated mice secreted high level of IFN-γ in DOSE dependent manner, in which the priming vaccination via inguinal lymph nodes injection induced higher IFN-γ level than that via subcutaneous injection
621. The effect of immunization schedule with the malaria vaccine candidate RTS,S/AS01E on protective efficacy and anti-circumsporozoite protein antibody avidity in African infants.
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- After the third DOSE, quantity and avidity were similar between the two vaccination schedules
- Change in IgG response between vaccine DOSEs merits further evaluation as a surrogate marker for RTS,S efficacy
622. The long-term immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine: contribution of universal HBV vaccination in Italy.
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- Students with a low anti-HBs titer should be considered for a booster DOSE because most will be exposed to the risk of acquiring HBV for decades.
623. Intussusception and Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccination in Singapore: Self-Controlled Case Series and Risk-Benefit Study.
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- There were 86 infants hospitalized with intussusception; 20 cases had received at least 1 DOSE of RV1
- Nearly all (19) had received their first DOSE at age >12 weeks old
- The age-adjusted relative incidence of intussusception in the 1- to 7-day period post DOSE one was 8.36 (95% CI 2.42-28.96)
- Risk of intussusception increases about 8-fold during 1-7 days after receipt of first DOSE RV1 in infants of Chinese, Malay, and Indian ethnicity in Singapore, Asia
624. An inactivated vaccine made from a U.S. field isolate of porcine epidemic disease virus is immunogenic in pigs as demonstrated by a dose-titration.
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- Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response to the selected inactivated PEDV vaccine candidate in a DOSE-titration manner
- Inactivated adjuvanted monovalent vaccines were administered intramuscularly to five week old pigs in a DOSE titration experimental design, ranging from 6.0-8.0 log10 tissue culture infective DOSE (TCID50/mL), to evaluate immunogenicity using a fluorescent foci neutralization assay (FFN), fluorescent microsphere immunoassay (FMIA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on sera
- strain via DOSE-titration
625. Anti-Gastrins Antiserum Combined with Lowered Dosage Cytotoxic Drugs to Inhibit the Growth of Human Gastric Cancer SGC7901 Cells in Nude Mice.
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- The tumor was implanted subcutaneously into the backside of BALB/c nude mice, and the combination antibody-drug treatment using low DOSE combination chemotherapy had significantly reduced median tumor volumes (62% reduction; p =0.0018) and tumor weights (53% reduction; p =0.0062) when compared to the conventional high DOSE chemotherapy treated control mice that had a corresponding similar reductive effect, using just the two standard cytotoxic drugs alone; namely by reducing the tumor volumes (65%; p =0.0016) and tumor weights (59% reduction; p=0.0033)
- Importantly, the immunological treatment had little of the toxicities and side-effects of the full chemotherapy DOSEs alone, which was effected by using a significant decrease in the dosage of chemotherapeutic drugs, while maintaining the same level of efficacy at reduction of tumor growth.
626. Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines, licensed but not funded, against rotavirus hospitalizations in the Valencia Region, Spain.
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- We compared two cohorts of vaccinated children: the first included children who received at least one DOSE of a rotavirus vaccine, and the second included children who were not vaccinated with rotavirus vaccines but received at least one DOSE of a pneumococcal vaccine, another licensed but non-funded vaccine
627. Preclinical safety and tolerability of a repeatedly administered human leishmaniasis DNA vaccine.
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- Evaluation of single-DOSE and repeated-DOSE toxicity of the vaccine candidate after i.d
628. Immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant aged ≥2 years: an open-label study.
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- In an open-label study, patients (n = 251) 3-6 months after allogeneic HSCT received 3 DOSEs of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) at 1-month intervals, a fourth DOSE 6 months later, and 1 DOSE of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) 1 month later
- In the evaluable immunogenicity population (N = 216; mean age, 37.8 years), geometric mean fold rises (GMFRs) of immunoglobulin G geometric mean concentrations from baseline to postDOSE 3 showed significant increases in antibody levels across all PCV13 serotypes (GMFR range, 2.99-23.85; 95% confidence interval lower limit, >1); there were significant declines over the next 6 months, significant increases from preDOSE 4 to postDOSE 4 (GMFR range, 3.00-6.97), and little change after PPSV23 (GMFR range, 0.86-1.12)
- Local and systemic reactions were more frequent after DOSE 4
- Six patients experienced serious adverse events possibly related to PCV13 (facial diplegia, injection-site erythema and pyrexia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and suspected lack of vaccine efficacy after DOSE 3 leading to pneumococcal infection), PCV13 and PPSV23 (Guillain-Barré syndrome), or PPSV23 (cellulitis)
- A 3-DOSE PCV13 regimen followed by a booster DOSE may be required to protect against pneumococcal disease in HSCT recipients
- DOSE 4 was associated with increased local and systemic reactions, but the overall safety profile of a 4-DOSE regimen was considered acceptable
629. Long term effectiveness of adjuvanted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine in children.
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- Sixty-nine percent of children 6 months-18 years of age in Stockholm County received at least one DOSE of Pandemrix during the 2009 pandemic
630. First clinical results of a personalized immunotherapeutic vaccine against recurrent, incompletely resected, treatment-resistant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors, based on combined allo- and auto-immune tumor reactivity.
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- Gliovac was given intradermally, together with human GM-CSF (Leukine(®)), and preceded by a regimen of regulatory T cell-depleting, low-DOSE cyclophosphamide
631. An inactivated yellow fever 17DD vaccine cultivated in Vero cell cultures.
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- The results showed that animals receiving 3 DOSEs of the inactivated vaccine (2 μg/DOSE) with alum adjuvant had neutralizing antibody titers above the cut-off of PRNT50 (Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test)
632. Prospective study of the safety and efficacy of a pancreatic cancer stem cell vaccine.
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- In this trial, we isolated and cultured pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) to produce a vaccine and prospectively evaluated its safety and efficacy in low-, medium-, and high-DOSE groups
- When the pre- and post-vaccination immunity was compared, we found that both CSC-nonspecific and CSC-specific responses were significantly increased in the high-DOSE group
633. European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases consensus recommendations for rotavirus vaccination in Europe: update 2014.
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- The prelicensure safety trials of Rotarix and RotaTeq, each in populations of more than 60,000 infants, did not reveal risk of intussusception (IS), but postvaccination surveillance in several countries, particularly Australia and Mexico, has established that the risk of IS for both vaccines after the first DOSE might be between 1:50,000 and 1:80,000
- Considerable evidence, including postvaccination surveillance data from Germany, suggests that the risk of IS can be reduced by early administration of the first DOSE of oral RV vaccine
- The previous European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases/European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition recommendations held that the first DOSE of oral RV vaccine should be given between 6 and 12 weeks of age; this recommendation is sustained but with an emphasis toward the lower range of the recommended age, that is, preferably between 6 and 8 weeks of age
634. Broadly neutralizing antibodies against the rapidly evolving porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
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- Neutralizing activity was DOSE-dependent and was maintained in the immunoglobulin fraction
635. The long-term efficacy, 13-23 years, of a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in highly endemic areas in China.
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- The birth DOSE group included 5052 children
- It seems that a booster DOSE is not necessary
- Enhancing the rate of the birth DOSE within 24h is one of the most important measures to prevent and control HBV infection.
636. Protective Efficacy of the Conserved NP, PB1, and M1 Proteins as Immunogens in DNA- and Vaccinia Virus-Based Universal Influenza A Virus Vaccines in Mice.
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- BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with a single vaccine based on NP, PB1, or M1 alone or a combination vaccine based on all three antigens and were then challenged with lethal DOSEs of the heterologous influenza virus strain A/PR/8/34 (H1N1)
- Vaccines based on NP, PB1, and M1 provided complete or partial protection against challenge with 1.7 50% lethal DOSE (LD50) of PR8 in mice
637. Synergy of Radiotherapy and a Cancer Vaccine for the Treatment of HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer.
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- A DOSE threshold of 7.5 Gy was required to elicit the dramatic antitumor response
638. Immunogenicity and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) co-administered with DTPa vaccine in Japanese children: A randomized, controlled study.
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- Infants (N=360 ) were randomized (2:1) to receive either PHiD-CV and DTPa (PHiD-CV group) or DTPa alone (control group) as 3-DOSE primary vaccination (3-4-5 months of age) and booster vaccination (17-19 months of age)
- In conclusion, PHiD-CV induced robust immune responses and was well tolerated when co-administered with DTPa in a 3-DOSE priming plus booster regimen to Japanese children.
639. Phase 1 Trials of rVSV Ebola Vaccine in Africa and Europe.
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- We performed three open-label, DOSE-escalation phase 1 trials and one randomized, double-blind, controlled phase 1 trial to assess the safety, side-effect profile, and immunogenicity of rVSV-ZEBOV at various DOSEs in 158 healthy adults in Europe and Africa
- All participants were injected with DOSEs of vaccine ranging from 300,000 to 50 million plaque-forming units (PFU) or placebo
- ZEBOV-glycoprotein-specific antibody responses were detected in all the participants, with similar glycoprotein-binding antibody titers but significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers at higher DOSEs
- In these studies, rVSV-ZEBOV was reactogenic but immunogenic after a single DOSE and warrants further evaluation for safety and efficacy
640. Comparative effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccination in community-dwelling veterans.
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- High-DOSE (HD) trivalent inactivated vaccine has increased immunogenicity in older adults compared with standard-DOSE (SD) vaccine
641. Oral administration of the Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine strain Nal2/Rif9/Rtt to laying hens at day of hatch reduces shedding and caecal colonization of Salmonella 4,12:i:-, the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium.
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- In all trials, laying type chicks were orally vaccinated with the Salmonella Typhimurium strain Nal2/Rif9/Rtt at d hatch, while the birds were challenged the next d with a different infection DOSE in each trial (low, high, and intermediate)
- For the intermediate-DOSE study, a seeder bird model was used in which one out of 3 animals were infected while all individual birds were infected in the other trials
642. Three-year duration of immunity for feline herpesvirus and calicivirus evaluated in a controlled vaccination-challenge laboratory trial.
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- After primary vaccination followed by revaccination one year later with a vaccine formulated at minimum DOSE, the cats were kept in a confined environment and challenged 3 years later with a virulent heterologous strain of feline calicivirus (FCV) and subsequently a virulent strain of feline herpesvirus (FHV)
643. [Fertility-sparing treatment for gynecologic cancer].
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- The efficacy of fertility-sparing treatment with a high-DOSE of medroxyprogesterone acetate for grade 1 endometrial cancer was proven in a Japan clinical oncology group (JCOG) phase II study
644. Four new vaccines for routine immunization in India: what about hemophilus influenza B and pneumococcal vaccine?
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- India's indigenous developed rota viral vaccine's (Rotavac) efficacy is 56% in 1(st) year compared to H influenza B (Hib) efficacy 95% and PCV13 vaccine "3 + 1" DOSE efficacy 100% (South Africa)
645. Robust and Balanced Immune Responses to All 4 Dengue Virus Serotypes Following Administration of a Single Dose of a Live Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine to Healthy, Flavivirus-Naive Adults.
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- The ideal dengue vaccine would provide protection against all serotypes after a single DOSE
- Two randomized, placebo-controlled trials were performed with 168 flavivirus-naive adults to demonstrate the safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (TV003), compared with those of a second tetravalent vaccine with an enhanced DENV-2 component (TV005), and to evaluate the benefit of a booster DOSE at 6 months
- A single DOSE of TV005 elicited a tetravalent response in 90% of vaccinees by 3 months after vaccination and a trivalent response in 98%
- Compared with TV003, the higher-DOSE DENV-2 component increased the observed frequency of immunogenicity to DENV-2 in the TV005 trial
- Both the first and second DOSEs were well tolerated
- Neither vaccine viremia, rash, nor a significant antibody boost were observed following a second DOSE
- A single subcutaneous DOSE of TV005 dengue vaccine is safe and induces a tetravalent antibody response at an unprecedented frequency among vaccinees
- A second DOSE has limited benefit and appears to be unnecessary
646. Safety and efficacy study of nasopharyngeal cancer stem cell vaccine.
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- In this trial, nasopharyngeal cancer stem cells (CSCs) were separated and cultured to produce a vaccine; its safety and efficacy were prospectively evaluated in low-, medium-, and high-DOSE groups
- When the immune responses pre- and post-vaccination were compared, we found that the CSC-specific and -nonspecific response in the medium- and high-DOSE groups were both significantly enhanced
647. Homologous and heterologous protection of nonhuman primates by Ebola and Sudan virus-like particles.
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- Previous studies have shown protection of cynomolgus macaques against homologous infection for Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) following a three-DOSE vaccine regimen of EBOV or MARV VLPs, as well as heterologous protection against Ravn Virus (RAVV) following vaccination with MARV VLPs
- The objectives of the current studies were to determine the minimum number of vaccine DOSEs required for protection (using EBOV as the test system) and then demonstrate protection against Sudan virus (SUDV) and Taï Forest virus (TAFV)
- Using the EBOV nonhuman primate model, we show that one or two DOSEs of VLP vaccine can confer protection from lethal infection
648. Comparison of three commercial one-dose porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccines in a herd with concurrent circulation of PCV2b and mutant PCV2b.
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- The objective of this study was to determine and compare the efficacy of 3 one-DOSE PCV2a vaccines of varying antigen type and DOSE in the same pig farm with concurrent PCV2b and mPCV2b infection based on clinical (average daily weight gain; ADWG), virological (evidence of viremia), immunological (presence of PCV2-specific neutralizing antibody; NA and interferon-γ secreting cells; IFN-γ-SC), and pathological (lymphoid lesion and PCV2 antigen score within lesion) evaluation
649. Consideration of the efficacy of non-ionic vesicles in the targeted delivery of oral vaccines.
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- Delivery to both the Peyer's patches and mesentery lymphatics was shown to be DOSE dependent at lower concentrations, with saturation kinetics applying at higher concentrations
- This demonstrates that in the formulation of vaccine delivery systems, the lipid/antigen DOSE ratio is not only a key factor in production cost, but is equally a key factor in the kinetics of delivery and targeting of a vaccine system.
650. Simple mathematical models do not accurately predict early SIV dynamics.
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- We evaluated the effects of several poorly known parameters on infection outcomes in this model and compared model predictions to experimental data on infection of non-human primates with variable DOSEs of simian immunodifficiency virus (SIV)
- Second, this mathematical model was not able to accurately describe the change in experimentally determined probability of host infection with increasing viral DOSEs
- Third and finally, the model was also unable to accurately explain the decline in the time to virus detection with increasing viral DOSE
651. Shigella IpaB and IpaD displayed on L. lactis bacterium-like particles induce protective immunity in adult and infant mice.
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- Immunization of adult mice with BLP-IpaB and BLP-IpaD (BLP-IpaB/D) induced high levels of Ipa-specific serum IgG and stool IgA in a DOSE-dependent manner
652. A single chimpanzee-human neutralizing monoclonal antibody provides post-exposure protection against type 1 and type 2 polioviruses.
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- We show that monoclonal antibody A12 effectively neutralizes in vitro a broad range of type 1 and type 2 wild and vaccine-derived polioviruses, provides effective pre- and post-exposure protection of TgPVR21 mice from challenge with a lethal DOSE of poliovirus
653. Structure-guided design and optimization of dipeptidyl inhibitors of norovirus 3CL protease. Structure-activity relationships and biochemical, X-ray crystallographic, cell-based, and in vivo studies.
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654. Immunogenicity and efficacy of flagellin-envelope fusion dengue vaccines in mice and monkeys.
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- In an immunogenicity study, rhesus macaques (n = 2) immunized subcutaneously with 10 μg or 90 μg of TDV three or four times, at 4- to 6-week intervals, developed neutralizing antibodies to four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes (mean post-DOSE 3 FRNT50 titers of 102 to 601)
- The animals that received 48-μg DOSEs of TDV developed neutralizing antibodies against the four serotypes (geometric mean titers of 49 to 258) and exhibited reduced viremia after DENV-2 challenge, with a group mean viremia duration of 1.25 days and 2 of 4 animals being completely protected, compared to the placebo-treated animals, which all developed viremia, with a mean duration of 4 days
655. Antigen design enhances the immunogenicity of Semliki Forest virus-based therapeutic human papillomavirus vaccines.
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- Even at an immunization DOSE of as low as 10(5) replicon particles, this novel vaccine achieved tumor regression and protection
656. Population-level impact and herd effects following human papillomavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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- We assessed heterogeneity across studies using I(2) and χ(2) statistics and we did trends analysis to examine the DOSE-response association between HPV vaccination coverage and each study effect measure
657. Antibody responses among adolescent females receiving the quadrivalent HPV vaccine series corresponding to standard or non-standard dosing intervals.
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- Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4) is recommended as a 3-DOSE series administered at 0, 1-2, and 6 months
- We conducted a prospective study to assess antibody titers to HPV4 when DOSE 2 and/or DOSE 3 were administered on schedule or delayed
- Healthy females (N=331) aged 9-18 years were enrolled at the time of receipt of HPV4 DOSE 2 or 3
- Participants were classified as belonging to one of four groups depending upon timing of receipt of HPV4: both DOSEs on time; only DOSE 2 delayed later than 90 days; only DOSE 3 delayed later than 180 days; or both DOSEs 2 and 3 delayed
- Pre- and post-DOSE 3 blood samples were assayed for HPV antibody titers (types 6, 11, 16, and 18)
- Post-DOSE 3 geometric mean titers (GMTs) for all HPV types were not significantly lower for any of the delayed dosing groups when compared to the on time group
- When compared to the on time group, the post DOSE 3 GMTs in the delayed DOSE 3 group were significantly higher (p<0.05) for HPV types 6, 11, and 16
- Our findings suggest that delays of DOSE 2 or 3 do not interfere with immune responses after completion of the 3-DOSE series
- These results support current recommendations to not administer additional DOSEs of HPV4 vaccine if DOSE 2, DOSE 3, or both DOSEs have been administered late.
658. Safety and efficacy study of lung cancer stem cell vaccine.
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- In this trial, lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) were separated and cultured to produce a vaccine; its safety and efficacy were prospectively evaluated in low-, medium-, and high-DOSE groups
- When the immune responses pre- and post-vaccination were compared, we found that the CSC-nonspecific and CSC-specific responses were both significantly enhanced in the medium- and high-DOSE groups
659. Impact of squalene-based adjuvanted influenza vaccination on graft outcome in kidney transplant recipients.
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- We retrospectively analyzed 65 kidney transplant (KT) recipients who received ≥1 DOSE of influenza vaccine (pandemic or seasonal) during the 2009-2010 campaign
660. Pertussis in infants under one year old: risk markers and vaccination status--a case-control study.
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- Data sources included epidemiological investigations, health records and vaccination records (number and dates of DTP\DTaP DOSEs scheduled at 2, 4, 6 months)
- Vaccine effectiveness was calculated by number of vaccine DOSEs stratified by age group
- Timeliness of vaccine DOSEs was also evaluated
- The distribution of the number of pertussis vaccine DOSEs 0, 1, 2 and 3 differed considerably being 42.2%, 32.7%, 15.6%, 9.5% vs
- The overall vaccine effectiveness found was 72.9%, 76.1% and 84.4%, for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd DOSEs of a pertussis vaccine
- The infant's age at the first DOSE of pertussis vaccine was recorded with follow-up until age 18 months
- The vaccine effectiveness increased with the number of vaccine DOSEs.
661. Five year follow-up after primary vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis in children.
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- A first tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine booster in children is currently suggested 3 years after completing either a conventional (DOSEs on Days 0, 28 and 300) or accelerated conventional (DOSEs on Days 0, 14 and 300) TBE immunization schedule
- To provide robust data to better inform such recommendations, TBE antibody persistence was evaluated after 3-5 years in four groups of children (aged 5-15 years): two groups previously primed with three DOSEs of Encepur(®) Children (conventional/accelerated conventional schedule); and two groups previously primed with two DOSEs of FSME-IMMUN(®) followed by a third DOSE of Encepur(®) Children (conventional/accelerated conventional schedule)
- The study thus provides support for extending the time interval for a first booster DOSE after primary vaccination (conventional/accelerated conventional schedule) with Encepur(®) Children from 3 to 5 years.
662. The impact of 2-dose routine measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccination in France on the epidemiology of varicella and zoster using a dynamic model with an empirical contact matrix.
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- The vaccination strategy of replacing both DOSEs of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) with a combined MMR and varicella (MMRV) vaccine is a means of reaching high vaccination coverage for varicella immunization
663. [The 2-dose schedule of HPV vaccines in young adolescents].
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- To summarize new knowledge about the 2-DOSE HPV vaccine schedule in young adolescents
- Higher immunogenicity of both HPV vaccines in young adolescents, as well as potential cost savings, have prompted discussions about the efficacy of the 2-DOSE HPV vaccine schedule
- Results of the immunobridging studies showed that two DOSEs of the bivalent and the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in young girls induced geometric mean antibody titers that were non-inferior to geometric mean antibody titers elicited in older girls and women with three DOSEs of the same vaccine
- Non-inferiority for HPV-16, -18, -31 and -45 was obtained for the 2-DOSE of the bivalent HPV vaccine in girls 9-14 years old in the period of 48 months and for HPV-6, -11, -16 and -18 for the 2-DOSE of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls 9-13 years old in the period of 36 months
- These results indicate that the bivalent and the quadrivalent vaccine HPV vaccine applied in 2 DOSEs has sufficient immunogenity in young girls.
664. Intralesional immunotherapy for difficult to treat warts with Mycobacterium w vaccine.
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- Thirty patients with at least one wart present on either the plantar surface of their feet, palms, volar aspect of their fingers, or periungual or subungual region, were treated with 0.1 ml of killed Mycobacterium w vaccine given intralesionally in a single wart, without any prior sensitisation DOSE
- The mean (SD) time for complete clearance of warts was 43.71(32.82) days and the mean (SD) DOSE of vaccine that was required for complete clearance of warts was 0.186 ml (0.101)
- In comparison to the earlier studies using Mycobacterium w vaccine for the treatment of warts, our study was different in the following aspects: No sensitisation DOSE was given, only a single wart was injected at a time and the duration between the period of injections was increased to four weeks
- With all these changes we eliminated the complications due to the sensitisation DOSE and achieved good results
- This study provides new insight into the DOSE and schedule of treatment of this evolving therapeutic modality.
665. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a Vero cell culture-derived whole-virus H7N9 vaccine in mice and guinea pigs.
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- The whole-virus H7N9 vaccine induced DOSE-dependent H7N9-specific HI, MN and NAi antibodies in mice and guinea pigs
- Immunized mice were protected against lethal H7N9 challenge in a DOSE-dependent manner
666. Protective efficacy and pharmacokinetics of human/mouse chimeric anti-Stx1 and anti-Stx2 antibodies in mice.
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- Mice given an otherwise lethal DOSE of Stx1 were protected from death when injected with cαStx1 either 1 h before or 1 h after toxin injection
- Additionally, streptomycin-treated mice fed the mouse-lethal STEC strain B2F1 that produces the Stx2 variant Stx2d were protected when given a DOSE of 0.1 mg of cαStx2/kg of body weight administered up to 72 h post-oral bacterial challenge
667. Blood-stage immunity to Plasmodium chabaudi malaria following chemoprophylaxis and sporozoite immunization.
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- Immunization with Plasmodium chabaudi by mosquito bite under chloroquine cover does not generate pre-erythrocytic immunity, which is acquired only after immunization with high sporozoite DOSEs
- We therefore show that CPS immunization can induce robust, long-lived heterologous blood-stage immunity, in addition to protection against pre-erythrocytic parasites following high DOSE sporozoite immunization
668. Intranasal vaccination with a plant-derived H5 HA vaccine protects mice and ferrets against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge.
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- The plant-derived vaccine, in combination with the mucosal adjuvant (3',5')-cyclic dimeric guanylic acid (c-di-GMP) was used for intranasal immunization of mice and ferrets, before challenge with a lethal DOSE of the A/Indonesia/05/05 (H5N1) virus
669. Comparison of the selective targeting efficacy of Salmonella typhimurium A1-R and VNP20009 on the Lewis lung carcinoma in nude mice.
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- typhimurium A1-R to at a least 2-fold higher DOSE than VNP20009 when the bacteria were administered iv
670. Impact of Adjuvants on the Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Split-Virion H7N9 Vaccine in Ferrets.
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- Ferrets were vaccinated with 2 DOSEs of unadjuvanted, MF59 or AS03-adjuvanted A/Shanghai/2/2013 (H7N9) vaccine, and the induction of antibodies to hemagglutinin (HA) or neuraminidase proteins was evaluated
- Although there was a difference in adjuvanticity between AS03 and MF59 at a lower DOSE (3.75 µg of HA), both adjuvants induced comparable antibody responses after 2 DOSEs of 15 µg
671. The "Performance of Rotavirus and Oral Polio Vaccines in Developing Countries" (PROVIDE) study: description of methods of an interventional study designed to explore complex biologic problems.
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- A randomized clinical trial platform evaluated the efficacy of delayed-DOSE oral rotavirus vaccine as well as the benefit of an injectable polio vaccine replacing one DOSE of oral polio vaccine
672. Infection-mimicking poly(γ-glutamic acid) as adjuvant material for effective anti-tumor immune response.
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- These DC-mediated functions were found to be facilitated by γ-PGA in a DOSE-dependent manner, with stimulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) being one of the underlying mechanisms
673. Prevention of perinatal hepatitis B transmission in Haimen City, China: Results of a community public health initiative.
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- An additional 34 HBsAg-negative babies also tested negative for antibodies to HBsAg or had indeterminate test results, were considered to have had inadequate immune responses to the vaccine, and were given a booster DOSE
674. Validation of cross-genotype neutralization by hepatitis B virus-specific monoclonal antibodies by in vitro and in vivo infection.
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- Finally, in vitro analysis of DOSE dependency revealed that the amounts of HB0478 required for complete protection against genotype C and genotype A infection were 5.5 mIU and 55 mIU, respectively
675. ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant reduces mucosal tolerance for effective pulmonary vaccination against influenza.
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- Previously we demonstrated in sheep the potency of pulmonary-delivered influenza ISCOMATRIX™ vaccine, which induces both mucosal and systemic immunity, even with low antigen DOSEs
- A single DOSE of influenza antigen, delivered to the lung without exogenous adjuvant, upregulated IL-10 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and FOXP3 expression in lung tissue, suggestive of induction of a regulatory T cell (Treg) response
676. Projected impact of vaccination timing and dose availability on the course of the 2014 west african ebola epidemic.
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- As removal of population-level susceptibility through vaccination could be a highly impactful control measure for this epidemic, we sought to estimate the number of vaccine DOSEs and timing of vaccine administration required to reduce the epidemic size
- Using effective reproductive (Re) number estimates derived from this model, we estimate that 3-4 million DOSEs of vaccine, if available and administered, could reduce Re to 0.9 in the interval from January-March 2015
677. Live Attenuated Influenza H7N3 Vaccine is Safe, Immunogenic and Confers Protection in Animal Models.
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- One DOSE of a H7N3 LAIV elicited measurable antibody response and it was further boosted with a second vaccine DOSE
678. A first-generation physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of alpha-tocopherol in human influenza vaccine adjuvant.
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- Model evaluation and uncertainty analyses indicated acceptable fit, with the fraction of DOSE taken up into the lymphatics as most influential on plasma concentration
679. The immunogenicity and safety of zoster vaccine in Taiwanese adults.
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- We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of ZOSTAVAX in a total of 150 Taiwanese subjects ≥50 years of age, who received a single DOSE of ZOSTAVAX
680. Balance of cellular and humoral immunity determines the level of protection by HIV vaccines in rhesus macaque models of HIV infection.
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- Here, we show that a gp120-CD4 chimeric subunit protein vaccine (full-length single chain) elicits heterologous protection against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) acquisition in three independent rhesus macaque repeated low-DOSE rectal challenge studies with SHIV162P3 or SIVmac251
681. The Belgian policy of funding antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals and trends of selected quality indicators for antimicrobial use, 1999-2010: a longitudinal study.
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- The surgery QI was defined as: cefazolin, DOSE in the expected range, and no use of other AM
- For pneumonia, QIs were: ratio of oral/parenteral defined daily DOSEs (DDD, O/P QI), and mean number of DDD minus penicillin, per 100 days of hospitalisation (DDD QI)
682. [Is it necessary to vaccinate against varicella?].
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- For many years, various industrialized countries have adopted an universal mass vaccination against varicella, using a one-DOSE schedule
- Recently, a 2-DOSE schedule has demonstrated an efficacy of about 98%, as well as herd immunity.
683. Protective immune response of live attenuated thermo-adapted peste des petits ruminants vaccine in goats.
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- The developed vaccine was tested for its immunogenicity in goats and sheep by subcutaneous inoculation of 100 TCID50 (0.1 field DOSE), 10(3) TCID50 (one field DOSE) and 10(5) TCID50 (100 field DOSEs) of the attenuated virus along with controls as per OIE described protocols for PPR vaccine testing and were assessed for PPRV-specific antibodies 7-28 days post vaccination (dpv) by PPR competitive ELISA and serum neutralization tests
- The attenuated vaccine did not induce any adverse reaction at high DOSE (10(5) TCID50) in goats and sheep and provided complete protection even at low DOSE (10(2) TCID50) in goats when challenged with virulent virus
684. An anti-H5N1 influenza virus FcDART antibody is a highly efficacious therapeutic agent and prophylactic against H5N1 influenza virus infection.
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- To produce a therapeutic agent that is highly efficacious at low DOSEs and is broadly specific against antigenically drifted H5N1 influenza viruses, we developed two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and combined them into a single bispecific Fc fusion protein (the Fc dual-affinity retargeting [FcDART] molecule)
- In mice, a single therapeutic or prophylactic DOSE of either monoclonal antibody at 2.5 mg/kg of body weight provided 100% protection against challenge with A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) or the antigenically drifted strain A/Whooper swan/Mongolia/244/05 (H5N1)
- In ferrets, a single 1-mg/kg prophylactic DOSE provided 100% protection against A/Vietnam/1203/04 challenge
- FcDART was also effective, as a single 2.5-mg/kg therapeutic or prophylactic DOSE in mice provided 100% protection against A/Vietnam/1203/04 challenge
- While it was possible to generate escape mutants in vitro, they were neutralized by the antibodies in vivo, as mice infected with escape mutants were 100% protected after only a single therapeutic DOSE of the antibody used to generate the escape mutant in vitro
- In mice, these antibodies provided complete protection against a spectrum of H5N1 influenza viruses at a single low DOSE
685. Efficacy and immunogenicity of single-dose AdVAV intranasal anthrax vaccine compared to anthrax vaccine absorbed in an aerosolized spore rabbit challenge model.
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- Three groups of 32 rabbits were vaccinated with a single intranasal DOSE of AdVAV (7.5 × 10(7), 1.5 × 10(9), or 3.5 × 10(10) viral particles)
- Three additional groups of 32 animals received two DOSEs of either intranasal AdVAV (3.5 × 10(10) viral particles) or intramuscular AVA (diluted 1:16 or 1:64) 28 days apart
- The placebo group of 16 rabbits received a single intranasal DOSE of AdVAV formulation buffer
- All animals were challenged via the inhalation route with a targeted DOSE of 200 times the 50% lethal DOSE (LD50) of aerosolized B
- Three of the four AdVAV DOSE cohorts tested, including two single-DOSE cohorts, achieved statistical noninferiority relative to the AVA comparator group, with survival rates between 97% and 100%
686. A native outer membrane vesicle vaccine confers protection against meningococcal colonization in human CEACAM1 transgenic mice.
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- Animals were challenged intranasally two weeks after the third DOSE with wild-type strain H44/76, or were treated IP with anti-NOMV serum before and during the bacterial challenge
687. Dosing regimen of the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccination: a systematic review.
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- We aimed to determine the optimal DOSE and timing of PPV23 booster in high-risk groups
688. Vaccine hesitancy among parents of adolescents and its association with vaccine uptake.
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- At the time of the visit, vaccination coverage was 84% for Tdap, 73% for MCV, and 45% for any DOSE of HPV
- Forty-five percent of parents disagreed with the statement that "teens can get all of the vaccines that are due at a single visit." Two individual items were associated with not receiving a DOSE of HPV vaccine that was due
689. The risk of pneumococcal infections after immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to non-vaccinated inflammatory arthritis patients.
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- All individuals in a cohort of 505 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or spondylarthropathy (SpA) receiving different anti-rheumatic treatments were immunized with a single DOSE of PCV7 (exposed group)
690. Dynamics of the cytotoxic T cell response to a model of acute viral infection.
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- We report the first in-depth analysis of the dynamics of the CD8(+) T cell repertoire at the level of individual T cell clonal lineages upon vaccination of human volunteers with a single DOSE of YF-17D
691. Efficacy of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 (HPV-16/18) AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer in young women: final event-driven analysis of the randomized, double-blind PATRICIA trial.
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- The total vaccinated cohort (TVC) included all randomized participants who received at least one vaccine DOSE (vaccine, n = 9,319; control, n = 9,325) at months 0, 1, and/or 6
- Mean follow-up was approximately 39 months after the first vaccine DOSE in each cohort
692. The case for conducting a randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy of a single dose of prophylactic HPV vaccines among adolescents.
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693. Preliminary study on the immunogenicity of a newly developed GCC Tdap vaccine and its protection efficacy against Bordetella pertussis in a murine intranasal challenge model.
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- Active reduced DOSE tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination for adolescents and adults is necessary because waning immunity after primary diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination is related to the recent emergence of pertussis
- BALB/c mice were immunized with two DOSEs of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine for priming and a subsequent Tdap booster vaccination
694. Tetanus toxin fragment C fused to flagellin makes a potent mucosal vaccine.
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- FlaB-TTFC recombinant protein induced strong tetanus-specific antibody responses in both systemic and mucosal compartments and prolonged the survival of mice after challenge with a supra-lethal DOSE of tetanus toxin
695. An adjuvanted, tetravalent dengue virus purified inactivated vaccine candidate induces long-lasting and protective antibody responses against dengue challenge in rhesus macaques.
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- The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a candidate tetravalent dengue virus purified inactivated vaccine (TDENV PIV) formulated with alum or an Adjuvant System (AS01, AS03 tested at three different DOSE levels, or AS04) was evaluated in a 0, 1-month vaccination schedule in rhesus macaques
- One month after DOSE 2, all adjuvanted formulations elicited robust and persisting neutralizing antibody titers against all four dengue virus serotypes
- Most of the formulations tested prevented viremia after challenge, with the dengue serotype 1 and 2 virus strains administered at 40 and 32 weeks post-DOSE 2, respectively
696. Characterisation of a wild-type influenza (A/H1N1) virus strain as an experimental challenge agent in humans.
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- A DOSE-ascending open-label clinical study was conducted in 29 healthy young adults screened sero-negative to the challenge strain
- Subjects were intranasally inoculated with three increasing DOSEs of virus and physician-reported signs, subjected-reported symptoms, viral shedding and immunological responses were monitored
- A DOSE-dependent increase in clinical signs and symptoms was observed with 75% of subjects developing laboratory-confirmed illness at the highest inoculum (3.5 × 10(6) TCID50)
- At the highest DOSE, physician or subject-reported signs of infection were classified as mild (all subjects), moderate (50%) and severe (16%) with peak symptoms recorded four days after infection
697. Next generation vaccines: single-dose encapsulated vaccines for improved global immunisation coverage and efficacy.
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- Vaccination coverage improvement through a single-DOSE prime-boost technology would revolutionise modern vaccinology, impacting on disease prevalence, significantly benefiting health care and lowering economic burden of disease
- Over the past 30 years, there have been efforts to develop a single-DOSE delayed release vaccine technology that could replace the repeated prime-boost immunisations required for many current vaccines
- Despite many studies showing the feasibility of vaccine encapsulation for single-DOSE prime-boost administration, none have been translated into convincing utility in animal models or human trials
- This review provides an overview of single-DOSE vaccination in the context of today's vaccine needs and is derived from a body of literature that has not been reviewed for over a decade.
698. Hepatitis B and C seroprevalence among health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Rwanda.
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- Of the 17 participants (4.5%; 17/378) who reported having received the HBV vaccine, only 3 participants (0.8%) had received the three-DOSE vaccination course
699. Randomized trial of vaccination in fingolimod-treated patients with multiple sclerosis.
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- To evaluate immune responses in fingolimod-treated patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) against influenza vaccine (to test for responses against anticipated novel antigens in seronegative patients) and recall (tetanus toxoid [TT] booster DOSE) antigens
- At week 6, patients received seasonal influenza vaccine (containing antigens of California, Perth, and Brisbane virus strains) and TT booster DOSE
700. Surrogates of protection in repeated low-dose challenge experiments.
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- Historically, these studies have usually entailed challenges (i.e., exposures) with very high DOSEs of a simian version of human immunodeficiency virus, resulting in infection of all NHPs in the experiment after a single challenge
- More recently, researchers have begun to conduct repeated low-DOSE challenge (RLC) studies in NHPs that are believed to more closely mimic typical exposure in natural human transmission settings
701. Addition of histamine to subcutaneously injected Plasmodium berghei sporozoites increases the parasite liver load and could facilitate whole-parasite vaccination.
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- A DOSE-dependent relation between parasite liver load and histamine dosage was observed
702. Increased sample volume and use of quantitative reverse-transcription PCR can improve prediction of liver-to-blood inoculum size in controlled human malaria infection studies.
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- A greater improvement would be expected in trials in which numerous subjects receive a lower LBI or low DOSE challenge
703. [Analysis of protective effect of using chickenpox live attenuated vaccine among 4-17 years old children in Minhang district, Shanghai].
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- The risk of varicella incidence and the proportion of fever or typical varicella zoster were lower in the one DOSE of VarV vaccinated; Effective protective effect was consistent in the children with domestic or imported VarV vaccination.
704. [Antibody persistence following booster vaccination with three doses of hepatitis B vaccines among low-response adults in Zhangqiu county of Shandong province: 24-month of follow-up from 2009].
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- To assess the 24-month efficacy after booster vaccination with 3 DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine among low-response adults in Zhangqiu county of Shandong province
- These groups were revaccinated with 3-DOSE of above-mentioned four kinds of HepB respectively
- Blood samples were drawn from 1 month (T1) and 24 month (T24) after the 3 DOSE revaccination, respectively
- A total of 718 low-response subjects were collected blood samples after T1 and T24 following 3 DOSEs of booster vaccination
- Protective antibody following booster vaccination with three DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccines among low-response adults after 2 years fade faster
705. Assessing the risk of measles resurgence in a highly vaccinated population: Belgium anno 2013.
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- Despite long-standing two-DOSE measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination, measles outbreaks still occur in highly vaccinated European populations
706. A nonhuman primate scrub typhus model: protective immune responses induced by pKarp47 DNA vaccination in cynomolgus macaques.
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- This study demonstrates a vaccine-induced immune response capable of conferring sterile immunity against high-DOSE homologous ID challenge of O
707. Evaluation and histological examination of a Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis small animal infection model.
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- Abortions ranged from 0% to 100% and re-isolation of causative bacteria from sampled sites varied with strain, DOSE of bacteria and time to abortion
708. Intussusception risk after RotaTeq vaccination: evaluation from worldwide spontaneous reporting data using a self-controlled case series approach.
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- A total of 502 cases occurring 0-30 days after a vaccine DOSE were studied, including 188 cases after the first DOSE, 190 cases after the second DOSE, and 124 cases after the third DOSE
- The incidence risk ratio relative to the control period was highest for the 3- to 7-day period and equal to 3.45 (95% CI 1.84-6.55), 1.63 (0.86-3.13) and 1.73 (0.86-3.51) after the first, second and third DOSE, respectively
- Rotavirus vaccination with RV5 increases the risk of intussusception 3-7 days following vaccination, mainly after the first DOSE and marginally after the second and third DOSEs
709. Effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccine in a routine immunization program: a multicenter, case-control study in Japan.
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- DTaP vaccination of ≥1 DOSE revealed a significantly lower OR for pertussis (OR=0.20, 95%CI, 0.04-0.97), and the OR of complete vaccination (4 DOSEs) was 0.22 (0.04-1.05)
- The decreasing ORs of 4-DOSE vaccinees remained, even among subjects who had received the fourth DOSE ≥9.2 years earlier (OR=0.11, 95%CI, 0.01-1.02)
- Effectiveness was observed even 9 or more years after the final DOSE.
710. Intranasal immunization with an adenovirus vaccine protects guinea pigs from Ebola virus transmission by infected animals.
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- Experimental Ebola virus (EBOV) vaccines have previously been shown to protect animals against a high DOSE intramuscular (IM) challenge, which is seen as a stringent challenge model
711. Antibody to reduction modifiable protein increases the bacterial burden and the duration of gonococcal infection in a mouse model.
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- Here we show that anti-Rmp Abs block the efficacy of mAb 2C7 in mice in a DOSE-dependent manner
712. HIV viraemia during hepatitis B vaccination shortens the duration of protective antibody levels.
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- We included in the study participants who had no history of prior HBV infection, who had received all HBV vaccine DOSEs after HIV diagnosis, and who had demonstrated an initial vaccine response, defined as HBsAb ≥ 10 IU/L
- Responders were retrospectively followed with serial HBV serology from the time of the last vaccine DOSE until the development of waning (HBsAb < 10 IU/L) or the last HBsAb measurement
- Other factors including age, number of vaccine DOSEs, CD4 count, and receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were not significantly associated with risk of waning HBsAb
713. Glassy-state stabilization of a dominant negative inhibitor anthrax vaccine containing aluminum hydroxide and glycopyranoside lipid A adjuvants.
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- Vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide and GLA elicited higher immune responses than vaccines adjuvanted with only aluminum hydroxide, with more mice responding to a single DOSE.
714. The effect of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid hydrazide on lymphocyte subsets and humoral immune response in SRBC-immunized mice.
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715. Early exposure to the combined measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and thimerosal-containing vaccines and risk of autism spectrum disorder.
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- No convincing evidence was found in this study that MMR vaccination and increasing thimerosal DOSE were associated with an increased risk of ASD onset.
716. Duration of pertussis immunity after DTaP immunization: a meta-analysis.
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- We sought to evaluate and compare the duration of protective immunity conferred by a childhood immunization series with 3 or 5 DOSEs of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP)
- Included studies contained a measure of long-term immunity to pertussis after 3 or 5 DOSEs of DTaP
- We assessed study quality and used meta-regression models to evaluate the relationship between the odds of pertussis and time since last DOSE of DTaP and to estimate the probability of vaccine failure through time
- We found no significant difference between the annual odds of pertussis for the 3- versus 5-DOSE DTaP regimens
- For every additional year after the last DOSE of DTaP, the odds of pertussis increased by 1.33 times (95% confidence interval: 1.23-1.43)
- Assuming 85% vaccine efficacy, we estimated that 10% of children vaccinated with DTaP would be immune to pertussis 8.5 years after the last DOSE
717. Bolstering Components of the Immune Response Compromised by Prior Exposure to Adenovirus: Guided Formulation Development for a Nasal Ebola Vaccine.
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- An amphiphilic polymer (F16, FW ∼39,000) significantly improved transgene expression in the presence of anti-Ad neutralizing antibodies (NAB) at concentrations of 5 times the 50% neutralizing DOSE (ND50)
718. Lipid-based mRNA vaccine delivery systems.
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- Although immune responses are generated by naked mRNAs, their formulations with chemical carriers are expected to provide more specificity and internalization in dendritic cells (DCs) for better immune responses and DOSE reduction
- The selective delivery of mRNA LBFs to favor intracellular accumulation in DCs and reduction of the effective DOSEs is discussed, notably to decorate LBFs with carbohydrates or glycomimetics allowing endocytosis in DCs
719. Pharmacokinetic correlates of the effects of a heroin vaccine on heroin self-administration in rats.
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- Vaccination also decreased HSA at low heroin unit DOSEs but produced a compensatory increase in heroin self-administration at high unit DOSEs
- Vaccination shifted the heroin DOSE-response curve to the right, indicating reduced heroin potency, and behavioral economic demand curve analysis further confirmed this effect
720. Flagellin as carrier and adjuvant in cocaine vaccine development.
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- The resulting conjugates exhibited DOSE-dependent stimulation of anti-GNE antibody production
721. Protective immune response to liposome adjuvanted high potency foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in Indian cattle.
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- A single DOSE of VacciMax-A formulation elicited higher percentage protection (63%) in VacciMax-A compared to 25% in VacciMax-B upon challenge at one-year post-vaccination
722. Randomized Trial of Periodic Presumptive Treatment With High-Dose Intravaginal Metronidazole and Miconazole to Prevent Vaginal Infections in HIV-negative Women.
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723. Animal models of tuberculosis: Guinea pigs.
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- Demonstration of the protective efficacy of vaccines in the low-DOSE aerosol guinea pig model is an important component of the preclinical data package for novel vaccines in development, and there is a continual need to improve the model to facilitate progression of vaccines to the clinic
724. Vaccine effectiveness and risk factors associated with measles among children presenting to the hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan.
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- Vaccine effectiveness for single DOSE was found to be 87.4 (95% CI: 76.1 - 93.4), while for two DOSEs it was approximately 93% (95% CI: 86.2 - 96.6)
725. A phase Ia study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of new malaria vaccine candidates ChAd63 CS administered alone and with MVA CS.
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- With a priming ChAd63 CS DOSE of 5×109 vp responses peaked at a mean of 1947 SFC/million PBMC (median 1524) measured by ELIspot 7 days after the MVA boost and showed a mixed CD4+/CD8+ phenotype
- With a higher priming DOSE of ChAd63 CS DOSE 5×1010 vp T cell responses did not increase (mean 1659 SFC/million PBMC, median 1049)
726. Metastatic melanoma - a review of current and future treatment options.
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- The National Comprehensive Cancer Network currently recommends ipilumumab, vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and high-DOSE IL-2 as first line agents for Stage IV melanoma
727. Albumin and its application in drug delivery.
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- To maintain the desired therapeutic effect patients are required to administer higher DOSEs more frequently, which is inconvenient and risks undesirable side effects
- Drug delivery technologies aim to minimise the number of administrations and DOSE-related toxicity while maximising therapeutic efficacy
728. Potency, efficacy, and antigenic mapping of H7 avian influenza virus vaccines against the 2012 H7N3 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus from Mexico.
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- Although vaccine DOSEs of 256 and 102 hemagglutinating units (HAU) per bird decreased morbidity and mortality significantly compared to sham vaccinates, a DOSE of 512 HAU per bird was required to prevent mortality and morbidity completely
729. Biodegradable poly-l-lactide based microparticles as controlled release delivery system for filarial vaccine candidate antigens.
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- However, the problem associated with alum is it requires multiple DOSEs at specific time intervals to achieve the adequate level of immunity
- Currently the adjuvanticity of Poly-l-lactide microparticles as single DOSE immunization was explored to overcome multiple immunization and reported to be effective for several diseases
- The efficacy of single DOSE of PLA encapsulated proteins was investigated in comparison with single DOSE of alum or protein alone
- In mice, single DOSE of PLA encapsulated antigens such as TV and FEP elicited significantly high antibody titer of 50,000 and 64,000 respectively than single DOSE of alum adsorbed TV/FEP (6000/9000) and single DOSE of protein TV/FEP (3000/4000) alone
- Overall strong humoral and cellular responses were observed for PLA encapsulated antigens compared with single DOSE of alum adsorbed or protein alone.
730. Avidity of anti-circumsporozoite antibodies following vaccination with RTS,S/AS01E in young children.
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- We measured the avidity index (AI) of the anti-CS antibodies raised in subgroup of 5-17 month old children in Kenya who were vaccinated with three DOSEs of RTS,S/AS01E between March and August 2007
- We assessed their sera collected 1 month after the third DOSE of the vaccine, in March 2008 (range 4-10 months after the third vaccine), and at 12 months after the third vaccine DOSE
- The AI was higher in children with high malaria exposure, as measured using the weighted local prevalence of malaria, compared to those with low malaria exposure at 1 month post DOSE 3 (p = 0.035)
731. The challenge of changing the inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine in Latin America: declaration of the Latin American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SLIPE).
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- The optimal proposed schedule consists of four IPV DOSEs (three DOSEs in the primary schedule plus a booster DOSE), whether IPV is combined or not with other indicated vaccines in the immunization program of the country
732. Commentary on "Optimal schedule of bacillus Calmette-Guérin for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A meta-analysis of comparative studies." Zhu S, Tang Y, Li K, Shang Z, Jiang N, Nian X, Sun L, Niu Y, Department of Urology Tianjin Institute of Urology, 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, People's Republic of China.: BMC Cancer 2013; 13:332. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-13-332.
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- To explore the necessity of maintenance, efficacy of low-DOSE and superiority of various combination therapies of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in treatment of superficial bladder cancer (BCa)
- Significantly better recurrence-free survivals (RFS) were observed respectively in patients who received BCG maintenance, standard-DOSE and BCG plus epirubicin therapy comparing to those received induction, low-DOSE and BCG alone
- All patients with superficial BCa should be encouraged to accept BCG maintenance therapy with standard-DOSE if well tolerated
733. Development of eczema vaccinatum in atopic mouse models and efficacy of MVA vaccination against lethal poxviral infection.
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- Eighty three and 92% of mice vaccinated with a single DOSE of MVA i.m
734. Potential impact of vaccination against Neisseria meningitidis on Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States: results from a decision-analysis model.
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- A two-DOSE adolescent vaccination campaign was assumed, with protective immunity starting at age 15 years and a base-case efficacy against gonorrhea of 20%
- At a cost of $75,000 per QALY gained, and incremental to the vaccine's effect on meningococcal disease, a price of $26.10 (95% CrI, $9.10-$57.20) per DOSE, incremental to the price of the meningococcal vaccine, would be justified from the societal perspective
735. Efficacy profile of a bivalent Staphylococcus aureus glycoconjugated vaccine in adults on hemodialysis: Phase III randomized study.
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- In a previous study in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) hemodialysis patients, a single DOSE of Staphylococcus aureus type 5 and 8 capsular polysaccharides (T5/T8) conjugated to nontoxic recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A investigational vaccine showed no efficacy against S
- Vaccine efficacy (VE) of 2 vaccine DOSEs was therefore evaluated
- aureus bacteremia was assessed between 3-35 weeks and 3-60 weeks post-DOSE-1
- aureus bacteremia was observed between vaccine and placebo groups between weeks 3-35 weeks post-DOSE 1 (VE -23%, 95%CI: -98;23, p = 0.39) or at 3-60 weeks post-DOSE-1 (VE -8%, 95%CI: -57;26, p = 0.70)
- These data do not show a protective effect of either 1 or 2 vaccine DOSEs against S
736. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a hepatitis B vaccination catch-up program among children in Shandong Province, China.
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- Using a total of 5.53 million DOSEs of vaccines, the catch-up program could prevent 21,865 cases of symptomatic acute hepatitis B, 3,088 carrier states with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and 812 deaths due to HBV infection
737. Production and evaluation of a recombinant subunit vaccine against botulinum neurotoxin serotype B using a 293E expression system.
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- A frequency- and DOSE-dependent effect to immunization with BHc subunit vaccine was observed and the ELISA antibody titers correlated well with neutralizing antibody titers and protection
738. Immunogenicity assessment of HPV16/18 vaccine using the glutathione S-transferase L1 multiplex serology assay.
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- We tested replicate serum samples from months 0/1/12 (i.e., after 0/1/3 DOSEs) by GST-L1 and 3 other commonly used serology assays, VLP-ELISA, SEAP-NA, and cLIA
- After 1 vaccine DOSE, seropositivity by GST-L1 was 40% each for HPV16 and HPV18, increasing to 100% and 98%, respectively, after 3 DOSEs
- Seropositivity after 3 DOSEs ranged from 32% to 69% for HPV types 31/33/45, for which partial vaccine efficacy is reported, though increases also occurred for types with no evidence for cross-protection (e.g., HPV77)
- GST-L1 correlated best after 3 DOSEs with VLP-ELISA (HPV16 and HPV18 each ρ = 0.72) and SEAP-NA (HPV16 ρ = 0.65, HPV18 ρ = 0.71) (all P < 0.001); correlation was lower with cLIA
- The GST-L1 is suitable for evaluating HPV16/18 vaccine immunogenicity after 3 vaccine DOSEs, although in contrast to other assays it may classify some samples as HPV16/18 seronegative
- The assay's utility is limited for lower antibody levels such as after receipt of 1 DOSE.
739. Truncated abrin A chain expressed in Escherichia coli: a promising vaccine candidate.
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740. [Prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) infections in adults].
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- Patients with asplenia.Recommendation for administration of the two different vaccines:Adults who have not been immunized previously against pneumococcal disease must be vaccinated with a DOSE of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine first
- Adults who have been immunized previously, but above 65 years of age, with a 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine are recommended to get one DOSE of conjugate vaccine at least one year later
- Adults who have been immunized previously, but under 65 years of age, with a 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine are recommended to get one DOSE of conjugate vaccine at least one year later
- After a minimal interval of two months one DOSE of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended if at least 5 years have elapsed since their previous PPSV23 DOSE
741. Modified thermoresponsive Poloxamer 407 and chitosan sol-gels as potential sustained-release vaccine delivery systems.
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- Thermoresponsive, particle-loaded, Poloxamer 407 (P407)-Pluronic-R® (25R4) or chitosan-methyl cellulose (MC) formulations were developed as single-DOSE, sustained release vaccines
742. Timing of bacterial carriage sampling in vaccine trials: a modelling study.
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- Simulations using multiple vaccine DOSEs were compared to empirical data
- In RCTs with shorter intervals between vaccine DOSEs it takes longer after the last DOSE until VE(acq.dur) approximates VE(acq.dur)
743. [An outbreak of mumps in a high school: Estimation of vaccine effectiveness. Zaragoza 2011].
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744. Immunizing adult female mice with a TcpA-A2-CTB chimera provides a high level of protection for their pups in the infant mouse model of cholera.
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- All pups from dams immunized with the TcpA-A2-CTB chimera or the TcpA+CTB mixture survived at both challenge DOSEs
- In contrast, no pups from dams immunized with TcpA+FliC or CTB alone survived at the 20 LD50 challenge DOSE, although the anti-TcpA or anti-CTB antibody level elicited by these immunizations was comparable to the corresponding antibody level achieved by immunization with TcpA-A2-CTB or TcpA+CTB
745. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among Puerto Rican mothers and daughters, 2010: a qualitative study.
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- Yet vaccination uptake and completion of the 3-DOSE series remain low among Puerto Rican females
746. Nasal immunization of mice with AFCo1 or AFPL1 plus capsular polysaccharide Vi from Salmonella typhi induces cellular response and memory B and T cell responses.
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- Mice immunized with 3 intranasal DOSEs exhibited high levels of PsVi-specific IgG (p<0.05), IgG2a and IgG2c subclasses
- Moreover, priming with 3 DOSEs followed by booster immunization with VaxTyVi(®) resulted in high levels of anti-Vi specific IgG, IgG subclasses and antibody avidity
- Long lived plasma cells in bone marrow, memory B cells and long-term memory T cells after booster DOSE were induced
747. The long-term efficacy of Chinese hamster ovary cell derived hepatitis B vaccine after being used for 14-16 years in Chinese rural communities.
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- The children who were born between 1997 and 1999 and were vaccinated with three DOSEs of CHO-derived hepatitis B vaccine were eligible to participate in the study
- A booster DOSE seems not necessary
748. Canine zona pellucida glycoprotein-3: up-scaled production, immunization strategy and its outcome on fertility.
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- Female FvB/J mice immunized with the varying DOSEs of recombinant TT-KK-ZP3 supplemented with alum/PetGel A as adjuvants following a three injection schedule, showed DOSE dependent increase in serum IgG titer
- To reduce the number of injections, two injection schedule using various DOSE combinations of TT-KK-ZP3 supplemented with alum revealed lower immunogenicity and contraceptive efficacy as compared to the three injection schedule
749. Considerations for developing an immunization strategy with enterovirus 71 vaccine.
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- An immunization strategy for EV71 vaccine should consider several factors, including the target population age group, the number of DOSEs for primary immunization, the need for a booster DOSE, concomitant administration of other vaccines, economic value, program capacity and logistics, and public acceptance
750. Febrile seizures following measles and varicella vaccines in young children in Australia.
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- This study aimed to examine the vaccine-attributable risk of FS following separate administration of MMR and monovalent varicella vaccines (VV) prior to a planned change to MMRV as the second DOSE of measles-containing vaccine at 18 months of age
- The relative incidence (RI) of FS following MMR DOSE 1 (MMR1) and VV in children aged 11-23 months was determined using the self-controlled case series (SCCS) method and used to calculate attributable risk
- The estimated excess annual number of FS post MMR1 was 24 per 100,000 vaccinated children aged 11-23 months (95% CI=7-49 cases per 100,000) or 1 per 4167 DOSEs
- This provides baseline data to assess the risk of FS post MMRV, introduced in Australia as the second DOSE of measles-containing vaccine at 18 months of age in July 2013.
751. Expected cost effectiveness of high-dose trivalent influenza vaccine in US seniors.
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- Options include trivalent and quadrivalent standard-DOSE inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV3 and IIV4 respectively), as well as a high-DOSE IIV3 (HD)
752. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and immune modulatory activities of soyasaponin Ab: an in vitro and in vivo study.
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- Soyasaponin Ab was proved able to promote releases of inflammatory cytokines like TNFα and IL-1β in a DOSE-dependent manner
753. Association between process quality measures for heart failure and mortality among US veterans.
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- Stratified analyses by various mortality risk subgroups did not reveal discernable "DOSE-response" relationship between mortality risk stratification and the association of care process and mortality
754. Small Animal Models for Human Metapneumovirus: Cotton Rat is More Permissive than Hamster and Mouse.
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- It was found that BALB/c mice are not permissive for hMPV infection despite the use of a high DOSE (6.5 log10 PFU) of virus for intranasal inoculation
- In cotton rats, hMPV replicated efficiently in both nasal turbinate and lung when intranasally administered with three different DOSEs (4, 5, and 6 log10 PFU) of hMPV
755. Evaluation of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of killed Leishmania donovani antigen along with different adjuvants against experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
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- Animals were immunized subcutaneously thrice at an interval of 2 weeks with a final volume of 100 μl per DOSE
756. Protecting people against leprosy: chemoprophylaxis and immunoprophylaxis.
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- A randomized controlled trial with chemoprophylaxis for contacts of leprosy patients using a single DOSE of rifampicin (SDR) has shown an overall protective effect of approximately 60%, effective in the first 2 years after the intervention
757. Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vector Ebola Vaccine.
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- Methods We conducted a phase 1, DOSE-escalation, open-label trial of cAd3-EBO
- Twenty healthy adults, in sequentially enrolled groups of 10 each, received vaccination intramuscularly in DOSEs of 2×10(10) particle units or 2×10(11) particle units
- Results In this small study, no safety concerns were identified; however, transient fever developed within 1 day after vaccination in two participants who had received the 2×10(11) particle-unit DOSE
- Glycoprotein-specific antibodies were induced in all 20 participants; the titers were of greater magnitude in the group that received the 2×10(11) particle-unit DOSE than in the group that received the 2×10(10) particle-unit DOSE (geometric mean titer against the Zaire antigen at week 4, 2037 vs
- Glycoprotein-specific T-cell responses were more frequent among those who received the 2×10(11) particle-unit DOSE than among those who received the 2×10(10) particle-unit DOSE, with a CD4 response in 10 of 10 participants versus 3 of 10 participants (P=0.004) and a CD8 response in 7 of 10 participants versus 2 of 10 participants (P=0.07) at week 4
- Assessment of the durability of the antibody response showed that titers remained high at week 48, with the highest titers in those who received the 2×10(11) particle-unit DOSE
- Conclusions Reactogenicity and immune responses to cAd3-EBO vaccine were DOSE-dependent
- At the 2×10(11) particle-unit DOSE, glycoprotein Zaire-specific antibody responses were in the range reported to be associated with vaccine-induced protective immunity in challenge studies involving nonhuman primates, and responses were sustained to week 48
758. Analysis by rotavirus gene 6 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay of rotavirus-positive gastroenteritis cases observed during the vaccination phase of the Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (REST).
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- During the vaccination phase of the Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (REST), the period between the administration of DOSE 1 through 13 days after the administration of DOSE 3, there were more wild-type rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) cases among vaccine recipients compared with placebo recipients using the protocol-specified microbiological plaque assay in the clinical-efficacy cohort, a subset of subjects where vaccine efficacy against RVGE of any severity was assessed
759. A few years later. Update of the cost-effectiveness of infant pneumococcal vaccination in Dutch children.
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- In 12 scenarios, we explored the impact of different assumptions on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of PCV13 over PCV10.Taking only direct effects on invasive pneumococcal disease into account, PCV13 was not found to be cost-effective at a price difference of €11 per DOSE
- PCV13 was considered dominant in the primary scenario with a price difference below €2.63 per DOSE.
760. Efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical infection in young Japanese women.
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- During the 4-year period, protection against CIN1+ and CIN2+, irrespective of the HPV type, was 56.7% (32.8-72.6) and 54.9% (20.5-75.3) in women receiving ≥1 vaccine DOSE, regardless of baseline serostatus (total vaccinated cohort [TVC]) and 61.0% (11.8-84.2) and 73.9% (1.1-95.3) in women naïve to HPV infection at baseline (TVC-naïve), respectively
761. Immunoprotectivity of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis virulence protein, InvH, against Salmonella typhi.
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- The immunization induced protection against high DOSEs of S
- The bacterial challenge with sera showed significant protection against challenge DOSE of 2×10(9) CFU
762. Immunization for Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in high-risk children.
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- A single DOSE of PCV13 should be administered to certain children in this age group who are at elevated risk of IPD
763. Reduced dose of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus full dose of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection bladder tumor: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
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- However, the optimal DOSE of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains controversial
- The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of full DOSE (FD) with the reduced DOSE (RD) of BCG
- Five RCTs that included a total of 1 473 patients (727 in the reduced DOSE group vs 746 in the full DOSE group), with a median follow-up period from 33.5 month to 7.1 year
- In the RD group 41 of 655 (6.3%) patients and 56 of 663 (8.7%) patients in the FD group did not complete the treatment due to systemic or local side effects (RR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.51-1.10; P = 0.14) CONCLUSIONS: In general, the results of our study demonstrate a trend towards a reduction of the toxicity in reduced DOSE group without affecting the efficacy of treatment when compared with full DOSE
- More trials with large sample size are still necessary to explore the prognosis of the patients with high risk of tumor in different DOSE group.
764. Validation of the wild-type influenza A human challenge model H1N1pdMIST: an A(H1N1)pdm09 dose-finding investigational new drug study.
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- This DOSE-finding study will lead to further development of this model both for A(H1N1)pdm09 and other strains of influenza
- Escalating DOSEs were given until a DOSE was reached that produced disease in a minimum of 60% of volunteers
- An optimal DOSE of 10(7) tissue culture infectious DOSE 50 was reached that caused mild to moderate influenza disease in 69% of individuals with mean viral shedding for 4-5 days and significant rises in convalescent influenza antibody titers
765. High HIV, HPV, and STI prevalence among young Western Cape, South African women: EVRI HIV prevention preparedness trial.
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- Vaccine DOSEs were administered at enrollment, month 2, and month 6, and participants were followed for 1 month after the third DOSE
- High rates of accrual of eligible females to study (93%) and completion of the 3-DOSE vaccine series (91%) were noted, with few protocol violations
766. Adherence to hepatitis A virus vaccination in HIV-infected men who have sex with men.
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- Two DOSEs of an HAV vaccine were recommended to 569 eligible patients
- Among eligible patients, 62.2% (354/569) received both DOSEs
767. A new approach to integrate toxicity grade and repeated treatment cycles in the analysis and reporting of phase I dose-finding trials.
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- Safety assessment beyond the DOSE-limiting toxicity evaluation period provides relevant information to define the recommended phase II DOSE (RP2D) of a new treatment
- The probability of severe and moderate or severe toxicity per cycle was estimated at each DOSE level with mixed proportional odds model
- They do not delay accrual and should be integrated in the analysis and reporting of phase I DOSE-finding trials.
768. A novel and well tolerated mite allergoid subcutaneous immunotherapy: evidence of clinical and immunologic efficacy.
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- Thirty adult patients, between 18 and 65 years old, with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma secondary to hypersensitivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were administered with either conventional or cluster initial regime, with a final visit one week after the last DOSE administration
769. Differential Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine-derived efficacy in C3Heb/FeJ and C3H/HeOuJ mice exposed to a clinical strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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- In this study, we evaluated the impact of prior BCG vaccination of C3Heb/FeJ and C3H/HeOuJ mice on exposure to a low-DOSE aerosol of Mycobacterium tuberculosis W-Beijing strain SA161
770. The safety of seasonal influenza vaccines in Australian children in 2013.
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- These children received 1052 influenza vaccine DOSEs
- Fever was reported in 5.5% (95% CI, 4.1%-7.3%) and 6.5% (95% CI, 3.5%-10.9%) of children after DOSEs 1 and 2, respectively
- Injection site reactions occurred in 21.2% (95% CI, 18.5%-24.1%) and 6.0% (95% CI, 3.1%-10.2%) after DOSEs 1 and 2, respectively; most were mild
- Very few parents sought medical follow-up for their child's reaction: 22 (2.6%; 95% CI, 1.6%-3.9%) after DOSE 1, and 11 (5.5%; 95% CI, 2.8%-9.6%) after DOSE 2
771. The efficacy of hydro alcoholic extract of Seidlitzia rosmarinus on experimental zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions in murine model.
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- Soon after the ulcer started to appear in the early stage, a DOSE of provided herbal extract with 5, 10 and 15% concentration applied on each lesion
772. Pediatric Rheumatology Association of Japan recommendation for vaccination in pediatric rheumatic diseases.
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- Non-live vaccines are generally safe and effective in patients with PRDs on corticosteroid, immunosuppressant, and/or biologics, although efficacy may be attenuated under high DOSE of the drugs
773. Efficacy of synthetic peptide candidate vaccines against serotype-A foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle.
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- Two DOSEs of 50 μg of the synthetic PB peptide vaccine provided 100% protection against FMDV infection in guinea pigs, and a single DOSE of 100 μg provided 60% protection in cattle
774. Gene expression and cytokine profile correlate with mycobacterial growth in a human BCG challenge model.
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- We used samples from a mycobacterial challenge in which previously BCG-vaccinated or BCG-naive adults in the United Kingdom were challenged intradermally with a standard DOSE of BCG
775. Impact of the free-vaccine policy on timely initiation and completion of hepatitis B vaccination in Fujian, China.
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- Children with delayed vaccine initiation (>24 h after birth) were less likely to complete the vaccine series than those who received a timely first DOSE (OR = 0.02, 95% CI, 0.005-0.09)
776. Photodynamic Therapy and Its Role in Combined Modality Anticancer Treatment.
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- As PDT consists of administering a nontoxic photosensitizing chemical and subsequently illuminating the tumor with visible light, the treatment is not subject to DOSE-limiting toxicity, which is the case for established anticancer treatments like radiation therapy or chemotherapy
777. Management and prevention of pertussis infection in neonates.
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- Additionally, new prevention strategies are explored, including the use of an additional booster DOSE of vaccine to adolescents and adults, vaccination of healthcare workers, immunization of household contacts and caregivers (cocooning strategy), vaccination of pregnant women and, finally, neonatal immunization with novel vaccines
778. A Single Dose Respiratory Recombinant Adenovirus-Based Vaccine Provides Long-Term Protection for Non-Human Primates from Lethal Ebola Infection.
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- In the first, a single respiratory DOSE of 1.4×10(9) infectious virus particles (ivp)/kg of Ad-CAGoptZGP induced strong Ebola glycoprotein (GP) specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses and Ebola GP-specific antibodies in systemic and mucosal compartments and was partially (67%) protective from challenge 62 days after immunization
- The same DOSE given by the SL route induced Ebola GP-specific CD8+ T cell responses similar to that of intramuscular (IM) injection, however, the Ebola GP-specific antibody response was low
- To our knowledge, this is the first time that durable protection from a single DOSE respiratory adenovirus-based Ebola vaccine has been demonstrated in primates.
779. Atypical antipsychotic drug use and falls among nursing home residents in Winnipeg, Canada.
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- While the odds of falling were statistically greater for AAD users versus nonusers (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3), this association was type and DOSE dependent
- Compared to nonusers, the odds of falling were greater for high-DOSE (>150 mg/day) quetiapine users and for high-DOSE (>2 mg/day) risperidone users
- On the other hand, olanzapine (regardless of DOSE), low-DOSE quetiapine, and low-DOSE risperidone use were not associated with increased fall risk
- Our findings suggest greater risk of falling with high-DOSE quetiapine use and with high-DOSE risperidone use among NH residents
- Further research is needed to confirm these findings, and to address other important unanswered questions about the safest DOSE and duration of AAD use.
780. TLR3 and TLR9 agonists improve postexposure vaccination efficacy of live smallpox vaccines.
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- Intranasal infection of mice with ectromelia virus (ECTV), a model for human smallpox, is curable by vaccination with a high vaccine DOSE given up to 3 days postexposure
- We show that co-administration of the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) even 5 days postexposure conferred protection, avoiding the need to increase the vaccination DOSE
781. Editorial Comment to Efficacy and tolerance of one-third full dose bacillus Calmette-Guérin maintenance therapy every 3 months or 6 months: two-year results of URO-BCG-4 multicenter study.
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782. Time for flu vaccine: do you need a higher dose? The pros and cons of the high-dose vaccine, and tips to protect yourself from infection this season.
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783. IgG2 antibodies against a clinical grade Plasmodium falciparum CSP vaccine antigen associate with protection against transgenic sporozoite challenge in mice.
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784. Live attenuated Francisella novicida vaccine protects against Francisella tularensis pulmonary challenge in rats and non-human primates.
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- We demonstrate that a single DOSE vaccine of a live attenuated F
785. Protective efficacy of a Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein-based vaccine in Aotus nancymaae is associated with antibodies to the repeat region.
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- Monkeys from both the low- and high-DOSE vaccine groups generated strong humoral immune responses to the vaccine (peak median titers of 291,622), and its subunits (peak median titers to the N-term, central repeat and C-term regions of 22,188; 66,120 and 179,947, respectively)
786. Control of type 1 error in a hybrid complete two-period vaccine efficacy trial.
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- A 4-year vaccine efficacy trial was planned to compare a high-DOSE vaccine with a standard DOSE vaccine
787. Modeling the potential role of inactivated poliovirus vaccine to manage the risks of oral poliovirus vaccine cessation.
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- Adding a single IPV DOSE to an OPV-only routine immunization schedule at or just before OPV cessation produces very limited impact on the probability of cVDPV emergences and the number of expected polio cases in settings in which we expect cVDPVs in the absence of IPV use
- The highest-cost option of switching to a 3-DOSE IPV schedule only marginally decreases cVDPV risks
- Introducing a DOSE of IPV in countries currently using OPV only for routine immunization offers protection from paralysis to successfully vaccinated recipients, but it does little to protect high-risk populations from cVDPV risks.
788. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis: a review of the epidemiology and estimation of the global burden.
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- In the low-income country, the majority of cases occurred in individuals who had received >3 DOSEs of OPV (63%), whereas in middle and high-income countries, most cases occurred in recipients after their first OPV DOSE or unvaccinated contacts (81%)
789. Efficacy of two canine distemper vaccines in wild Nearctic river otters (Lontra canadensis).
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- The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the prevalence of exposure to CDV in wild river otters, 2) determine the immunologic response of river otters (i.e., seroconversion) after vaccination with a single (primary) vaccine DOSE compared to a second (booster) DOSE of Galaxy-D, a modified live-virus canine distemper (CD) vaccine (MLV CDV), and 3) determine the immunologic response after being vaccinated with a primary vaccination compared to a booster DOSE of Fervac-D, an MLV CDV
- If only a primary DOSE is required, then hard-release reintroduction projects for river otters could be recommended
790. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of Infanrix™ when co-administered with meningococcal MenACWY-TT conjugate vaccine in toddlers primed with MenHibrix™ and Pediarix™.
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- Co-administration of an investigational quadrivalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) with the fourth DOSE of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) at age 15-18 months was investigated in 3-DOSE Haemophilus influenzae type b-meningococcal serogroups C/Y conjugate vaccine (HibMenCY-TT)-primed toddlers
- Only children in the HibMenCY-TT group received a fourth DOSE of Hib conjugate vaccine due to Hib conjugate vaccine shortage at the time of the study
- In post hoc analyses, pertussis antibody concentrations were above those in infants following 3-DOSE DTaP primary vaccination in whom efficacy against pertussis was demonstrated (Schmitt, von König, et al., 1996; Schmitt, Schuind, et al., 1996)
- These data support the administration of a fourth DTaP DOSE following a 4-DOSE HibMenCY-TT vaccination series, or co-administered with MenACWY-TT in HibMenCY-TT-primed children.
791. More evidence on the impact of India's conditional cash transfer program, Janani Suraksha Yojana: quasi-experimental evaluation of the effects on childhood immunization and other reproductive and child health outcomes.
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- Receipt of financial assistance from JSY led to an increase in immunization rates ranging from 3.1 (95%CI 2.2-4.0) percentage points for one DOSE of polio vaccine to 9.1 (95%CI 7.5-10.7) percentage points in the proportion of fully vaccinated children
792. Sequential combination of mitomycin C plus bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is more effective but more toxic than BCG alone in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in intermediate- and high-risk patients: final outcome of CUETO 93009, a randomized prospective trial.
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- Higher toxicity was observed with the combination, even reducing the MMC DOSE, especially in G3 local toxicity compared with BCG with a difference of 17.4% (95% CI, 7.6-27.2; p<0.001)
793. Sequential intranodal immunotherapy induces antitumor immunity and correlated regression of disseminated follicular lymphoma.
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- Fourteen patients with untreated or relapsed stage III/IV FL were included and received local radiotherapy to solitary lymphoma nodes and intranodal injections of low-DOSE rituximab (5 mg), immature autologous dendritic cells, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor at the same site
794. Vaccination with recombinant 4 × M2e.HSP70c fusion protein as a universal vaccine candidate enhances both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and decreases viral shedding against experimental challenge of H9N2 influenza in chickens.
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- Our previous study have shown that a prime-boost administration of recombinant 4×M2e.HSP70c (r4M2e/H70c) fusion protein compared to conventional HA-based influenza vaccines provided full protection against lethal DOSE of influenza A viruses in mice
795. Impact and cost-effectiveness of new tuberculosis vaccines in low- and middle-income countries.
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- New vaccines were assumed to be available in 2024, to prevent active TB in all individuals, to have a 5-y to lifetime duration of protection, to have 40-80% efficacy, and to be targeted at "infants" or "adolescents/adults." Vaccine prices were tiered by income group (US $1.50-$10 per DOSE), and cost-effectiveness was assessed using incremental cost per disability adjusted life year (DALY) averted compared against gross national income per capita
- This profile targeted at adolescents/adults could be cost-effective at $4, $9, and $20 per DOSE in low-, lower-middle-, and upper-middle-income countries, respectively
796. Combination therapy with dendritic cell vaccine and IL-2 encapsulating polymeric micelles enhances intra-tumoral accumulation of antigen-specific CTLs.
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- To enhance the clinical efficacy, we examined combination therapy of DC vaccine pulsed with OVA peptide and intravenous low DOSE unmodified IL-2 (IL-2 solution) administration against EG7 tumor-bearing mice
797. BCG coverage and barriers to BCG vaccination in Guinea-Bissau: an observational study.
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- Often 20-DOSE vials of BCG are not opened unless at least ten children are present for vaccination ("restricted vial-opening policy")
798. A seamless phase IIB/III adaptive outcome trial: design rationale and implementation challenges.
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- To expedite the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine clinical development, an adaptive, seamless Phase IIB/III outcome trial with ∼ 15,000 subjects was conducted to facilitate DOSE formulation selection and provide pivotal evidence of safety and efficacy for regulatory registrations
- Approximately 1240 women, 16-26 years of age, were enrolled in Part A for Phase IIB evaluation and equally randomized to one of three DOSE formulations of the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine or the four-valent human papillomavirus vaccine (active control)
- Based on an interim analysis of immunogenicity and safety, one DOSE formulation of the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine was selected for evaluation in the Phase III part of the study
- Subjects enrolled in Part A who received the selected DOSE formulation of the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine or four-valent human papillomavirus vaccine continued to be followed up and contributed to the final efficacy and safety analyses
- In addition, ∼ 13,400 women 16-26 years of age were enrolled in Part B, randomized to nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine at the selected DOSE formulation or four-valent human papillomavirus vaccine, and followed for immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety
799. [Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and associated factor for vaccine acceptance: a cross-sectional study in health workers of the Acapulco General Hospital, Mexico].
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- Interviews documented vaccination history against HBV, number of DOSEs received, and date of vaccination
- Health workers with complete vaccination were considered those with at least three DOSEs of vaccine received at intervals of two months between first and second DOSEs, and six months to a year in the third DOSE
800. Multiple low-dose challenges in a rhesus macaque AIDS vaccine trial result in an evolving host response that affects protective outcome.
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- Additional samples were collected following multiple low-DOSE rectal challenges with SIVmac251
- Given that humoral responses in the prime-boost group were highly significant prechallenge correlates of protection, the strong innate signaling after the first challenge suggests that interferon signaling may enhance vaccine-induced antibody responses and is an important contributor to protection from infection during repeated low-DOSE exposure to SIV.
801. An insect cell derived respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F nanoparticle vaccine induces antigenic site II antibodies and protects against RSV challenge in cotton rats by active and passive immunization.
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- Active immunization with RSV F nanoparticle vaccine containing an alum adjuvant induced serum levels of palivizumab competing antibody (PCA) greater than passive administration of 15 mg/kg palivizumab (human prophylactic DOSE) in cotton rats and neutralized RSV-A and RSV-B viruses
- Passive intramuscular administration of RSV F vaccine-induced immune sera one day prior to challenge of cotton rats reduced viral titers by 2 or more log10 virus per gram of lung and nasal tissue and at DOSEs less than palivizumab
802. Combinations of various CpG motifs cloned into plasmid backbone modulate and enhance protective immunity of viral replicon DNA anthrax vaccines.
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- Modification with more copies of CpG motifs elicited more potent adjuvant effects leading to the generation of enhanced immunity, which indicated a CpG motif DOSE-dependent enhancement of antigen-specific immune responses
803. pH-sensitive carbonate apatite nanoparticles as DNA vaccine carriers enhance humoral and cellular immunity.
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- Mice immunized with a low DOSE of pCI-neo-sOVA-loaded CO₃Ap (10 μg) produced ex vivo splenocyte proliferation after stimulation with CD8 T-cell but not CD4 T-cell epitopes and a delayed-type-hypersensitivity reaction more efficiently than mice in the other groups
- Furthermore, mice receiving this immunization generated the same levels of OVA-specific antibodies and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion after CD8 T-cell and CD4 T-cell epitope challenges as those in mice treated with 100 μg of free pCI-neo-sOVA, whereas mice injected with a high DOSE of pCI-neo-sOVA-loaded CO₃Ap (100 μg) or with control plasmids produced negligible levels of OVA-specific antibodies or IFN-γ
804. Oral vaccination against HPV E7 for treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) elicits E7-specific mucosal immunity in the cervix of CIN3 patients.
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- Ten patients were vaccinated orally during DOSE optimization studies (1, 2, 4, or 6 capsules/day) at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 (Step 1)
- Most patients (70%) taking the optimized DOSE experienced a pathological down-grade to CIN2 at week 9 of treatment
805. HPV vaccine coverage among men who have sex with men - National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, United States, 2011.
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- Among 3221 MSM aged 18-26, 157 (4.9%) reported ≥1 vaccine DOSE
806. Efficacy and tolerance of one-third full dose bacillus Calmette-Guérin maintenance therapy every 3 months or 6 months: two-year results of URO-BCG-4 multicenter study.
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- To assess bacillus Calmette-Guérin maintenance treatment schedule for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer at 2 years, using one-third of the full DOSE and fewer instillations every 3 months or 6 months
- They received three weekly instillations of one-third DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin every 6 months (group I) and two weekly instillations every 3 months (group II) during 3 years
- One-third DOSE maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin is effective with no impact on tumor recurrence or muscle invasion
807. Efficacy and safety of a modified-live cyprinid herpesvirus 3 vaccine in koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) for prevention of koi herpesvirus disease.
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- Fish were vaccinated with a 1× DOSE or 10× overDOSE of CyHV3 modified-live virus vaccine or a placebo through bath exposure in tanks at 22°C
- The CyHV3 vaccine was safe and efficacious, even at a 10× overDOSE
808. Vaccination with tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine of pregnant women enrolled in Medicaid--Michigan, 2011-2013.
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- In 2013, recognizing the importance of Tdap for every pregnancy, ACIP revised its guidelines to include a Tdap DOSE during every pregnancy
809. Adolescent girls' preferences for HPV vaccines: a discrete choice experiment.
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- We estimate maximum uptake of 54-65%, close to the 53% reported for one DOSE in 2011 surveillance data, but higher than the 35% for three DOSEs in surveillance data
810. Analysis of factors affecting immune recovery and initial response to tetanus after DTaP vaccination in pediatric allogeneic HSCT patients.
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- Response to tetanus one month after the initial DOSE of DTaP was defined as a ≥4 fold increase in tetanus titers ≥1 month after vaccination
811. Cost-effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination in pregnant women, health care workers and persons with underlying illnesses in Belgium.
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- Assuming an additional physician's consult is charged to administer each additional vaccine DOSE, the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating pregnant women depends strongly on the extent of its impact on the neonate's health
812. Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts.
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- The toxicity of soluble Al forms depends upon the delivered DOSE of Al(+3) to target tissues
- Aluminum has been held responsible for human morbidity and mortality, but there is no consistent and convincing evidence to associate the Al found in food and drinking water at the DOSEs and chemical forms presently consumed by people living in North America and Western Europe with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD)
813. Acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children.
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- Most systemic and local adverse events were significantly less common with aP vaccines than with wP vaccines for the primary series as well as for the booster DOSE
- Acellular vaccines have fewer adverse effects than whole-cell vaccines for the primary series as well as for booster DOSEs.
814. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Erdman infection of rhesus macaques of Chinese origin.
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- We infected a total of 24 Chinese rhesus macaques with varying DOSEs (CFU of 25, 100 and 500) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) Erdman strain via bronchoscopy
- Regardless of the M.tb DOSEs, all animals were infected successfully with minor differences in clinical progression; as evidenced by clinical manifestations, laboratory analyses, bacterial burden in infected tissues and histopathology evaluations
- These data indicate that low-DOSE infection of rhesus macaques of Chinese origin is a suitable model for acute M.tb infection.
815. Enhanced and persistent antibody response against homologous and heterologous strains elicited by a MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in infants and young children.
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- 6078 children received two DOSEs of aTIV (n=3125), TIV-1 (n=1479), or TIV-2 (n=1474) four weeks apart (Days 1 and 29)
- Children aged 6 to <36 months and 36 to <72 months received 0.25 mL and 0.50 mL DOSEs, respectively
- In infants and young children, the MF59-adjuvanted vaccine induced substantially faster (after one DOSE), higher, persistent HI titers than the non-adjuvanted vaccines, with consistently higher seroprotection rates at increased threshold HI titers
816. Construction, characterization and evaluation of the protective efficacy of the Streptococcus suis double mutant strain ΔSsPep/ΔSsPspC as a live vaccine candidate in mice.
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- Moreover, ΔSsPep/ΔSsPspC could confer 90% protective efficacy against challenge with a lethal DOSE of fully virulent S
817. Evaluation of safety and efficacy as an adjuvant for the chitosan-based vaccine delivery vehicle ViscoGel in a single-blind randomised Phase I/IIa clinical trial.
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- In Phase A, three ascending DOSE levels of ViscoGel (25, 50 and 75mg) were evaluated for safety in 3×10 subjects
- Phase B had a single-blind, randomised, parallel-group design evaluating safety and efficacy in five groups, 20 subjects/group, comparing vaccination with 0.2μg or 2μg Act-HIB alone or combined with ViscoGel (50mg) and one group receiving the standard Act-HIB DOSE (10μg)
818. Immunogenicity of bivalent HPV vaccine among partially vaccinated young adolescent girls in Uganda.
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- Investigations of vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity for adult females receiving fewer than three DOSEs of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine have suggested protection against infection and precancerous lesions
- We investigated the immunogenicity of bivalent HPV vaccines among adolescent girls from Uganda who received one, two, or three vaccine DOSEs
- HPV16- and HPV18-specific antibodies were measured at ≥24 months after the last vaccine DOSE using an enzyme linked immunoassay in girls who received one (n=36), two (n=145), or three (n=195) DOSEs
- Geometric mean antibody levels (GMTs) were: HPV16₁-DOSE=230 EU/mL, HPV16₂-DOSE=808 EU/mL, and HPV16₃-DOSE=1607 EU/mL; HPV18₁-DOSE=87 EU/mL, HPV18₂-DOSE=270 EU/mL, and HPV18₃-DOSE=296 EU/mL
- The GMT ratio for 2:3 DOSEs was 0.50 (HPV16) and 0.68 (HPV18) and did not meet the non-inferiority criteria (i.e., lower bound of 97.5% confidence interval of the GMT ratio greater than 0.50)
- The GMT ratio for 1:3 DOSEs for HPV16 and HPV18 was inferior, but absolute GMTs for one DOSE were higher than adult women who received one DOSE (HPV16=124 EU/mL, HPV18=69 EU/mL) where efficacy has been demonstrated
- Even though immunogenicity with less than three DOSEs did not meet a priori non-inferiority thresholds, antibody levels measured ≥24 months after last DOSE were similar to those of adult women who have been followed for more than eight years for efficacy.
819. Efficacy of ABX196, a new NKT agonist, in prophylactic human vaccination.
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- As expected, ABX196 demonstrated a measurable and significant adjuvant effect in mice and monkeys with no appreciable toxicity at the DOSEs used to promote immune responses
- We performed a phase I/II DOSE escalation study of ABX196 in healthy volunteers, with the objectives to evaluate its safety profile, as well as its ability to be utilized as an adjuvant in the context of a prophylactic vaccine against hepatitis B
- ABX196 was administered at three DOSEs: 0.2, 0.4, and 2.0μg, in 44 subjects
820. Safety and immunogenicity profiles of an adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine in Guatemalan children.
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- Children received two DOSEs of ATIV or TIV administered four weeks apart
- Antibody responses were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay at baseline, four weeks after administration of the first vaccine DOSE, and three weeks after administration of the second DOSE
- After two DOSEs, the B strain-specific antibody response to TIV was insufficient to meet the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) licensure criterion for seroprotection, whereas responses to the MF59-adjuvanted vaccine met the seroprotection criterion against all three strains
- Cross-reactive antibody responses to MF59-adjuvanted vaccine met the CBER seroprotection criterion against all three strains after two DOSEs; B strain-specific heterologous responses to non-adjuvanted TIV were inadequate
821. Protective efficacy of a single dose of baculovirus hemagglutinin-based vaccine in chickens and ducks against homologous and heterologous H5N1 virus infections.
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- The immunized chickens and ducks were protected against lethal infection by H5N1 in an antigen DOSE-dependent manner
822. The influence of compositional and contextual factors on non-receipt of basic vaccines among children of 12-23-month old in India: a multilevel analysis.
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- The analysis considered two outcomes: completely unvaccinated (CUV) children who had not received any of the eight vaccine DOSEs recommended by India's Universal Immunization Programme, and children who had not received any DOSE from routine immunisation services (no RI)
- The no RI category includes CUV children and those who received only polio DOSEs administered via mass campaigns
823. The TIR-domain containing adaptor TRAM is required for TLR7 mediated RANTES production.
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- Additionally, TRAM-G2A DOSE-dependently inhibited TLR7 mediated activation of CCL5, IFNβ and IFNα reporter genes
824. Integrin α(V)β(3)-targeted magnetic nanohybrids with enhanced antitumor efficacy, cell cycle arrest ability, and encouraging anti-cell-migration activity.
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- Flow cytometry analysis indicated that this cytotoxic effect was associated with DOSE-dependent S phase arrest
825. [Hepatitis B virus reactivation in rituximab-treated patients: incidence and risk factors].
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- We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for HBV reactivation in patients receiving rituximab, and the potential role of the cumulative rituximab DOSE in HBV reactivation
- The median rituximab DOSE tended to be higher in patients with reactivation (p = 0.06).
826. Persistence of protection to hepatitis B vaccine and response to booster dose among children and adolescents in Dakahleya- Egypt.
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- The long-term protective effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and the need for booster DOSE vaccination remain doubtful
- The study aimed to estimate the sero-protection rate and evaluate immune response to a booster DOSE in children and adolescents with complete HBV vaccination during infancy
- All received the three DOSEs of the compulsory HBV vaccination during infancy
- Those proved to have non-seroprotective antibodies (anti-HBs titres < 10 IU/L) were given a booster DOSE and a blood sample was drawn one month later for evaluation
- Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the pre-booster anti-HBs level < 3.3 IU/L was the only significant predictor variable for non responder to booster DOSE with AOR 6.6
827. Protection against malaria by immunization with non-attenuated sporozoites under single-dose piperaquine-tetraphosphate chemoprophylaxis.
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- Key questions concerning translation remain, including the requirement for single-DOSE drug regimens that can reliably prevent breakthrough infections
- We assessed the feasibility and efficacy of immunization with single-DOSE piperaquine chemoprophylaxis and concurrent sporozoite administration (PPQ-CPS) in the murine P
828. VHSV G glycoprotein major determinants implicated in triggering the host type I IFN antiviral response as DNA vaccine molecular adjuvants.
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- The results showed that the co-injection of the SVCV DNA vaccine and the molecular adjuvant allowed (i) a ten-fold reduction in the DOSE of pAE6-Gsvcv without compromising its efficacy (ii) an increase in the duration of protection, and (iii) an increase in the survival rate
829. Generation and efficacy evaluation of recombinant classical swine fever virus E2 glycoprotein expressed in stable transgenic mammalian cell line.
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- At 32 weeks after the first vaccination, pigs in all the groups were challenged with a virulent CSFV strain at a DOSE of 1 × 10(5) TCID50
830. Vaccination of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) with a recombinant chlamydial major outer membrane protein adjuvanted with poly I:C, a host defense peptide and polyphosphazine, elicits strong and long lasting cellular and humoral immune responses.
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- Previous vaccine trials have used a three-DOSE regimen; however this is very difficult to apply in the field as it would require multiple capture events, which are stressful and invasive processes for the koala
- To overcome these challenges, in this study we utilized a polyphosphazine based poly I:C and a host defense peptide adjuvant combined with recombinant chlamydial major outer membrane protein (rMOMP) antigen to induce long lasting (54 weeks) cellular and humoral immunity in female koalas with a novel single immunizing DOSE
- The results of this study suggest that a single DOSE rMOMP vaccine incorporating a poly I:C, host defense peptide and polyphosphazine adjuvant is able to stimulate both arms of the immune system in koalas, thereby providing an alternative to antibiotic treatment and/or a three-DOSE vaccine regime.
831. A discrete-time survival model with random effects for designing and analyzing repeated low-dose challenge experiments.
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- Repeated low-DOSE (RLD) challenge designs are important in HIV vaccine research
- We propose to fit a discrete-time survival model with random effects that allows for heterogeneity in the risk of infection among animals and allows for predetermined challenge DOSE changes over time
832. An experimental Toxoplasma gondii dose response challenge model to study therapeutic or vaccine efficacy in cats.
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- Free bradyzoites were counted and graded DOSEs (1000, 100, 50, 10), and 250 intact tissue cysts were inoculated orally into three cats each
- A Beta-Poisson DOSE-response model was used to estimate the infectivity of single bradyzoites and linear regression was used to determine the relation between inoculated DOSE and numbers of oocyst shed
- gondii DNA without the presence of oocysts in low DOSEs
- gondii antibody concentrations were all found to depend on the inoculated bradyzoite DOSE
- The combination of the experimental challenge model and the DOSE response analysis provides a suitable reference for quantifying the potential reduction in human health risk due to a treatment of domestic cats by vaccination or by therapeutic drug application.
833. Trends in childhood influenza vaccination coverage--U.S., 2004-2012.
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- We used National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and National Immunization Survey-Flu (NIS-Flu) data to estimate receipt of at least one DOSE of influenza vaccination among children aged 6 months to 17 years based on parental report
- Based on the NHIS, overall influenza vaccination coverage with at least one DOSE of influenza vaccine among children increased from 16.2% during the 2004-2005 influenza season to 47.1% during the 2011-2012 influenza season
834. Novel indole based NNRTIs with improved potency against wild type and resistant HIV.
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835. Immunization with vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine expressing the Ebola glycoprotein provides sustained long-term protection in rodents.
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- Challenge of mice with a lethal DOSE of mouse-adapted EBOV (MA-EBOV) at 6.5 and 9 months after vaccination provided complete protection, and 80% (12 of 15 survivors) protection at 12 months after vaccination
- Challenge of guinea pigs with a lethal DOSE of guinea pig-adapted EBOV (GA-EBOV) at 7, 12 and 18 months after vaccination resulted in 83% (5 of 6 survivors) at 7 months after vaccination, and 100% survival at 12 and 18 months after vaccination
836. Efficacy and safety of a booster dose of influenza vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients, TRANSGRIPE 1-2: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial.
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- In order to assess the efficacy and safety of an alternative immunization scheme for solid organ transplant recipients, the TRANSGRIPE1-2 Study Group aimed to test a booster DOSE administration 5 weeks after the standard vaccination
- The primary objective of this trial was to compare short-term and long-term neutralizing antibody immunogenicity of a booster DOSE of influenza vaccination to the standard single-DOSE immunization scheme
- Patients (N = 514) were stratified 1:1 by center, type of organ and time after transplantation and who either received the standard single DOSE (n = 257) or were treated according to a novel influenza vaccination schedule comprising the administration of a booster DOSE 5 weeks after standard vaccination (n = 254)
- This trial will increase knowledge about the safety and efficacy of a booster DOSE of influenza vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients
837. The safety and efficacy of the tetanus vaccine intramuscularly versus subcutaneously in anticoagulated patients: a randomized clinical trial.
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- all patients treated with oral anticoagulants, who had been administered with at least one DOSE of vaccine, at 15 Health Centres in Vigo (Spain), and who agreed to participate in the study
- Details will be classified according to the administration route, while within each group a 3-tiered stratification will be defined by the administered number of DOSEs
838. Assessment of rabies exposure risk in a group of U.S. Air Force basic trainees - Texas, January 2014.
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- To assess the risk to the Air Force trainees and identify those for whom rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) might be indicated, Lackland preventive medicine and public health teams interviewed 922 persons (866 trainees and 56 instructors) and determined that PEP, consisting of human rabies immune globulin and the 4-DOSE vaccination series given over 14 days, was indicated for 200 persons (22%)
839. A Refined Guinea Pig Model of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection for Assessing the Efficacy of Antiviral Compounds.
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- Ten animals received a single, full (2 ml) cattle vaccine DOSE and were inoculated 3 weeks later
840. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse seroconversion (RS) can be prevented even in non-responders to hepatitis B vaccine after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: long-term analysis of intervention in RS with vaccine for patients with previous HBV infection.
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- In this trial, 21 patients were enrolled and received a standard 3-DOSE regimen of hepatitis B vaccine after discontinuation of immunosuppressants, whereas 25 transplant recipients with previous HBV infection did not receive the vaccine and served as controls
841. [Is the new vaccination schedule recommended in France adapted to premature babies?].
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- Apart from the prevention of invasive pneumococcal infections for which it is recommended to maintain three DOSE primary immunization, vaccination of premature is not addressed in this new calendar
- Although there is no clinical evidence, for pertussis, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae b, hepatitis B, whatever the immunogenicity criteria, immunogenicity is significantly lower in preterm than in term newborn after 3 DOSEs primary schedule
- This lower immunogenicity raises concerns about the transition to two DOSEs, about the ability to give short term protection and booster responses
- Given these data, GPIP takes the position for maintaining a primary 3-DOSE vaccination at 2.3 and 4 months for premature infants less than 33 weeks.
842. Dose of incorporated immunodominant antigen in recombinant BCG impacts modestly on Th1 immune response and protective efficiency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice.
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- These two rBCG strains were used to vaccinate C57BL/6 mice and exploit DOSE of incorporated antigen in rBCG to optimize immune response and protective efficiency against M
- These results suggested that the DOSE of antigens incorporated in rBCG can impact T cell immune responses but imposed no significantly differential protective efficacies.
843. Safety and immunogenicity of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in HIV-infected and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults.
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- The seroconversion rate, assessed by antibody titers, 1 month after the administration of the third vaccine DOSE was 0.85 (95% CI 0.75-0.95) in the HIV-infected group and 0.91 (0.83-0.99) in the HIV-negative subjects (p=0.52)
844. Association of HLA alleles with the responsiveness to hepatitis B virus vaccination in Korean infants.
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- Among these alleles, B62, DRB1*07 and DRB1*08(-) showed significant associations with a poor or decreased response to vaccination even after correction (OR=1.83, 1.99, 5.63; pc<0.05) and also showed DOSE effects
845. Marburg virus infection in nonhuman primates: Therapeutic treatment by lipid-encapsulated siRNA.
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- Twenty-one rhesus monkeys were challenged with a lethal DOSE of MARV-Angola
846. Fusion protein comprising factor H domains 6 and 7 and human IgG1 Fc as an antibacterial immunotherapeutic.
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- FH6,7/HuFc enhanced human C3 and C4 deposition and facilitated complement-mediated killing in a DOSE-responsive manner; complement activation and killing were classical pathway dependent
- To investigate in vivo efficacy, infant Wistar rats were treated intraperitoneally (IP) with different DOSEs of FH6,7/HuFc and challenged 2 h later with serogroup C strain 4243 given IP
847. Have preferences of girls changed almost 3 years after the much debated start of the HPV vaccination program in The Netherlands? A discrete choice experiment.
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- A panel latent class model was used to determine girls' preferences for vaccination based on five characteristics: degree of protection against cervical cancer; duration of protection; risk of mild side-effects; age of vaccination; and the number of required DOSEs of the vaccine
- Most girls preferred vaccination at age 14 years (instead of at age 9 years) and a 2-DOSE scheme (instead of the current 3-DOSE scheme)
- Girls were willing to trade-off 7% (CI: 3.2% to 10.8%) of the degree of protection to have 10% less risk of mild side-effects, and 4% (CI: 1.2% to 5.9%) to receive 2 DOSEs instead of 3 DOSEs
- A 2-DOSE scheme may result in a higher uptake and we recommend that if this scheme is introduced, it needs to receive adequate publicity.
848. Economic evaluation of meningococcal serogroup B childhood vaccination in Ontario, Canada.
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- A 4-DOSE vaccination schedule, 97% coverage, 90% effectiveness, 66% strain coverage, 10-year duration of protection, and vaccine cost of C$75/DOSE were assumed
849. Vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells cure mesothelioma by overcoming tumor-induced immunosuppressive environment.
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- T-cell depletion and adoptive transfer experiments revealed that vaccine-elicited CD8(+) T cells conferred to the protective efficacy in a DOSE-dependent way
850. Study of T helper (17) and T regulatory cells in psoriatic patients receiving live attenuated varicella vaccine therapy in a randomized controlled trial.
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- All patients received cyclosporine at a daily DOSE of 2.5 mg/kg/day
- In addition, group A received 4 DOSEs of Varilrix(®) once/3 weeks, and group B received 4 DOSEs of subcutaneous saline
- Live attenuated varicella vaccine could play a role in the treatment of psoriasis when combined with low DOSE cyclosporine through accentuating the influence on the Th17/Treg balance.
851. Efficacy of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine in older adults.
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- As compared with a standard-DOSE vaccine, a high-DOSE, trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3-HD) improves antibody responses to influenza among adults 65 years of age or older
- We conducted a phase IIIb-IV, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial to compare IIV3-HD (60 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) with standard-DOSE trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3-SD [15 μg of hemagglutinin per strain]) in adults 65 years of age or older
852. Second generation inactivated eastern equine encephalitis virus vaccine candidates protect mice against a lethal aerosol challenge.
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- Both fCVEV1219 and gCVEV1219 provided partial to complete protection against an aerosol challenge when administered by different routes and schedules at various DOSEs, while iCVEV1219 was unable to provide substantial protection against an aerosol challenge by any route, DOSE, or schedule tested
853. Data science approaches to pharmacogenetics.
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- Ultimately, the challenge is to utilize gene-drug associations to create dosing algorithms based individual genotypes, which will guide physicians and ensure they prescribe the correct DOSE of the correct drug the first time eliminating trial-and-error and adverse events
854. Otitis media in children vaccinated during consecutive 7-valent or 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination schedules.
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- This analysis compares children less than 36 months of age who received a primary course of at least two DOSEs of PCV7 or PHiD-CV10, and not more than one DOSE of another pneumococcal vaccine
855. Development of a reverse genetics system for respiratory syncytial virus long strain and an immunogenicity study of the recombinant virus.
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- Although virulence was attenuated, high titers of neutralizing antibodies were induced in BALB/c mice after being inoculated with recombinant viruses in a three-DOSE schedule
856. Factors associated with hepatitis B vaccine series completion in a randomized trial for injection drug users reached through syringe exchange programs in three US cities.
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- IDUs were randomized in a trial comparing the standard HBV vaccination schedule (0, 1, and 6 months) to an accelerated schedule (0, 1, and 2 months) and participation data were analyzed to identify determinants of completion of the three-DOSE vaccine series
- Covariates associated with completion of the three-DOSE vaccine series were accelerated vaccine schedule (aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.34, 2.58, p = <0.001), older age (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03, 1.07, p = <0.001), and poorer self-rated health score (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05, 1.5, p = 0.02)
857. Association of liposome-encapsulated trivalent antimonial with ascorbic acid: an effective and safe strategy in the treatment of experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
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- Infected mice were subjected to single-DOSE treatments consisting in the administration of either free or liposome-encapsulated trivalent antimony (SbIII), in association or not with ascorbic acid
858. Waning vaccine immunity in teenagers primed with whole cell and acellular pertussis vaccine: recent epidemiology.
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- There is evidence that receiving wP as at least the first DOSE of pertussis-containing vaccine provides greater and more long-lived protection, irrespective of the nature of subsequent DOSEs
859. Efficacy of a monovalent human-bovine (116E) rotavirus vaccine in Indian children in the second year of life.
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- In a double-blind placebo controlled multicenter trial, 6799 infants aged 6-7 weeks were randomized to receive three DOSEs of an oral human-bovine natural reassortant vaccine (116E) or placebo at ages 6, 10, and 14 weeks
- We randomly assigned 4532 and 2267 subjects to receive vaccine and placebo, respectively, with over 96% subjects receiving all three DOSEs of the vaccine or placebo
- None of the eight intussusception events occurred within 30 days of a vaccine DOSE and all were reported only after the third DOSE
860. Active surveillance for intussusception in a phase III efficacy trial of an oral monovalent rotavirus vaccine in India.
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- Using broad screening criteria and active surveillance, the incidence of intussusception between 6 weeks and 2 years of age was measured in 4532 children who received three DOSEs of vaccine and 2267 children who received a placebo in the clinical trial
- None required surgical intervention, and the earliest identified intussusception was at 36 days following the third DOSE in a placebo recipient
- Among vaccine recipients the first event of intussusception occurred 112 days after the third DOSE
861. The efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in Iranian population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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- According to this study, the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination was more than 80% in general population, so injection of full course of hepatitis B vaccinationis enough and booster DOSE is not required.
862. In a safety net population HPV4 vaccine adherence worsens as BMI increases.
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- Three DOSEs of HPV4 may or may not provide adequate long term protection against HPV 16/18 in obese females
- 1240 females with BMI measurements received at least one DOSE of HPV4; 38% were obese (class I, II and III) and 25% were overweight
863. Efficacy and safety of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine during 18 months after vaccination: a phase 3 randomized, controlled trial in children and young infants at 11 African sites.
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- 6,537 infants aged 6-12 wk and 8,923 children aged 5-17 mo were randomized to receive three DOSEs of RTS,S/AS01 or comparator vaccine
- VE against clinical malaria in children during the 18 mo after vaccine DOSE 3 (per protocol) was 46% (95% CI 42% to 50%) (range 40% to 77%; VE, p<0.01 across all sites)
- VE during the 20 mo after vaccine DOSE 1 (intention to treat [ITT]) was 45% (95% CI 41% to 49%)
- RTS,S/AS01 prevented many cases of clinical and severe malaria over the 18 mo after vaccine DOSE 3, with the highest impact in areas with the greatest malaria incidence
864. Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity in United Kingdom laboratory workers of a combined Haemophilus influenzae type b and meningococcal capsular group C conjugate vaccine.
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- Subjects were a representative cross-section of laboratory workers, enabling us to conclude that a single DOSE of Hib/MenC-TT was safe and immunogenic in healthy adults providing the evidence that this vaccine may be used for providing protection in an occupational setting.
865. Evaluation of nonspreading Rift Valley fever virus as a vaccine vector using influenza virus hemagglutinin as a model antigen.
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- A single vaccination with NSR-HA protected all mice from a lethal challenge DOSE, while vaccination with NSR-sHA was not protective
866. Efficacy of a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine containing a Mannheimia haemolytica toxoid in calves challenge exposed with Bibersteinia trehalosi.
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- Calves in the control group (n = 36) were vaccinated by SC administration of 2 mL of a commercial 5-way MLV vaccine, and calves in the other group (38) were vaccinated by SC administration of a 2-mL DOSE of a 5-way MLV vaccine containing M haemolytica toxoid (day 0)
867. Critical analysis of compositions and protective efficacies of oral killed cholera vaccines.
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- Both Shanchol and Dukoral are two-spaced-DOSE oral vaccines comprising large numbers of killed cholera bacteria
- In a field trial in Peru, two spaced DOSEs of Dukoral offered negative protection in children under 5 years of age and little protection (15%) in vaccinees over 6 years of age during the first year of surveillance
- Various factors, such as the necessity for multiple DOSEs, poor protection of children under 5 years of age, the requirement of a cold supply chain, production costs, and complex logistics of vaccine delivery, greatly reduce the suitability of either of these vaccines for endemic or epidemic cholera control in resource-poor settings.
868. Enhancement of vaccine efficacy by expression of a TLR5 ligand in the defined live attenuated Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida strain U112ΔiglB::fljB.
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- However, this vaccination regimen requires a booster DOSE in mice and Exhibits 50% protective efficacy in the Fischer 344 rat model
869. Preventing secondary cases of invasive meningococcal capsular group B (MenB) disease using a recently-licensed, multi-component, protein-based vaccine (Bexsero(®)).
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- Unlike conjugate vaccines, early protection offered after a single DOSE of Bexsero(®) is likely to be low, particularly in young children, who are at higher risk of secondary infection
- NNV was dependent on predicted meningococcal strain coverage, estimated onset of protection after one Bexsero(®) DOSE and estimated vaccine efficacy
870. Serotype-specific effectiveness and correlates of protection for the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: a postlicensure indirect cohort study.
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- We measured serotype-specific IgG concentration in infants after they were given two priming DOSEs of PCV7 (n=126) or PCV13 (n=237) and opsonophagocytic antibody titre from a subset of these infants (n=100)
- For the 706 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease included in the study, PCV13 vaccine effectiveness after two DOSEs before age 12 months or one DOSE from 12 months was 75% (95% CI 58-84)
871. Immunotherapeutic agents in non-small-cell lung cancer finally coming to the front lines.
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- In advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), belagenpumatucel-L, an allogeneic cell vaccine directed against transforming growth factor β in the tumor microenvironment, knocks down the immune suppression caused by the tumor and has demonstrated a DOSE- and time-dependent efficacy in some subgroups of patients
872. Aerosol vaccination with AERAS-402 elicits robust cellular immune responses in the lungs of rhesus macaques but fails to protect against high-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge.
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- tuberculosis challenge DOSE may be a critical factor in limiting vaccine efficacy in this model
- However, the ability of aerosol rAd immunization to generate potent cellular immunity in the lung suggests that using different or more immunogens, alternative rAd serotypes with enhanced immunogenicity, and a physiological challenge DOSE may achieve protection against M
873. Flagellin from Marinobacter algicola and Vibrio vulnificus activates the innate immune response of gilthead seabream.
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- These effects were further confirmed in vitro, where a DOSE-dependent activation of macrophages and acidophilic granulocytes by MA and Vvul flagellins was observed
874. Induction of protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell culture and transgenic suckling mice by miRNA targeting integrin αv receptor.
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- When challenged with a DOSE of FMDV ten times greater than the LD50, the survival rate of transgenic suckling mice was approximately six-fold higher than that of their non-transgenic littermates, indicating that the interference of the miRNAs significantly reduced FMDV infection in the transgenic mice
875. Type III interferon attenuates a vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine vector.
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- Viruses such as VSV that are used as vaccine vectors can induce protective T cell and antibody responses after a single DOSE
876. Assessment of mOMV adjuvant efficacy in the pathogenic H1N1 influenza virus vaccine.
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- For this study, mice were vaccinated twice with various amount of antigen (0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 µg/DOSE hemagglutinin [HA]) that were mixed with mOMV, aluminum hydroxide (alum), and MF59, as well as the combined adjuvant comprising the mOMV plus alum
- We found that all the adjuvanted vaccines of A/California/04/09 (CA04, H1N1) containing HA antigen more than 0.1 µg/DOSE protected effectively from lethal challenge (maCA04, H1N1) virus, compared to the antigen only group
- Furthermore, vaccinated mice received as low as 0.05 µg/DOSE of the split vaccine containing the combined adjuvant (10 µg of mOMV plus alum) showed a full protection against lethal challenge with H1N1 virus
877. Phase II trial of intravesical nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder after bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment failure.
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- Results of the phase I intravesical trial of this compound demonstrated minimal toxicity during DOSE escalation
- If complete response was achieved, patients were treated with full DOSE monthly maintenance treatments for 6 months
878. The potential of liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin as a tularemia therapy.
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- tularensis live vaccine strain, showed that a single DOSE of liposomal ciprofloxacin given by the intranasal or inhalational route could provide protection in a mouse model of pneumonic tularemia
879. An autologous in situ tumor vaccination approach for hepatocellular carcinoma. 2. Tumor-specific immunity and cure after radio-inducible suicide gene therapy and systemic CD40-ligand and Flt3-ligand gene therapy in an orthotopic tumor model.
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- Fourteen days after the HCC injection, mice were treated with a 25 Gy DOSE of radiation to the whole liver, followed by ganciclovir (GCV) treatment and systemic adenoviral cytokine gene therapy (Flt3L or CD40L or both)
880. Cationic lipid-formulated DNA vaccine against hepatitis B virus: immunogenicity of MIDGE-Th1 vectors encoding small and large surface antigen in comparison to a licensed protein vaccine.
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- Thus, our results provide not only the proof of concept for the SAINT-18-formulated MIDGE-Th1 vector approach but also confirm that with a cationic-lipid formulation, a DNA vaccine at a relatively low DOSE can elicit an immune response similar to a human DOSE of an aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted protein vaccine in large animals.
881. Immunogenicity of the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in young children less than 4 years of age, with a focus on age and baseline antibodies.
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- In this study, we assessed the effects of the prevaccination titer and age on the immunogenicity of a low DOSE of influenza vaccine in children less than 4 years of age
- A total of 259 children received two vaccine DOSEs (0.1 ml for 0-year-olds and 0.2 ml for children 1 year of age or older) 4 weeks apart during the 2005/2006 season
- The hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers were measured before vaccination and 4 weeks after the first and second DOSEs
- As for the seroresponse against the H1 antigen after the first DOSE, the adjusted odds ratios of the prevaccination titers (versus <1:10) were 2.2 (95% confidence interval, 0.8 to 5.8) at 1:10 to 1:20 and 0.14 (0.04 to 0.49) at ≥1:40
882. Lifting the mask: identification of new small molecule inhibitors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli group 2 capsule biogenesis.
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883. Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide CRM conjugate vaccine in infants and toddlers.
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- Healthy infants received MenACWY-CRM in a two- or three-DOSE primary infant series plus a single toddler DOSE
- In addition, a two-DOSE toddler catch-up series was evaluated
- After a full infant/toddler series or two-DOSE toddler catch-up series, MenACWY-CRM elicited immune responses against the four serogroups in 94-100% of subjects
- Noninferiority of the two- versus three-DOSE MenACWY-CRM infant dosing regimen was established for geometric mean titers for all serogroups
- Following the three-DOSE infant primary series, 89-98% of subjects achieved an hSBA ≥ 8 across all serogroups
- Immune responses to concomitant routine vaccines given with MenACWY-CRM were noninferior to responses to routine vaccines alone, except for pertactin after the two-DOSE infant series
- Noninferiority criteria were met for all concomitant antigens after the three-DOSE infant series
884. Vaccination coverage for infants: cross-sectional studies in two regions of Belgium.
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- Approximately 99% of the children had received the first DOSE of IPV-DTaP, 90% the fourth DOSE, 94% the MMR vaccine, 97% the first DOSE of pneumococcal vaccine, and 90% the third DOSE
- Coverage for the fourth DOSE of hexavalent vaccine (DTaP-IPV-HBV/Hib) needs to be increased
885. Evaluation of the efficacy of a new modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine (Fostera PRRS) against heterologous PRRSV challenge.
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- The pigs in groups 1 and 2 were immunized with a 2.0 mL DOSE of modified live PRRSV vaccine at 21 days of age, according to the manufacturer's recommendations
- At 56 days of age (0 days post-challenge), the pigs in groups 1 and 3 were inoculated intranasally with 3 mL of tissue culture fluid containing 10(5) 50% tissue culture infective DOSE (TCID50)/mL of PRRSV (SNUVR090851 strain, fourth passage in MARC-145 cells)
886. Therapeutic treatment of Nipah virus infection in nonhuman primates with a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody.
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- Sixteen African green monkeys (AGMs) were challenged intratracheally with a lethal DOSE of NiV, and 12 animals were infused twice with m102.4 (15 mg/kg) beginning at either 1, 3, or 5 days after virus challenge and again about 2 days later
887. Squalene-adjuvanted H7N9 virus vaccine induces robust humoral immune response against H7N9 and H7N7 viruses.
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- Various DOSEs of H7N9 inactivated whole or split-virus antigens (0.5, 1.5, or 3 μg based on hemagglutinin content) combined with squalene-based adjuvant (AddaVAX), aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 or without adjuvant were evaluated for the efficacy of H7N9 vaccine regiments in mice
- DOSE-sparing experiments suggested that the formulation with as low as 0.004 μg of split or whole virus vaccine antigens together with 50% AddaVAX provided sufficient sero-protective HAI titers and achieved essential virus-neutralizing antibody titers against H7-subtype influenza viruses in mice
888. A recombinant rabies vaccine expressing the trimeric form of the glycoprotein confers enhanced immunogenicity and protection in outbred mice.
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- A single, low DOSE of RABV-tG in combination with Matrix-M™ induced high levels of high avidity neutralizing antibodies and protected all mice against challenge with a lethal DOSE of RABV
889. Inclusion of a universal tetanus toxoid CD4(+) T cell epitope P2 significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of recombinant rotavirus ΔVP8* subunit parenteral vaccines.
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- Two DOSEs (10 or 20 μg/DOSE) of the P2-P[8]ΔVP8* vaccine or P2-P[6]ΔVP8* vaccine with aluminum phosphate adjuvant elicited significantly higher geometric mean homologous neutralizing antibody titers than the vaccines without P2 in intramuscularly immunized guinea pigs
- Interestingly, high levels of neutralizing antibody responses induced in guinea pigs with 3 DOSEs of the P2-P[8]ΔVP8* vaccine persisted for at least 6 months
- Furthermore, in the gnotobiotic piglet challenge study, three intramuscular DOSEs (50 μg/DOSE) of the P2-P[8]ΔVP8* vaccine with aluminum phosphate adjuvant significantly delayed the onset of diarrhea and significantly reduced the duration of diarrhea and the cumulative diarrhea score after oral challenge with virulent human rotavirus Wa (G1P[8]) strain
890. Immunization against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii effectively protects mice in both pneumonia and sepsis models.
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- The antisera from immunized mice presented with significant opsonophagocytic activities in a DOSE-dependent manner against not only homologous strains but also five of the other six clonally distinct clinical isolates
891. [HPV vaccination coverage in German girls: results of the KiGGS study: first follow-up (KiGGS Wave 1)].
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- Standardized telephone interviews included questions for girls on the number of HPV vaccine DOSEs and visits to a gynecologist
- The prevalence of vaccination with at least one HPV vaccine DOSE was 52.6% (95% confidence interval 48.5-56.6)
- Three-DOSE HPV vaccination coverage was 39.5% (35.3-43.9)
892. Association between human papillomavirus vaccine status and other cervical cancer risk factors.
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- Overall, 78% had completed the three-DOSE vaccine course
893. Sequential Phase 1 and Phase 2 randomized, controlled trials of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of combined pre-erythrocytic vaccine antigens RTS,S and TRAP formulated with AS02 Adjuvant System in healthy, malaria naïve adults.
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- However, post-DOSE 2 anti-CS antibodies in the RTS,S+TRAP/AS02 vaccine recipients were lower than in the RTS,S/AS02 vaccine recipients
- The absence of significant protection or delay of parasitemia in the 11 RTS,S+TRAP/AS02 vaccine recipients contrasts with previous 2 DOSE studies of RTS,S/AS02
894. The effect of age on the efficacy of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin relative to maintenance epirubicin in patients with stage Ta T1 urothelial bladder cancer: results from EORTC genito-urinary group study 30911.
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895. A safety and feasibility study of an allogeneic colon cancer cell vaccine administered with a granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor-producing bystander cell line in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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- A novel colorectal cancer vaccine composed of irradiated, allogeneic human colon cancer cells and GM-CSF-producing bystander cells was developed and tested in combination with a single intravenous low DOSE of cyclophosphamide in a phase 1 study of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
896. Efficacy assessment of an MVA vectored Rift Valley Fever vaccine in lambs.
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- The present study has evaluated the protection conferred by a single subcutaneous DOSE of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectored vaccine encoding the Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) glycoproteins Gn and Gc in lambs
- Together, the data suggest that a single DOSE of the rMVA-GnGc vaccine may be sufficient to reduce RVFV shedding and duration of viremia but does not provide sterile immunity nor protection from disease
897. Economic evaluation of vaccination programme of mumps vaccine to the birth cohort in Japan.
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- We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis with Markov model and calculated incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of 11 different programmes; a single-DOSE programme at 12-16 months and 10 two-DOSE programmes with second DOSE uptakes at ages 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11
- Results show that single-DOSE programme dominates status quo
- On the other hand, ICERs of all 10 two-DOSE programmes are under ¥6,300,000 (US$65,082) per QALY from payer's perspective while it ranged from cost-saving to <¥7,000,000 (US$72,314) per QALY from societal perspective
- Likewise, to uptake second DOSE at 3-5 years old is more favourable than an uptake at any other age because of lower incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.
898. [Study on challenge dose of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (Chuansha strain)].
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- In order to determine the challenge DOSE of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain)
- After inoculating 30-day-old and 120-day-old pigeons with low-HI antibody against PPMV-1 (HI antibody < or =2) with different DOSEs of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain), the clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions of the challenged pigeons were examined
- The results showed that the minimal lethal DOSE (MLD) of PPMV-1 (Chuansha strain) was 102.5 ELD50, so we determined that 10(5.5) ELD50, which was 1000 times the MLD, could be taken as the challenge DOSE in the vaccine efficacy test for PPMV-1 inactivated vaccine (S-1 strain).
899. Intranasal P particle vaccine provided partial cross-variant protection against human GII.4 norovirus diarrhea in gnotobiotic pigs.
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- The P particle vaccine primed for stronger immune responses than VLPs, including significantly higher numbers of activated CD4+ T cells in all tissues, gamma interferon-producing (IFN-γ+) CD8+ T cells in the duodenum, regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the blood, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-producing CD4+ CD25- FoxP3+ Tregs in the spleen postchallenge, indicating that P particles are more immunogenic than VLPs at the same DOSE
900. A Single B-repeat of Staphylococcus epidermidis accumulation-associated protein induces protective immune responses in an experimental biomaterial-associated infection mouse model.
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- epidermidis RP62A biofilm formation in a DOSE-dependent pattern
901. Role for Gr-1+ cells in the control of high-dose Mycobacterium bovis recombinant BCG.
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- Most studies aimed at defining the clearance of BCG have been performed at DOSEs between 10(2) and 10(4) CFU
- Interestingly, however, recombinant BCG (rBCG) administered at DOSEs of >10(6) CFU effectively generates antigen-specific T-cell responses and primes for heterologous boost responses
- Thus, defining clearance at high DOSEs might aid in the optimization of rBCG as a vector
- Similar to studies using low-DOSE rBCG, our results demonstrate that the adaptive immune response is necessary for long-term control of rBCG beginning 9 days after immunizing mice
- As Gr-1(+) granulocytes have been described as having no impact on BCG clearance at low DOSEs, our results reveal an unappreciated role for Gr-1(+) neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes in the clearance of high-DOSE rBCG
902. Effectiveness of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected and -uninfected children in south africa: a matched case-control study.
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- We estimated the effectiveness of ≥2 PCV7 DOSEs against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and -uninfected children
- Effectiveness of ≥2 PCV7 DOSEs against vaccine-serotype IPD was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25%-91%) among HIV-uninfected and -12% (95% CI, -449% to 77%) among HIV-infected children
- Effectiveness of ≥3 DOSEs against vaccine-serotype IPD was 90% (95% CI, 14%-99%) among HIV-uninfected and 57% (95% CI, -371% to 96%) among HIV-infected children
- Among HIV-exposed but -uninfected children, effectiveness of ≥2 DOSEs was 92% (95% CI, 47%-99%) against vaccine-serotype IPD
- Effectiveness of ≥2 DOSEs against all-serotype multidrug-resistant IPD was 96% (95% CI, 62%-100%) among HIV-uninfected children
- This finding supports the World Health Organization recommendation for this schedule as an alternative to a 3-DOSE primary series among HIV-uninfected individuals.
903. Risk of febrile seizures after first dose of measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine: a population-based cohort study.
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- We determined the risk of febrile seizure after the first DOSE of MMRV, as well as any additional risk for children at high risk for seizures because of pre-existing medical conditions
- In this retrospective, population-based cohort study, we compared the risk of seizures after the first DOSE of MMRV with the risk after same-day administration of separate MMR and varicella vaccines (MMR+V) in children 12 to 23 months of age in the province of Alberta
- The excess absolute risk of seizures was 3.52 seizures per 10 000 DOSEs of MMRV relative to MMR+V
904. STING ligand c-di-GMP improves cancer vaccination against metastatic breast cancer.
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- Mice with metastatic breast cancer (4T1 model) were therapeutically immunized with an attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (LM)-based vaccine, expressing tumor-associated antigen Mage-b (LM-Mb), followed by multiple low DOSEs of c-di-GMP (0.2 μmol/L)
- Low DOSEs of c-di-GMP significantly increased the production of IL12 by MDSCs, in correlation with improved T-cell responses to Mage-b, whereas a high DOSE of c-di-GMP (range, 0.3-3 mmol/L) activated caspase-3 in the 4T1 tumor cells and killed the tumor cells directly
- On the basis of these results, we tested one administration of high-DOSE c-di-GMP (3 mmol/L) followed by repeated administrations of low-DOSE c-di-GMP (0.2 μmol/L) in the 4T1 model, and found equal efficacy compared with the combination of LM-Mb and c-di-GMP
905. [Preparation of an autophagy-targeted antituberculosis DNA vaccine encoding LpqH fused with LC3].
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- The LC3-LpqH fusion protein was also detected in RAW264.7 cells after pCMV-LC3-LpqH transfection and in a DOSE-dependent manner
906. Protective efficacy in chickens of recombinant plasmid pET32a(+)-ADF-3-1E of Eimeria acervulina.
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- The chickens were immunized intramuscularly with recombinant plasmid DNA in a DOSE of 200 μg, respectively, and a booster vaccination was given at the same dosage 1 week later
907. Final report of the phase I/II clinical trial of the E75 (nelipepimut-S) vaccine with booster inoculations to prevent disease recurrence in high-risk breast cancer patients.
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- The studies were conducted as DOSE escalation/schedule optimization trials enrolling node-positive and high-risk node-negative patients with tumors expressing any degree of HER2 (immunohistochemistry 1-3+)
- Due to trial design, 65% of patients received less than the optimal vaccine DOSE
- Five-year DFS was 94.6% in optimally DOSEd patients (P = 0.05 versus the CG) and 87.1% in suboptimally DOSEd patients
- A phase III trial evaluating the optimal DOSE and including booster inoculations has been initiated
908. Parenteral administration of attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium ΔznuABC is protective against salmonellosis in piglets.
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909. Identification of relapse predictors in IgG4-related disease using multivariate analysis of clinical data at the first visit and initial treatment.
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- Inducting clinical remission by glucocorticoid treatment is relatively easy in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), but relapse also occurs easily with tapering of the steroid DOSE
- Complication with autoimmune pancreatitis and low steroid DOSE at initial treatment also tended to be associated with recurrence
910. Children who received PCV-10 vaccine from a two-dose vial without preservative are not more likely to develop injection site abscess compared with those who received pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) vaccine: a longitudinal multi-site study.
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- The single DOSE pneumonia ten-valent vaccine has been widely used and is highly efficacious against selected strains Streptococcus pneumonia
- A two-DOSE vial without preservative is being introduced in developing countries to reduce the cost of the vaccine
- No significant increase in the risk of injection site abscess was observed between the injection sites of PCV-10 vaccine from a two-DOSE vial without preservative and pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) vaccine in the first 7 days following vaccination.
911. Dietary pyridoxine controls efficacy of vitamin B6-auxotrophic tuberculosis vaccine bacillus Calmette-Guérin ΔureC::hly Δpdx1 in mice.
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- Unlike the lipophilic vitamins A, D, and E, water-soluble vitamin B6 is well tolerated at high DOSEs
- Adaptive immunity and protection in mice consistently depended on increased dietary vitamin B6 above the daily required DOSE
912. Efficacy of pneumococcal nontypable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in young Latin American children: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.
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- Interim analysis of the primary end point was planned when 535 first B-CAP episodes, occurring ≥2 wk after DOSE 3, were identified in the per-protocol cohort
913. Aluminium in allergen-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy--a German perspective.
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- Regulatory authorities currently set aluminium limits for vaccines per DOSE, rather than per treatment course
- Unlike prophylactic vaccinations, numerous injections with higher proportions of aluminium-adjuvant per injection are applied in subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and will significantly contribute to a higher cumulative life DOSE of aluminium
914. Hypothesis testing for an extended cox model with time-varying coefficients.
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- The new methods were applied to the HIVNET 012 Study, a randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy of single-DOSE Nevirapine against mother-to-child HIV transmission conducted by the HIV Prevention Trial Network.
915. Modeling optimal cervical cancer prevention strategies in Nigeria.
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- In the base-case optimization model analyses, with a coverage constraint of 20% for one lifetime screening, 95% for vaccination and a budget constraint of $1 per woman per year to minimize CC incidence, the optimal mix of prevention strategies would result in a reduction of CC incidence of 31% (3-DOSE vaccination available) or 46% (2-DOSE vaccination available) compared with CC incidence pre-vaccination
- With a 3-DOSE vaccination schedule, the optimal combination of the different strategies across the population would be 20% screening alone, 39% vaccination alone and 41% with no prevention, while with a 2-DOSE vaccination schedule the optimal combination would be 71% vaccination alone, and 29% with no prevention
- The results of the optimization model indicate that, in Nigeria, the most efficient allocation of a limited budget would be to invest in both vaccination and screening with a 3-DOSE vaccination schedule, and in vaccination alone before implementing a screening program with a 2-DOSE vaccination schedule.
916. Membrane-bound IL-12 and IL-23 serve as potent mucosal adjuvants when co-presented on whole inactivated influenza vaccines.
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- The co-presentation of immunomodulators in direct context with viral antigen in whole inactivated viral vaccines may provide a means to significantly lower the DOSE of vaccine required for protection.
917. Sulfated glucan can improve the immune efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine in chicken.
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- The results showed that SGSC at suitable DOSE could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation, enhance serum antibody titer, and improve serum IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations
918. Rotavirus vaccination coverage and adherence to recommended age among infants in Flanders (Belgium) in 2012.
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- The coverage rate for two DOSEs of rotavirus vaccination was 92.2% (95% confidence interval: 90.2-93.8)
- Respectively 31.7% and 10.1% of the children received their first and second DOSE at the recommended age
919. Adverse reaction to sublingual Parietaria vaccine following an ultra-rush induction.
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- We describe a case of acute severe asthma following the first maintenance DOSE of SLIT in a boy allergic to Parietaria pollen
920. Intranasal H5N1 vaccines, adjuvanted with chitosan derivatives, protect ferrets against highly pathogenic influenza intranasal and intratracheal challenge.
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- The 2-DOSE schedule with TM-CSN vaccine also induced cross-reactive antibodies to clade 2.1 and 2.2 H5N1 viruses
921. Timely versus delayed early childhood vaccination and seizures.
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- In a cohort of 323 247 US children from the Vaccine Safety Datalink born from 2004 to 2008, we analyzed the association between the timing of childhood vaccination and the first occurrence of seizure with a self-controlled case series analysis of the first DOSEs of individual vaccines received in the first 2 years of life
- In the second year of life, the incident rate ratio (IRR) for seizures after receipt of the first measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) DOSE at 12 to 15 months was 2.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99-3.55); the IRR after an MMR DOSE at 16 to 23 months was 6.53 (95% CI 3.15-13.53)
- The IRR for seizures after receipt of the first measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMRV) DOSE at 12 to 15 months was 4.95 (95% CI 3.68-6.66); the IRR after an MMRV DOSE at 16 to 23 months was 9.80 (95% CI 4.35 -22.06)
922. Immunogenicity of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) and impact on carriage in Venezuelan children at risk of invasive pneumococcal diseases.
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- Blood samples were taken to determine the concentration of IgG antibody, and nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained to isolate Streptococcus pneumoniae, before the first vaccine DOSE and 1 month after completion of the vaccination schedule
- Children previously colonized with serotype 6B had a significantly lower GMC to this serotype following immunization than children not carrying 6B prior to the first PCV DOSE (p<0.05)
923. Chikungunya viruses that escape monoclonal antibody therapy are clinically attenuated, stable, and not purified in mosquitoes.
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- To this end, our laboratory recently generated a combination monoclonal antibody therapy that aborted lethal and arthritogenic disease in wild-type and immunocompromised mice when administered as a single DOSE several days after infection
924. A next-generation genetically attenuated Plasmodium falciparum parasite created by triple gene deletion.
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- Using an improved humanized mouse model transplanted with human hepatocytes and human red blood cells, we show that despite a high-DOSE sporozoite challenge, Pf p52(-)/p36(-)/sap1(-) GAP did not transition to blood stage infection and appeared to be completely attenuated
925. High level antibody avidity is achieved in HIV-seropositive recipients of an inactivated split adjuvanted (AS03A) influenza vaccine.
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- Two dosing strategies (Group1: single DOSE, n = 28
- Group2: single DOSE plus booster, n = 36) with an AS03A-adjuvanted H1N12009 pandemic influenza vaccine (Arepanrix, GSK) were assessed in HIV patients
- In these subjects, AI was at ~9 at baseline and was not significantly increased by one or two vaccine DOSEs
- In those without detectable baseline antibodies, immunization induced modest antibody titers [Group1 HAI, 61 (26-144); Group2 HAI, 46 (28-76)] with high AI after one DOSE at day 21 [Group1 AI, 8.8 (7.3-10.7); Group2 AI, 8.9 (7.8-10.1)]
- A second DOSE of vaccine generated significantly higher HAI titers at day 42 [Group1 HAI, 41 (18-90); Group2 HAI, 92 (64-132)] and persisted to 6 months [Group1 HAI, 9 (6-13); Group2 HAI, 19 (13-30)]
- In participants initially seronegative, two DOSEs of vaccine enabled a greater percentage of subjects to respond to the vaccine and elicited higher HAI titers
- We demonstrate that high avidity antibodies can be achieved after vaccination and support a two-DOSE immunization strategy for HIV-positive subjects.
926. Safety and efficacy of an aroA-deleted live vaccine against avian colibacillosis in a multicentre field trial in broilers in Morocco.
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- A field DOSE of vaccine was administered on day of hatch by the spray route
927. Fold rise in antibody titers by measured by glycoprotein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is an excellent correlate of protection for a herpes zoster vaccine, demonstrated via the vaccine efficacy curve.
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- The phase III Zostavax Efficacy and Safety Trial of 1 DOSE of licensed zoster vaccine (ZV; Zostavax; Merck) in 50-59-year-olds showed approximately 70% vaccine efficacy (VE) to reduce the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ)
928. Lack of protection following passive transfer of polyclonal highly functional low-dose non-neutralizing antibodies.
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- Passive transfer of a low-DOSE of ADCC inducing antibodies did not protect from infection following SHIV-SF162P3 challenge
929. Evaluating the potential risks and benefits of infant rotavirus vaccination in England.
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- Recent estimates of vaccine-related risk from Australia were applied during the 1-21 day period after the first and second DOSE of vaccination
930. Infection control for norovirus.
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- Norovirus infections are notoriously difficult to prevent and control, owing to their low infectious DOSE, high shedding titre, and environmental stability
931. Efficacy and safety of an oral somatostatin DNA vaccine without antibiotic resistance gene in promoting growth of piglets.
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- The animals in the first three groups were orally given vaccine in DOSE of either 5 9 1010, 5 9 109 or 5 9 108 colony-forming units (CFU).The remaining two groups were orally administered with either bacteria C500(containing pVAX-asd plasmid without somatostatin gene) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as controls
- The results indicated that the vaccine induced SS-specific antibodies in a DOSE-dependent pattern
- Compared with the PBS control, animals in the high-DOSE group showed lower SS levels and higher growth hormone (GH) levels in sera
- Average daily gain of animals in the high DOSE group was increased by 32.88% and 26.46% during 4 and 8 weeks,respectively
932. Streptavidin: a novel immunostimulant for the selection and delivery of autologous and syngeneic tumor vaccines.
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- Initial syngeneic vaccine studies in the 9L rat glioma model were used to optimize vaccine DOSE and selectivity
933. Safety and immunogenicity of tetanus diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) immunization during pregnancy in mothers and infants: a randomized clinical trial.
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- Secondary outcomes were antibody concentrations in pregnant women before and 4 weeks after Tdap immunization or placebo, at delivery and 2 months' postpartum, and in infants at birth, at 2 months, and after the third and fourth DOSEs of DTaP
- Antibody responses in infants born to women receiving Tdap during pregnancy were not different following the fourth DOSE of DTaP
934. Risk factors associated with immunoprophylaxis failure against mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B vaccination status in Yunnan province, China.
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- The rate of timely HepB1 vaccination within 24h was 98.04%, the rate of three-DOSE vaccination was 92.30% and the rate of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) administration was 68.97%
935. Fecal shedding of non-O157 serogroups of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in feedlot cattle vaccinated with an Escherichia coli O157:H7 SRP vaccine or fed a Lactobacillus-based direct-fed microbial.
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- coli SRP vaccine, two DOSEs) and a DFM product (low-DOSE Bovamine)
936. Low doses of flagellin-L2 multimer vaccines protect against challenge with diverse papillomavirus genotypes.
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- Efficacy was evaluated following active immunization of rabbits or mice administered 3 intramuscular DOSEs of Fla-L2 recombinants without exogenous adjuvant, followed by challenge
- Following active immunization at DOSEs as low as 1 μg, Fla-L2 fusions afforded complete protection against infection (mice) and disease (rabbits) following either homologous or heterologous HPV challenge
937. Locally delivered CD40 agonist antibody accumulates in secondary lymphoid organs and eradicates experimental disseminated bladder cancer.
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- In terms of antitumor efficacy, local anti-CD40 antibody stimulation was superior to systemic therapy at an equivalent DOSE and CD8 T cells were crucial for tumor growth inhibition
- To summarize, local low-DOSE administration of anti-CD40 antibody mediates antitumor effects in murine models with reduced toxicity and may represent an attractive treatment alternative in the clinic.
938. Efficacy of a flexible schedule for administration of a Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo bacterin to beef calves.
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- Calves were assigned to 3 groups and administered 2 DOSEs of adjuvant (control calves; n = 11), 1 DOSE of serovar Hardjo bacterin and 1 DOSE of adjuvant (22), or 2 DOSEs of the serovar Hardjo bacterin (22); there was a 16-week interval between DOSE administrations
- Three weeks after the second DOSE, all calves were challenge exposed by use of conjunctival instillation of a heterologous strain of L borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo for 3 consecutive days
- A significant increase in antibody titers against L borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo was detected after administration of the second DOSE of L borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo bacterin and challenge exposure
- Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo was not isolated from the urine or kidney samples obtained from any of the 21 remaining calves that received 1 DOSE of bacterin or the 20 remaining calves that received 2 DOSEs of bacterin
- Protection in young calves was induced by vaccination with 1 or 2 DOSEs of a serovar Hardjo bacterin.
939. Durability of a vesicular stomatitis virus-based marburg virus vaccine in nonhuman primates.
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- Importantly, these data are the first to show 100% protective efficacy against any high DOSE filovirus challenge beyond 8 weeks after final vaccination
940. Working together: interactions between vaccine antigens and adjuvants.
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- The development of vaccines containing adjuvants has the potential to enhance antibody and cellular immune responses, broaden protective immunity against heterogeneous pathogen strains, enable antigen DOSE sparing, and facilitate efficacy in immunocompromised populations
941. Correlates of complete childhood vaccination in East African countries.
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- In all countries, the majority of children received at least one DOSE of a WHO recommended vaccine; however, in Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda less than 50% of children received a complete schedule of recommended vaccines
942. Intussusception after monovalent human rotavirus vaccine in Australia: severity and comparison of using healthcare database records versus case confirmation to assess risk.
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- Of 179 unique episodes coded as IS, 110 (61%) met Brighton level 1 criteria; self-controlled case series analysis found a relative incidence of IS in days 1-7 after the first DOSE of RV1 of 11.1 (95% confidence interval: 2.6-48.0)
943. Efficacy and safety of hepatitis A vaccination in kidney transplant recipients.
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- Seronegative patients were immunized with 2 DOSEs of HAV vaccine at a 6-month interval
- Seroconversion of anti-HAV IgG was determined 1 month after the second vaccine DOSE, and adverse effects were monitored after each vaccination
- Fifty-two seronegative recipients (mean age 34.1 years, 71.2% male) had received 2 DOSEs of vaccine, and only 14 of these patients (26.9%) showed seroconversion
- Responders had a tendency of taking lower DOSE of prednisolone (3.5 ± 1.6 vs
944. Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in healthy Chinese women aged 18-25 years: results from a randomized controlled trial.
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- Mean follow-up for the according-to-protocol cohort for efficacy (ATP-E) was ∼15 months after the third DOSE
945. An orally available, small-molecule polymerase inhibitor shows efficacy against a lethal morbillivirus infection in a large animal model.
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- Prophylactic oral treatment of ferrets infected intranasally with a lethal CDV DOSE reduced viremia and prolonged survival
- Ferrets infected with the same DOSE of virus that received post-infection treatment at the onset of viremia showed low-grade viral loads, remained asymptomatic, and recovered from infection, whereas control animals succumbed to the disease
- Animals that recovered also mounted a robust immune response and were protected against rechallenge with a lethal CDV DOSE
946. Emerging inhalation aerosol devices and strategies: where are we headed?
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- Alternatively, dry powder inhalers (DPIs) have become highly favourable for delivering high-DOSE and single-DOSE drugs with the aid of advanced particle engineering
- In contrast, innovations are needed to overcome the technical constrains in drug-propellant incompatibility and delivering high-DOSE drugs with pressurised metered DOSE inhalers (pMDIs)
947. Recombinant BCG coexpressing Ag85B, ESAT-6 and Rv3620c elicits specific Th1 immune responses in C57BL/6 mice.
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- A single DOSE immunization of rBCG could induce a significantly strong Th1 immune response characterized by an increasing ratio of antigen-specific IgG2b/IgG1 as well as a high expression level of Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2
948. Broad spectrum antiviral activity of favipiravir (T-705): protection from highly lethal inhalational Rift Valley Fever.
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- In the current study, two experiments were performed: a DOSE-determination study and a delayed-treatment study
949. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG enhanced Th1 cellular immunity but did not affect antibody responses in a human gut microbiota transplanted neonatal gnotobiotic pig model.
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- This study aims to establish a human gut microbiota (HGM) transplanted gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model of human rotavirus (HRV) infection and diarrhea, and to verify the DOSE-effects of probiotics on HRV vaccine-induced immune responses
- Our previous studies using the Gn pig model found that probiotics DOSE-dependently regulated both T cell and B cell immune responses induced by rotavirus vaccines
- The higher DOSE Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) feeding (14 DOSEs, up to 109 colony-forming-unit [CFU]/DOSE) effectively increased the LGG counts in the HGM Gn pig intestinal contents and significantly enhanced HRV-specific IFN-γ producing T cell responses to the AttHRV vaccine
- Lower DOSE LGG (9 DOSEs, up to 106 CFU/DOSE) was ineffective
- Neither DOSEs of LGG significantly improved the protection rate, HRV-specific IgA and IgG antibody titers in serum, or IgA antibody titers in intestinal contents compared to the AttHRV vaccine alone, suggesting that an even higher DOSE of LGG is needed to overcome the influence of the microbiota to achieve the immunostimulatory effect in the HGM pigs
950. Hemozoin is a potent adjuvant for hemagglutinin split vaccine without pyrogenicity in ferrets.
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- sHZ enhanced HI titers against three viral HA antigens in a DOSE-dependent manner, to an extent comparable to that of Fluad
- The highest DOSE of sHZ (800 μg) immunized with SV conferred sterile protection against infection with heterologous Influenza B virus, without causing any pyrogenic reaction such as high fever
951. [Recommendations for prevention of community-acquired pneumonia with bacteremia as the leading form of invasive pneumococcal infections in the population of people over 50 years of age and risk groups above 19 years of age].
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- In persons > or = 19 years which earlier received 1 or should receive more PPV23 DOSEs first PCV13 DOSE should be given after the year or later than the last PPV23 DOSE, and then again PPV23 > or = 8 of weeks from PCV13 and the second PPV23 DOSE not earlier than 5 years from last PPV23
952. A respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine based on parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5).
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- The vaccine strains were used separately for single-DOSE vaccinations in BALB/c mice
953. Low dose influenza virus challenge in the ferret leads to increased virus shedding and greater sensitivity to oseltamivir.
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- We have demonstrated that reducing the challenge DOSE to 102 pfu delays the onset of clinical signs by 1 day, and results in a modest reduction in clinical signs, and a less rapid nasal cavity innate immune response
- A DOSE of 104 pfu gave an infection that was intermediate between those of the 106 pfu and 102 pfu DOSEs
- To address the hypothesis that using a more authentic low challenge DOSE would facilitate a more sensitive model for antiviral efficacy, we used the well-known neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir
- Oseltamivir-treated and untreated ferrets were challenged with high (106 pfu) and low (102 pfu) DOSEs of influenza H1N1pdm09 virus
- The low DOSE treated ferrets showed significant delays in innate immune response and virus shedding, delayed onset of pathological changes in the nasal cavity, and reduced pathological changes and viral RNA load in the lung, relative to untreated ferrets
- Importantly, these observations were not seen in treated animals when the high DOSE challenge was used
- In summary, low DOSE challenge gives a disease that more closely parallels the disease parameters of human influenza infection, and provides an improved pre-clinical model for the assessment of influenza therapeutics, and potentially, influenza vaccines.
954. Limited efficacy of West Nile virus vaccines in large falcons (Falco spp.).
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- Using the recommended 2-DOSE regimen, both vaccines elicited only sub-optimal antibody responses and gave only partial protection following WNV challenge
- Better results were obtained for both vaccines after a third DOSE, i.e
955. Low-dose recombinant properdin provides substantial protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis infection.
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- In a parallel experiment, mice were challenged intranasally with a lethal DOSE of S
- DOSE of Pn at the time of infection showed no signs of bacteremia at 12 h postinfection and had prolonged survival times compared with the saline-treated control group (P < 0.0001)
956. Evaluation in mice of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a tetravalent subunit vaccine candidate against dengue virus.
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- After three DOSEs, neutralizing antibody titers were detected against the four viral serotypes, the lowest seroconversion rate being against dengue virus serotype 4
- One month after the last DOSE, immunized animals were challenged with infective virus, and partial but statistically significant protection was found to have been achieved
957. Immunogenicity and efficacy of a recombinant adenovirus expressing hemagglutinin from the H5N1 subtype of swine influenza virus in mice.
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- The recombinant virus induced high levels of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody at a median tissue culture infective DOSE of 10(8) or 10(7)
958. Vaccine risk assessment in children with a referred reaction to a previous vaccine dose: 2009-2011 retrospective report at the Bambino Gesu' children hospital, Rome, Italy.
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- We analyze the experience of 153 children with "reaction to a previous vaccine DOSE" continuing the vaccination protocol in the safe environment of the Center for risk vaccination at the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS in Rome, from 2009 to 2011
959. Galleria mellonella as an alternative model of Coxiella burnetii infection.
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- Following subcutaneous infection, we report that intracellular bacteria were present within haemocytes and that larval death occurred in a DOSE-dependent manner
960. Generation of an attenuated Tiantan vaccinia virus by deletion of the ribonucleotide reductase large subunit.
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- Compared to wild-type parental (VTT) and revertant (VTT-rev) viruses, virulence of the mutant MVTT was reduced by 100-fold based on body weight reduction and by 3,200-fold based on determination of the intracranial 50% lethal infectious DOSE
961. Effectiveness of influenza vaccine against life-threatening RT-PCR-confirmed influenza illness in US children, 2010-2012.
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- Receipt of 1 DOSE of vaccine among children for whom 2 DOSEs were recommended was not protective
962. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin strain differences have an impact on clinical outcome in bladder cancer immunotherapy.
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963. Changes in meningococcal C epidemiology and vaccine effectiveness after vaccine introduction and schedule modification.
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- In 2006, routine vaccination was modified to two DOSEs at 2 and 4-6 months and a booster DOSE during the second year of age
- Vaccine effectiveness was high in all vaccination programmes, although 2, 4-6 months (+ booster DOSE) routine showed higher overall vaccine effectiveness than 2, 4 and 6 months routine (99.3% vs
964. Single-dose intranasal treatment with DEF201 (adenovirus vectored consensus interferon) prevents lethal disease due to Rift Valley fever virus challenge.
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- Complete protection against RVFV infection was observed from a single DOSE of DEF201 administered one or seven days prior to challenge while all control animals succumbed within three days of infection
- Post‑exposure, DEF201 was able to confer significant protection when DOSEd at 30 min or 6 h, but not at 24 h post-RVFV challenge
- Our findings suggest that DEF201 may be a useful countermeasure against RVFV infection and further demonstrates its broad-spectrum capacity to stimulate single DOSE protective immunity.
965. Antibody persistence and booster response of a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine in adolescents.
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- To evaluate the tolerability and immunogenicity of a booster DOSE of the quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine MenACWY-CRM (Menveo, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Siena, Italy) administered 3 years after primary vaccination of adolescents enrolled in a phase 3 study with either MenACWY-CRM or MenACWY-D (Menactra, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania)
- A subset of MenACWY-CRM (n = 83) and MenACWY-D (n = 77) recipients were administered a MenACWY-CRM booster DOSE 3 years postprimary vaccination
- Immunogenicity prior to and after the booster DOSE of MenACWY-CRM was measured by serum bactericidal assay with human complement (hSBA)
- Local and systemic reactions and adverse events were monitored in subjects receiving the booster DOSE
- A MenACWY-CRM booster DOSE resulted in 99%-100% of subjects demonstrating hSBA titers ≥8 against all serogroups, irrespective of primary vaccination (MenACWY-CRM, n = 83; MenACWY-D, n = 77)
- The booster DOSE was well tolerated without significant adverse events
966. Relative efficacy of AS03-adjuvanted pandemic influenza A(H1N1) vaccine in children: results of a controlled, randomized efficacy trial.
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- The vaccine efficacy (VE) of 1 or 2 DOSEs of AS03-adjuvanted influenza A(H1N1) vaccine relative to that of 2 DOSEs of nonadjuvanted influenza A(H1N1) vaccine in children 6 months to <10 years of age in a multinational study conducted during 2010-2011
- A total of 6145 children were randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1:1 to receive 2 injections 21 days apart of A/California/7/2009(H1N1)-AS03 vaccine at DOSE 1 and saline placebo at DOSE 2, 2 DOSEs 21 days apart of A/California/7/2009(H1N1)-AS03 vaccine (the Ad2 group), or 2 DOSEs 21 days apart of nonadjuvanted A/California/7/2009(H1N1) vaccine (the NAd2 group)
967. Prevention of HPV-related cancers in Norway: cost-effectiveness of expanding the HPV vaccination program to include pre-adolescent boys.
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- For example, assuming 71% coverage, high vaccine efficacy and a reasonable vaccine tender price of $75 per DOSE, we found vaccinating both girls and boys fell below a commonly cited cost-effectiveness threshold in Norway ($83,000/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained) when including vaccine benefit for all HPV-related diseases
- However, at the current market price, including boys would not be considered 'good value for money.' For settings with a lower cost-effectiveness threshold ($30,000/QALY), it would not be considered cost-effective to expand the current program to include boys, unless the vaccine price was less than $36/DOSE
968. Fate of systemically administered cocaine in nonhuman primates treated with the dAd5GNE anticocaine vaccine.
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- The distribution of systemically administered cocaine at a weight-adjusted typical human DOSE was evaluated along with cocaine metabolites in both dAd5GNE-vaccinated and control nonhuman primates
969. Characterization of reverse genetics-derived cold-adapted master donor virus A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) and reassortants with H5N1 surface genes in a mouse model.
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- These animals remained healthy after challenge inoculation with a lethal DOSE with homologous or heterologous wt H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses
970. Pooled analysis of large and long-term safety data from the human papillomavirus-16/18-AS04-adjuvanted vaccine clinical trial programme.
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- Unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were reported for 30 days after each DOSE
- Incidences of unsolicited AEs reported within 30 days after any DOSE were similar between HPV and Control groups (30.8%/29.7%)
- Analysis of safety data arising from 57 580 subjects and 96 704 HPV-16/18-vaccine DOSEs shows that the incidences and distribution of AEs were similar among HPV-16/18-vaccine recipients and controls
971. Effect of nano-zinc oxide on doxorubicin- induced oxidative stress and sperm disorders in adult male Wistar rats.
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- At the DOSE designed in the present investigation cytoprotective role of nano-zinc oxide through its antioxidant potential is illuminated in DOX-induced male gonadotoxicity.
972. Weight-based policy of hepatitis B vaccination in very low birth weight infants in Taiwan: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
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- The current recommendation of giving the first DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine to very low birth weight (VLBW) infants at 30 days of chronologic age usually is not practical, because most VLBW infants are not medically stable at that age
- All of the infants were born between 1995 and 2006, and received their first DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine when they reached 2,000-2,200 g, irrespective of chronological age
973. Liposome encapsulation of ciprofloxacin improves protection against highly virulent Francisella tularensis strain Schu S4.
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- tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS), where a single DOSE of either formulation offered full protection against a lethal challenge
- In addition, using this infection model, it was possible to discriminate the efficacy of intranasally instilled CFI from that of aerosolized CFI, with aerosolized CFI providing full protection after just a single DOSE
974. Immunogenicity and effectiveness of routine immunization with 1 or 2 doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine: systematic review and meta-analysis.
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- The World Health Organization has recommended that all 124 countries currently using only oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) introduce at least 1 DOSE of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) before the global withdrawal of serotype 2 OPV in 2016
- A 1- or 2-DOSE schedule, potentially administered intradermally with reduced antigen content, may make this affordable
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies documenting seroconversion after 1 or 2, full or fractional (1/5) DOSEs of enhanced-potency IPV was performed
- One full DOSE of intramuscular IPV seroconverted 33%, 41%, and 47% of infants against serotypes 1, 2, and 3 on average, whereas 2 full DOSEs seroconverted 79%, 80%, and 90%, respectively
- One fractional DOSE of intradermal IPV gave lower seroconversion (10%-40%), but after 2 DOSEs seroconversion was comparable to that with full-DOSE IPV
- Routine immunization with 2 full or fractional DOSEs of IPV given after 10 weeks of age is likely to protect >80% of recipients against poliomyelitis if poliovirus reemerges after withdrawal of OPV serotypes.
975. Single-dose live-attenuated Nipah virus vaccines confer complete protection by eliciting antibodies directed against surface glycoproteins.
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- The objective of this study was to develop a fast-acting, single-DOSE NiV vaccine that could be implemented in a ring vaccination approach during outbreaks
- Vaccination of Syrian hamsters with a single DOSE of the rVSV vaccine vectors resulted in strong humoral immune responses with neutralizing activities found only in those animals vaccinated with rVSV expressing NiV G or F proteins
976. Efficacy of different pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedules against pneumonia, hospitalisation, and mortality: re-analysis of a randomised trial in the Gambia.
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- Infants aged 6-51 weeks were allocated to three DOSEs of nine-valent PCV (n=8718) or placebo (n=8719) and followed until age 30 months
- We categorised participants to compare: (a) a first DOSE at age 6 or 10 weeks, (b) intervals of 1 or 2 months between DOSEs, and (c) different intervals between second and third DOSEs
- Using the placebo group as the reference population, Poisson regression models were used with follow-up after the first DOSE to estimate the efficacy of each schedule and from age 6 weeks to estimate the incidence rate difference between schedules
- Predicted efficacy in the groups aged 6 weeks (n=2467, 154 events) or 10 weeks (n=2420, 106 events) at first DOSE against radiologic pneumonia were 32% (95% CI 19-43%) and 33% (95% CI 21-44%), against hospitalisation 14% (95% CI 3-23%) and 17% (95% CI 7-26%), and against mortality 17% (95% CI -3 to 33%) and 16% (95% CI -3 to 32%) respectively
- Predicted efficacy in the groups with intervals of 1 month (n=2701, 133 events) or 2 months (n=1351, 58 events) between DOSEs against radiologic pneumonia were 33% (95% CI 20-44%) and 36% (95% CI 24-46%), against hospitalisation 15% (95% CI 5-24%) and 18% (95% CI 8-27%), and against mortality 17% (95% CI -2 to 33%) and 13% (95% CI -8 to 29%) respectively
- Efficacy did not differ by interval between second and third DOSEs, nor did the incidence rate difference between schedules
- We found no evidence that efficacy or effectiveness of PCV9 differed when DOSEs were given with modest variability around the scheduled ages or intervals between DOSEs.
977. Efficacy of a monovalent human-bovine (116E) rotavirus vaccine in Indian infants: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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- Infants aged 6-7 weeks were randomly assigned (2:1), via a central interactive voice or web response system with a block size of 12, to receive either three DOSEs of oral human-bovine natural reassortant vaccine (116E) or placebo at ages 6-7 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks
- We recorded six cases of intussusception in the vaccine group and two in the placebo group, all of which happened after the third DOSE
978. Efficacy of double dose recombinant hepatitis B vaccination in chronic hepatitis C patients, compared to standard dose vaccination.
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- The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of double DOSE vaccination of HBV in these patients, compared with standard DOSE vaccination in similar patients and healthy adults
- Group A received standard DOSE HBV vaccine, at 0, 1, 6 months, whereas group B received double DOSE HBV vaccine
- Group C consisted of 32 healthy adults who also received standard DOSE vaccination
- The efficacy of standard DOSE HBV vaccination in patients with chronic HCV infection was suboptimal
- Using double DOSE vaccination in these patients was an effective way to increase the antibody response.
979. Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults.
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- On this basis, vaccination shows very limited effects: NNV 92 (95% CI 63 to 201) against ILI in pregnant women and NNV 27 (95% CI 18 to 185) against laboratory-confirmed influenza in newborns from vaccinated women.Live aerosol vaccines have an overall effectiveness corresponding to a NNV 46 (95% CI 29 to 115).The performance of one-DOSE or two-DOSE whole virion pandemic vaccines was higher, showing a NNV of 16 (95% CI 14 to 20) against ILI and a NNV of 35 (95% CI 33 to 47) against influenza, while a limited impact on hospitalisation was found (NNV 94, 95% CI 70 to 1022).Vaccination had a modest effect on time off work and had no effect on hospital admissions or complication rates
980. Clinical, virological, immunological and pathological evaluation of four porcine circovirus type 2 vaccines.
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- The objective of this study was to rigorously compare the efficacy of four porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccines of varying antigen type and DOSE under experimental conditions based on well-defined clinical (average daily weight gain [ADWG]), virological (evidence of viraemia), immunological (presence of PCV2-specific neutralising antibodies [NA], interferon-γ-secreting cells [IFN-γ-SCs], and CD3(+) and CD4(+) T cell subsets), and pathological (lymphoid lesion and PCV2 antigen score) criteria
- A total of 60, 3-week old piglets were assigned to six groups of 10/group and were vaccinated either with 1/4 commercially available one-DOSE vaccines or were not vaccinated
981. [Construction of Brucella abortus A19-delta VirB12 mutant and evaluation of its protective efficacy against 2308 strain challenge in BALB/c mice].
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- BALB/c mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally at a DOSE of 5.0 x 10(4) CFU
982. A phase I study of combination vaccine treatment of five therapeutic epitope-peptides for metastatic colorectal cancer; safety, immunological response, and clinical outcome.
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- DOSE-dependent induction of peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes was observed
983. HPV vaccines to prevent cervical cancer and genital warts: an update.
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- to adolescent girls between 9 and 13 years of age in a three-DOSE schedule
- Research is on-going to evaluate the efficacy of the current vaccines in a two-DOSE schedule, as compared to the recommended three-DOSE schedule
984. The role of ethnicity and travel on Hepatitis A vaccination coverage and disease incidence in Arizona at the United States-Mexico Border.
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- Compared with the rest of Arizona, one-DOSE coverage in children<15 years was lower in the border region until 2008
- Second DOSE coverage was lower in the border region, particularly among Spanish speakers
985. Parainfluenza virus lower respiratory tract disease after hematopoietic cell transplant: viral detection in the lung predicts outcome.
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- Among proven/probable cases, oxygen requirement at diagnosis, low monocyte counts, and high-DOSE steroid use (>2 mg/kg/day) were associated with high mortality in multivariable analysis
986. Impact of requiring influenza vaccination for children in licensed child care or preschool programs--Connecticut, 2012-13 influenza season.
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- state (after New Jersey) to implement regulations requiring that all children aged 6-59 months receive at least 1 DOSE of influenza vaccine each year to attend a licensed child care program
987. Development of an Aotus nancymaae model for Shigella Vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy studies.
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- A series of experiments were designed to identify the DOSE of Shigella flexneri 2a strain 2457T that induces an attack rate of 75% in the Aotus monkey
- After primary challenge, the DOSE required to induce an attack rate of 75% was calculated to be 1 × 10(11) CFU
988. Toll-like receptor agonist augments virus-like particle-mediated protection from Ebola virus with transient immune activation.
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- We show that at DOSE levels as low as 100 ng, the adjuvant increased the efficacy of the vaccine in mice
- However, this activation resolved within 24 to 72 hours at efficacious adjuvant DOSE levels
- These studies are the first to examine the polyICLC-induced enhancement of antigen-specific immune responses in the context of non-specific immune activation, and they provide a framework from which to consider adjuvant DOSE levels.
989. Vaccine responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with certolizumab pegol: results from a single-blind randomized phase IV trial.
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- In this 6-week, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial with optional 6-month open-label extension (NCT00993668), patients were stratified by concomitant methotrexate (MTX) use and randomized to receive CZP 400 mg (loading DOSE; according to CZP label) or placebo at weeks 0, 2, and 4
990. The assembly conformation of rotavirus VP6 determines its protective efficacy against rotavirus challenge in mice.
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- While immunization with one DOSE of nanotubes was sufficient to reduce viral shedding by 70%, two DOSEs of dlRLP or trimers were required to obtain a similar protection
991. Effect of dose and route of immunisation on the immune response induced in cattle by heterologous Bacille Calmette-Guerin priming and recombinant adenoviral vector boosting.
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- This work examines the immunogenicity of a new vectored vaccine (Ad5-TBF) that expresses Ag85A, Rv0287, Rv0288 and Rv0251c to explore the effects of DOSE of adenoviral boost and route of inoculation on immunogenicity
992. Development of an adenovirus-based respiratory syncytial virus vaccine: preclinical evaluation of efficacy, immunogenicity, and enhanced disease in a cotton rat model.
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- Neutralizing antibody responses following immunization with a single DOSE of Ad5.RSV-F at 1 × 10(11) viral particles (v.p.) elicited antibody titers 64- to 256-fold greater than those seen after natural infection
- DOSE also had significant increases in neutralizing antibody titers
993. Heat shock protein 70 enhances mucosal immunity against human norovirus when coexpressed from a vesicular stomatitis virus vector.
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- At the inoculation DOSE of 1.0 × 10(6) PFU, rVSV-HSP70-VP1 triggered significantly higher vaginal IgA than rVSV-VP1 and significantly higher fecal and vaginal IgA responses than rVSV-Luc-VP1, although serum IgG and T cell responses were similar
- At the inoculation DOSE of 5.0 × 10(6) PFU, rVSV-HSP70-VP1 stimulated significantly higher T cell, fecal, and vaginal IgA responses than rVSV-VP1
994. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of an enterovirus 71 vaccine in China.
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- We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial in which 10,007 healthy infants and young children (6 to 35 months of age) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive two intramuscular DOSEs of either EV71 vaccine or placebo, 28 days apart
- In the immunogenicity subgroup (1291 children), an anti-EV71 immune response was elicited by the two-DOSE vaccine series in 98.8% of participants at day 56
995. Live vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella and the risk of hospital admissions for nontargeted infections.
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- For the 456,043 children who followed the recommended schedule and received MMR after the third DOSE of DTaP-IPV-Hib, MMR (rate, 8.9 per 100 person-years) vs the third DOSE of DTaP-IPV-Hib (rate, 12.4 per 100 person-years) as the most recent vaccine was associated with an adjusted IRR of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.84-0.88) for any admission for infection
- The adjusted IRR was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80-0.95) for those receiving MMR (rate, 9.9 per 100 person-years) after the second DOSE of DTaP-IPV-Hib (rate, 15.1 per 100 person-years)
- However, in the 1981 children who subsequently received the third DOSE of DTaP-IPV-Hib (rate, 12.8 per 100 person-years) after MMR, the IRR for hospital admissions for infection was significantly greater (adjusted IRR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.28-2.05])
996. Delayed bactericidal response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to bedaquiline involves remodelling of bacterial metabolism.
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997. The Safety and Immunogenicity of Rotavirus Vaccination in Infants With Intestinal Failure.
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- Safety assessments were performed for the first 5 days after each vaccine DOSE
- Viral stool shedding and serum rotavirus antigen were measured at multiple time points after each DOSE of the vaccine
998. The effect of Haemophilus influenzae type B and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on childhood meningitis mortality: a systematic review.
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- Our objective was to estimate the DOSE-specific effect of Hib and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) on childhood meningitis mortality in low-income countries for use in the Lives Saved Tool (LiST)
- For outcomes available across multiple studies (≥ 2) and approximating meningitis mortality, we pooled estimates reporting DOSE-specific effects using random effects meta-analytic methods, then combined these with meningitis etiology data to determine the preventable fraction of childhood meningitis mortality for inclusion in LiST
- We identified 18 studies of Hib conjugate vaccines reporting relevant meningitis morbidity and mortality outcomes (2 randomized controlled trials [RCTs], 16 observational studies) but few provided DOSE-specific effects
- A meta-analysis of four case-control studies examined the DOSE-specific effect of Hib conjugate vaccines on Hib meningitis morbidity (1 DOSE: RR=0.64, 95% CI 0.38-1.06; 2 DOSEs: RR=0.09, 95% CI 0.03-0.27; 3 DOSEs: RR=0.06, 95% CI 0.02-0.22), consistent with results from single RCTs
- Pooled estimates of two RCTs provided evidence for the effect of three DOSEs of PCV on vaccine-serotype meningitis morbidity (RR=0.16, 95% CI 0.02-1.20)
- We considered these outcomes of severe disease as proxy estimates for meningitis mortality and combined the estimates of protective effects with meningitis etiology data to provide an estimate of the preventable fraction of childhood meningitis mortality with three DOSEs of Hib (38-43%) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (28-35%) for use in LiST
- Few RCTs or vaccine effectiveness studies evaluated the DOSE-specific impact of Hib and PCV vaccines on childhood meningitis mortality, necessitating use of proxy measures to estimate population impact in LiST
999. Hepatitis B vaccine response among infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen-positive women.
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- Vaccine non-responders were defined as infants with antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) <10mIU/mL at PVST after receiving ≥3 vaccine DOSEs
- A total of 17,951 maternal-infant pairs were enrolled; 8654 HBsAg-negative infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers received ≥3 DOSEs of vaccine with anti-HBs results
- Factors associated with anti-HBs <10mIU/mL included gestational age <37 weeks, vaccine birth DOSE >12h after birth, timing of final vaccine DOSE <6 months after birth, receipt of 3 vs
- 4 vaccine DOSEs, and PVST interval >6 months from final vaccine DOSE in bivariate analysis
- PVST interval >6 months from final vaccine DOSE (OR=2.7, CI=2.0, 3.6) was significantly associated with anti-HBs <10mIU/mL; the proportion increased from 2% at 1-2 months to 21.6% at 15-16 months after the final DOSE
- Receipt of a 4th DOSE improved the response rate (OR=0.5, CI=0.3, 0.8)
- The proportion of infants with anti-HBs <10mIU/mL increased with longer interval between the final vaccine DOSE and PVST
- Optimal timing of PVST is within 1-2 months of final vaccine DOSE to avoid unnecessary revaccination.
1000. Local discrepancies in measles vaccination opportunities: results of population-based surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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- The World Health Organization recommends African children receive two DOSEs of measles containing vaccine (MCV) through routine programs or supplemental immunization activities (SIA)
- Here, we present the results of MCV coverage by DOSE estimated through surveys conducted after outbreak response in diverse settings in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Conversely, in Malawi and DRC, over half of the children eligible for the last SIA received a third DOSE of MCV
- Although children receiving a DOSE of MCV through outbreak response benefit from the intervention, ensuring that programs effectively target hard to reach children remains the cornerstone of measles control.
1001. Development of Yersinia pestis F1 antigen-loaded microspheres vaccine against plague.
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- The 100 times median lethal DOSE 50% (LD50) of Y
- pestis Yokohama-R strain by intraperitoneal injection challenge in mice test, in which mice received one DOSE of 40 μg F1 antigen content of PLGA/PEG microspheres, F1 antigen in Al(OH)3, and in comparison with F1 antigen in Al(OH)3 vaccine in two DOSEs, was evaluated after given by subcutaneous immunization of BALB/c mice
- The study results show that the greatest survival was observed in the group of mice immunized with one DOSE of F1 antigen-loaded PLGA/PEG microspheres, and two DOSEs of F1 antigen in Al(OH)3 vaccine (100%)
1002. Fate of Systemically Administered Cocaine in Nonhuman Primates Treated with the dAd5GNE Anti-cocaine Vaccine.
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- The distribution of systemically administered cocaine at a weight-adjusted typical human DOSE was evaluated along with cocaine metabolites in both dAd5GNE-vaccinated and control nonhuman primates
1003. Epigenetic potentiation of NY-ESO-1 vaccine therapy in human ovarian cancer.
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- Based on these observations, we performed a phase I DOSE-escalation trial of decitabine, as an addition to NY-ESO-1 vaccine and doxorubicin liposome (doxorubicin) chemotherapy, in 12 patients with relapsed EOC
1004. Differences in aerosolization of Rift Valley fever virus resulting from choice of inhalation exposure chamber: implications for animal challenge studies.
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- SF indicates the efficiency of the aerosolization process; a higher SF means a lower nebulizer concentration is needed to achieve a desired inhaled DOSE
- All of these factors (relative humidity, chamber, duration, and minute volume) impact the ability to reliably and reproducibly deliver a specific DOSE of aerosolized RVFV
1005. Host genetic resistance to Marek's disease sustains protective efficacy of herpesvirus of turkey in both experimental and commercial lines of chickens.
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- At a 2000PFU uniform DOSE, HVT and CVI988/Rispens again conveyed comparable protection for the MD resistant experimental line of chickens
1006. A phase 1 clinical trial of long-term, low-dose treatment of WHIM syndrome with the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor.
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- The CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor, which is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for stem cell mobilization in cancer and administered for that indication at 0.24 mg/kg, has been shown in short-term (1- to 2-week) phase 1 DOSE-escalation studies to correct neutropenia and other cytopenias in WHIM syndrome
- Here we report results from the first long-term clinical trial of plerixafor in any disease, in which 3 adults with WHIM syndrome self-injected 0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg (4% to 8% of the FDA-approved DOSE) subcutaneously twice daily for 6 months
- These results provide preliminary evidence for the safety and clinical efficacy of long-term, low-DOSE plerixafor in WHIM syndrome and support its continued study as mechanism-based therapy in this disease
1007. Toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod in combination with influenza vaccine expedites and augments humoral immune responses against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection in BALB/c mice.
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- BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with monovalent A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine combined with imiquimod (VCI) prior to intranasal inoculation with a lethal DOSE of mouse-adapted A(H1N1)pdm09 virus
1008. Hemodialysis and hepatitis B vaccination: a challenge to physicians.
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- The medical literature recommends vaccination with four DOSEs (40 mg each) of the hepatitis B virus vaccine before beginning hemodialysis; however, approximately one-third of hemodialysis patients do not respond to this vaccination schedule
- A new serologic test should be performed each year for individuals who respond adequately, whereas a booster DOSE should be offered to those with antibody titers below 10 mIU/mL
1009. Phase I trial of a bivalent gangliosides vaccine in combination with β-glucan for high-risk neuroblastoma in second or later remission.
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- To report on a phase I trial designed to find the maximally tolerated DOSE in children of the immunologic adjuvant OPT-821 in a vaccine containing neuroblastoma-associated antigens (GD2 and GD3; Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00911560)
- Vaccine contained 30 μg each of GD2 and GD3 stabilized as lactones and conjugated to the immunologic carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin; and OPT-821, which was DOSE escalated as 50, 75, 100, and 150 μg/m(2) per injection
- The study was completed with 15 patients because there was no DOSE-limiting toxicity at 150 μg/m(2) of OPT-821 (the dosing used in adults)
1010. Lung deposition and cellular uptake behavior of pathogen-mimicking nanovaccines in the first 48 hours.
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- The prolonged F1-V presence in the lung in concert with the mild inflammatory response provided by the nanovaccine provides new insights into the development of protective immune responses with a single intranasal DOSE.
1011. Influence of Bacille Calmette-Guérin on tuberculin skin testing in Venezuelan Amerindians in high tuberculosis burden areas.
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1012. Injection route and TLR9 agonist addition significantly impact heroin vaccine efficacy.
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- To thoroughly assess vaccine efficacy, full DOSE-response curves were generated for heroin-induced analgesia in both hot plate and tail immersion tests
- Mice treated with CpG ODN 1826 exhibited greatly shifted DOSE-response curves (10-13-fold vs unvaccinated controls) while non-CpG ODN vaccine groups did not exhibit the same robust effect (2-7-fold shift for ip and combo, 2-3-fold shift for sc)
- Lastly, this study has established a new standard for assessing drugs of abuse vaccines, wherein a full DOSE-response curve should be performed in an appropriate behavioral task.
1013. Mass vaccination with a new, less expensive oral cholera vaccine using public health infrastructure in India: the Odisha model.
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- All healthy, non-pregnant residents aged 1 year and above residing in selected villages of the Satyabadi block (Puri district, Odisha, India) were invited to participate in a mass vaccination campaign using two DOSEs of OCV
- Vaccine coverage for each DOSE was ascertained as a percentage of the censused population
- In each phase, two vaccine DOSEs were given 14 days apart
- For the censused population, 31,552 persons (61% of the target population) received the first DOSE and 23,751 (46%) of these completed their second DOSE, with a drop-out rate of 25% between the two DOSEs
- Vaccine cost at market price (about US$1.85/DOSE) was the costliest item
- The vaccine delivery cost was $0.49 per DOSE or $1.13 per fully vaccinated person
1014. Nonhuman primate models for HIV/AIDS vaccine development.
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- These include the species and subspecies of macaques, virus strain, DOSE and route of administration, and macaque genetics, including the major histocompatibility complex molecules that affect immune responses, and other virus restriction factors
1015. Association of the use of MMRV in infants by pediatric infectious disease specialists with that of other affiliated providers.
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- In an effort to maximize vaccine acceptance by minimizing adverse events following immunization associated with fever, including seizures, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended in 2009 the use of measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR) and varicella vaccines (V) given separately (MMR+V) rather than combination MMRV as the first DOSE of MMR-containing vaccine to infants
- We evaluated factors associated with continued administration of MMRV as the first DOSE in many infants despite the ACIP recommendation
- Altogether, 30,017 children received the first DOSE of MMRV or MMR+V at 12 to 23 months of age between May 1, 2010 and April 30, 2011
- Further study of the drivers behind the use of MMRV rather than MMR+V as the first DOSE of measles-containing vaccine is needed to determine if reinforcement or if clarification of ACIP recommendations is needed to elucidate when MMRV might be preferred over MMR+V.
1016. Protection of non-human primates against rabies with an adenovirus recombinant vaccine.
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- A single intramuscular immunization with a moderate DOSE of an experimental chimpanzee adenovirus (Ad) vector serotype SAd-V24, also termed AdC68, expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein, resulted in sustained titers of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and protection against a lethal rabies virus challenge infection in a non-human primate model
1017. Heterosubtypic protective immunity against widely divergent influenza subtypes induced by fusion protein 4sM2 in BALB/c mice.
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- Two weeks after the last immunization, first humoral and cell mediated immune response specific to sM2 protein were evaluated and the mice were challenged with a lethal DOSE (10MLD₅₀) of divergent subtypes A/EM/Korea/W149/06(H5N1), A/PR/8/34(H1N1), A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W81/2005(H5N2), A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W44/2005(H7N3), and A/Chicken/Korea/116/2004(H9N2) viruses
1018. Conclusions about the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine efficacy based on alternate dosing schedules and less than three dose immunogenicity is inappropriate.
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1019. Combining low-dose or metronomic chemotherapy with anticancer vaccines: A therapeutic opportunity for lymphomas.
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- In particular, low-DOSE or metronomic chemotherapy could be coupled to anticancer vaccines to improve the efficacy of this immunotherapeutic interventions
- This review summarizes recent findings in support of the use of anticancer vaccines combined with low-DOSE or metronomic chemotherapy for the treatment and management of lymphoid malignancies.
1020. Long-term single-dose efficacy of a vesicular stomatitis virus-based Andes virus vaccine in Syrian hamsters.
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- Herein, we sought to test the durability of the immune response to a single DOSE of this vaccine in Syrian hamsters
1021. Risk perceptions and subsequent sexual behaviors after HPV vaccination in adolescents.
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- The aim of this study was to assess whether adolescent risk perceptions after the first vaccine DOSE predicted subsequent sexual behaviors
1022. Immunologic response to the survivin-derived multi-epitope vaccine EMD640744 in patients with advanced solid tumors.
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- The primary objective was to compare immunologic efficacy of EMD640744 at DOSEs of 30, 100, and 300 μg
- No DOSE-dependent effects were observed
1023. Favipiravir (T-705) protects against peracute Rift Valley fever virus infection and reduces delayed-onset neurologic disease observed with ribavirin treatment.
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1024. Development and efficacy of feed-based recombinant vaccine encoding the cell wall surface anchor family protein of Streptococcus agalactiae against streptococcosis in Oreochromis sp.
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- Therefore, the study revealed that the feed-based recombinant vaccine significantly provides high protection against high DOSE challenge in heat stress environment and enhances the production of the mucosal and humoral immunity.
1025. Protection against varicella with two doses of combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine versus one dose of monovalent varicella vaccine: a multicentre, observer-blind, randomised, controlled trial.
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- We assessed protection against varicella in naive children administered one DOSE of varicella vaccine or two DOSEs of MMRV
- Healthy children aged 12-22 months were randomised (3:3:1 ratio, by computer-generated randomisation list, with block size seven) to receive 42 days apart (1) two DOSEs of MMRV (MMRV group), or (2) MMR at DOSE one and monovalent varicella vaccine at DOSE two (MMR+V group), or (3) two DOSEs of MMR (MMR group; control)
- The primary efficacy endpoint was occurrence of confirmed varicella (by detection of varicella zoster virus DNA or epidemiological link) from 42 days after the second vaccine DOSE to the end of the first phase of the trial
- Safety analyses included all participants who received at least one vaccine DOSE
- Efficacy of two-DOSE MMRV against all varicella was 94·9% (97·5% CI 92·4-96·6), and against moderate to severe varicella was 99·5% (97·5-99·9)
- Efficacy of one-DOSE varicella vaccine against all varicella was 65·4% (57·2-72·1), and against moderate to severe varicella (post hoc) was 90·7% (85·9-93·9)
- Within 15 days after DOSE one, 57·4% (95% CI 53·9-60·9) of participants in the MMRV group reported fever of 38°C or more, by contrast with 44·5% (41·0-48·1) with MMR+V, and 39·8% (33·8-46·1) with MMR
- These results support the implementation of two-DOSE varicella vaccination on a short course, to ensure optimum protection from all forms of varicella disease
1026. New directions in nicotine vaccine design and use.
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- Passive transfer of nicotine-specific monoclonal antibodies offers a greater control of antibody DOSE, the ability to give very high DOSEs, and an immediate onset of action but is expensive and has a shorter duration of action than vaccines
1027. Prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: antimicrobial and nonantimicrobial strategies.
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- Low-DOSE daily or postcoital antimicrobial prophylaxis is effective for prevention of recurrent UTIs and women can self-diagnose and self-treat a new UTI with antibiotics
1028. Results of a randomized phase I gene therapy clinical trial of nononcolytic fowlpox viruses encoding T cell costimulatory molecules.
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- Twelve patients (10 with melanoma and 2 with colon adenocarcinoma) enrolled in the trial and were randomized to rF-B7.1 or rF-TRICOM administered in a DOSE escalation manner (~3.7×10(7) or ~3.7×10(8) plaque-forming units) by intralesional injection every 4 weeks
1029. Inhibition of dengue and chikungunya virus infections by RIG-I-mediated type I interferon-independent stimulation of the innate antiviral response.
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- We demonstrate that when a low, noncytotoxic DOSE of an optimized 5'triphosphorylated RNA (5'pppRNA) molecule was administered, RIG-I stimulation generated a robust antiviral response against these two viruses
1030. Cellular immunotherapy using irradiated lung cancer cell vaccine co-expressing GM-CSF and IL-18 can induce significant antitumor effects.
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- The Lewis lung cancer LL/2 was transfected with co-expressing mouse GM-CSF and IL-18 plasmid by cationic liposome, then irradiated with a sublethal DOSE X ray (100 Gy) to prepare vaccines
1031. Whole Pichia pastoris yeast expressing measles virus nucleoprotein as a production and delivery system to multimerize Plasmodium antigens.
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- pastoris expressing N-PbCS RNPs provided significant reduction of parasitemia after intradermal challenge with a high DOSE of parasites
1032. Rotavirus vaccination: a risk factor for intussusception?
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- No excess of IS cases could be detected 1-7 days after receipt of either RV vaccine after any DOSE in the first year of life; however, in infants aged 3-5 months, a significantly increased SMR for IS was found in a risk window of 1-7 days after the first DOSE of either RV vaccine [SMRs: Rotarix® 4.6 (95% CI 1.5-10.7); RotaTeq® 5.8 (95% CI 1.2-17.1)]
- A significantly increased risk of IS in a risk window of 1-7 days after RV vaccination was not found when the first DOSE was administered earlier
1033. An Attenuated CMV Vaccine with a Deletion in Tegument Protein GP83 (pp65 Homolog) Protects against Placental Infection and Improves Pregnancy Outcome in a Guinea Pig Challenge Model.
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- Outbred Hartley guinea pigs were vaccinated prior to pregnancy with a two-DOSE series of 5×10(4) pfu of vAM409, a GP83 deletion virus
1034. Evaluation of the thermal stability of a novel strain of live-attenuated mumps vaccine (RS-12 strain) lyophilized in different stabilizers.
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- Even under the harshest storage conditions of 37°C for 1 week, the 50% cell culture infective DOSE (CCID50) determined from titrations in Vero cells dropped by less than 10-fold using each stabilizer formulation and thus complied with the World Health Organization's requirements for the potency of live-attenuated mumps vaccines
1035. Vaccination with Leishmania mexicana LPG induces PD-1 in CD8⁺ and PD-L2 in macrophages thereby suppressing the immune response: a model to assess vaccine efficacy.
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- Since unsuccessful protection could be related to suppressed T cell responses, we analyzed the expression of inhibitory receptor PD-1 in CD8(+) and CD4(+) lymphocytes and it is ligand PD-L2 in macrophages of BALB/c mice immunized with various DOSEs of Leishmania mexicana LPG and re-stimulated in vitro with different concentrations of LPG
- In vitro re-stimulation enhanced PD-L2 expression in macrophages of healthy mice in a DOSE-dependent fashion
- When these CD8(+) cells were re-stimulated in vitro with LPG, simulating a second exposure to parasite antigens, PD-1 expression increased significantly more, in a DOSE dependent fashion
- We propose that the analysis of PD-1 and PD-L2 are useful tools to monitor the optimal DOSE for vaccination candidates.
1036. Evaluation of protective efficacy of the synthetic peptide vaccine containing the T-helper 1 epitope with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide against feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in cats.
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- However, immune tolerance was suggested to be induced by the high DOSE and frequency of NP7 and NP8 with fCpG-ODNs
- Further investigations on the combination and concentrations of the peptides and fCpG-ODNs, DOSE, frequency and route of administration are needed.
1037. A four-marker signature of TNF-RII, TGF-α, TIMP-1 and CRP is prognostic of worse survival in high-risk surgically resected melanoma.
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- E1694 tested GM2-KLH-QS21 vaccine versus high-DOSE interferon-α2b (HDI) as adjuvant therapy for operable stage IIB-III melanoma
1038. A neonatal oral Mycobacterium tuberculosis-SIV prime / intramuscular MVA-SIV boost combination vaccine induces both SIV and Mtb-specific immune responses in infant macaques.
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- A single oral DOSE of the attenuated Mtb-SIV vaccine strain mc(2)6435 during the first week of life was sufficient to induce persistent TB-specific immune responses
1039. Durability of response to vaccination against viral hepatitis A in HIV-infected patients: a 5-year observation.
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- Good response (anti-HAV-T >20 IU/L one month after the booster DOSE) was obtained in 79.5% of patients
1040. Budget constraint and vaccine dosing: a mathematical modelling exercise.
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- Increasing the number of vaccine DOSEs may potentially improve overall efficacy
- Decision-makers need information about choosing the most efficient DOSE schedule to maximise the total health gain of a population when operating under a constrained budget
- The model allows variation in vaccination dosing numbers, in cost difference per DOSE, in vaccine coverage rate, and in vaccine efficacy
- With a fixed budget, a 2-DOSE schedule for vaccination against rotavirus infection with the monovalent vaccine results in a larger reduction in disease episodes than a 3-DOSE scheme with the same vaccine under most circumstances
- A 3-DOSE schedule would only be better under certain conditions: a cost reduction of >26% per DOSE, combined with vaccine efficacy improvement of ≥5% and a target coverage rate of 75%
- Substantial interaction is observed between cost reduction per DOSE, vaccine coverage rate, and increased vaccine efficacy
- Sensitivity analysis shows that the conditions required for a 3-DOSE strategy to be better than a 2-DOSE strategy may seldom occur when the budget is fixed
- The model does not consider vaccine herd effect, precise timing for additional DOSEs, or the effect of natural immunity development
1041. Passive immunization of macaques with polyclonal anti-SHIV IgG against a heterologous tier 2 SHIV: outcome depends on IgG dose.
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- Although SHIVIG neutralized SHIV-2873Nip in vitro, this polyclonal IgG preparation failed to prevent acquisition after repeated intrarectal low-DOSE virus challenges, but at a DOSE of 400 mg/kg, it significantly lowered peak viremia (P = 0.001)
- Unexpectedly, single-genome analysis revealed a higher number of transmitted variants at the low DOSE of 25 mg/kg, implying increased acquisition at low SHIVIG levels
1042. Immunocontraception of captive exotic species: V. Prolonged antibody titers in Dall sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) and domestic goats (Capra hircus) immunized with porcine zona pellucida.
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- This study examined anti-PZP antibody titers in Dall sheep and domestic goats at the Milwaukee County Zoo, and also Himalayan tahr and Armenian Mouflon sheep at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, and, for comparison, Altai wapiti, lowland wisent, Javan banteng, and southern pudu at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, all were given a primer DOSE and booster DOSE of PZP
- Of the San Diego Zoo Safari Park animals, the 4 comparison species demonstrated the typical 1-yr pattern of anti-PZP antibodies, whereas the Armenian sheep and Himalayan tahr showed prolonged (2-3 yr) antibody responses after a single primer and booster DOSE
1043. A randomized trial of a standard dose of Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine given at 4.5 months of age: effect on total hospital admissions.
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- Between 2003 and 2007, 6417 children who had received the third DOSE of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine were randomly assigned to receive measles vaccine at 4.5 months or no measles vaccine; all children were offered measles vaccine at 9 months of age
1044. Antibiotic treatment suppresses rotavirus infection and enhances specific humoral immunity.
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- Enhanced exposure to microbiota was achieved via low-DOSE dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment
1045. Microneedle patches for vaccine delivery.
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- Numerous studies have outlined the parameters of microneedle delivery of a wide range of vaccines, revealing comparable or higher immunogenicity to conventional intramuscular routes, overall level of stability, and DOSE-sparing advantages
1046. Risk of intussusception after monovalent rotavirus vaccination.
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- During the study period, 207,955 DOSEs of monovalent rotavirus vaccine (including 115,908 first DOSEs and 92,047 second DOSEs) were administered in the VSD population
- We identified 6 cases of intussusception within 7 days after the administration of either DOSE of vaccine
- For the two DOSEs combined, the expected number of intussusception cases was 0.72, resulting in a significant relative risk of 8.4
- For the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, 1,301,810 DOSEs were administered during the study period, with 8 observed intussusception cases (7.11 expected), for a nonsignificant relative risk of 1.1
- The attributable risk of intussusception after the administration of two DOSEs of monovalent rotavirus vaccine was estimated to be 5.3 per 100,000 infants vaccinated
- In this prospective postlicensure study of more than 200,000 DOSEs of monovalent rotavirus vaccine, we observed a significant increase in the rate of intussusception after vaccination, a risk that must be weighed against the benefits of preventing rotavirus-associated illness
1047. Intussusception risk after rotavirus vaccination in U.S. infants.
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- The analyses included 507,874 first DOSEs and 1,277,556 total DOSEs of RV5 and 53,638 first DOSEs and 103,098 total DOSEs of RV1
- The number of excess cases of intussusception per 100,000 recipients of the first DOSE of RV5 was significantly elevated, both in the primary analysis (attributable risk, 1.1 [95% confidence interval, 0.3 to 2.7] for the 7-day risk window and 1.5 [95% CI, 0.2 to 3.2] for the 21-day risk window) and in the secondary analysis (attributable risk, 1.2 [95% CI, 0.2 to 3.2] for the 21-day risk window)
- No significant increase in risk was seen after DOSE 2 or 3
- The results with respect to the primary analysis of RV1 were not significant, but the secondary analysis showed a significant risk after DOSE 2
- RV5 was associated with approximately 1.5 (95% CI, 0.2 to 3.2) excess cases of intussusception per 100,000 recipients of the first DOSE
1048. Comparison of two commercial vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis in dogs from endemic areas: IgG, and subclasses, parasitism, and parasite transmission by xenodiagnosis.
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- IgG levels peaked on the 21st day following the first DOSE of Leishmune(®) and on the 21st day after the second DOSE of Leish-Tec(®)
1049. A novel poxvirus-based vaccine, MVA-CHIKV, is highly immunogenic and protects mice against chikungunya infection.
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- Remarkably, a single DOSE of MVA-CHIKV protected all mice after a high-DOSE challenge with CHIKV
- Our findings revealed that MVA-CHIKV is a highly effective vaccine against chikungunya virus, with a single DOSE of the vaccine protecting all mice after a high-DOSE challenge with CHIKV
1050. Comparison of four commercial one-dose porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccines administered to pigs challenged with PCV2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus at 17 weeks postvaccination to control porcine respiratory disease complex under Korean field conditions.
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- Thus, the objective of this study was to determine and compare the efficacy of 4 one-DOSE PCV2 vaccines on 3-week-old pigs with an experimental PCV2-PRRSV challenge at 17 weeks postvaccination
1051. Virus-like particle vaccine confers protection against a lethal newcastle disease virus challenge in chickens and allows a strategy of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals.
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- Specific-pathogen-free chickens were immunized with oil emulsion NDV VLP vaccines containing increasing dosages of VLPs (0.4, 2, 10, or 50 μg of VLPs/0.5-ml DOSE)
- NDV VLP vaccines elicited anti-NDV antibodies and provided protection against a lethal challenge in a DOSE-dependent manner
1052. 25 years after Vi typhoid vaccine efficacy study, typhoid affects significant number of population in Nepal.
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- The efficacy of Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) vaccine, a new generation, single-DOSE intramuscular typhoid vaccine was assessed in Nepal in 1987
1053. Determinants of varicella breakthrough: results of a 2012 case control study.
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- This study aims to evaluate the determinants of breakthrough infection after one DOSE of varicella vaccine
- Breakthrough cases were children, aged 1-15, who presented varicella symptoms ≥ 42 days after the first DOSE of varicella vaccine (breakthrough)
- Controls were children, aged 1-15 years, who attended the same class (in a school or in a kindergarten) than the cases in the year of the breakthrough onset; they received a DOSE of varicella vaccine ≥ 42 days before the case rash onset and they did not develop varicella symptoms
1054. Timeliness of routine immunization in a population-based Italian cohort of very preterm infants: results of the ACTION follow-up project.
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- We measured the proportion of children with one DOSE of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-poliohepatitis, B-Hib vaccine (DTP-Pol-HBV-Hib), measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR), conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (Pnc), conjugate meningococcal C vaccine (MenC), and varicella vaccine (Var) by 24 months
- Eighty-seven percent of participants received the first DOSE of DTP-Pol-HBV-Hib by 6 months of age, and 66.7% had their first MMR administered by 18 months
1055. Efficacy and effectiveness of infant vaccination against chronic hepatitis B in the Gambia Hepatitis Intervention Study (1986-90) and in the nationwide immunisation program.
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- Only 28% (753/2670) could be definitively linked to their infant HBV vaccination records (255 fully vaccinated, 23 partially vaccinated [1-2 DOSEs], 475 not vaccinated)
- This protection persists past the potential onset of sexual activity, reinforcing previous GHIS findings of protection during childhood and suggesting no need for a booster DOSE
1056. A live-attenuated and an inactivated chimeric porcine circovirus (PCV)1-2 vaccine are both effective at inducing a humoral immune response and reducing PCV2 viremia and intrauterine infection in female swine of breeding age.
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- The objective of this pilot study was to determine the efficacy of inactivated (1 or 2 DOSE) and live-attenuated chimeric porcine circovirus (PCV)1-2 vaccines in sows using the PCV2-spiked semen model
- Thirty-five sows were randomly divided into 6 groups: negative and positive controls, 1 DOSE inactivated PCV1-2 vaccine challenged (1-VAC-PCV2), 2 DOSE inactivated PCV1-2 vaccine challenged (2-VAC-PCV2), 1 DOSE live-attenuated PCV1-2 vaccine unchallenged (1-LIVE-VAC), and 1 DOSE live-attenuated PCV1-2 vaccine challenged (1-LIVE-VAC-PCV2)
1057. Humanized monoclonal antibody 2C9-cIgG has enhanced efficacy for yellow fever prophylaxis and therapy in an immunocompetent animal model.
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- Intraperitoneal (ip) administration of a single DOSE of MAb 2C9-cIgG 24h prior to YFV challenge resulted in significantly improved survival rates in animals treated with 380 or 38 μg of MAb compared to untreated animals
- Treatment with the higher DOSE also resulted in significantly improved weight gain and reductions in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and virus titers in serum and liver
- Administration of a single ip DOSE of 380 μg of 2C9-cIgG as late as 72 h post-YFV challenge also resulted in significant improvement in survival rates
1058. Community-acquired pneumonia among smokers.
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- This relationship also shows a DOSE-response effect, since the risk reduces spectacularly 10 years after giving up smoking, returning to the level of non-smokers
1059. Favipiravir (T-705) inhibits Junín virus infection and reduces mortality in a guinea pig model of Argentine hemorrhagic fever.
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- Although only 20% of animals treated orally with favipiravir survived the lethal challenge DOSE, those that succumbed survived considerably longer than guinea pigs treated with placebo
- Consistent with pharmacokinetic analysis that showed greater plasma levels of favipiravir in animals DOSEd by i.p
1060. Mucosal immunization with recombinant adenovirus encoding soluble globular head of hemagglutinin protects mice against lethal influenza virus infection.
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- When challenged with lethal DOSE of homologous virus, the vaccinated mice were completely protected from the infection
1061. Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever.
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- We computed vaccine efficacy per year of follow-up and cumulative three-year efficacy, stratifying for vaccine type and DOSE
- Ty21a vaccine (oral vaccine, three DOSEs) A three-DOSE schedule of Ty21a vaccine prevents around one-third to one-half of typhoid cases in the first two years after vaccination (Year 1: 35%, 95% CI 8% to 54%; Year 2: 58%, 95% CI 40% to 71%; one trial, 20,543 participants; moderate quality evidence; data taken from a single trial conducted in Indonesia in the 1980s)
- Vi polysaccharide vaccine (injection, one DOSE) A single DOSE of Vi polysaccharide vaccine prevents around two-thirds of typhoid cases in the first year after vaccination (Year 1: 69%, 95% CI 63% to 74%; three trials, 99,979 participants; high quality evidence)
- Vi-rEPA vaccine (two DOSEs) Administration of two DOSEs of the Vi-rEPA vaccine prevents between 50% and 96% of typhoid cases during the first two years after vaccination (Year 1: 94%, 95% CI 75% to 99%; Year 2: 87%, 95% CI 56% to 96%; one trial, 12,008 participants; moderate quality evidence)
- These data are taken from a single trial with children 2 to 5 years of age conducted in Vietnam.Compared with placebo, the first and second DOSEs of this vaccine were not associated with increased risk of adverse events
- The first DOSE of this vaccine was not associated with fever (2 studies, 12,209 participants; low quality evidence), erythema (two trials, 12,209 participants; moderate quality evidence) or swelling at the injection site (two trials, 12,209 participants; moderate quality evidence)
- The second DOSE of this vaccine was not associated with fever (two trials, 11,286 participants; low quality evidence), erythema (two trials, 11,286 participants; moderate quality evidence) and swelling at the injection site (two trials, 11,286 participants; moderate quality evidence)
1062. DBA/2 mouse as an animal model for anti-influenza drug efficacy evaluation.
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- Unlike the BALB/c strain, DBA/2 mice were highly susceptible and could be killed with a relatively low titer (50% DBA/2 lethal DOSE = 10(2.83) plaque-forming units) of the A/Korea/01/2009 virus (2009 pandemic H1N1 virus)
1063. Single-dose monomeric HA subunit vaccine generates full protection from influenza challenge.
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- However, vaccines made from recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) subunit protein are often of low potency, requiring high DOSE or boosting to generate a sustained immune response
- Surprisingly, we were able to stimulate potent immunogenicity and HAI titers with a single 15 µg DOSE of HA as a TMV conjugate
- Our results show that a single DOSE of the TMV-HA conjugate vaccine is sufficient to generate 50% survival, or 100% survival with adjuvant, compared with 10% survival after vaccination with a commercially available H1N1 vaccine
- TMV-HA is an effective DOSE-sparing influenza vaccine, using a single-step process to rapidly generate large quantities of highly effective flu vaccine from an otherwise low potency HA subunit protein.
1064. Dynamic modeling of cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination, Kazakhstan.
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- Comparing the 2 key parameters of cost-effectiveness, mortality rates and vaccine cost at DOSE, vaccination program costs would be entirely offset
1065. [Preliminary analysis on the prevalence and causes of breakthrough hepatitis B virus infection among children in Shandong province, China].
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- The subjects of this study were selected from the provincial hepatitis B serosurvey conducted in 2006, who were born between 1992 and 2005 (aged 1-15 years) and were confirmed to have completed three or more DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine
- For the 3527 subjects, the overall prevalence rates of breakthrough HBV infection were 3.15% (111/3527), which decreased while birth year grew (χ(2)(Trend) = 44.83, P < 0.01) , the rate of subjects born in 1992 was the highest (9.9%, 16/161) , subjects born in 2000 was the least (0.8%, 2/258) , the rate of the self-report positive HBsAg status of mother, father and the other family members (15.22%, 7/46;34.09%, 15/44;17.65%, 6/34) were higher than the negative (2.99%, 104/3481, 2.76%, 96/3483, 3.01%, 105/3493) (χ(2) values were 22.28, 13.97, 23.68, respectively, all P values were < 0.01) , timely first DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine (5.37%, 41/763) was higher than the subjects that not in time (2.53%, 70/2764) (χ(2) = 15.596, P < 0.01)
- The overall prevalence rates of breakthrough chronic HBV infection was 1.08% (38/3527), which decreased while birth year grew (χ(2)(Trend) = 9.96, P < 0.05) , the rate of subjects born in 1992 was the most (3.1%, 5/161) , subjects born in 1997 was the least (0.4%, 1/261) , the rate of the self-report positive HBsAg status of mother, father and the other family members (13.04%, 6/46;29.55%, 13/44;17.65%, 6/34) were higher than the negative (0.92%, 32/3481;0.72%, 25/3483;0.92%, 32/3493) (χ(2) values were 62.62, 338.80, 88.44, respectively, all P values were < 0.05) , timely first DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine (1.83%, 14/763) was lower than the subjects that not in time (0.87%, 24/2764) (χ(2) = 5.16, P = 0.02)
1066. Transplacental rotavirus IgG interferes with immune response to live oral rotavirus vaccine ORV-116E in Indian infants.
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- However, the vaccine was able to overcome the inhibitory effect of this RV IgG in a DOSE-dependent manner
- This report clearly demonstrates the interference of maternal antibody on RV vaccine immunogenicity in infants in a field study as well as the ability of ORV-116E to overcome this interference when used at a higher DOSE.
1067. Haemolytic activity and adjuvant effect of soyasaponins and some of their derivatives on the immune responses to ovalbumin in mice.
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- Except for the Af and Ba groups, other soyasaponins and AbDs groups stimulated by concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed a greater proliferative response at appropriate DOSEs (0.01-10 μg/ml) compared with the control and Alum groups
- Moreover, Ab-D2 showed adjuvant activity at the lowest injection DOSE among the three AbDs
1068. Salmonid alphavirus-based replicon vaccine against infectious salmon anemia (ISA): impact of immunization route and interactions of the replicon vector.
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- This may be beneficial and could warrant reduced DOSEs and improved efficacy compared to conventional DNA vaccines
- In the present study, we found that intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the pSAV/HE replicon vaccine did not induce protection, neither alone or in combination with a sub-potent, inactivated low-DOSE ISAV vaccine given i.p
- Although the replicons without the ISAV HE did induce IFN-signaling pathways at the muscle injection site similar to the pSAV/HE replicon they did not improve the efficacy of a sub-potent inactivated low-DOSE ISAV vaccine delivered i.p
1069. A questionnaire-based survey on the uptake and use of cattle vaccines in the UK.
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- Vaccination compliance was limited in certain areas, for example only 48 per cent of respondents stated that they administered the second DOSE in the primary course within the recommended timeframe, and 14 per cent of respondents stated that they vaccinated earlier than the youngest recommended age
1070. Developments in Viral Vector-Based Vaccines.
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- In addition, genetically altered vectors have been developed to improve efficacy and safety, reduce administration DOSE, and enable large-scale manufacturing
- These trials provide important information on factors such as toxicity, administration DOSE tolerated, and optimized vaccination strategy
1071. Guideline on allergen-specific immunotherapy in IgE-mediated allergic diseases: S2k Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the Society for Pediatric Allergy and Environmental Medicine (GPA), the Medical Association of German Allergologists (AeDA), the Austrian Society for Allergy and Immunology (ÖGAI), the Swiss Society for Allergy and Immunology (SGAI), the German Society of Dermatology (DDG), the German Society of Oto- Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (DGHNO-KHC), the German Society of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ), the Society for Pediatric Pneumology (GPP), the German Respiratory Society (DGP), the German Association of ENT Surgeons (BV-HNO), the Professional Federation of Paediatricians and Youth Doctors (BVKJ), the Federal Association of Pulmonologists (BDP) and the German Dermatologists Association (BVDD).
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- DOSE-dependent adverse local reactions occur frequently in the mouth and throat in SLIT
- g., allergen characterization, new administration routes, adjuvants, faster and safer DOSE escalation protocols), some of which are already being investigated in clinical trials
1072. Metronomic cyclophosphamide enhances HPV16E7 peptide vaccine induced antigen-specific and cytotoxic T-cell mediated antitumor immune response.
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- Previous strategies to modulate the immune system during vaccination have involved continuous administration of low DOSE chemotherapy, studies that have posed unique considerations for clinical trial design
- Here, we evaluated metronomic CPA in combination with a peptide vaccine targeting HPV16E7 in an HPV16-induced tumor model, focusing on the cytotoxic T-cell response and timing of low DOSE metronomic CPA (mCPA) treatment relative to vaccination
1073. Porcine circovirus type 2 decreases the infection and replication of attenuated classical swine fever virus in porcine alveolar macrophages.
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- The results showed that PCV2 reduced the LPCV infection in AMs and the levels of PCV2-derived interference were DOSE-dependent
- In addition, a moderate negative correlation between the LPCV antigen-containing rate and IFN-γ production was observed, and had a DOSE-dependent trend with the level of PCV2-inoculation
1074. The cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus model of respiratory syncytial virus infection.
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- The cotton rat has accurately predicted efficacy and DOSE of antibody immunoprophylaxis, and the lack of efficacy of antibody immunotherapy for disease treatment
1075. Novel licensure pathways for expeditious introduction of new tuberculosis vaccines: a discussion of the adaptive licensure concept.
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- In general, clinical development and regulatory approval occurs in a linear, sequential manner: Phase 1 - safety, immunogenicity; Phase 2 - immunogenicity, safety, DOSE ranging and preliminary efficacy; Phase 3 - definitive efficacy, safety, lot consistency; and, following regulatory approval, Phase 4 - post-marketing safety and effectiveness
1076. Optimal timing of influenza vaccination in patients with human immunodeficiency virus: a Markov cohort model based on serial study participant hemoagglutination inhibition titers.
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- For most people, a single DOSE prior to the flu season offers adequate immunogenicity
- (2011) that determined a single DOSE is the optimal dosing strategy for HIV+ patients, we investigate the optimal time to administer this vaccination
- Using data from the "single DOSE" treatment arm of an RCT conducted at 12 CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network sites we estimated semimonthly clinical seroprotection levels for a cohort (N=93) based on HAI titer levels
1077. Tumor protective activity of CD4+ but not of CD8+ T cells in DNA-vaccinated mice challenged with bcr-abl-transformed cells.
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- Two weeks after the last vaccine DOSE, the animals were challenged with syngeneic bcr-abl-transformed 12B1 cells which form solid tumors after subcutaneous administration
1078. Immunization of Mice by BCG Formulated HCV Core Protein Elicited Higher Th1-Oriented Responses Compared to Pluronic-F127 Copolymer.
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- Mice were immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) in base of the tail with 100 μl of immunogen (F127+HCVcp or BCG+HCVcp; 5 μgHCVcp/mouse/DOSE) or control formulations (PBS, BCG, F127) at weeks 0, 3, 6
1079. Protective efficacy in mice of monovalent and trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccines in the background of cold-adapted A/X-31 and B/Lee/40 donor strains.
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- Relatively lower type B-specific immunogenicity in trivalent vaccine formulation could be effectively implemented by increasing the vaccine DOSE of influenza B virus
1080. Dosing schedules for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: considerations for policy makers.
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- An important consideration for a national immunization program is the timing and number of DOSEs-the schedule-that will best prevent disease in the population
- In low-income countries, pneumococcal disease and deaths typically peak well before the end of the first year of life, making a schedule that provides PCV DOSEs early in life (eg, a 6-, 10- and 14-week schedule) potentially the best option
- In other settings, a schedule including a booster DOSE may address disease that peaks in the second year of life or may be seen to enhance a schedule already in place
- A large and growing body of evidence from immunogenicity studies, as well as clinical trials and observational studies of carriage, pneumonia and invasive disease, has been systematically reviewed; these data indicate that schedules of 3 or 4 DOSEs all work well, and that the differences between these regimens are subtle, especially in a mature program in which coverage is high and indirect (herd) effects help enhance protection provided directly by a vaccine schedule
- The recent World Health Organization policy statement on PCVs endorsed a schedule of 3 primary DOSEs without a booster or, as a new alternative, 2 primary DOSEs with a booster DOSE
- While 1 schedule may be preferred in a particular setting based on local epidemiology or practical considerations, achieving high coverage with 3 DOSEs is likely more important than the specific timing of DOSEs.
1081. The differential impact of coadministered vaccines, geographic region, vaccine product and other covariates on pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunogenicity.
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- Studies included in this analysis evaluated ≥ 2 primary DOSEs of PCV before 6 months of age in non-high-risk populations, used 7-valent or higher PCV products (excluding Aventis-Pasteur and Merck products) and provided information on geometric mean concentration (GMC) for STs 1, 5, 6B, 14, 19F or 23F
- Vaccine product, number of PCV DOSEs, dosing interval, age at first DOSE and ELISA laboratory method also affected the GMC
1082. Systematic review of the effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing schedules on vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease among young children.
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- Data on 2-DOSE and 3-DOSE primary series, both with and without a booster ("2+0," "2+1," "3+0" and "3+1"), were included
- 3+1); results supported the use of a booster DOSE
1083. Safety of second-generation rotavirus vaccines, intussusception.
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- Recent data from passive and active surveillance systems in the United States indicate that RV1 and RV5 vaccines may possibly cause a small increase in the risk of intussusception; an estimated 1-3 US infants out of 100 000 might develop intussusception within 7 days of getting their first DOSE of rotavirus vaccine
1084. Phase III clinical trials comparing the immunogenicity and safety of the vero cell-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine Encevac with those of mouse brain-derived vaccine by using the Beijing-1 strain.
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- Each subject was injected with 17 μg per DOSE of either CC-JEV or MB-JEV, and the immunogenicity and safety of the vaccines were investigated
- Trial 1 showed that CC-JEV was more immunogenic and reactive than MB-JEV at the same DOSE
- Each subject was injected subcutaneously with either 4 μg per DOSE of CC-JEV, 8 μg per DOSE of CC-JEV, or 17 μg per DOSE of MB-JEV twice, at an interval of 2 to 4 weeks, followed by an additional booster immunization 1 to 15 months after the primary immunization
- Based on the results of trial 2, 4 μg per DOSE of the freeze-dried CC-JEV (under the label Encevac) was selected as a substitute for the MB-JEV
1085. Immunogenicity and protection conferred by Mycobacterium habana in a murine model of pulmonary tuberculosis.
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- Intratracheal infection of BALB/c mice with high DOSE M. habana TMC 5135 or IPK-337 strains permitted 100% survival and limited tissue damage
1086. [Field epidemiological study on a varicella outbreak among schoolchildren in Shenzhen].
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- 52.5% (64/122) of the cases had received one-DOSE of varicella vaccine, with the median of onset after the vaccination as 7 years
- The results demonstrated that one single-DOSE vaccine or long vaccination period were factors related to the insufficient immunity that causing the outbreak of disease
1087. Screening of pregnant women for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and subsequent management, Qiandongnan prefecture, Guizhou, China, 2010.
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- The 82 infants had received three DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccines and 79 (96%; 95% CI: 90%-99%) had received the first DOSE within 24h
1088. Evaluation of immunization injection safety in China, 2010: achievements, future sustainability.
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- With respect to the risk to the patient, we never observed open injection equipment lying around or needles left in the septum of multi-DOSE vials
1089. Evaluation of policies and practices to prevent mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus in China: results from China GAVI project final evaluation.
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- Providing hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) to all infants within 24h of birth (Timely Birth DOSE, TBD), and subsequent completion of at least 3 vaccine DOSEs is key to preventing perinatal HBV infection
1090. Preventing hepatitis B though universal vaccination: reduction of inequalities through the GAVI China project.
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- Overall, in these 244 townships, surveyed TBD coverage increased from 60% in 2002 to 91% in 2009 and surveyed three DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine coverage increased from 71% in 2002 to 93% in 2009
1091. Development of an in vitro assay based on humoral immunity for quality control of oil-adjuvant Pseudotuberculosis vaccine in Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata.
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- Results of artificial challenge tests demonstrated vaccine efficiency was DOSE dependent
- Agglutination assays using immune sera were performed to determine agglutination titers, which were also DOSE dependent
1092. Surface plasmon resonance measurements of plasma antibody avidity during primary and secondary responses to anthrax protective antigen.
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- Our analyses showed that following a priming DOSE in mice, rPA-specific antibody concentration and avidity increases over time and reaches a maximal response in about six weeks, but gradually declines in the absence of antigenic boost
1093. Influence of age on the effectiveness of PCV2 vaccination in piglets with high levels of maternally derived antibodies.
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- Two groups in each study received a single DOSE of a PCV2 subunit vaccine, one group at 1 week old and the other at 3 weeks of age
1094. Intramuscular delivery of adenovirus serotype 5 vector expressing humanized protective antigen induces rapid protection against anthrax that may bypass intranasally originated preexisting adenovirus immunity.
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- Animals intramuscularly inoculated with a single DOSE of 10⁸ infectious units of Ad5-PAopt achieved 100% protection from challenge with 10 times the 50% lethal DOSE (LD₅₀) of anthrax lethal toxin 7 days after vaccination
1095. [Impact assessment of the rotavirus vaccine in Colombia using rapid evaluation methods].
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- Rotavirus vaccination coverage was estimated by age group; the cumulative incidence of hospitalization for severe diarrhea was determined; and the magnitude of correlation between vaccination with one or two DOSEs of rotavirus vaccine and hospitalization for diarrhea was calculated using the age-adjusted probability ratio (PR) and other epidemiologically significant factors
- Coverage with a single DOSE of the rotavirus vaccine was 87.3%
- The effectiveness of two DOSEs of the vaccine in preventing hospitalization for severe diarrhea was 68% (CI 95% = 55%-77%)
1096. Higher Immunological Protection of Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Influenza Live Virus Infection than Split Vaccine Against the Homologous Virus for Long Term Immunization in Ferret.
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- While one-DOSE and two-DOSE vaccinated ferrets could last a moderate antibody titers for 81 days, with its peak value at day 7 post immunization
- These data supported that both one-DOSE and two-DOSE vaccination of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) split vaccine conferred a moderate protection against challenge after 207 days, and there was no significant difference between the two groups
- Either the infected only or vaccinated plus infected ones exerted more effective protective immune than one-DOSE and two-DOSE vaccination against the challenge, especially in preventing virus shedding, and vaccination primed before infection had no additional efficacy.
1097. Vaccine-induced monoclonal antibodies targeting circumsporozoite protein prevent Plasmodium falciparum infection.
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- Increasing anti-CSP titers resulted in a DOSE-dependent reduction of the liver parasite burden
1098. Efficacy of hepatitis A vaccination and factors impacting on seroconversion in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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- Patients were vaccinated against HAV at 0 and 6 to 12 months, with seroconversion (anti-HAV immunoglobulin G) measured 1 to 3 months after the second DOSE
1099. Cross-protective immune responses elicited by a Korean variant of infectious bronchitis virus.
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- Three-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were intraocularly immunized with the IBV K40/09 strain at 10(3.5) 50% egg infective DOSE (EID50)
1100. Protecting chickens against coccidiosis in floor pens by administering Eimeria oocysts using gel beads or spray vaccination.
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- Control of avian coccidiosis is increasingly being achieved by the administration of low DOSEs of Eimeria oocysts to newly hatched chicks
- At 4 wk of age, all chickens and a control nonimmunized group received a high-DOSE E
1101. Vaccines within vaccines: the use of adenovirus types 4 and 7 as influenza vaccine vectors.
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- Ad4 protected BALB/c mice at a lower DOSE by i.m
- transduction was restored in CD46+ transgenic mice, protection against influenza challenge required even higher DOSEs as compared with the BALB/c mice
1102. Immunogenicity of highly conserved recombinant VacJ outer membrane lipoprotein of Pasteurella multocida.
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- On the contrary, higher rVacJ DOSE (75μg) along with FCA and alum provided 66.7% and 50% protection respectively, at reduced challenge DOSE (8 LD50)
1103. A multi-antigenic adenoviral-vectored vaccine improves BCG-induced protection of goats against pulmonary tuberculosis infection and prevents disease progression.
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- Later on, an endobronchial challenge with a low DOSE of M
1104. Vaccination to prevent varicella: Goldman and King's response to Myers' interpretation of Varicella Active Surveillance Project data.
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- When the costs of the booster DOSE for varicella and the increased shingles recurrences are included, the universal varicella vaccination program is neither effective nor cost-effective.
1105. Immunoproteomically identified GBAA_0345, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C is a potential target for multivalent anthrax vaccine.
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- Although current vaccines are effective, they involve prolonged DOSE regimens and often cause adverse reactions
1106. Influence of Vaccination dose and clinico-demographical factors on antibody titers against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella-zoster viruses among university students in Japan.
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- To evaluate the influence of vaccination DOSE and clinico-demographical factors on immune status against measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella viruses among university students, we conducted a case-control study by analyzing serum antibody titers according to past immunization and infection, and perinatal histories, using a multivariate regression model
- Two or more DOSEs of measles and rubella vaccination yielded notably greater odds ratios for immuno-positivity (9.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.8-28.9 and 12.2; 95% CI, 0.71-210.3, respectively), compared with 1-DOSE vaccination, even though the superiority did not reach statistical significance for rubella
- We concluded that a 2-DOSE vaccination strategy could successfully prevent measles and rubella outbreaks by increasing immunity.
1107. One-shot vaccination with an insect cell-derived low-dose influenza A H7 virus-like particle preparation protects mice against H7N9 challenge.
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- Here, we assessed in the mouse model protective efficacy of single immunisations with low vaccine DOSEs of insect cell-derived H7 virus-like particles, consisting of hemagglutinin and matrix protein
- Vaccinated mice were fully protected and survived a stringent lethal challenge (100 mLD50) with H7N9, even after a single, unadjuvanted, low vaccine DOSE (0.03 μg)
1108. Protective efficacy of a human endogenous retrovirus envelope-coated, nonreplicable, baculovirus-based hemagglutin vaccine against pandemic influenza H1N1 2009.
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- After challenge with 10-times the median lethal DOSE (MLD50) of sH1N1 virus, 100% of BALB/c mice immunized with the commercial vaccine or AcHERV-sH1N1-HA survived
1109. Booster and higher antigen doses of inactivated influenza vaccine in HIV-infected patients.
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- To review the literature regarding booster or higher DOSEs of influenza antigen for increasing immunogenicity of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in HIV-infected patients
- MEDLINE (1966 to September 2013) was searched using the terms immunize, influenza, vaccine, and HIV or AIDS in combination with two-DOSE, booster-DOSE, increased antigen, or high-DOSE
- One trial of booster dosing with standard DOSEs (SDs) of IIV, trivalent (IIV3); 2 trials of booster dosing with intermediate DOSEs (ID) of H1N1 IIV or IIV3; and 1 trial of high-DOSE (HD) IIV3 were identified
- Trials administering 2-DOSE, booster-DOSE, or increased antigen of influenza vaccine to patients with HIV were reviewed
- It has been postulated that booster or higher DOSEs of influenza antigen may lead to increased immunogenicity
- Trials evaluating booster or higher-antigen DOSEs of IIV for 'clinical' influenza are necessary before routinely recommending for HIV-infected patients.
1110. Perceptions and sociodemographic factors influencing vaccination uptake and precautionary behaviours in response to the A/H1N1 influenza in Sweden.
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- Over 60% of the population received at least one DOSE of vaccine
1111. Vaccinating against Helicobacter pylori in the developing world.
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- pylori infection, and for testing antigens, routes of immunization, DOSE, and adjuvants
1112. Significant clinical response of progressive recurrent ovarian clear cell carcinoma to glypican-3-derived peptide vaccine therapy: two case reports.
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- The GPC3 peptide was administered at a DOSE of 3 mg per body
1113. Timeliness of infant vaccination and factors related with delay in Flanders, Belgium.
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- Over the time period, vaccination coverage for the first DOSE of MMR ranged from 94.0 to 96.6% and for the third DOSE of DTP from 97.9 to 98.7%
- However, up to 32% (for MMR1) and 95% (for DTP3) of infants received vaccine DOSEs delayed according to the recommended schedule
1114. Mumps vaccine effectiveness and risk factors for disease in households during an outbreak in New York City.
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- Among 7-17 year olds, 89.7% received one or more DOSEs of MMR vaccine, with 76.7% receiving two DOSEs
- The overall 2-DOSE VE for secondary contacts aged five and older was 86.3% (CI 63.3-94.9)
- The two-DOSE effectiveness of MMR vaccine against mumps was 86.3%, consistent with other published mumps VE estimates
1115. Safety of high dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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- Recently, a high DOSE (HD) TIV was found to increase the level of antibody response in elderly patients compared to the standard DOSE (SD) TIV
1116. Nanoparticle conjugation of CpG enhances adjuvancy for cellular immunity and memory recall at low dose.
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- In subunit vaccines, strong CD8(+) T-cell responses are desired, yet they are elusive at reasonable adjuvant DOSEs
- We show that targeting adjuvant to the lymph node (LN) via ultrasmall polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), which rapidly drain to the LN after intradermal injection, greatly enhances adjuvant efficacy at low DOSEs
- Together, these results show that nanocarriers can enhance vaccine efficacy at a low adjuvant DOSE for inducing potent and long-lived cellular immunity.
1117. A quantitative survey of the literature on poliovirus infection and immunity.
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- The immunity model was more highly correlated with the data than a simpler per-DOSE efficacy model
1118. Will vaccination against rotavirus infection with RIX4414 be cost-saving in Germany?
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- This study investigated whether rotavirus vaccination using the two-DOSE rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix®, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) would be a cost-saving intervention from the perspective of the statutory health insurance (SHI) in Germany
1119. A phase 1b randomized, controlled, double-blinded dosage-escalation trial to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an adenovirus type 35 based circumsporozoite malaria vaccine in Burkinabe healthy adults 18 to 45 years of age.
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- A double blind, randomized, controlled, DOSE escalation, phase Ib trial was conducted in a rural area of Balonghin, the Saponé health district (Burkina Faso)
- Forty-eight healthy adults aged 18-45 years were randomized into 4 cohorts of 12 to receive three vaccine DOSEs (day 0, 28 and 84) of 10(9), 10(10), 5X10(10), 10(11) vp of Ad35.CS.01 or normal saline by intra muscular injection
- Of the forty-eight subjects enrolled, forty-four (91.7%) received all three scheduled vaccine DOSEs
- Study vaccine Ad35.CS.01 at four different DOSE levels was well-tolerated and modestly immunogenic in this population
1120. Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in patients on hemodialysis--a review.
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- Because the immune response to a standard influenza vaccine in this population is weak, the studies covered many aspects of vaccination, including the need for a booster DOSE
1121. Adjuvant potential of low dose all-trans retinoic acid during oral typhoid vaccination in Zambian men.
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- In order to establish that standard DOSEs of oral ATRA can achieve serum concentrations greater than 10 nmol/l, we measured ATRA, 9-cis and 13-cis retinoic acid in serum of 14 male volunteers before and 3 h after 10 mg ATRA
1122. Yersinia pestis biovar Microtus strain 201, an avirulent strain to humans, provides protection against bubonic plague in rhesus macaques.
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- Generally, the Microtus strain 201 represented a good plague vaccine candidate based on its ability to generate strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses as well as its good protection against high DOSE of subcutaneous virulent Y
1123. Quantifying clinical HPV4 dose inefficiencies in a safety net population.
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- HPV4 is the most expensive vaccine requiring three appropriately timed DOSEs to provide maximal efficacy against two oncogenic HPV types
- A retrospective study of HPV4 dosing from 2006-2009, among females 10-26 years old who sought care in a safety net health care system was conducted to determine DOSE usage patterns among those at highest risk for cervical cancer
- DOSE descriptors abstracted from the electronic medical record (EMR) included timing and number in series as well as characteristics of the person to whom and visit at which the DOSE was given
- DOSE inefficiencies were separated into "less than three DOSEs" and "mistimed DOSEs" for analysis
- The majority (66%) of HPV4 DOSEs administered were insufficient to induce the maximal immune response necessary for HPV infection prevention
- Among on-time DOSEs, 58% were singleton or doublet DOSEs
- Mistimed DOSEs accounted for 19% of all DOSEs administered with late intervals being more common than early intervals among those receiving more than one DOSE (9% vs
- Third DOSEs were mistimed twice as often as second DOSEs (10% vs
- Black women were more likely to have a mistimed second DOSE and Hispanic women more likely to have a mistimed third DOSE compared to white women (OR = 1.70 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.61 and 2.44 (1.19, 5.00), respectively)
1124. Prophylactic role of long-term ultra-low-dose acyclovir for varicella zoster virus disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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- To evaluate the prophylactic role of long-term ultra-low-DOSE acyclovir for varicella zoster virus (VZV) disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
- This study shows that long-term ultra-low-DOSE acyclovir appears to be effective for preventing VZV disease, especially disseminated VZV disease, after allogeneic HSCT
1125. Efficacy of a vaccine formula against tuberculosis in cattle.
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- A 10(6) CFU DOSE of the BCG strain was inoculated subcutaneously on the neck to two groups of ten animas each
1126. Protein-energy malnutrition alters IgA responses to rotavirus vaccination and infection but does not impair vaccine efficacy in mice.
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- At 3 weeks of age, we weaned CD and RBD pups to their dams' diet and subrandomized weanlings to receive a single DOSE of either live oral rotavirus vaccine (RRV) or PBS
1127. Evaluation of vaccine candidate potential of deltaaroA, deltahtrA and deltaaroAdeltahtrA mutants of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Abortusequi in guinea pigs.
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- The deltahtrA and deltaaroAdeltahtrA mutants were found to be safe on oral inoculation in DOSEs as high as 4.2 x 10(9) cfu/animal
- After >4.5 months of mutant inoculation, guinea pigs were protected against abortifacient DOSE of wild type S
1128. Durable antibody responses following one dose of the bivalent human papillomavirus L1 virus-like particle vaccine in the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial.
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- The Costa Rica HPV16/18 Vaccine Trial (CVT) showed that four-year vaccine efficacy against 12-month HPV16/18 persistent infection was similarly high among women who received one, two, or the recommended three DOSEs of the bivalent HPV16/18 L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine
- Live-attenuated viral vaccines, but not simple-subunit vaccines, usually induce durable lifelong antibody responses after a single DOSE
- To explore the likelihood that efficacy will persist longer term, we investigated the magnitude and durability of antibodies to this vaccine by measuring HPV16- and HPV18-specific antibodies by VLP-ELISA using serum from enrollment, vaccination, and annual visits through four years in four vaccinated groups; one-DOSE (n = 78), two-DOSEs separated by one month (n = 140), two DOSEs separated by six months (n = 52), and three scheduled DOSEs (n = 120, randomly selected)
- At four years, 100% of women in all groups remained HPV16/18 seropositive; both HPV16/18 geometric mean titers (GMT) among the extended two-DOSE group were non-inferior to the three-DOSE group, and ELISA titers were highly correlated with neutralization titers in all groups
- Compared with the natural infection group, HPV16/18 GMTs were, respectively, at least 24 and 14 times higher among the two-DOSE and 9 and 5 times higher among one-DOSE vaccinees
- Antibody levels following one-DOSE remained stable from month 6 through month 48
- Results raise the possibility that even a single DOSE of HPV VLPs will induce long-term protection.
1129. Long-term clinical studies of varicella vaccine at a regional hospital in Japan and proposal for a varicella vaccination program.
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- It has been commercially available since 1987 for the voluntary vaccination program, in which children over the age of 1 year with no history of previous varicella infection receive a single DOSE
- Breakthrough varicella is observed in approximately 20-30% of children who receive a single DOSE of the vaccine, but most cases are mild
- An additional vaccination increased the IAHA antibody level in subjects who failed to seroconvert after a single DOSE vaccination
- Along with this, introduction of a two-DOSE schedule would also be desirable
- In addition to decreasing the prevalence of characteristic breakthrough varicella infection, the vaccination coverage rate would also be expected to improve with a two-DOSE schedule due to an increase in opportunities for vaccination.
1130. Cost-effectiveness of a new rotavirus vaccination program in Pakistan: a decision tree model.
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1131. Increased efficacy of a trivalent nicotine vaccine compared to a dose-matched monovalent vaccine when formulated with alum.
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- nicotine DOSE to brain to a greater extent than an equivalent DOSE of a monovalent vaccine
- In summary, a trivalent nicotine vaccine formulated with alum showed significantly higher efficacy than a DOSE-matched monovalent vaccine and may offer a strategy for increasing nicotine vaccine immunogenicity
1132. Potential cost-effectiveness of the nonavalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.
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- Under base-case assumptions (vaccinating 10-year-old girls, 80% coverage, 95$/DOSE, vaccine-type efficacy = 95%, cross-protection for the quadrivalent vaccine, duration of vaccine-type protection (cross-protection) = 20 (10) years), using the quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines is estimated to cost $15,528 [12,056; 19,140] and $12,203 [9,331; 17,292] per QALY-gained, respectively
- However, the additional cost per DOSE of the nonavalent vaccine should not exceed $11 to remain more cost-effective than the quadrivalent vaccine, and $24 to represent a cost-effective alternative to the quadrivalent vaccine (using a $40,000/QALY-gained threshold)
1133. Cost-effectiveness and cost utility analysis of three pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children of Peru.
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- The most significant drivers for these results are the better health and economic profile of PHiD-CV against AOM and its reduced cost per DOSE available through the PAHO Revolving Fund in the LAC region.
1134. An indole alkaloid from a tribal folklore inhibits immediate early event in HSV-2 infected cells with therapeutic efficacy in vaginally infected mice.
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- The time kinetics and IFA demonstrated that HM DOSE dependently inhibited 50-99% of HSV-2 infection at 1.5-5.0 µg/ml at 2-4 h post-infection
1135. A single vaccination with an improved nonspreading Rift Valley fever virus vaccine provides sterile immunity in lambs.
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- A DOSE titration study in lambs revealed that the highest vaccination DOSE of 10(6.3) TCID50/ml protected all lambs from clinical signs and viremia
1136. Serological Correlate of Protection in Guinea Pigs for a Recombinant Protective Antigen Anthrax Vaccine Produced from Bacillus brevis.
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- Guinea pigs were subsequently challenged by the intramuscular injection with 30 half-lethal DOSEs (30LD50) of virulent Bacillus anthracis spores
- Toxin neutralization titers of at least 1176 were sufficient to confer protection against a DOSE of 30LD50 of virulent anthrax spores of the H9401 strain
1137. Resistance to infection, early and persistent suppression of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 viremia, and significant reduction of tissue viral burden after mucosal vaccination in female rhesus macaques.
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- The efficacy of oral, intestinal, nasal, and vaginal vaccinations with DNA simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/interleukin-2 (IL-2)/IL-15, SIV Gag/Pol/Env recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA), and AT-2 SIVmac239 inactivated particles was compared in rhesus macaques after low-DOSE vaginal challenge with SIVmac251
1138. Comparing Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine schedules: a systematic review and meta-analysis of vaccine trials.
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- The optimal schedule and the need for a booster DOSE are unclear for Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccines
- We searched 21 databases to May 2010 or June 2012 and selected randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized controlled trials that compared different Hib schedules (3 primary DOSEs with no booster DOSE [3p+0], 3p+1 and 2p+1) or different intervals in primary schedules and between primary and booster schedules
- Comparing polyribosylribitol phosphate conjugated to tetanus toxoid 3p+0 with 2p+0, there was no difference in seropositivity at the 1.0 μg/mL threshold by 6 months after the last primary DOSE (combined risk difference -0.02; 95% confidence interval: -0.10, 0.06)
- Only small differences were seen between schedules starting at different ages, with different intervals between primary DOSEs, or with different intervals between primary and booster DOSEs
1139. 5 year efficacy of a bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in Kolkata, India: a cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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- Efficacy and safety of a two-DOSE regimen of bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (Shantha Biotechnics, Hyderabad, India) to 3 years is established, but long-term efficacy is not
- We randomly allocated participants, by dwelling, to receive two oral DOSEs of modified killed bivalent whole-cell cholera vaccine or heat-killed Escherichia coli K12 placebo, 14 days apart
- We identified culture-confirmed cholera cases among participants seeking treatment for diarrhoea at a study clinic or government hospital between 14 days and 1825 days after receipt of the second DOSE
- We assessed vaccine protection in a per-protocol population of participants who had completely ingested two DOSEs of assigned study treatment
1140. Protective role of adenylate cyclase in the context of a live pertussis vaccine candidate.
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- In vivo, whereas the protective efficacy of the CyaA-deficient mutant was comparable to the parental strain at a vaccine DOSE of 5 × 10(5) colony forming units (CFU), it was significantly impaired at a vaccine DOSE of 5 × 10(3) CFU
1141. Seroconversion of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccination in kidney transplant patients and the influence of different risk factors.
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- A total of 85 renal transplant patients attending the outpatient unit received one 15-μg intramuscular DOSE of A(H1N1) pdm09 influenza vaccine (reassortant vaccine virus A/California/7/2009 [NYMC X-179A])
1142. A phase I study on combined therapy with proton-beam radiotherapy and in situ tumor vaccination for locally advanced recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.
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- Three DOSE-levels of CalTUMP (1/10, 1/3, and 1/1) were administered to 3 patients each
- Three intratumoral injections of CalTUMP following PBT (median DOSE: 72.6 GyE) were accomplished in 9 patients
1143. Effect of age on the risk of Fever and seizures following immunization with measles-containing vaccines in children.
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- IMPORTANCE The first DOSE of live attenuated measles-containing vaccines is associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures 7 to 10 days following immunization among 12- to 23-month-old children
- RESULTS In the analysis of any measles-containing vaccines, the increased risk of seizures during the 7- to 10-day risk interval, using the remainder of the observation period as the control interval, was significantly greater among older children (relative risk, 6.5; 95% CI, 5.3-8.1; attributable risk, 9.5 excess cases per 10,000 DOSEs; 95% CI, 7.6-11.5) than among younger children (relative risk, 3.4; 95% CI, 3.0-3.9; attributable risk = 4.0 excess cases per 10,000 DOSEs; 95% CI, 3.4-4.6)
- Findings of this study that focused on safety outcomes highlight the importance of timely immunization of children with the first DOSE of measles-containing vaccines.
1144. Dual functions of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM as protection against rotavirus diarrhea.
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- The aim of the study was to examine the DOSE effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) NCFM strain on rotavirus-specific antibody and B-cell responses in gnotobiotic pigs vaccinated with an oral attenuated human rotavirus (AttHRV)
- Pigs were inoculated with AttHRV vaccine in conjunction with high-DOSE LA (14 DOSEs, total 2.2 × 10(6) colony-forming units [CFU]), intermediate-DOSE LA (MidLA) (9 DOSEs, total 3.2 × 10(9) CFU), low-DOSE LA (LoLA) (5 DOSEs, total 2.1 × 10(6) CFU), or without LA feeding
- The MidLA, but not high-DOSE LA or LoLA, significantly reduced rotavirus diarrhea (MidLA-only group) and significantly improved the protection conferred by AttHRV vaccine (MidLA + AttHRV group)
- High-DOSE LA or LoLA did not enhance virus-specific antibody and ASC responses, and hence did not improve the vaccine efficacy
- These findings highlight the importance of DOSE selection and indicate that certain specific lactobacilli strains at the appropriate DOSE have the dual function of reducing rotavirus diarrhea and enhancing the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of rotavirus vaccines.
1145. The effects of exercise on vaccination responses: a review of chronic and acute exercise interventions in humans.
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- The clinical importance of this adjuvant action of exercise, if any, as well as variability in responsiveness across different cohorts, DOSE-response relationships and the optimal exercise modality to employ for this indication deserve further study.
1146. Oral vaccination with inhibin DNA delivered using attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis for improving reproductive traits in mice.
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- Vaccination with this strain at a DOSE of 1 × 10(10) CFU/200 µl per mouse induced high anti-inhibin antibody levels, significantly increased large-follicle production in T1 group (p < 0.05) and average litter size (p > 0.05) compared with control groups
1147. Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy assessment of HIV immunotherapy in a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised, Placebo-controlled Phase Ib human trial.
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- Volunteers received one low (250 μg) or high (500 μg) DOSE of HIV-v, either alone or adjuvanted (ISA-51)
- The high adjuvanted DOSE also elicited cellular responses in 45% of tested volunteers
1148. Deep phenotyping of the unselected COPSAC2010 birth cohort study.
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- Randomized controlled trials of high-DOSE vitamin D and fish oil supplements were conducted during pregnancy, and a trial of azithromycin for acute lung symptoms was conducted in the children with recurrent wheeze
1149. A comparative pharmacokinetic estimate of mercury in U.S. Infants following yearly exposures to inactivated influenza vaccines containing thimerosal.
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- The use of thimerosal preservative in childhood vaccines has been largely eliminated over the past decade in the United States because vaccines have been reformulated in single-DOSE vials that do not require preservative
- An exception is the inactivated influenza vaccines, which are formulated in both multiDOSE vials requiring preservative and preservative-free single-DOSE vials
- As part of an ongoing evaluation by USFDA of the safety of biologics throughout their lifecycle, the infant body burden of mercury following scheduled exposures to thimerosal preservative in inactivated influenza vaccines in the United States was estimated and compared to the infant body burden of mercury following daily exposures to dietary methylmercury at the reference DOSE established by the USEPA
- Body burdens were estimated using kinetic parameters derived from experiments conducted in infant monkeys that were exposed episodically to thimerosal or MeHg at identical DOSEs
- Our pharmacokinetic analysis supports the acknowledged safety of thimerosal when used as a preservative at current levels in certain multiDOSE infant vaccines in the United States.
1150. Autoimmune, neurological, and venous thromboembolic adverse events after immunisation of adolescent girls with quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in Denmark and Sweden: cohort study.
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- 997,585 girls aged 10-17, among whom 296,826 received a total of 696,420 qHPV vaccine DOSEs
- Incident hospital diagnosed autoimmune, neurological, and venous thromboembolic events (53 different outcomes) up to 180 days after each qHPV vaccine DOSE
1151. Current and future treatment options for gonorrhoea.
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- Historically, gonorrhoea treatment has been delivered as a single, directly observed DOSE but this has resulted in failure of successive antimicrobial agents which have been replaced by a new antimicrobial to which resistance has been rare or non-existing
1152. DNA/long peptide vaccination against conserved regions of SIV induces partial protection against SIVmac251 challenge.
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- This study demonstrates that vaccine-elicited responses towards conserved regions can afford partial protection against a high-DOSE intrarectal SIVmac251 challenge.
1153. Tailored vaccines targeting the elderly using whole inactivated influenza vaccines bearing cytokine immunomodulators.
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- Our investigations found that a single low-DOSE intramuscular vaccination with inactivated whole influenza vaccine co-presenting IL-12 was sufficient to provide enhanced protection from subsequent influenza challenge as compared with non-adjuvanted whole inactivated vaccine
- Our results indicate that incorporation of cytokines such as IL-12 in a membrane-bound formulation in whole inactivated vaccine may provide a means to lower the vaccine DOSE while eliciting enhanced protective responses in the elderly, an age group that responds poorly to current vaccination regimens.
1154. Efficacy of a piglet-specific commercial inactivated vaccine against Porcine circovirus type 2 in clinical field trials.
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- The 2-DOSE schedule of vaccination with inactivated PCV2 vaccine improved the average daily weight gain from birth to 16 wk of age, the PCV2 load in the blood, and the frequency and severity of lymph node lesions
1155. Highly sensitive quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of Plasmodium liver-stage parasite burden following low-dose sporozoite challenge.
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1156. Host defense mechanism-based rational design of live vaccine.
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- A single DOSE vaccination with the mutant virus elicited high levels of systemic and mucosal antibody responses and provided complete protection against both homologous and heterologous lethal challenges in mouse model
1157. Infection risk in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: susceptibility factors and preventive strategies.
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- The impaired cellular and humoral immune functions seen in patients with SLE are predisposing conditions, whilst disease activity, prednisone DOSEs over 7.5-10 mg/day, high DOSEs of methylprednisolone or cyclophosphamide are well-recognised risk factors for infection
- Therefore, it is advisable not to exceed DOSEs of 5 mg/day of prednisone in chronic treatment
- Methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide should be used in low-DOSE regimens
1158. Dose-dependent effects of NY-ESO-1 protein vaccine complexed with cholesteryl pullulan (CHP-NY-ESO-1) on immune responses and survival benefits of esophageal cancer patients.
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- Thirteen and twelve patients were repeatedly vaccinated with 100 μg or 200 μg of CHP-NY-ESO-1 with a median of 8 or 9.5 DOSEs, respectively
- The 200 μg DOSE more efficiently induced immune responses and suggested better survival benefits
1159. Incorporation of a rotavirus vaccine into the national immunisation schedule in the United Kingdom: a review.
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- When the first DOSE is administered between 6 and 14 weeks of age and the last DOSE by 24 weeks of age, Rotarix carries a small risk of intussusception within the week of vaccination
1160. Yellow fever vaccination: is one dose always enough?
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- A key conclusion of this review was that a single DOSE of yellow fever (YF) vaccine appears to confer life-long protection against YF disease, and that a booster DOSE of YF vaccine is not needed to maintain immunity
1161. Influenza virosomes supplemented with GPI-0100 adjuvant: a potent vaccine formulation for antigen dose sparing.
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- Adjuvants can stimulate vaccine-induced immune responses and can contribute decisively to antigen DOSE sparing when vaccine antigen production is limited, as for example during a pandemic influenza outbreak
- In contrast to influenza subunit vaccine adjuvanted with GPI-0100, virosomal vaccine supplemented with the same DOSE of GPI-0100 provided full protection of mice against infection at the extremely low antigen DOSE of 2 × 8 ng hemagglutinin
- The enhanced immunogenicity of the GPI-0100-adjuvanted virosomes, particularly at low antigen DOSEs, is possibly due to a physical association of the amphiphilic adjuvant with the virosomal membrane
- These results show that a combination of GPI-0100 and a virosomal influenza vaccine formulation is highly immunogenic and allows the use of very low antigen DOSEs without compromising the protective potential of the vaccine.
1162. Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination programs in Taiwan.
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- We used a Microsoft Excel-based model to assess rotavirus vaccination impact on rotavirus disease burden and the cost-effectiveness of 2-DOSE and 3-DOSE vaccination programs among a birth cohort of Taiwanese children followed for 5 years
- A national rotavirus vaccination program, regardless of number of DOSEs per course, would prevent 4 deaths, >10,500 hospitalizations, and >64,000 outpatient visits due to rotavirus infection among children <5 years annually, resulting in ~80%, 90%, and 70% declines in these outcomes, respectively, and a ~$7 million decline in annual medical costs
- A national 2- or 3-DOSE vaccination program would be cost-saving up to $13.30/DOSE ($26.60/course) or $7.98/DOSE ($23.94/course), respectively; very cost-effective up to $24.08 per DOSE ($48.16/course) or $15.18/DOSE ($45.54/course), respectively; and cost-effective up to $45.65/DOSE ($91.30/course) or $29.59/DOSE ($88.77/course), respectively
1163. The risk of fever following one dose of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in children aged ≥6 months to <36 months: a comparison of published and unpublished studies.
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- Following one DOSE of TIV, the median averaged weekly risk of any fever (≥37.5°C) was 26.0% (range 10.3-70.0%) in unpublished trials compared to 8.2% (range 5.3-28.3%) in published papers (p=0.04)
1164. Deletion modification enhances anthrax specific immunity and protective efficacy of a hepatitis B core particle-based anthrax epitope vaccine.
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- Most importantly, this deletion led to the full protection of the immunized mice against a lethal DOSE anthrax toxin challenge
1165. Beta-defensin 2 enhances immunogenicity and protection of an adenovirus-based H5N1 influenza vaccine at an early time.
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- In order to contain a rapidly spreading influenza virus in a pandemic scenario, a vaccine which can induce rapid and robust immune responses, preferably in a single DOSE, is necessary
- Furthermore, the HAd-HA-NP+HAd-Mbd2-immunized group receiving the lowest vector DOSE (2 × 10(7)+1 × 10(7)) was completely protected against an rgH5N1 virus challenge on day 7 post-vaccination
1166. Mumps in Poland in 2011.
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- This favourable epidemiological situation is a result of mumps vaccination program, which from 2003 became mandatory given as two DOSE schemes with MMR vaccine (mumps, measles, and rubella)
1167. Timeliness and completeness of vaccination and risk factors for low and late vaccine uptake in young children living in rural southern Tanzania.
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- The analysis was restricted to BCG, first and third DOSE of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis vaccines (DTP-1 and DTP-3) and first DOSE of measles-containing vaccine (MCV-1)
1168. Safety and immunogenicity of three tetravalent dengue vaccine formulations in healthy adults in the USA.
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- The vaccine formulations were: CYD-TDV 5555 (≈5log10 tissue culture infectious DOSE 50% [TCID50] of serotypes 1-4); CYD-TDV 5553 (≈5log10 TCID50 of serotypes 1-3 and ≈3log10 TCID50 of serotype 4); and CYD-TDV 4444 (≈4log10 TCID50 of serotypes 1-4)
- The 5555 formulation elicited a superior serotype 4 response versus the 5553 formulation, with seropositivity rates of 89.7% and 58.3%, respectively, after the second DOSE (between-group difference 31.4%; 95% confidence interval 18.2-43.2)
- After each of the three DOSEs, seropositivity rates for serotypes 1-3 were numerically highest with CYD-TDV 5553 and lowest with the 4444 formulation; seropositivity rates for serotype 4 were similar with the 5555 and 4444 formulations, and much lower among recipients of CYD-TDV 5553
- Reducing the DOSE of serotype 4 antigen (5553 formulation) creates an imbalance in the immune response to CYD-TDV
1169. Paediatric asthma and pneumococcal vaccination.
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- In the most recent guidelines concerning the use of pneumococcal vaccines, the Advisory Committee on Immunisation Practices recommends pneumococcal vaccination only when children with asthma aged <71 months are treated with high-DOSE corticosteroids, whereas the same Committee clearly indicates that asthma (without any definition of severity or treatment) is a reason for systematic pneumococcal vaccination in adults
- It is also unclear which pneumococcal vaccine should be used and how to face the problem of booster DOSEs
1170. Cost-effectiveness analysis of Tdap in the prevention of pertussis in the elderly.
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- In February 2012, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended expanding Tdap vaccination (one single DOSE) to include adults ≥65 years not previously vaccinated with Tdap
1171. Ligand-targeted particulate nanomedicines undergoing clinical evaluation: current status.
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1172. Cross-clade protection against H5N1 HPAI strains recently isolated from commercial poultry in Egypt with a single dose of a baculovirus based vaccine.
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- A single DOSE of vaccine, administration at 10 days of age, was shown to confer 100% clinical protection, with a decrease or suppression of virus shedding.
1173. Human rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) efficacy in the first two years of life: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in China.
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- For the first time in China, we assessed the efficacy of two oral DOSEs of the human rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) in infants during the first two years of life (113808/NCT01171963)
- Healthy infants aged 6-16 weeks were randomized (1:1) to receive two oral DOSEs of either the RIX4414 vaccine/placebo according to a 0, 1 month schedule
- Vaccine efficacy (VE) against severe RVGE was assessed from two weeks post-DOSE 2 up until the end of the second RV season and calculated with its 95% confidence intervals (CI)
- Two oral DOSEs of RIX4414 vaccine provided a substantial level of protection against severe RVGE in Chinese children during the first two years of life.
1174. A new self-controlled case series method for analyzing spontaneous reports of adverse events after vaccination.
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- The estimated risk during the 3- to 7-day period after vaccination was approximately 5 times higher after DOSE 1 of Rotarix than after DOSE 2, which is similar to published findings on the same topic
1175. Outer membrane vesicles derived from Bordetella parapertussis as an acellular vaccine against Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella pertussis infection.
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- Immunized BALB/c mice were challenged with sublethal DOSEs of B
- For these experiments we used as a positive control the current commercial aP vaccine in high DOSE
1176. Does a 10-valent pneumococcal-Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine prevent respiratory exacerbations in children with recurrent protracted bacterial bronchitis, chronic suppurative lung disease and bronchiectasis: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
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- Two hundred six children aged 18 months to 14 years with recurrent PBB, CSLD or bronchiectasis will be randomised to receive either two DOSEs of PHiD-CV or control meningococcal (ACYW₁₃₅) conjugate vaccine 2 months apart and followed for 12 months after the second vaccine DOSE
- Local and systemic reactions will be recorded on daily diaries for 7 and 30 days, respectively, following each vaccine DOSE and serious adverse events monitored throughout the trial
- The primary outcome is the incidence of respiratory exacerbations in the 12 months following the second vaccine DOSE
1177. Efficacy and duration of immunity after yellow fever vaccination: systematic review on the need for a booster every 10 years.
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- Based on currently available data, a single DOSE of YF vaccine is highly immunogenic and confers sustained life-long protective immunity against YF
- Therefore, a booster DOSE of YF vaccine is not needed
1178. Vaccination against and treatment of acute herpes zoster for prevention of post-herpetic neuralgia.
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- Zostavax (zoster vaccine) is a 1-DOSE, high-potency, live, attenuated varicella zoster virus (VZV) vaccine that boosts VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI), and this is its presumed mechanism of action
1179. Risk factors for transmission of mumps in a highly vaccinated population in Orange County, NY, 2009-2010.
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- In 2009-2010, we investigated a mumps outbreak among a highly vaccinated Orthodox Jewish population in a village in Orange County, NY, to identify risk factors associated with mumps transmission among persons with 2 DOSEs of mumps-containing vaccine
- Of the 2503 students with 2 documented DOSEs of mumps-containing vaccine, 320 (13%) developed mumps
- Age at first DOSE, time since last DOSE, time between first and second DOSE, school, class size, number of hours at school per week and household size were not significantly associated with having mumps
- Two DOSEs of mumps-containing vaccine may not be as effective in outbreak settings with multiple, prolonged and intense exposure
1180. Evaluation of protective efficacy using a nonstructural protein NS1 in DNA vaccine-loaded microspheres against dengue 2 virus.
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- The dengue virus challenge in mice test, in which mice received one DOSE of 20 μg NS1 protein content of microspheres, in comparison with NS1 protein in Al(OH)3 or PBS solution, was evaluated after intramuscular immunization of BALB/c mice
1181. [Varicella vaccination in Germany. A provisional appraisal in the context of MMR vaccination].
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- In 2004, a general varicella immunization was introduced in Germany for infants from the age of 11 months, followed by the subsequent recommendation in 2009 of a second vaccine DOSE
- In view of a rapidly waning immunity against the varicella zoster virus after vaccination with one DOSE and the lifelong persistence of the virus, achieving a robust and sustainable immunity in the general population seems to be an ambitious goal
1182. [Effects of the MMR vaccination on the epidemiology of mumps in Germany].
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- Regarding the long-term prevention of mumps in Germany, it is hoped that--as part of the measles and rubella elimination effort--coverage rates for the second MMR DOSE among children will increase nationwide above 95% and existing vaccination gaps among adults will be closed.
1183. [Switzerland eliminates measles. National Strategy for the Elimination of Measles 2011-2015].
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- During 2008-2010, the average national vaccination coverage for one or two DOSEs of measles vaccine amounted to 92 and 83 % for 2-year-olds, 95 and 85 % for 8-year-olds, and 95 and 85 % for 16-year-olds, respectively
- The strategy comprises six axes of intervention:(1)political engagement and support by all stakeholders, (2)a targeted ≥ 95 % two-DOSE vaccination coverage for all 2-year-olds, (3)easier access and incentives for the booster vaccination for everyone in the 2-year-old age group up to those born in 1964, (4)communication and promotion, (5)uniform national outbreak control, and (6)targeted surveillance.
1184. [Vaccination coverage against measles and sero-epidemiology of measles-specific IgG antibodies in German children and adolescents].
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- Measles is a vaccine-preventable disease that could be eliminated by global vaccination strategies with two-DOSE measles vaccination
- The measles immunization coverage (two DOSEs) obtained in the 2010 school entrance examinations was 91.5 %
- The timeliness of the two-DOSE measles immunization increased from 41 % (birth cohorts 2001/2002) to 66 % (birth cohorts 2006/2008)
1185. Which newborns missed the hepatitis B birth dose vaccination among U.S. children?
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- Hepatitis B birth DOSE vaccination is a critical step in preventing perinatal hepatitis B virus infection
- This study assesses the prevalence of children who missed the birth DOSE of hepatitis B vaccination and identifies socio-demographic factors associated with non-receipt of the birth DOSE among children in the United States
- 39.2% of children missed the birth DOSE of hepatitis B vaccination
- Children who reside in states without a universal hepatitis B vaccine supply policy, are not covered by health insurance, and have only 1 vaccination provider are significantly associated with non-receipt of the birth DOSE hepatitis B vaccination
- Children who reside in states without a universal hepatitis B vaccine supply policy, and who are not covered by health insurance are two important modifiable risk factors for not receiving the birth DOSE hepatitis B vaccination
1186. Risk factors for non-initiation of the human papillomavirus vaccine among adolescent survivors of childhood cancer.
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- Among cancer survivors, 32.6% initiated and 17.9% completed the three-DOSE vaccine series, whereas 34.3% and 20.0% of controls initiated and completed, respectively
1187. Evaluation of intravenous anthrax immune globulin for treatment of inhalation anthrax.
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- In the clinical study, safety, tolerability, and PK were evaluated in three DOSE cohorts (3.5, 7.1, and 14.2 mg/kg of body weight of anti-PA IgG) with 30 volunteers per cohort
- The elimination half-life of AIGIV in rabbits, nonhuman primates (NHPs), and humans following intravenous infusion was estimated to be approximately 4, 12, and 24 days, respectively, and DOSE proportionality was observed
- In these trigger-based intervention studies, AIGIV induced up to 75% survival in rabbits depending on the DOSE and severity of toxemia at the time of treatment
1188. Intussusception risk and disease prevention associated with rotavirus vaccines in Australia's National Immunization Program.
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- Based on 306 confirmed cases of IS, the relative incidence of IS in the 1-7-day period after the first vaccine DOSE, was 6.8 (95% confidence interval, 2.4-19.0; P < .001) for RV1, and 9.9 (95% confidence interval, 3.7-26.4; P < .001) for RV5
- There was a smaller increased risk 1-7 days after the second DOSE of each vaccine
1189. HI-6 modulates immunization efficacy in a BALB/c mouse model.
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- Antibody production was investigated after either 21 or 65 days when either single or repeated DOSE of antigen was applied
- We confirmed that HI-6 significantly improved vaccination efficacy when KLH was given in a DOSE of 1mg/kg
- The effect was DOSE dependent
1190. Hepatitis B prophylaxis using lamivudine and individualized low-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin in living donor liver transplantation.
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- The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a prophylactic regimen using lamivudine and individualized low-DOSE intramuscular hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) in LDLT
- Lamivudine and individualized low-DOSE intramuscular HBIG provides effective prophylaxis against HBV recurrence after LDLT
1191. Predictors of three dose on-time compliance with HPV4 vaccination in a disadvantaged, underserved, safety net population in the US Midwest.
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- HPV4 is approved as a series of three timed DOSEs expected to result in efficacy against specific HPV infections
- The aim of this study was to determine how the patient-, clinic- and systems-level characteristics facilitate or hinder the timely completion of three HPV4 DOSEs in both adolescent and adult female populations in a high-risk safety net population
- This is a retrospective study in which patient-, clinic- and systems-level data are abstracted from the electronic medical record (EMR) for all females 10-26 years of age receiving at least one DOSE of HPV4 between July 1, 2006 and October 1, 2009
- Adults were more likely to complete the three DOSE series if they had at least one health care visit in addition to their HPV4 visit, (aOR = 1.54 (95% CI:1.10, 2.15)
- Adults were less likely to complete the three DOSE series if they received their second HPV4 DOSE at an acute health care, preventive care or postpartum visits compared to an HPV4-only visit (aOR = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.72), 0.12 (0.04, 0.35), 0.30 (0.14, 0.62), respectively)
- 39% of adolescents who completed two DOSEs completed the series
1192. A randomized trial of a hepatitis care coordination model in methadone maintenance treatment.
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- Compared with the control group, intervention group participants were significantly more likely (odds ratio [OR] = 41.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 19.4, 90.0) to receive their first vaccine DOSE within 30 days and to receive an HCV evaluation within 6 months (OR = 4.10; 95% CI = 2.35, 7.17)
1193. Exosomes carrying mycobacterial antigens can protect mice against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
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1194. Efficacy and safety of ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma patients surviving more than 2 years following treatment in a phase III trial (MDX010-20).
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- New onset, low-grade events starting after administration of the last DOSE were infrequent
1195. DNA vaccines targeting the encoded antigens to dendritic cells induce potent antitumor immunity in mice.
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- More importantly, in combination with temporary depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg) by low-DOSE cyclophosphamide, vaccination with scFvNLDC-145-HER2/neu induced the regression of established D2F2/E2 breast tumor and significantly retarded the development of spontaneous mammary carcinomas in transgenic BALB-neuT mice
1196. Therapeutic immunization and local low-dose tumor irradiation, a reinforcing combination.
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- Here, we report how local low-DOSE irradiation, alone or with a therapeutic immunization based on Semliki Forest virus (SFV) against human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer, influences these immune mechanisms
- Local low-DOSE tumor irradiation alone resulted in a 2-fold increase of intratumoral CD8+ T cells
- This study demonstrates that local low-DOSE tumor irradiation influences the intratumoral immune population induced by SFVeE6,7 immunization by a strong increase in the ratio of antitumoral to immune suppressive cells, thus changing the intratumoral immune balance in favor of antitumor activity.
1197. Side effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the treatment of intermediate- and high-risk Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the bladder: results of the EORTC genito-urinary cancers group randomised phase 3 study comparing one-third dose with full dose and 1 year with 3 years of maintenance BCG.
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- The objective was to determine whether reducing the DOSE or duration of BCG was associated with fewer side effects
- Efficacy comparisons of one-third DOSE versus full DOSE BCG given for 1 yr versus 3 yr have previously been published
- After transurethral resection, patients with intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC without carcinoma in situ were randomised to one-third DOSE or full DOSE BCG and 1 yr or 3 yr of maintenance
- No significant differences in side effects were detected according to DOSE or duration of BCG treatment in the four arms
1198. Vaccination protects rats from methamphetamine-induced impairment of behavioral responding for food.
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- During weeks 14-16, when antibody titers and METH affinity (K(d)=13.9 ± 1.7 nM) were maximal, all rats received progressively higher METH DOSEs (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) every 3-4 days, followed by behavioral testing
- Even though the lower METH DOSEs from 0.3 to 1.0 mg/kg produced no impairment in food maintained behavior, 3.0-mg/kg in control rats showed significantly (p<0.05) reduced response rates and number of reinforcers earned, as well as reduced food intake
- In sharp contrast, the IC(KLH)-SMO9 group showed no changes in food maintained behavior at any METH DOSE, even though METH serum concentrations showed profound increases due to anti-METH antibody binding
- These findings suggest the IC(KLH)-SMO9 vaccine is effective and safe at reducing adverse METH-induced effects, even at high METH DOSEs.
1199. In ovo vaccination of commercial broilers with a glycoprotein J gene-deleted strain of infectious laryngotracheitis virus.
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- A novel gJ-deleted virus (N(delta)gJ) was constructed, and a 10(3) median tissue culture infective DOSE administered at 18 days of embryo age was considered safe because it did not affect hatchability or survivability of chickens during the first week posthatch
1200. A targeted and adjuvanted nanocarrier lowers the effective dose of liposomal amphotericin B and enhances adaptive immunity in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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- major mouse model and analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of low-DOSE PDD/LAmB vs full DOSE LAmB
- PDD reduced the effective DOSE and toxicity of LAmB and resulted in elicitation of strong parasite specific T-cell responses
- A reduced effective therapeutic DOSE was achieved by selective LAmB delivery to APC, bypassing bystander cells, reducing toxicity and inducing antiparasite immunity.
1201. Adenoviral vector expressing murine β-defensin 2 enhances immunogenicity of an adenoviral vector based H5N1 influenza vaccine in aged mice.
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- Over the years several strategies such as increasing the vaccine DOSE, number of immunizations and using adjuvants have been evaluated to improve the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines in the older adult population
1202. A single immunization with MVA expressing GnGc glycoproteins promotes epitope-specific CD8+-T cell activation and protects immune-competent mice against a lethal RVFV infection.
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- Following lethal challenge with live RVFV, mice immunized with a single DOSE of the rMVA-Gn/Gc vaccine showed no viraemia or clinical manifestation of disease, but mounted RVFV neutralizing antibodies and glycoprotein specific CD8+ T-cell responses
1203. Glycoprotein B (gB) vaccines adjuvanted with AS01 or AS02 protect female guinea pigs against cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia and offspring mortality in a CMV-challenge model.
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- Fifty-two GPCMV-seronegative female guinea pigs were administered three vaccine DOSEs before being mated
- All vaccines were highly immunogenic after two and three DOSEs
- Both adjuvanted vaccines were highly immunogenic after two DOSEs, in contrast to the lower immunogenicity of the unadjuvanted vaccine
1204. Vaccination with recombinant NetB toxin partially protects broiler chickens from necrotic enteritis.
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- Birds immunized with rNetB were significantly protected against necrotic enteritis when challenged with a mild oral DOSE of virulent bacteria, but were not protected when a more robust challenge was used
1205. Long-term protective immunity from an influenza virus-like particle vaccine administered with a microneedle patch.
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- Microneedle vaccination of mice in the skin induced 100% protection against lethal challenge infection with influenza A/PR/8/34 virus 14 months after a single vaccine DOSE
1206. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics: news.
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- Recent advances in the development of immunotherapeutic mAbs for cancer New vaccine reduces malaria infection by 72% Bavarian Nordic's cancer immunotherapy shows promise in colorectal cancer Chinese HFMD vaccine shows high efficacy in Phase 3 Two-DOSE regimen of Merck's Gardasil looks effective Accelerating influenza vaccine development using synthetic biology A key role for gut microbes in vaccination Understanding of and attitudes towards vaccines: a study in teenagers.
1207. [Clinical efficacy and relative factors of dendritic cell-based tumor vaccination for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis].
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- The DOSE of DC vaccines had a significant correlation with CBR (OR = 5.98, 95% CI = 1.45-24.62, P = 0.01), but not the age of the patients (P = 0.53)
1208. Predictors of hepatitis B cure using gene therapy to deliver DNA cleavage enzymes: a mathematical modeling approach.
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- We conclude by describing experiments that can be used to validate the model, which will in turn provide vital information for DOSE selection for potential curative trials in animals and ultimately humans.
1209. Effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants by maternal influenza vaccination status.
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- Children are at greatest risk for pneumococcal infection in the first year of life and are not considered fully protected by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) until their third DOSE at 6 months of age
1210. Long-term immunogenicity of an AS03-adjuvanted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine in young and elderly adults: an observer-blind, randomized trial.
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- This study (NCT00979602) evaluated the immunogenicity and relative protective efficacy of one DOSE of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine with or without AS03 (an α-tocopherol oil-in-water emulsion based Adjuvant System)
- Four thousands and forty-eight healthy adults aged ≥ 18 years were randomized (1:1) to receive one DOSE of either the adjuvanted split virion (3.75 μg hemagglutinin antigen [HA]/AS03) or non-adjuvanted (15 μg HA) vaccine
- A single DOSE of either adjuvanted or non-adjuvanted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine induced protective HI antibody levels against the A/California/7/2009 strain that persisted through Month 6 in the 18-64 years population.
1211. Pre-clinical toxicity & immunobiological evaluation of DNA rabies vaccine & combination rabies vaccine in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
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- As per the regulatory requirements, the study was designed for acute (single DOSE - 14 days), sub-chronic (repeat DOSE - 28 days) and chronic (intended clinical DOSE - 120 days) toxicity tests using three DOSE levels, viz
- therapeutic, average (2x therapeutic DOSE) and highest DOSE (10 x therapeutic DOSE) exposure in monkeys
- No Observational Adverse Effects Level (NOAEL) of DRV is 1000 ug/DOSE (10 times of therapeutic DOSE) if administered on 0, 4, 7, 14, 28 th day
1212. Evolution of type 2 vaccine derived poliovirus lineages. Evidence for codon-specific positive selection at three distinct locations on capsid wall.
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- Partial sequences of 110 type 2 poliovirus strains isolated from sewage in Slovakia in 2003-2005, and most probably originating from a single DOSE of oral poliovirus vaccine, were subjected to a detailed genetic analysis
- Judging from this difference and from the rate of accumulation of synonymous transversions during the 22 month observation period, the relevant oral poliovirus vaccine DOSE had been administered to an unknown recipient more than 12 years earlier
1213. New directions for HIV vaccine development from animal models.
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- Further, the DOSE of challenge virus and the route of virus challenge can modify the efficacy of candidate vaccines in preclinical studies
1214. Maternal antibody induced by recombinant gp85 protein vaccine adjuvanted with CpG-ODN protects against ALV-J early infection in chickens.
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- The fertilized eggs from the vaccinated hens were hatched, the hatched chickens were challenged with 10(2.2) 50% tissue culture infective DOSE (TCID50) ALV-J on 1 day, and the maternal antibodies in the hatched chickens were examined regularly before and after the challenge
1215. Comparative cost-effectiveness of the quadrivalent and bivalent human papillomavirus vaccines: a transmission-dynamic modeling study.
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- Under base-case assumptions (vaccinating 10-year-old girls, 80% coverage, $95/DOSE), using the quadrivalent and bivalent vaccines is estimated to cost $15,528 [12,056;19,140] and $20,182 [15,531;25,240] per QALY-gained, respectively
- Under base-case assumptions, the maximum additional cost per DOSE for the quadrivalent vaccine to remain more cost-effective than the bivalent is $32 [17;46] (using a $40,000/QALY-gained threshold)
1216. Optimal schedule of bacillus calmette-guerin for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of comparative studies.
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- To explore the necessity of maintenance, efficacy of low-DOSE and superiority of various combination therapies of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in treatment of superficial bladder cancer (BCa)
- Significantly better recurrence-free survivals (RFS) were observed respectively in patients who received BCG maintenance, standard-DOSE and BCG plus epirubicin therapy comparing to those received induction, low-DOSE and BCG alone
- All patients with superficial BCa should be encouraged to accept BCG maintenance therapy with standard-DOSE if well tolerated
1217. Vaccines for preventing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhoea.
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- Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing use of vaccines to prevent ETEC with use of no intervention, a control vaccine (either an inert vaccine or a vaccine normally given to prevent an unrelated infection), an alternative ETEC vaccine, or a different DOSE or schedule of the same ETEC vaccine in healthy adults and children living in endemic regions, intending to travel to endemic regions, or volunteering to receive an artificial challenge of ETEC bacteria
1218. Assessment of health benefits and cost-effectiveness of 10-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Kenyan children.
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- We assumed a vaccine price of US$ 3.50 per DOSE
1219. Traditional and new influenza vaccines.
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- Cell culture, reverse genetics, and baculovirus expression technology allow for safe and scalable production, while adjuvants, DOSE variation, and alternate routes of delivery aim to improve vaccine immunogenicity
1220. Optimising Controlled Human Malaria Infection Studies Using Cryopreserved P. falciparum Parasites Administered by Needle and Syringe.
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- Given the DOSE response in infectivity seen with IM administration, further work should evaluate increasing DOSEs of PfSPZ Challenge IM to identify a dosing regimen that reliably infects 100% of participants
1221. Vaccination with Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted SIV DNA induces long-lasting humoral immune responses able to reduce SIVmac251 Viremia.
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- The efficacy of the immune responses was evaluated upon intrarectal challenge with low repeated DOSE SIVmac251
1222. Dissection of antibody specificities induced by yellow fever vaccination.
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- The live attenuated yellow fever (YF) vaccine has an excellent record of efficacy and one DOSE provides long-lasting immunity, which in many cases may last a lifetime
1223. Evaluation of the adjuvant effect of Salmonella-based Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin B subunits on the efficacy of a live Salmonella-delivered avian pathogenic Escherichia coli vaccine.
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- We also attempted to optimize the effective DOSE of the adjuvant
1224. Modeling the public health impact of malaria vaccines for developers and policymakers.
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- Assumed purchase price was $5 per DOSE and injection equipment and delivery costs were $0.40 per DOSE
- The model projects the number of DOSEs needed, uncomplicated and severe cases averted, deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, and cost to avert each
- In the demonstration scenario, based on a projected demand of 532 million DOSEs, the MVM estimated that 150 million uncomplicated cases of malaria and 1.1 million deaths would be averted over 10 years
1225. Effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines administered according to various schedules: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational data.
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- We summarized DOSE-specific VE estimates, where appropriate, using random effects meta-analysis
- Meta-analysis of case-control studies using community controls produced VE estimates against Hib meningitis of 55% (95% confidence interval: 2-80%, based on 3 studies), 96% (86-99%, 3 studies) and 96% (86-99%, 4 studies) after 1, 2 and 3 DOSEs of vaccines other than the polyribosyl ribitol phosphate outer membrane protein vaccine
- VE against invasive Hib disease in case-control studies was estimated as 59% (30-76%, 3 studies) and 97% (87-99%, 3 studies) for 1 and 3 DOSEs (insufficient data were identified to estimate 2-DOSE VE)
- Point estimates from 2 studies suggested VE>90% after 1 DOSE of the polyribosyl ribitol phosphate outer membrane protein vaccine, but meta-analysis was not possible
- Using data from 4 cohort studies, 3-DOSE VE was estimated as 94% (88-97%)
- Observational data suggest that ≥2 DOSEs of Hib vaccine are required for high effectiveness, but do not strongly favor any particular schedule.
1226. In vitro pharmacodynamics of gamithromycin against Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides Small Colony.
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1227. Missed opportunities for adolescent vaccination, 2006-2011.
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- The percentage of visits that were missed opportunities was 82% for MCV, 85% for Tdap, and 82% for the first HPV DOSE (HPV1), 63% for the second, and 71% for the third
1228. Background paper to the recommendation for routine rotavirus vaccination of infants in Germany.
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- The vaccines were considered safe, except for a slightly increased risk of intussusception shortly after the first DOSE, corresponding to 1-2 additional cases per 100,000 infants vaccinated (relative risk =1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68-2.14)
1229. Reactogenicity and safety of a liquid human rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) in healthy adults, children and infants in China: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase I studies.
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- Healthy adults aged 18-45 y (n=48) and children aged 2-6 y (n=50) received a single DOSE of the human RV vaccine or placebo
- Healthy infants (n=50) aged 6-16 weeks at the time of first vaccination received two oral DOSEs of the human RV vaccine or placebo according to a 0, 1 mo schedule
- In infants, blood samples were collected prior to vaccination and one month post-DOSE 2 to assess anti-RV IgA antibody concentrations using ELISA
- Stool samples were collected from all infants on the day of each vaccination, at 7 and 15 d after each vaccination and one month post-DOSE 2
- The anti-RV IgA antibody seroconversion rate in infants after two vaccine DOSEs was 86.7% (95% CI: 59.5-98.3)
1230. Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in immunocompromised adults.
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- One DOSE of PCV13 is more cost-effective for immunocompromised individuals than previous vaccination recommendations and may be more economically reasonable than current recommendations, depending on life expectancy and vaccine effectiveness in the immunocompromised.
1231. Markedly decreased antibody titers against hepatitis B in previously immunised children presenting with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
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- Although there is no evidence to support the introduction of a booster HBV DOSE in healthy children who mount low antibody response following immunisation, further studies are required to address this question in patients with JIA.
1232. Establishing the safety of influenza vaccine in egg-allergic individuals.
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- To date, approximately 4,315 patients have safely received 4,872 total DOSEs of TIV, including 656 EAI with severe egg allergy (including anaphylaxis to egg) who safely received 740 DOSEs of TIV
1233. Effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against vaccine-type invasive disease among children in Uruguay: an evaluation using existing data.
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- The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced into the routine immunization program in Uruguay in March 2008 with a 2-DOSE primary series (given at 2 and 4 months) plus a booster (at 12 months) and a catch-up campaign (two DOSEs given at 15 and 17 months)
- Among located case patients, 7 (16.3%) were age-eligible to have received at least one DOSE of PCV7
- Vaccine effectiveness was 91.3% (95% CI: 46.4, 98.6) for ≥ 1 PCV7 DOSEs and 94.8% (95% CI: 43.1, 99.5) for ≥ 2 PCV7 DOSEs
- Using existing data we demonstrated high effectiveness of PCV7 against VT-IPD in Uruguay-a middle-income country using a 2-DOSE primary series plus a booster DOSE and a limited catch-up campaign
1234. Strongly decreased risk of genital warts after vaccination against human papillomavirus: nationwide follow-up of vaccinated and unvaccinated girls in Denmark.
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- The relative risk of GWs among girls who had received at least 1 DOSE of vaccine compared with unvaccinated girls was 0.12, 0.22, 0.25, and 0.62 for those born in 1995-1996, 1993-1994, 1991-1992, and 1989-1990, respectively (P for trend < .0001)
1235. An open-label randomized clinical trial of prophylactic paracetamol coadministered with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and hexavalent diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, 3-component acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, inactivated poliovirus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine.
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- Healthy infants (N = 301) who received a 3-DOSE infant series of PCV-7 and DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib plus a toddler DOSE were randomly assigned 1:1 to prophylactic paracetamol (125 mg or 250 mg suppositories, based on body weight) at vaccination, and at 6-8 hour intervals thereafter, or a control group that received no paracetamol
- In the intent-to-treat population, paracetamol reduced the incidence of fever ≥38°C, but this reduction was only significant for the infant series, with computed efficacy of 43.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.4, 61.2), and not significant after the toddler DOSE (efficacy 15.9%; 95% CI: -19.9, 41.3); results were similar in the per protocol (PP) population
- After the toddler DOSE, paracetamol effectively reduced fever >39°C, reaching statistical significance in the PP population only (efficacy 79%; 95% CI: 3.9, 97.7)
- Paracetamol also reduced reactogenicity, but there were few significant differences between groups after any DOSE
1236. Effectiveness of monovalent rotavirus vaccine in Bolivia: case-control study.
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- To evaluate the effectiveness of two DOSEs of a monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1) against hospital admission for rotavirus in Bolivia
- Odds of antecedent vaccination between case patients and controls; effectiveness of vaccination ((1-adjusted odds ratio)×100), adjusted for age and other confounders; and stratified effectiveness by DOSE, disease severity, age group, and serotype
- The effectiveness of one DOSE of RV1 was 36% and 56%, respectively
1237. How French physicians manage with a future change in the primary vaccination of infants against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis? A qualitative study with focus groups.
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- Further changes are planned for 2013, including the withdrawal of one DOSE for primary vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, polio, pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae
1238. Preparing for the unexpected: the pivotal role of social and behavioral sciences in trials of biomedical HIV prevention interventions.
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- This range of efficacies probably results from the influence of multiple inputs and processes during trials, including the strength and target of the intervention, host factors, target population characteristics, level of HIV exposure, and intervention DOSE
- In particular, social and behavioral sciences provide the means for investigating and identifying populations suitable for recruitment into and retention in trials and for developing and improving measures of HIV exposure and intervention DOSE, all within the larger sociocultural context
1239. Factors associated with the immune response to hepatitis A vaccination in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
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- Protective antibody response was associated with a higher CD4/CD8 ratio (OR: 3.69, 95% CI 1.3-10.5) and having received two DOSEs of standard schedule (compared with patients receiving only one DOSE of the same schedule) (OR: 2.51, 95% CI 1.22-5.15)
- Three DOSEs of the rapidly accelerated schedule were not more effective than a single DOSE of 1440 EU (OR: 1.32, 95% CI 0.48-3.63)
- The low responses observed in patients receiving a single DOSE suggest the need to emphasize adhesion to vaccination protocols to avoid failure
- Likewise, the sub-optimal effectiveness of three DOSEs of 720 EU in the rapidly accelerated schedule, if confirmed in future studies, might lead to a revision of the current schedule recommended for HIV-infected travellers.
1240. Needle stick injuries--risk and preventive factors: a study among health care workers in tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan.
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- Having received booster DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine (p 0.02: OR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.10-3.11), working in surgical specialty (p < 0.01: OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.09-2.51) and being a female (p 0.03: OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.04-2.22) were also found to be associated with NSIs
1241. Treatment of non muscle invasive bladder tumor related to the problem of bacillus Calmette-Guerin availability. Consensus of a Spanish expert's panel. Spanish Association of Urology.
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- In tumors with high risk of progression, immediate cystectomy should be considered when BCG is not available, with DOSE reduction or alternating with chemotherapy as methods to economize on the use of BCG when availability is reduced
1242. Protection of Chinese painted quails (Coturnix chinensis) against a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus strain after vaccination.
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- Chinese painted quails immunized with a single DOSE (6 μg HA) of inactivated H5N1 (clade 1) influenza vaccine NIBRG-14 and challenged with 100 LD50 of the heterologous A/Swan/Nagybaracska/01/06(H5N1) (clade 2.2) strain were protected, whereas unvaccinated quails died after challenge
1243. Impact of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody on dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccine efficacy in a murine melanoma model.
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- Lastly, our data provide proof of principle that combination treatment with mAb PC61 and systemic IL-12 can lower the DOSE of IL-12 necessary to obtain maximal therapeutic efficacy
1244. [Decision tree and cost-benefit analysis on strategies related to preventing maternal-infantile transmission of hepatitis B virus infection].
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- DOSE and the number of injections of HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine were taken into consideration in the model
1245. Meta-analysis of variables affecting mouse protection efficacy of whole organism Brucella vaccines and vaccine candidates.
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- Our ANOVA analysis indicated that nine variables contributed significantly (P-value < 0.05) to Brucella vaccine protection efficacy: vaccine strain, vaccination host (mouse) strain, vaccination DOSE, vaccination route, challenge pathogen strain, challenge route, challenge-killing interval, colony forming units (CFUs) in mouse spleen, and CFU reduction compared to control group
- The other 10 variables (e.g., mouse age, vaccination-challenge interval, and challenge DOSE) were not found to be statistically significant (P-value > 0.05)
1246. Protective immunity induced by a DNA vaccine-encoding Toxoplasma gondii microneme protein 11 against acute toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice.
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- The vaccination also increased the survival rate of immunized mice when they were challenged with a lethal DOSE of tachyzoites of T
1247. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of cold-adapted X-31 live attenuated pre-pandemic H5N1 influenza vaccines.
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- In mice, a single DOSE of immunization with each of the two vaccines was highly immunogenic inducing high titers of serum viral-neutralizing and hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibodies against the homologous H5N1 strain
1248. An electrochemiluminescence assay for analysis of rabies virus glycoprotein content in rabies vaccines.
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1249. Sustained protection in mice immunized with fractional doses of Salmonella Enteritidis core and O polysaccharide-flagellin glycoconjugates.
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- Mice were immunized with three DOSEs of either 10 µg, 2.5 µg (full DOSE), 0.25 µg, or 0.025 µg S
- Passive transfer of immune sera from mice immunized with the highest DOSE of COPS:FliC to naïve mice was also protective, demonstrating the role of antibodies in mediating protection
1250. Efficacy and safety of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in Japan: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial.
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- This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 3-DOSE regimen of RV5 in healthy infants, age 6 to 12 weeks, at 32 sites across Japan
1251. Progress in Brucella vaccine development.
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- The performance of these animal vaccines is dependent upon the host species, DOSE, and route of immunization
1252. Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis.
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- Clonidine increased the chances of quitting (RR 1.63; 95% CI 1.22 to 2.18), but this was offset by a DOSE-dependent rise in adverse events
1253. Evaluation of an alternative dosing regimen of a J-5 mastitis vaccine against intramammary Escherichia coli challenge in nonlactating late-gestation dairy cows.
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- Cows received a first DOSE of bacterin 15 d before dry off, a second DOSE with the same product at the day of dry off, and the third DOSE 2 wk after dry off
1254. [Pertussis in fully vaccinated infants and children. Are new vaccination strategies required?].
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- Forty-four (21.5%) children were between 2 and 5months of age and had received 1-2vaccine DOSEs
- One hundred and seventeen (57%) children were fully vaccinated; 76.9% (90cases) had received the last DOSE less than 4years ago
- More than half (57%) of the patients were fully vaccinated, and 76.9% had received the last DOSE in the previous 4years
1255. [Treatment outcome of intrarenal Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for carcinoma in situ of the upper urinary tract].
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- BCG at half the DOSE (40.5 mg or 40 mg) in 40ml saline was instilled into the bladder weekly for 6 or 8 weeks as one course
1256. [A study on the HA amount of HA influenza vaccination on efficacy and safety in infants].
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- We examined the efficacy and safety of inactivated influenza vaccine when the amount of HA influenza vaccination in children was increased to the DOSE recommended by the WHO
- The purpose of this study was to obtain basic evidence to review the vaccination DOSE in Japanese children
- HA influenza vaccine produced by the Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (Biken) licenced in Japan was administered through vaccination at the international DOSE, and split HA influenza vaccine produced by Sanofi Pasteur corp
- Children from 6 months to less than 13 years of age were registered, and vaccinated with DOSEs of 0.25 mL or 0.5 mL
- Paired serum HI and NT antibody titers were measured at pre first DOSE and post second DOSE of vaccination
- From the above-mentioned results, vaccination with the Japanese Biken vaccine at an international DOSE was thought to be an effective and safe procedure.
1257. Protective and anti-pathology effects of Sm fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase-based DNA vaccine against schistosoma mansoni by changing route of injection.
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- Two weeks after the last booster DOSE, all mice groups were infected with 80 S
1258. Virus-like particle vaccine protects against H3N2 canine influenza virus in dog.
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- The vaccine was tested at 3 different DOSEs with an adjuvant and 1 DOSE without an adjuvant
- The experimental infection study showed that a single DOSE of H3 HA VLP vaccine induced protection against wild-type virus challenge in dogs
1259. Pharmacology update in adolescents: contraception and human papillomavirus vaccination.
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- Research is ongoing for a 2-DOSE vaccine to improve vaccination rates while maintaining efficacy
1260. Assessment of heterogeneity of efficacy of a three-dose regimen of a type III secreted protein vaccine for reducing STEC O157 in feces of feedlot cattle.
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- Our objectives were to perform a meta-analysis to estimate efficacy of a three-DOSE regimen of TTSP vaccine at reducing the presence of STEC O157 in the feces of feedlot cattle and to test factors that might modify vaccine efficacy
- Adjusting for study, cattle in pens receiving three DOSEs of vaccine were less likely to shed STEC O157 (odds ratio=0.46, p<0.0001)
- We concluded that a three-DOSE regimen type III secreted protein vaccine was efficacious at reducing the probability of detecting STEC O157 in the feces of cattle and that vaccine efficacy was not modified by study or level of prevalence observed in control pens.
1261. Mice transgenic for CD4-specific human CD4, CCR5 and cyclin T1 expression: a new model for investigating HIV-1 transmission and treatment efficacy.
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- Treatment with highly active anti-retroviral therapy or one DOSE of VRC01, a broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibody, almost completed inhibited acute systemic HIV-1 infection of the hCD4/R5/cT1 mice
1262. A mouse model of Acinetobacter baumannii-associated pneumonia using a clinically isolated hypervirulent strain.
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- Moreover, intranasal immunization of mice with formalin-fixed LAC-4 protected 40% of mice from a lethal (100× 100% lethal DOSE) intraperitoneal challenge
1263. Functional evaluation of malaria Pfs25 DNA vaccine by in vivo electroporation in olive baboons.
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- The results showed that at a DOSE of 2.5mg DNA vaccine, antibody responses were significantly enhanced with EP as compared to without EP resulting in effective transmission blocking efficiency
- Similar immunogenicity enhancing effect of EP was also observed with lower DOSEs (0.5mg and 1mg) of DNA plasmids
- Further, final boosting with a single DOSE of recombinant Pfs25 protein resulted in dramatically enhanced antibody titers and significantly increased functional transmission blocking efficiency
1264. Hepatitis B virus vaccination in children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome: immunogenicity and safety?
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- Patients were divided into 3 subgroups:full DOSE steroid users, alternate-day steroid users and steroid non-users
- We recommend HBVac to SSNS children with low DOSE steroid therapy or after steroids are discontinued.
1265. Immunogenicity and safety of pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide and free polysaccharide vaccines alone or combined in HIV-infected adults in Brazil.
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- A PPV23 DOSE after PCV7 did not enhance immunogenicity
1266. Molecular characterization of a H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus clade 2.3.2.1b circulating in Vietnam in 2011.
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- The birds were either vaccinated with a single or booster DOSE of vaccine by subcutaneous injection; then challenged with three H5N1 HPAI viruses (clade 1, clade 2.3.2.1a and clade 2.3.2.1b) at day 21 post-vaccination (p
1267. Effect of a monovalent vaccine against Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strain hardjobovis on fertility in Holstein dairy cattle.
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- At the end of their lactation period, cows received 2 DOSEs of the vaccine or placebo, 28 to 35 days apart, with the initial DOSE administered in conjunction with oxytetracycline
- Heifers received the same treatments, with the second DOSE administered at least 2 weeks before their entrance into the heifer breeding pen
1268. Efficacy of the trivalent influenza vaccination in Thai patients with hemodialysis or kidney transplant compared with healthy volunteers.
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- Each subject was injected intramuscularly with one DOSE (0.5 milliliter) of trivalent influenza vaccine containing viral strains recommended by the WHO for the 2011 influenza season (southern hemisphere)
- Those who were seronegative (SN) before testing positive after one DOSE of this vaccine were as follows: H1N1 (100.0%: 73.9%: 74.1%), H3N2 (66.7%: 86.4%: 34.8%) or B (58.3%: 66
1269. H9N2 avian influenza virus-induced conjunctivitis model for vaccine efficacy testing.
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- The conjunctivitis model may be useful for efficacy testing of AI vaccine due to a clinical symptom-based read of results, but further efficacy testings with different types, DOSEs of AI vaccines, and challenge viruses will be required to complete the evaluation of our model.
1270. PD-L1 blockade synergizes with IL-2 therapy in reinvigorating exhausted T cells.
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- We found that low-DOSE IL-2 administration alone enhanced CD8+ T cell responses in chronically infected mice
1271. Host and viral features of human dengue cases shape the population of infected and infectious Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
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- The 50% mosquito infectious DOSE for each of DENV-1-4 ranged from 6.29 to 7.52 log10 RNA copies/mL of plasma
1272. Determinants of suboptimal hepatitis B vaccine uptake among men in the Republic of Korea: where should our efforts be focused: results from cross-sectional study.
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- Only half (50.4%) of the men received one or more DOSE of the three-DOSE series of HBV vaccinations, and 32.5% received all three DOSEs
- It is important to develop strategic interventions targeted at less-educated men to increase uptake of a complete three-DOSE series of HBV vaccinations as a primary approach to preventing liver cancer.
1273. Intussusception after rotavirus vaccines reported to US VAERS, 2006-2012.
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- The DRR comparing the 3- to 6-day and the 0- to 2-day periods after RV5 DOSE 1 was 3.75 (95% confidence interval = 1.90 to 7.39)
- There was no significant increase in reporting after DOSE 2 or DOSE 3
- Over all 3 DOSEs, the excess risk of intussusception was 0.79 events (95% confidence interval = -0.04 to 1.62) per 100 000 vaccinations
- From the sensitivity analyses, we conclude that under a worst-case scenario, the DRR could be 5.00 and excess risk per 100 000 DOSEs could be 1.36
- We observed a persistent clustering of reported intussusception events 3 to 6 days after the first DOSE of RV5 vaccination
1274. Safety and immunogenicity of a novel multivalent OspA vaccine against Lyme borreliosis in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomised, dose-escalation phase 1/2 trial.
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- Between March 1, 2011, and May 8, 2012, we did a double-blind, randomised, DOSE-escalation phase 1/2 study at four sites in Austria and Germany
- 300 participants were randomly assigned: 151 to adjuvanted vaccines (50 to 30 μg, 51 to 60 μg, and 50 to 90 μg DOSEs), and 149 to non-adjuvanted vaccines (50 to 30 μg, 49 to 60 μg, and 50 to 90 μg DOSEs)
- All DOSEs and formulations induced substantial mean IgG antibody titres against OspA serotypes 1-6 after the first three vaccinations (range 6944-17,321) and booster (19,056-32,824) immunisations
1275. Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy for recurrent, high grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer refractory or intolerant to bacille Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy.
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- Output beam power was adjusted to 1.8 W and the light DOSE was 15 J/cm(2)
1276. A multicenter randomized phase IIb efficacy study of Vx-001, a peptide-based cancer vaccine as maintenance treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: treatment rationale and protocol dynamics.
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- Patients will receive the cancer vaccine Vx-001 + Montanide ISA51 VG (Seppic, Paris, France) adjuvant subcutaneously, at a DOSE of 2 mg, or placebo + Montanide ISA51 VG adjuvant subcutaneously
1277. Cellular immunotherapy for plasma cell myeloma.
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- Strategies under development include infusion of vaccine-primed and ex vivo expanded/costimulated autologous T cells after high-DOSE melphalan, genetic engineering of autologous T cells with receptors for myeloma-specific epitopes, administration of DC/plasma cell fusions and administration expanded marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes
1278. New treatment options for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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- Sipuleucel therapy entails leukapheresis procedures for the collection of autologous cells used in DOSE preparation, requiring careful planning and coordination of care
1279. A randomised controlled trial of financial incentives to increase hepatitis B vaccination completion among people who inject drugs in Australia.
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- This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of modest financial incentives in increasing completion of an accelerated 3-DOSE hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination schedule (0, 7, 21days) among people who inject drugs (PWID)
- Participants were randomly allocated to receive $30 Australian Dollars cash following receipt of vaccine DOSEs two and three ('incentive condition'), or standard care ('control condition')
- Compared to the control condition, significantly more participants in the incentive condition received all three vaccine DOSEs, under intention-to-treat analyses (n=139; 87% versus 66%; p=.004); and within the specified window periods under per protocol analyses (n=107 received three vaccine DOSEs; 92% versus 67%; p=.001)
- Modest financial incentives, per-DOSE, increased adherence to the accelerated HBV vaccination schedule among PWID
1280. Toll-like receptor agonists: current status and future perspective on their utility as adjuvants in improving anticancer vaccination strategies.
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- Although these have resulted in the US FDA approval of three TLR agonists for use in humans, their abundant application encounters limitations, principally due to DOSE-limiting toxicity evoking from systemic cytokine production
1281. 2009 A(H1N1) seroconversion rates and risk factors among the general population in Vientiane Capital, Laos.
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- Participants with lower baseline titres had significantly higher infection rates, with a DOSE-effect relationship
1282. A single-dose PLGA encapsulated protective antigen domain 4 nanoformulation protects mice against Bacillus anthracis spore challenge.
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- Currently available anthrax vaccines have issues of the multiple booster DOSE requirement, adjuvant-associated side effects and stability
- We hypothesized that the delivery of a stable immunogenic domain 4 of protective antigen (PAD4) of Bacillus anthracis encapsulated in a poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)--an FDA approved biocompatible and biodegradable material, may alleviate the problems of booster DOSE, adjuvant toxicity and stability associated with anthrax vaccines
- Mice were immunized with single DOSE of PAD4-NP or recombinant PAD4
- When we compared the efficacy of this single-DOSE vaccine nanoformulation PAD4-NP with that of the recombinant PAD4 in providing protective immunity against a lethal challenge with Bacillus anthracis spores, the median survival of PAD4-NP immunized mice was 6 days as compared to 1 day for PAD4 immunized mice (p<0.001)
- Thus, we demonstrate, for the first time, the possibility of the development of a single-DOSE and adjuvant-free protective antigen based anthrax vaccine in the form of PAD4-NP
1283. Dynamics analysis of a multi-strain cholera model with an imperfect vaccine.
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- A new two-strain model, for assessing the impact of basic control measures, treatment and DOSE-structured mass vaccination on cholera transmission dynamics in a population, is designed
- Numerical simulations of the model show that, with the expected 50% minimum efficacy of the first vaccine DOSE, vaccinating 55% of the susceptible population with the first vaccine DOSE will be sufficient to effectively control the spread of cholera in the community
- Such effective control can also be achieved if 50% of the first vaccine DOSE recipients take the second DOSE
1284. Pathogenesis of H9N2 virus in Chukar partridges.
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- Groups C and VC were inoculated with 0.4 ml allantoic fluid containing 10(7) median embryo infective DOSE/bird of A/Chicken/Iran/772/1998(H9N2) avian influenza virus
1285. Interferon alfa in the treatment paradigm for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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- BCG and IFN-α combination intravesical therapy has not been investigated thoroughly; based on available data, combination therapy appears to be most effective in patients with carcinoma in situ and may be preferentially considered as an alternative to radical cystectomy for patients with intermediate-risk or high-risk NMIBC who do not tolerate the standard BCG DOSE or experience BCG failure after 1 year of therapy
1286. Human papillomavirus vaccine and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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- In the reported cases, several common features were observed, such as personal or familial susceptibility to autoimmunity or adverse response to a prior DOSE of the vaccine, both of which may be associated with a higher risk of post-vaccination autoimmunity
1287. HIV-infected patients show impaired cellular immune response to influenza vaccination compared to healthy subjects.
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- We analyzed cellular (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α, GM-CSF) and humoral (IgG and IgM) immune response in 81 HIV-infected and 30 HIV-negative subjects, before (T0) and 4 weeks (T1) after receiving a single DOSE of trivalent MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine
1288. Is vaccination with quadrivalent HPV vaccine after loop electrosurgical excision procedure effective in preventing recurrence in patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2-3)?
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- The vaccination group received the first DOSE at 1 week after LEEP and the remaining two DOSEs two and six months later
1289. Cross-protective efficacy of recombinant transferrin-binding protein A of Haemophilus parasuis in guinea pigs.
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- First, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the protein were evaluated in guinea pigs by two subcutaneous immunizations with different DOSEs of Montanide IMS 206 VG adjuvant
- Subsequently, the data showed that guinea pigs immunized with a single DOSE (100 μg) were protected at levels of 80, 80, and 60% against LJ3, FX1, and another heterologous strain, SZ (serovar 14), respectively
1290. Treatment and prognosis in sinonasal mucosal melanoma: A retrospective analysis of 65 patients from a single cancer center.
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1291. New Wisdom to Defy an Old Enemy: Summary from a scientific symposium at the 4th Influenza Vaccines for the World (IVW) 2012 Congress, 11 October, Valencia, Spain.
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- Specific topics reviewed and discussed included new vaccine development efforts focused on improving efficacy via alternative administration routes, DOSE modifications, improved adjuvants, and the use of master donor viruses
- New adjuvants, such as ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant, were noted to provide single-DOSE, prolonged protection with seasonal vaccine after lethal H5N1 virus challenge in a ferret model of human influenza disease
1292. Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of two doses of a tetravalent rotavirus vaccine RRV-TV in Ghana with the first dose administered during the neonatal period.
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- Oral rhesus/rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine (RRV-TV) was licensed in 1998 but withdrawn in 1999 due to a rare association with intussusception, which occurred disproportionately in infants receiving their first DOSE at ≥90 days of age
- This study examined RRV-TV for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RV-GE) in Ghana, West Africa, with infants receiving the first DOSE during the neonatal period and the second before 60 days of age
- In a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Navrongo, Ghana, we recruited neonates to receive 2 DOSEs of RRV-TV or placebo and followed them to age 12 months
- RRV-TV in a 2-DOSE schedule with the first DOSE during the neonatal period is efficacious in preventing RV-GE in rural Ghana
1293. Phase I trial of RV3-BB rotavirus vaccine: a human neonatal rotavirus vaccine.
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- A single-centre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled Phase I study evaluated the safety and tolerability of a single oral DOSE of the second generation RV3-BB rotavirus vaccine (8.3×10(6)FFU/mL) in 20 adults, 20 children and 20 infants (10 vaccine and 10 placebo per age cohort)
- Vaccine take was defined as seroconversion (a 3-fold increase in serum anti-rotavirus IgA or serum neutralising antibody (SNA) from baseline at day 28 post-DOSE) or evidence of RV3-BB viral replication in the faeces by RT-PCR analysis 3-6 days post-vaccination
- In the infant cohort, vaccine take was demonstrated in 8/9 infants following a single DOSE of vaccine compared with 2/7 placebo recipients
- A single DOSE of RV3-BB rotavirus vaccine was well tolerated in adults, children and infants
- Most infants (8/9) who received RV3-BB demonstrated vaccine take following a single DOSE
1294. Immunotoxicity of perfluorinated alkylates: calculation of benchmark doses based on serum concentrations in children.
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- Benchmark DOSE results were calculated in terms of serum concentrations for 431 children with complete data using linear and logarithmic curves, and sensitivity analyses were included to explore the impact of the low-DOSE curve shape
- Under different linear assumptions regarding DOSE-dependence of the effects, benchmark DOSE levels were about 1.3 ng/mL serum for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and 0.3 ng/mL serum for perfluorooctanoic acid at a benchmark response of 5%
- Even lower results were obtained using logarithmic DOSE-response curves
- Assumption of no effect below the lowest observed DOSE resulted in higher benchmark DOSE results, as did a benchmark response of 10%
- The benchmark DOSE results obtained are in accordance with recent data on toxicity in experimental models
1295. T cell targeted strategies for improved efficacy and safety of specific immunotherapy for allergic disease.
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- In conventional SIT, high DOSE unfractionated allergen extracts are injected incrementally via the subcutaneous route
1296. MER5101, a novel Aβ1-15:DT conjugate vaccine, generates a robust anti-Aβ antibody response and attenuates Aβ pathology and cognitive deficits in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice.
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1297. Protection of IFNAR (-/-) mice against bluetongue virus serotype 8, by heterologous (DNA/rMVA) and homologous (rMVA/rMVA) vaccination, expressing outer-capsid protein VP2.
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- The vaccinated and non-vaccinated-control mice were subsequently challenged with a lethal DOSE of BTV-8
1298. Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides can improve the immune efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine in chicken.
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- The results showed that CMP40 and CMP50 at suitable DOSE could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation, enhance serum antibody titre, and improve serum interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 concentrations
1299. Differential profiles and inhibitory effect on rotavirus vaccines of nonantibody components in breast milk from mothers in developing and developed countries.
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- We demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of lactoferrin was DOSE- or species-dependent, as evidenced by greater reduction in titer of Rotarix and 116E by human lactoferrin
1300. Pharmacokinetic modeling as an approach to assessing the safety of residual formaldehyde in infant vaccines.
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- Model results indicated that following a single DOSE of 200 μg, formaldehyde is essentially completely removed from the site of injection within 30 min
1301. Determining the effectiveness of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus hospitalizations and emergency department visits using two study designs.
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- Three DOSEs of RV5 were effective for preventing rotavirus-related hospitalizations and ED visits in each analysis, with VE estimated as 92% in all three analyses
- Two DOSEs of RV5 were also effective, with VE ranging from 79% to 83%
- A single DOSE was effective in the case-cohort analysis, but was not significant in either of the case-control analyses
- The case-cohort and the case-control study designs produced the same VE point estimates for completion of the three DOSE series
- Two and three DOSEs of RV5 were effective in preventing rotavirus-related hospitalizations and ED visits.
1302. Efficacy of sublingual vectorized recombinant Bet v 1a in a mouse model of birch pollen allergic asthma.
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- Both SLIT with soluble rBet v 1a (50μg/DOSE) and BP extract (equivalent to 50μg rBet v 1 per DOSE) lead to a significant reduction in AHR, lung eosinophilia and Th2 responses
- A sub-optimal DOSE of 5μg of rBet v 1a displays a similar level of efficacy with a significant decrease of Th2 responses when formulated with MPA microparticles
1303. A survey of US travelers to Asia to assess compliance with recommendations for the use of Japanese encephalitis vaccine.
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- Of these 415 higher JE risk travelers, only 47 (11%) reported receiving ≥ 1 DOSE of JE vaccine
1304. Extra-high dose hepatitis B vaccination for peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomised controlled trial.
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1305. Cross-protective vaccine efficacy of the bivalent HPV vaccine against HPV31 is associated with humoral immune responses: results from the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial.
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- Samples are from three-DOSE HPV vaccine recipients from the Costa Rica HPV16/18 vaccine trial
1306. Modeling low-dose mortality and disease incubation period of inhalational anthrax in the rabbit.
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- Combining animal data with computational models of disease will be central in the low-DOSE and cross-species extrapolations required in achieving this goal
- An initial aim was to parameterize the CR model using high-DOSE rabbit data and then conduct a low-DOSE extrapolation
- The CR low-DOSE attack rate was then compared against known low-DOSE rabbit data as well as the low-DOSE curve obtained when the entire rabbit DOSE-response data set was fitted to an exponential DOSE-response (EDR) model
- The CR model predictions demonstrated excellent agreement with actual low-DOSE rabbit data
- The MCR model predicted a germination period of 14.5h following exposure to a low spore DOSE, which was confirmed by monitoring spore germination in the rabbit lung using PCR, and predicted a low-DOSE disease incubation period in the rabbit between 14.7 and 16.8 days
- These results are discussed in the context of conducting laboratory studies in other relevant animal models, combining the CR/MCR model with other computation models of inhalational anthrax, and using the resulting information towards extrapolating a low-DOSE response prediction for man.
1307. Introducing vaccination against serogroup B meningococcal disease: an economic and mathematical modelling study of potential impact.
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- We estimate 27% of meningococcal disease cases could be prevented over the lifetime of an English birth cohort by vaccinating infants at 2,3,4 and 12 months of age with a vaccine that prevents disease only; this strategy could be cost-effective at £9 per vaccine DOSE
- Substantial reductions in disease (71%) can be produced after 10 years by routinely vaccinating infants in combination with a large-scale catch-up campaign, using a vaccine which protects against carriage as well as disease; this could be cost-effective at £17 per vaccine DOSE
1308. Evaluation of a programme for prevention of vertical transmission of hepatitis B in a rural block in southern India.
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- Vaccine coverage for three DOSEs as per a recommended schedule (including a birth DOSE) was 70 per cent, while 82.4 per cent eventually received three DOSEs (including a birth DOSE)
- The prevalence of hepatitis B among antenatal women in this region was low and a programme of selective immunization was found to be feasible, achieving a high coverage for three DOSEs of the vaccine including a birth DOSE.
1309. Partial protective of chickens against Eimeria tenella challenge with recombinant EtMIC-1 antigen.
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- The anticoccidial index of the group immunized with 100 μg EtMIC-1 and the group immunized with 100 μg EtMIC-1-VD were 167.2 and 165.5, respectively, which are significantly higher than low-DOSE immunized groups and challenged control groups
1310. The effect of age and recent influenza vaccination history on the immunogenicity and efficacy of 2009-10 seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccination in children.
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- The efficacy of one DOSE of TIV in children 6-8 y of age against influenza B is uncertain
- One DOSE of TIV appeared to be efficacious against confirmed influenza B in children 6-8 y of age regardless of vaccination history
1311. Prokaryote-expressed M2e protein improves H9N2 influenza vaccine efficacy and protection against lethal influenza A virus in mice.
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- We also examined cross-protection against human H3N2 virus and found that the a-H9N2/1×M2e group displayed partial cross-protection against H3N2 (40% survival), whereas vaccine alone, 1×M2e alone, 4×M2e alone, or H9N2/1×M2e groups showed incomplete protection (0% survival) in response to challenge with a lethal DOSE of human H3N2 virus
1312. Long-term effectiveness of varicella vaccine: a 14-Year, prospective cohort study.
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- A second DOSE was recommended in the United States in June 2006
- A total of 2826 of these children received a second DOSE in 2006-2009
- No child developed varicella after a second DOSE
- One DOSE provided excellent protection against moderate to severe disease, and most cases occurred shortly after the cohort was vaccinated
1313. The impact of intravesical gemcitabine and 1/3 dose Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation therapy on the quality of life in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: results of a prospective, randomized, phase II trial.
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- We compared the quality of life of patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer who received adjuvant intravesical gemcitabine or 1/3 DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin
- Overall 61 patients received 2,000 mg/50 cc gemcitabine weekly for 6 weeks (maintenance monthly for 1 year) while 59 received 1/3 DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin Connaught weekly for 6 weeks (maintenance 3 weekly instillations at 3, 6 and 12 months)
- While a higher rate of side effects, albeit mild to moderate, was detected with 1/3 DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin compared to gemcitabine, our study failed to show significant differences between the 2 drugs in terms of quality of life.
1314. [An update on vaccines. Theory, realities and myths (and II) update in the Spanish vaccine schedule].
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- The Spanish Association of Paediatrics recommends: vaccinating against rotavirus from the sixth week, against papillomavirus in preadolescent girls, achieving universal pneumococcal protection, administering a second DOSE of varicella at 3-4 years, changing the indications of the pertussis vaccine and flu vaccine and hepatitis A risk
1315. Diagnosis and management of Clostridium difficile infection.
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- For treatment of first recurrences the drug used in the first bout can be used again and for second recurrences longer courses of vancomycin often are given in a tapered DOSE or intermittently to allow gut flora reconstitution, or other treatments including fidaxomicin may be used
1316. Efficacy of the vaccination in inflammatory bowel disease.
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- Modified dosing regimens, including doubling the standard antigen DOSE, might increase the effectiveness
1317. Transgenic parasites stably expressing full-length Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein as a model for vaccine down-selection in mice using sterile protection as an endpoint.
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- A minimal sporozoite challenge DOSE was established, and protection was defined as the absence of blood-stage parasites 14 days after intravenous challenge
- Constructs that induced high NANP repeat-specific antibody titers in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were protective, and the degree of protection was dependent on the antigen DOSE
1318. Observational study of vaccine efficacy 24 years after the start of hepatitis B vaccination in two Gambian villages: no need for a booster dose.
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- There is no compelling evidence for the use of a booster DOSE of HBV vaccine in The Gambia.
1319. Effects of pre-existing anti-carrier immunity and antigenic element multiplicity on efficacy of a modular virus-like particle vaccine.
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- Doubling of the J8i antigenic element number per VLP did not enhance J8i immunogenicity at a constant peptide DOSE
- However, the strategy, when used in conjunction with increased VLP DOSE, could effectively increase the peptide DOSE up to 10-fold, leading to a significantly higher J8i-specific antibody titer
- This study further supports feasibility of the MuPyV modular VLP vaccine platform by showing that, in the absence of adjuvant, modularized GAS antigenic peptide at a DOSE as low as 150 ng was sufficient to raise a high level of peptide-specific IgGs indicative of bactericidal activity.
1320. Adaptation of enterovirus 71 to adult interferon deficient mice.
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- Passive transfer of rabbit immune sera raised against the EV71 vaccine provided protection in a DOSE dependent manner in 15 day-old A129 mice
1321. Myeloablative temozolomide enhances CD8⁺ T-cell responses to vaccine and is required for efficacy against brain tumors in mice.
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- Our results show that high-DOSE, myeloablative (MA) TMZ resulted in markedly reduced CD4(+), CD8(+) T-cell and CD4(+)Foxp3(+) TReg counts
- Ex vivo analysis of effector functions revealed significantly enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from mice receiving MA TMZ when compared to those treated with a lower lymphodepletive, non-myeloablative (NMA) DOSE
1322. Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous prime-boost immunisation with Plasmodium falciparum malaria candidate vaccines, ChAd63 ME-TRAP and MVA ME-TRAP, in healthy Gambian and Kenyan adults.
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- We conducted two Phase Ib DOSE escalation clinical trials assessing the safety and immunogenicity of ChAd63-MVA ME-TRAP in 46 healthy malaria exposed adults in two African countries with similar malaria transmission patterns
1323. Clinical development of Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara vaccines.
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- The safety of MVA is now well documented, immunogenicity is influenced by the DOSE and vaccination regimen, and information on the efficacy of MVA-vectored vaccines is now beginning to accumulate.
1324. Hepatitis A vaccination coverage among adults 18-49 years traveling to a country of high or intermediate endemicity, United States.
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- We analyzed data from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), to determine self-reported HepA vaccination coverage (≥1 DOSE) and series completion (≥2 DOSE) among persons 18-49 years who traveled, since 1995, to a country of high or intermediate HAV endemicity
- Among travelers, HepA coverage and series completion (≥2 DOSEs) were higher for travelers 18-25 years (prevalence ratios 2.3, 2.8, respectively, P-values<0.001) and for travelers 26-39 years (prevalence ratios 1.5, 1.5, respectively, P-value<0.001, P-value=0.002, respectively) compared to travelers 40-49 years
1325. A model of dendritic cell therapy for melanoma.
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- In addition, in silico experiments suggest more effective immunotherapy treatment protocols can be achieved by modifying DOSE location and schedule
1326. Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
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- ACIP recommends routine vaccination with a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) for adolescents aged 11 or 12 years, with a booster DOSE at age 16 years
1327. Single-dose vaccination of a recombinant parainfluenza virus 5 expressing NP from H5N1 virus provides broad immunity against influenza A viruses.
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1328. Phase I trial of intravesical recombinant adenovirus mediated interferon-α2b formulated in Syn3 for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin failures in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.
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- Intravesical rAd-IFNα/Syn3 was well tolerated as no DOSE limiting toxicity was encountered
- High and prolonged DOSE related urine IFNα levels were achieved with the initial treatment
- Of the 14 patients treated at DOSEs of 10(10) or more particles per ml with detectable urine IFNα, 6 (43%) experienced a complete response at 3 months and 2 remained disease-free at 29.0 and 39.2 months, respectively
- Intravesical rAd-IFNα/Syn3 was well tolerated with no DOSE limiting toxicity encountered
- DOSE dependent urinary IFNα concentrations confirmed efficient gene transfer and expression
1329. Therapeutic effects of Salmonella typhi in a mouse model of T-cell lymphoma.
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- EL4 cells cultured with live Salmonella failed to proliferate and underwent apoptosis in a DOSE-dependent, time-dependent, and contact-dependent manner
1330. Assessment of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 as a post-exposure therapy to protect against respiratory tularemia in mice.
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1331. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of a human rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) in Hong Kong children up to three years of age: a randomized, controlled trial.
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- Healthy infants aged 6-12 weeks were enrolled between 08-December-2003 and 31-August-2005 and received two oral DOSEs of either RIX4414 vaccine (N=1513) or placebo (N=1512) given 2 months apart
- Vaccine efficacy was assessed from two weeks post-DOSE 2 until the children were two and three years of age
- Anti-rotavirus IgA seroconversion rate was calculated pre-vaccination and 1-2 months post-DOSE 2 using ELISA (cut-off=20 U/mL) for 100 infants
- The seroconversion rate 1-2 months after the second DOSE of RIX4414 was 97.5% (95% CI: 86.8%-99.9%)
1332. Preventive and therapeutic DNA vaccination partially protect dogs against an infectious challenge with Trypanosoma cruzi.
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- Mongrel dogs were immunized with two DOSEs of 500 μg of DNA vaccine, two weeks apart, and infected with T
- cruzi (SylvioX10/4 strain) two weeks after the second vaccine DOSE
1333. An adenovirus vectored mucosal adjuvant augments protection of mice immunized intranasally with an adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus subunit vaccine.
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- The vaccine plus Ad5-LTR72 group also demonstrated 100% survival after intradermal challenge with a lethal DOSE of homologous FMDV serotype A24
1334. Modeling of cost effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination strategies in U.S. older adults.
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- In those aged 65 years, single-DOSE PCV13 cost $11,300 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained compared to no vaccination; at ages 65 and 80 years, PCV13 cost $83,000/QALY
- In those aged 75 years, single-DOSE PCV13 cost $62,800/QALY gained
- In hyporesponsiveness scenarios, cost-effectiveness ratios increased by 37%-78% for single-DOSE strategies and 29%-35% for multiple-DOSE strategies
- Single-DOSE PCV13 strategies are likely to be economically reasonable in older adults.
1335. Antitumor effects of L-BLP25 antigen-specific tumor immunotherapy in a novel human MUC1 transgenic lung cancer mouse model.
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- Using a novel human MUC1 transgenic (hMUC1.Tg) lung cancer mouse model, we evaluated effects of L-BLP25 combined with low-DOSE cyclophosphamide (CPA) pretreatment on Th1/Th2 cytokine production and antitumor activity
- A chemically-induced lung tumor model was developed in hMUC1.Tg C57BL/6 mice by administering 10 weekly 0.75-mg/g DOSEs of the chemical carcinogen urethane by intraperitoneal injection
- A single cycle of L-BLP25 consisting of eight weekly DOSEs was ineffective, whereas adding a second cycle given during tumor progression showed a significant reduction in the incidence of tumor foci
- Administering two cycles of L-BLP25 induced Th1 cytokines IL-12, IL-2 and IFNγ at 24 h after the last DOSE, while Th2 and inflammatory cytokines were elevated to a lesser extent
1336. Reduced risk of pertussis among persons ever vaccinated with whole cell pertussis vaccine compared to recipients of acellular pertussis vaccines in a large US cohort.
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- In patients with a full history of vaccinations administered by KP, those with 5 total DOSEs of only aP had an 8.57 relative risk (RR) of pertussis (P < .0001) contrasted to those with ≥1 wP DOSE
- With 6 DOSEs of aP, the RR of disease was 3.55 (P < .0001)
- This risk was mitigated, but not eliminated, by the presence of a sixth DOSE of pertussis vaccine (Tdap)
- Receipt of 1 or more wP DOSEs markedly augmented the durability of immunity from subsequent aP DOSEs
1337. Immunogenicity, efficacy, safety, and mechanism of action of epitope vaccine (Lu AF20513) for Alzheimer's disease: prelude to a clinical trial.
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1338. Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness: a Swedish national cohort study.
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- Vaccination effectiveness was 76% (95% CI = 73% to 79%) among those who received three DOSEs of the vaccine with their first DOSE before age 20 years
1339. Human papillomavirus vaccine coverage among females aged 11 to 17 in Texas counties: an application of multilevel, small area estimation.
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- Multilevel (individual, county, public health region) random-intercept logit models were fit to HPV vaccination data (≥1 DOSE Gardasil) from the 2008 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
1340. Waning immunity to pertussis following 5 doses of DTaP.
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- To assess the risk of pertussis by time since vaccination in children in Minnesota and Oregon who received 5 DOSEs of acellular pertussis vaccines (DTaP)
- These cohort analyses included Minnesota and Oregon children born between 1998 and 2003 who had 5 DTaP DOSEs recorded in state Immunization Information Systems
- Incidence rates and risk ratios for pertussis were calculated for the 6 years after receipt of the fifth DTaP DOSE
- This evaluation reports steady increase in risk of pertussis in the years after completion of the 5-DOSE DTaP series
1341. Identifying high-risk areas for sporadic measles outbreaks: lessons from South Africa.
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- A Bayesian hierarchical Poisson model was used to investigate the association between the risk of measles in infants in a district and first-DOSE vaccination coverage, population density, background prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and expected failure of seroconversion
- The risk was also elevated when more than 20% of infants in a populous area had missed a first vaccine DOSE
1342. Efficacy evaluation of two synthetic lysine lipidated tripeptides as vaccine adjuvants against HBsAg.
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- Taken together, these results suggest that both these molecules are the potent enhancers of anti-HBsAg immune response via augmenting Th1/Th2 response in a DOSE dependent manner.
1343. Efficacy of single dose of a bivalent vaccine containing inactivated Newcastle disease virus and reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus against lethal HPAI and NDV infection in chickens.
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- We characterized the reverse genetics-derived reassortant HPAI H5N1 clade 2.5 vaccine strain by evaluating its growth kinetics in eggs, minimum effective DOSE in chickens, and cross-clade immunogenicity against HPAI clade 1 and 2
1344. Immunization with cholera toxin B subunit induces high-level protection in the suckling mouse model of cholera.
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- We recently demonstrated however that pups reared from mice immunized intraperitoneally (IP) with 3 DOSEs of recombinant CTB were well protected against a highly lethal challenge DOSE of V
- Serum and fecal extracts were analyzed for anti-CTB antibodies by quantitative ELISA, and pups born to immunized mothers were challenged orogastrically with a lethal DOSE of V
1345. Does increased hepatitis B vaccination dose lead to a better immune response in HIV-infected patients than standard dose vaccination: a meta-analysis?
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- Some reports have suggested that increased-DOSE vaccination improves immune response to HBV vaccine in HIV-infected patients
- To assess the efficacy of increased-DOSE HBV vaccination in HIV-infected patients, a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of clinical trials was conducted
- We only included trials that compared the response rate at completion of HBV vaccine schedules in patients who had increased-DOSE HBV vaccine courses with controls (standard-DOSE HBV vaccine vaccination schedule)
- Pooling of study results showed a significant increase in response rates among high-DOSE patients versus control patients; the pooled odds ratio (OR) was 1.96 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47; 2.61)
1346. Safety and efficacy studies on trivalent inactivated vaccines against infectious coryza.
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- The safety of six batches of the vaccine was confirmed by testing with chickens vaccinated with a single large DOSE or vaccinated repeatedly with a normal DOSE
1347. BCG-mediated bladder cancer immunotherapy: identifying determinants of treatment response using a calibrated mathematical model.
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- Specifically, we assessed the impact of (1) duration between resection and the first instillation; (2) BCG DOSE; (3) indwelling time; and (4) treatment interval of induction therapy - using cure rate as the primary endpoint
- Simulations of higher BCG DOSEs and longer indwelling times both improved the probability of tumor extinction
1348. Rubella in Israel after the MMR vaccine: elimination or containment?
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- Since 1996, after the full institution of the two-DOSE measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) regimen in Israel, rubella incidence has declined dramatically and has remained extremely low
1349. Adjuvanted influenza a (H1N1) 2009 vaccine in patients with hematological diseases: good safety and immunogenicity even in chemotherapy-treated patients.
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- Institutional guidelines recommended two DOSEs of AS03-adjuvanted influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic vaccine for these patients
- After the second vaccine DOSE, a total of 25 (81%) reached both protective levels of antibodies and seroconversion response
- Seroconversion was observed in 69% of 14 patients who had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and in all (9/9) patients with myeloma (five with ongoing treatment including high-DOSE corticosteroids)
1350. Environmental factors potentially associated with mumps transmission in yeshivas during a mumps outbreak among highly vaccinated students: Brooklyn, New York, 2009-2010.
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- During 2009-2010, a large US mumps outbreak occurred affecting two-DOSE vaccinated 9th-12th grade Orthodox Jewish boys attending all-male yeshivas (private, traditional Jewish schools)
- The average yeshiva attack rate was 14.5% (median: 13.5%, range: 1-31%), despite two-DOSE measles-mumps-rubella vaccine coverage between 90-100%
1351. Experimental human pneumococcal carriage.
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- The DOSEs required for colonization (10(4)-10(5)) are much lower than those used in animal models (10(7))
- Our current protocol has been safe in over 100 volunteers at a range of DOSEs using two different bacterial serotypes
- A DOSE ranging study using S
- pneumoniae 6B and 23F is currently being conducted to determine the optimal inoculation DOSE for 50% carriage
1352. [A full economic evaluation of extensive vaccination against rotavirus with RIX4414 vaccine at National and Regional level in Italy].
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- Two analysis have been made based on this model: a cost-utility analysis that compared vaccination with two DOSEs of RIX441410 administered at 2 and 3 months after birth compared with no vaccination from National Health Service and Society perspective; a budget impact analysis at National and Regional level
- Assuming that 90% of newborns receive two DOSEs of the vaccine, and including an additional effect of HI to the efficacy of the vaccine, vaccination would lead to a reduction of 71% of cases of Garv (176,804 cases in less) and a 86% of hospitalizations due to Garv (12,913 fewer cases), with an impact on quality of life and mortality as a consequence of vaccination
- The budget impact analysis at regional level, has taken a vaccine cost of € 30.00 per DOSE
- This study suggests that a universal vaccination anti-RV with 2 DOSEs of RIX4414 brings significant clinical and economic benefits both at National and Regional level
1353. Live attenuated seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine in school-age children: a randomized controlled trial.
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- Each child was randomly allocated in the ratio 3:2 to receive one DOSE of live attenuated monovalent H1N1pdm09 vaccine or saline placebo between November 2009 and January 2010, followed after 3-10 weeks by independent random allocation to one DOSE of live attenuated trivalent 2009-10 seasonal influenza vaccine or saline placebo in the same ratio
1354. A DNA prime-protein boost vaccination strategy targeting turkey coronavirus spike protein fragment containing neutralizing epitope against infectious challenge.
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- Turkeys were vaccinated by priming with either one DOSE (G1-750DP) or two DOSEs (G3-750DDP) of 750μg DNA vaccine expressing 4F/4R S fragment and boosting with one DOSE of 200μg 4F/4R S fragment
- One DOSE of 100μg DNA vaccine mixed with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and sodium hyaluronate (HA) followed by one DOSE of 750μg DNA vaccine and one DOSE of 200μg 4F/4R S fragment were given to the turkeys in group G2-100DPH
- Comparing to the turkeys in G1-750DP, significantly less TCoV were detected by IFA in the turkeys in G2-100DPH receiving an extra DOSE of 100μg DNA mixed with PEI and HA
1355. Vaccine Platforms to Control Arenaviral Hemorrhagic Fevers.
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- In endemic areas, where most of the target population is poor and many live far from health care facilities, a single-DOSE vaccination with ML29 would be ideal solution
1356. Successes, failures and new perspectives of idiotypic vaccination for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
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- Recent findings also indicate that idiotypic vaccines may be safely and successfully used in additional clinical settings, including lymphoma patients after high-DOSE chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.
1357. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of recombinant sperm-specific contraceptive vaccine in albino mice.
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- Group I was placebo-treated control while Groups II-V were immunized with recombinant SP-10 protein on day 0 and 21 with different DOSEs (range 25-100 μg)
- Group II-V showed DOSE dependent reduction in fertility
- In contrast, at higher DOSE (75 and 100 μg), all animals were sterile for three months
1358. Protective efficacy of an H5N1 DNA vaccine against challenge with a lethal H5N1 virus in quail.
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1359. Potency of a recombinant NDV-H5 vaccine against various HPAI H5N1 virus challenges in SPF chickens.
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- drinking water), the DOSE-effect, and the protective range of this rNDV-H5 vaccine were studied
- A clear DOSE-effect could be demonstrated
1360. Antigen dose and humoral immune response correspond with protection for inactivated infectious pancreatic necrosis virus vaccines in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L).
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- To better understand the immunological basis of vaccine protection, an efficacy trial including Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) vaccinated with a high antigen (HiAg) or low antigen (LoAg) DOSE vaccine was carried out in a cohabitation challenge model using the highly virulent Norwegian Sp strain NVI015
- Overall, the study shows that antigen DOSE corresponds with vaccine efficacy and that antibody levels can be used as a signature of protective immunity against pathological disease and mortality.
1361. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of candidate universal influenza A nanovaccines produced in plants by Tobacco mosaic virus-based vectors.
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- Mice immunized with the chimeric viruses were resistant to five lethal DOSEs (LD50) of the homologous influenza virus strain, A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) and TMV-M2e-ala also gave partial protection (5LD50, 70% of survival rate) against a heterologous strain influenza A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) (4 amino acid changes in M2e)
1362. Immune responses in mice vaccinated with virus-like particles composed of the GP5 and M proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
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- Serum antibody titers and production of cytokines were measured in BALB/C mice immunized intramuscularly three times with different DOSEs (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 μg) of the VLP vaccine
1363. Safety and efficacy of MVA85A, a new tuberculosis vaccine, in infants previously vaccinated with BCG: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial.
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- We randomly allocated infants (1:1), according to an independently generated sequence with block sizes of four, to receive one intradermal DOSE of MVA85A or an equal volume of Candida skin test antigen as placebo at a clinical facility in a rural region near Cape Town, South Africa
- The primary study outcome was safety (incidence of adverse and serious adverse events) in all vaccinated participants, but we also assessed efficacy in a protocol-defined group of participants who received at least one DOSE of allocated vaccine
1364. Immune enhancing properties of the novel Matrix-M™ adjuvant leads to potentiated immune responses to an influenza vaccine in mice.
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- We have previously shown that subcutaneous injections of Matrix-M™, without coformulated antigen, results in a DOSE-dependent recruitment of leukocytes to draining lymph nodes (dLNs)
1365. Antigen replacement of domains D2 and D3 in flagellin promotes mucosal IgA production and attenuates flagellin-induced inflammatory response after intranasal immunization.
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- Moreover, KFD-p24 3D induced far fewer systemic inflammatory responses and abrogated detectable inflammatory side effects on mice, even at the high DOSE
- The properties of enhanced IgA generation and attenuated inflammatory responses broaden the safe-DOSE range of KFD-p24 3D flagellin, creating a potentially promising mucosal adjuvant.
1366. A prospective comparative study of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy with the Tokyo or Connaught strain for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.
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1367. Incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among Egyptian healthcare workers at high risk of infection.
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- Our results show that both transient and persistent viremia were detectable in this high-risk cohort of HCW and suggest that absence of anti-HCV in two of the subjects may be due to low-DOSE viral exposures
1368. Protecting pediatric oncology patients from influenza.
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- Data from other high-risk populations support the vaccination of family members, double-DOSE or high-DOSE vaccination, and the use of barrier methods
1369. Health and economic impact of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 vaccination of preadolescent girls and cervical cancer screening of adult women in Peru.
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- Adding vaccination of preadolescent girls at a coverage achieved in the demonstration program (82.0%) produced an additional 46.1% reduction, and would cost less than US$ 500 per year of life saved (YLS) at ~US$ 7/DOSE or ~US$ 1 300 at ~US$ 20/DOSE
- One year of vaccination was estimated to cost ~US$ 5 million at ~US$ 5/DOSE or ~US$ 16 million at ~US$ 20/DOSE, including programmatic costs
1370. Safety and immunogenicity of an oral, replicating adenovirus serotype 4 vector vaccine for H5N1 influenza: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study.
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- We used a computer-generated randomisation list (block size eight, stratified by site) to assign healthy volunteers aged 18-40 years to receive one of five DOSEs of Ad4-H5-Vtn (10(7) viral particles [VP], 10(8) VP, 10(9) VP, 10(10) VP, 10(11) VP) or placebo (3:1)
- Subsequently, volunteers received a boost DOSE with 90 μg of an inactivated parenteral H5N1 vaccine
1371. A single electroporation delivery of a DNA vaccine containing the hemagglutinin gene of Asian H5N1 avian influenza virus generated a protective antibody response in chickens against a North American virus strain.
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- In contrast, only two out of 10 birds vaccinated with the same vaccine DOSE (100 or 250 μg) but without electroporation developed antibodies
- Seroconversion was reduced in birds electroporated with a low vaccine DOSE (10 μg), but the antibody-positive birds were protected against virus challenge
- Nonelectroporation delivery of a low-DOSE vaccine did not result in seroconversion, and the birds were as susceptible as those in the control groups that received the control pCAG vector
1372. Disruption of the putative vascular leak peptide sequence in the stabilized ricin vaccine candidate RTA1-33/44-198.
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- Vitetta and colleagues identified and characterized a putative vascular leak peptide (VLP) consensus sequence in recombinant ricin toxin A-chain (RTA) that contributed to DOSE-limiting human toxicity when RTA was administered intravenously in large quantities during chemotherapy
1373. Herd protection by a bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in the slums of Kolkata, India.
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- Only the first episode of cholera detected for a subject between 14 and 1095 days after a second DOSE was considered
- Among 107 347 eligible residents, 66 990 received 2 DOSEs of either cholera vaccine or placebo
1374. Pathology and pathophysiology of inhalational anthrax in a guinea pig model.
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- This study was aimed at determining the median lethal DOSE (LD50) of the Bacillus anthracis Ames strain in guinea pigs and investigating the natural history, pathophysiology, and pathology of inhalational anthrax in this animal model following nose-only aerosol exposure
1375. Infant meningococcal vaccination: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations and rationale.
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- MenACWY-D (Menactra, Sanofi Pasteur) is licensed as a 2-DOSE series for infants and toddlers aged 9 through 23 months, and MenACWY-D and MenACWY-CRM (Menveo, Novartis Vaccines) are licensed for persons aged 2 through 55 years as a single DOSE
1376. Results from tandem Phase 1 studies evaluating the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the vaccine candidate antigen Plasmodium falciparum FVO merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP1(42)) administered intramuscularly with adjuvant system AS01.
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- The US study was an open-label, DOSE escalation study of 10 and 50 μg DOSEs of MSP142 in 26 adults, while the Kenya study, evaluating 30 volunteers, was a double-blind, randomized study of only the 50 μg DOSE with a rabies vaccine comparator
1377. Medical aspects of bio-terrorism.
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- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF BIOTOXINS IN HUMAN: Clinical features and severity of intoxication depend on the agent and exposed DOSE, route of entry, individual variation and environmental factors
1378. Early lessons learned from extramural school programs that offer HPV vaccine.
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- Programs achieved modest rates of initiation of the 3-DOSE HPV vaccine series (median 10%); however, among those who initiated the series, completion rates were high (median 78%)
1379. Single-dose microparticle delivery of a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine elicits a long-lasting functional antibody response.
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1380. Protection afforded by an HIV vaccine candidate in macaques depends on the dose of SIVmac251 at challenge exposure.
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- We used the simian immunodeficiency virus mac251 (SIV(mac251)) macaque model to study the effect of the DOSE of mucosal exposure on vaccine efficacy
- We immunized macaques with a DNA prime followed by SIV gp120 protein immunization with ALVAC-SIV and gp120 in alum, and we challenged them with SIV(mac251) at either a single high DOSE or at two repeated low-DOSE exposures to a 10-fold-lower DOSE
- Infection was neither prevented nor modified following a single high-DOSE challenge of the immunized macaques
- However, two exposures to a 10-fold-lower DOSE resulted in protection from SIV(mac251) acquisition in 3 out of 12 macaques
1381. Trends in the annual risk of tuberculous infection in India.
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- Altogether, 184,992 children were tested with 1 tuberculin unit (TU) of purified protein derivative (PPD) RT23 with Tween 80 in Survey I and 69,496 children with 2TU DOSE of PPD in Survey II
1382. Cold-adapted X-31 live attenuated 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine elicits protective immune responses in mice and ferrets.
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- Despite an acceptable level of attenuation phenotypes, single DOSE of immunization with the vaccine efficiently stimulated both systemic and mucosal antibody responses and provided complete protection against lethal challenge with wild type pdmH1N1 virus, even at the lowest immunization DOSE of 10(3)PFU
1383. Identification of a surface protective antigen, CSP of Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus.
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- In the present study, the purified recombinant CSP could elicit a significant humoral antibody response and could confer significant protection against challenge with lethal DOSE of SEZ in mice model
1384. DNA prime-protein boost strategy with replicase-based DNA vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease in bovine calves.
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- We demonstrate that vaccination with a low DOSE of pSinCMV-Vac-MEG990 (10 μg/animal) and subsequently boosting with rMEG990 resulted in induction of neutralizing antibodies, IFN-γ production and protection against homologous virus challenge
- However, vaccination with a high DOSE of pSinCMV-Vac-MEG990 (100 μg/animal) and boosting with rMEG990 resulted in significantly lower immune responses and more severity to the challenge test
1385. [Analysis of adverse reactions induced by subcutaneous immunotherapy against dust mite allergy in 234 cases with allergic rhinitis and asthma].
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- Of the 67 patients, 61 completed the course of treatment after DOSE adjustment; 36 patients had their DOSEs decreased prior to further advancing to target DOSE
- Six patients advanced the DOSE based on protocol and another 6 had to stop immunotherapy
- Our study suggests that risk factors of SRs include maintenance phase (higher allergen vaccine DOSEs), patients with asthma, age of less than 14 years, higher levels of TIgE, and SIgE D1 and SIgE D2
- Effective management includes proper DOSE adjustment, splitting DOSEs into 2 injections at 30 min apart, and strictly following immunotherapy indications.
1386. Avirulent Marek's disease virus type 1 strain 814 vectored vaccine expressing avian influenza (AI) virus H5 haemagglutinin induced better protection than turkey herpesvirus vectored AI vaccine.
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- In the animal study with MDV challenge, chickens immunized with rMDV-HA were completely protected against virulent MDV strain J-1 whereas rHVT-HA only induced 80% protection with the same challenge DOSE
1387. Chimeric infectious bursal disease virus-like particles as potent vaccines for eradication of established HPV-16 E7-dependent tumors.
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- Remarkably, therapeutic efficacy was obtained with a single DOSE without adjuvant and against two injections of tumor cells, indicating a potent and long-lasting immune response.
1388. Factors predicting completion of the human papillomavirus vaccine series.
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- This study identified factors associated with completion of the three DOSE quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4) series by female adolescents
- Between February and September 2008, we prospectively surveyed 11- to 26-year-old female members of an integrated managed care organization shortly after their first HPV4 DOSE to identify factors that predicted series completion
- We used regression analyses to assess whether self-reported experiences at the index visit, knowledge/attitudes about HPV and HPV4, and medical record data on adverse events, demographic characteristics, care-utilization frequency, and visit characteristics, were associated with vaccine series completion within one year of the first HPV4 DOSE
- Of 899 survey respondents (27% of 3347 survey recipients), 786 (87%) maintained continuous enrollment in the health plan in the year following the first HPV4 DOSE
- Our results suggest that providers may help by stressing the need for additional DOSEs of vaccine, and confirming that patients understand this information
1389. A plant-produced H1N1 trimeric hemagglutinin protects mice from a lethal influenza virus challenge.
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- In addition, the immunogenic and protective DOSEs of tHA-BC were much lower compared with monomeric HAC1
- Further investigation into the optimum vaccine DOSE and/or regimen as well as the stability of trimerized HA is necessary to determine whether trimeric HA is a more potent vaccine antigen than monomeric HA.
1390. A pilot study on the effects of individually tailored education for MMR vaccine-hesitant parents on MMR vaccination intention.
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- In an intervention pilot study of parents (n = 77) of children < 6 y who screened as hesitant to vaccinate against MMR (first or second DOSE), parents were randomly assigned to receive either (1) educational web pages that were individually tailored to address their specific vaccine concerns; or (2) web pages similar in appearance to the intervention but containing untailored information
1391. Deletion of immunomodulator C6 from vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve enhances virus immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy.
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- Intradermal infection of mice with vΔC6 was shown previously to induce smaller lesions, indicating viral attenuation, and this was confirmed here using a different inoculation DOSE
- In addition, data presented show that vaccination with vΔC6 provided better protection against challenge with a lethal DOSE of VACV WR, indicating this virus is a better vaccine
1392. Management of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
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- Since BCG is toxic, an attempt to reduce toxicity was made by reducing the DOSE
- CUETO group showed that 1/3 DOSE BCG was as effective as full DOSE in intermediate risk patients but not in high risk
- Another study that evaluated the efficacy of low DOSE BCG is the trial 30962 from EORTC
- The results showed a difference of 10% in the five-years recurrence free survival only when 1/3 DOSE BCG for one year (54.5%) was compared to Full DOSE BCG for three years (64.2%) suggesting that 1/3 DOSE or one year full DOSE are suboptimal treatments
- BCG maintenance (full DOSE three years) after Re-TUR is the standard therapy in high-risk TCC of the bladder
- DOSE reduction to 1/3 DOSE or one year full DOSE are suboptimal treatments
1393. Novel vaccine against Venezuelan equine encephalitis combines advantages of DNA immunization and a live attenuated vaccine.
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- In contrast, live-attenuated vaccines have the advantage of inducing rapid, robust, long-term immunity after a single-DOSE vaccination
- In order to evaluate this approach in vivo, BALB/c mice were vaccinated with a single DOSE of pTC83 iDNA
1394. Enhancement of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a mucosal influenza subunit vaccine by the saponin adjuvant GPI-0100.
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- Balb/c mice were immunized with 1 µg A/PR/8 (H1N1) subunit antigen alone or in combination with varying DOSEs of GPI-0100
- Remarkably, GPI-0100-adjuvanted influenza vaccine given at a low DOSE of 2×1 µg either in the nares or directly into the lungs provided complete protection against homologous influenza virus infection.
1395. Improved immunogenicity with high-dose seasonal influenza vaccine in HIV-infected persons: a single-center, parallel, randomized trial.
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- To compare the immunogenicity of high-DOSE influenza vaccine with that of standard dosing in HIV-positive participants
- Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a standard DOSE (15 mcg of antigen per strain) or a high DOSE (60 mcg/strain) of the influenza trivalent vaccine
- 195 participants enrolled, and 190 completed the study (93 in the standard-DOSE group and 97 in the high-DOSE group)
- The seroprotection rates after vaccination were higher in the high-DOSE group for the H1N1 (96% vs
- HIV-infected persons reach higher levels of influenza seroprotection if vaccinated with the high-DOSE trivalent vaccine than with the standard-DOSE
1396. Safety and efficacy of reduced doses of Brucella melitensis strain Rev. 1 vaccine in pregnant Iranian fat-tailed ewes.
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- 1 is recommended as the most effective vaccine for small ruminants but the application of full DOSEs in adult animals is restricted
- This study was conducted to determine a proper reduced DOSE of vaccine which confers protection but which is not abortifacient in Iranian fat-tailed sheep
- This study indicated that a reduced DOSE of Rev
1397. Hepatitis A vaccine response in HIV-infected patients: are TWINRIX and HAVRIX interchangeable?
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- Patients were eligible if at least one DOSE HAVRIX (1440 ELISA units) or TWINRIX (720 ELISA units) was administered and had anti-HAV antibody data pre- and post-vaccination
1398. Risk of presentation to hospital with epileptic seizures after vaccination with monovalent AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine (Pandemrix): self controlled case series study.
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- Vaccinated people with epileptic seizures, diagnosed as inpatients or outpatients, at any time from 90 days before until 90 days after any DOSE of vaccine
1399. Cell mediated immune response after challenge in Omp25 liposome immunized mice contributes to protection against virulent Brucella abortus 544.
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- abortus 544 challenge in Balb/c mice with a single DOSE immunization regimen.
1400. Detection of serum antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella after primary measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination in children.
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- In Iran, the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR) is administered in a two-DOSE protocol where the first DOSE is scheduled at 12 months of age
- Children with negative vaccination and/or clinical history for measles, mumps or rubella were administered the first DOSE of the MMR live attenuated vaccine
- A second DOSE was necessary to raise the level of protection against measles and rubella.
1401. Influenza A virus nucleoprotein derived from Escherichia coli or recombinant vaccinia (Tiantan) virus elicits robust cross-protection in mice.
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- Our results demonstrate that a high DOSE (90 μg) of rNP induced NP-specific antibodies and T cell responses that were comparable with those of RVJ1175NP in mice
- Importantly, the survival ratio (36, 73, and 78%) of the vaccinated mice after the influenza virus A/PR/8/34(H1N1) challenge was rNP vaccine DOSE-dependent (10, 30, and 90 μg, respectively), and no significant differences were observed between the rNP- and RVJ1175NP-immunized (91%) mice
1402. Recombinant duck enteritis virus works as a single-dose vaccine in broilers providing rapid protection against H5N1 influenza infection.
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- We found this new rDEV-re6 virus to be safe in chickens and to induce rapid and solid protection after a single DOSE
- This virus may therefore serve as an ideal single-DOSE vaccine for broilers.
1403. Haemophilus influenzae serotype b and a capsule-deficient type mutant (b-) invasive disease in a partially vaccinated child in Brazil.
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- We report a rare case of infection by two different types of Haemophilus influenzae strains in a child who received only one DOSE of the H
1404. Combination therapy with amantadine, oseltamivir and ribavirin for influenza A infection: safety and pharmacokinetics.
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- The PKs of TCAD therapy in healthy volunteers was shown to be similar to the PKs of each drug individually from a single DOSE
- TCAD therapy had similar PKs to each individual antiviral during monotherapy following a single DOSE and can be administered safely in immunocompromised patients.
1405. High-dose trivalent influenza vaccine compared to standard dose vaccine in elderly adults: safety, immunogenicity and relative efficacy during the 2009-2010 season.
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- High-DOSE trivalent influenza vaccine was developed to improve antibody responses to influenza vaccine in the elderly and hence potentially impact favorably on influenza-associated morbidity and mortality in this population
- A phase IIIb, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted to compare High-DOSE (HD) trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (60μg of hemagglutinin [HA] per strain) to standard DOSE (SD) vaccine (15μg of HA per strain) in adults ≥65 years of age
- High-DOSE trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine is safe and well tolerated and provides superior immune responses compared to standard DOSE vaccine
1406. Early indicators of disease in ferrets infected with a high dose of avian influenza H5N1.
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1407. Hexon-modified recombinant E1-deleted adenovirus vectors as dual specificity vaccine carriers for influenza virus.
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- M2e-specific antibody responses could be boosted by a second DOSE of the VR1 hexon-modified vector but not by repeated immunization with the VR4 hexon-modified vector.
1408. Development of live-attenuated influenza vaccines against outbreaks of H5N1 influenza.
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- Compared with H5N1 inactivated vaccines used widely, H5N1 live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) have advantages in vaccine efficacy, DOSE-saving formula, long-lasting effect, ease of administration and some cross-protective immunity
1409. Efficient mucosal transmissibility but limited pathogenicity of R5 SHIV SF162P3N in Chinese-origin rhesus macaques.
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- Virologic, immunologic, and pathogenic evaluations of R5 SHIVSF162P3N infection in Chinese RMs challenged intrarectally (ir) or intravaginally were performed and compared with those previously observed in Indian-origin rhesus exposed to the same inoculum DOSE and via similar route
1410. Selective effects of a morphine conjugate vaccine on heroin and metabolite distribution and heroin-induced behaviors in rats.
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1411. Influenza vaccination coverage and timeliness among children requiring two doses, 2004-2009.
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- To assess influenza vaccination coverage and timeliness among children requiring two DOSEs in a season
- Eligible children were 6 months-8 years and needed two influenza vaccine DOSEs in a given season between 2004-05 and 2009-10
- Any (≥ 1 DOSE) and full (2 DOSEs) vaccination coverage by December 15 and March 31 as well as interval between DOSEs were calculated
- Few children received both DOSEs by December 15 (2-13%)
- The interval between DOSEs was almost twice as long as recommended and increased over time (2004-05: 52 days; 2009-10: 64 days; p<0.001)
- Missed opportunities for the second DOSE were common
- Despite improvements, low-income, minority children requiring two influenza vaccine DOSEs remain at risk of incomplete and delayed vaccination
1412. Estimating and comparing the clinical and economic impact of paediatric rotavirus vaccination in Turkey using a simple versus an advanced model.
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- The simple model had 23 variables, compared with 103 in the advanced model to allow additional comparisons of different vaccine types, DOSE schemes and vaccine waning
1413. Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine boosters among neonatally vaccinated university freshmen in Taiwan.
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- We evaluated the efficacy of a modified 3-DOSE booster protocol in neonatally vaccinated university students in Taiwan
- Group A (n=39) lacked seroprotective levels of anti-HBs, and declined to receive a booster DOSE of the HBV vaccine
- Group B (n=128) lacked seroprotective levels of anti-HBs, and received booster DOSEs of the HBV vaccine according to a modified 3-DOSE booster protocol
- Group C (n=83) possessed seroprotective levels of anti-HBs, and did not receive a booster DOSE
- The use of the modified 3-DOSE booster protocol induced significant long-term increases in the titer of anti-HBs in over 50% of the neonatally vaccinated participants with previously non-protective titers
1414. Factors determining vaccine uptake in Western Australian adolescents.
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- Proportions of students who returned a vaccine consent form, and completed HBV and HPV multi-DOSE courses and dTpa and VZV vaccination were determined
1415. Immunological characterization of a gidA mutant strain of Salmonella for potential use in a live-attenuated vaccine.
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- Most importantly, immunization with the gidA mutant protected mice from a lethal DOSE challenge of wild-type STM
- The protective efficacy of immunization with the gidA mutant was evaluated by challenging immunized mice with a lethal DOSE of wild-type STM
- Mice immunized with the gidA mutant strain were fully protected from a lethal DOSE challenge of wild-type STM
- Naïve mice receiving either cells or sera from immunized mice were partially protected from a lethal DOSE challenge of wild-type STM
1416. Rotavirus vaccine: a review.
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- WHO recommends that the first DOSE of rotavirus vaccine should be administered to infants up to age of 6-15 weeks irrespective of the prior history of rotavirus infection and the maximum age for administering the last DOSE of the vaccine should be 32 weeks
- Booster DOSEs are not recommended
1417. Intramuscular inoculation of mice with the live-attenuated recombinant rabies virus TriGAS results in a transient infection of the draining lymph nodes and a robust, long-lasting protective immune response against rabies.
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- A single intramuscular application of the live but not UV-inactivated recombinant rabies virus (RABV) variant TriGAS in mice induces the robust and sustained production of RABV-neutralizing antibodies that correlate with long-term protection against challenge with an otherwise lethal DOSE of the wild-type RABV
1418. Factors associated with receipt of two doses of varicella vaccine among adolescents in the United States.
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- In 2006, routine two-DOSE varicella vaccination for all children was recommended, including a second DOSE catch-up program for older children and adolescents
- Recent studies have shown that a second DOSE of the vaccine provides incremental protection against varicella disease
- Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine individual-level and state-level factors associated with receipt of two DOSEs of varicella vaccine among 10,542 adolescents 13 to 17 years of age with no history of varicella
- Overall, 58.1% of adolescents without any history of varicella had received two DOSEs of varicella vaccine
- In the multivariable model, receipt of two DOSEs of varicella vaccine was significantly associated with younger age, higher maternal education level, private health insurance, more frequent health care visits, receipt of both quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate and tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccinations, and residing in a state with two-DOSE policies for middle school entry
- Vaccines for Children program-eligible adolescents were less likely to have received two DOSEs
- Two-DOSE varicella vaccination coverage remained low among adolescents in 2010, despite the universal recommendation
- Programs that are aimed specifically at Vaccines for Children program-eligible adolescents, state policies requiring two DOSEs for middle school entry, and broad education and implementation of the adolescent vaccination platform may help to improve varicella vaccination coverage.
1419. Association of childhood pertussis with receipt of 5 doses of pertussis vaccine by time since last vaccine dose, California, 2010.
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- To evaluate the association between pertussis and receipt of 5 DTaP DOSEs by time since fifth DTaP DOSE
- Primary outcomes were (1) odds ratios (ORs) for the association between pertussis and receipt of the 5-DOSE DTaP series and (2) ORs for the association between pertussis and time since completion (<12, 12-23, 24-35, 36-47, 48-59, or ≥60 months) of the 5-DOSE DTaP series
- Compared with controls, children with pertussis had a lower odds of having received all 5 DOSEs of DTaP (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.06-0.21 [estimated VE, 88.7%; 95% CI, 79.4%-93.8%])
- When children were categorized by time since completion of the DTaP series, using an unvaccinated reference group, children with pertussis compared with controls were less likely to have received their fifth DOSE within the prior 12 months (19 [2.8%] vs 354 [17.6%], respectively; OR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.04 [estimated VE, 98.1%; 95% CI, 96.1%-99.1%])
- This association was evident with longer time since vaccination, with ORs increasing with time since the fifth DOSE
- Accordingly, the estimated VE declined each year after receipt of the fifth DOSE of DTaP
- Among children in 15 California counties, children with pertussis, compared with controls, had lower odds of having received the 5-DOSE DTaP series; as time since last DTaP DOSE increased, the odds increased, which is consistent with a progressive decrease in estimated vaccine effectiveness each year after the final DOSE of pertussis vaccine.
1420. Indirect effect of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal carriage in newborns in rural Gambia: a randomised controlled trial.
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- From 328 babies born during the trial, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected after birth, then weekly until 8 weeks of age when they received their first DOSE of PCV-7
1421. Evaluation of biocompatibility and administration site reactogenicity of polyanhydride-particle-based platform for vaccine delivery.
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- This work aims to elucidate the biocompatibility, inflammatory reactions, and particle effects on mice injected with a 5 mg DOSE of polyanhydride nanoparticles via common parenteral routes (subcutaneous and intramuscular)
1422. Differential approaches for vaccination from childhood to old age.
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- Several approaches have been undertaken to promote Th1 responses in neonates and to enhance immune functions in elderly, such as conjugation to carrier proteins, addition of adjuvants, concomitant vaccination with other vaccines, change in antigen concentrations or DOSE intervals or use of different administration routes
1423. The role of exposure history on HIV acquisition: insights from repeated low-dose challenge studies.
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- To assess the efficacy of HIV vaccine candidates or preventive treatment, many research groups have started to challenge monkeys repeatedly with low DOSEs of the virus
- These findings validate the assumption that non-infecting challenges do not immunize an animal - an assumption that is central in the argument that repeated low-DOSE challenge experiments increase the statistical power of preclinical HIV vaccine trials
1424. Immunogenic and protective properties of the first Kazakhstan vaccine against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 in ferrets.
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- Administration was intramuscular and given either as a single DOSE or as two DOSEs 14 days apart
- To assess the protective effects of the vaccine, ferrets from the vaccinated and control groups were infected intranasally with pandemic virus A/California/7/09 (H1N1) pdm09 at a DOSE of 10(6) EID(50)/0.5 mL
- Fourteen days post-infection, the ferrets inoculated with single or double vaccines containing 3.75, 7.5 or 15.0 μg of hemagglutinin per DOSE showed no signs of influenza infection, weight loss, or body temperature rise, and no premature deaths occurred
- Based on our results, we suggest that a single vaccination at a DOSE of 3.75 or 7.5 μg hemagglutinin be used for Phase I clinical trials.
1425. Efficacy of single dose of an inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) whole-virus vaccine with oil adjuvant in piglets.
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1426. Comprehensive evaluation of the adenovirus/alphavirus-replicon chimeric vector-based vaccine rAdV-SFV-E2 against classical swine fever.
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- In this study, we further evaluated the vaccine with respect to its safety, number and DOSE of immunization, and effects of maternally derived antibodies, re-immunization of the vaccine or co-administration with pseudorabies vaccine on the vaccine efficacy
- The results showed that: (1) the vaccine was safe for mice, rabbits and pigs; (2) two immunizations with a DOSE as low as 6.25×10(5) TCID(50) or a single immunization with a DOSE of 10(7) TCID(50) rAdV-SFV-E2 provided complete protection against a lethal CSFV challenge; (3) maternally derived antibodies had no inhibitory effects on the efficacy of the vaccine; (4) the vaccine did not induce interfering anti-vector immunity; and (5) co-administration of rAdV-SFV-E2 with a live pseudorabies vaccine induced antibodies and protection indistinguishable from immunization with either vaccine administered alone
1427. Intramyocardial transfer of hepatocyte growth factor as an adjunct to CABG: phase I clinical study.
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- Nine patients were assigned to receive increasing DOSEs (0.5 to 2.0 mg) of VM202 injected into the right coronary artery (RCA) territory following completion of CABG for the left coronary artery territory
- Intramyocardial injection of VM202 can be safely used in IHD patients with the tolerable DOSE of 2.0 mg
1428. Clinical trial in healthy malaria-naïve adults to evaluate the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity and efficacy of MuStDO5, a five-gene, sporozoite/hepatic stage Plasmodium falciparum DNA vaccine combined with escalating dose human GM-CSF DNA.
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- Thirty-two, malaria-naïve, adult volunteers were enrolled sequentially into four cohorts receiving a mixture of 500 μg of each plasmid plus escalating DOSEs (0, 20, 100 or 500 μg) of a sixth plasmid encoding human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF)
- Three DOSEs of each formulation were administered intramuscularly by needle-less jet injection at 0, 4 and 8 weeks, and each cohort had controlled human malaria infection administered by five mosquito bites 18 d later
1429. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant Haemophilus parasuis SH0165 putative outer membrane proteins.
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- All three proteins elicited humoral antibody responses and conferred different levels of protection against challenge with a lethal DOSE of H
1430. Efficacy of liposomal bismuth-ethanedithiol-loaded tobramycin after intratracheal administration in rats with pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
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- The antibiotic concentration after the last DOSE of LipoBiEDT-TOB was 25.1 μg/lung, while no tobramycin was detected in the kidneys
1431. Efficacy of a hepatitis B vaccination schedule with two cycles of four double doses of conventional vaccine and four doses of adjuvanted vaccine in chronic kidney disease patients evaluated for renal transplantation.
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- The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of a hepatitis B vaccination schedule with two 4-double DOSEs of conventional vaccine and four DOSEs of adjuvant vaccine in chronic kidney disease patients evaluated for renal transplantation
- In this prospective study, we recruited chronic kidney disease patients evaluated for renal transplantation to receive four 40-μg DOSEs of hepatitis B virus vaccine (0, 1, 2 and 6 months) and another four 40 μg DOSEs of hepatitis B virus vaccine and four 20 μg DOSEs of adjuvant vaccine if they were nonresponders
- AntiHBs titers were analyzed before every vaccine DOSE and 1 month after the fourth DOSE
- The response to the vaccination increased until the seventh DOSE: first DOSE, 5.4%; second, 29.5%; third, 66.7%; fourth, 75.9%; fifth, 83.3%; sixth, 87.3%; seventh, 92.5%; and eighth, 93.8%
- The response to the hepatitis B vaccination with four double DOSEs of conventional vaccine and revaccination with the same schedule and adjuvanted vaccine shows a high response rate in chronic kidney disease evaluated for renal transplantation.
1432. Changes in JC virus-specific T cell responses during natalizumab treatment and in natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
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- However, the frequency of T cells producing IL-10 upon mitogenic stimulation transiently increased after the first DOSE
1433. Final results of an EORTC-GU cancers group randomized study of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin in intermediate- and high-risk Ta, T1 papillary carcinoma of the urinary bladder: one-third dose versus full dose and 1 year versus 3 years of maintenance.
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- The optimal DOSE and duration of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are controversial
- To determine if a one-third DOSE (1/3D) is not inferior to the full DOSE (FD), if 1 yr of maintenance is not inferior to 3 yr of maintenance, and if 1/3D and 1 yr of maintenance are associated with less toxicity
1434. A phase 3 trial of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in African infants.
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- We administered RTS,S/AS01 or a comparator vaccine to 6537 infants who were 6 to 12 weeks of age at the time of the first vaccination in conjunction with Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccines in a three-DOSE monthly schedule
- The incidence of the first or only episode of clinical malaria in the intention-to-treat population during the 14 months after the first DOSE of vaccine was 0.31 per person-year in the RTS,S/AS01 group and 0.40 per person-year in the control group, for a vaccine efficacy of 30.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.6 to 36.1)
- One month after administration of the third DOSE of RTS,S/AS01, 99.7% of children were positive for anti-circumsporozoite antibodies, with a geometric mean titer of 209 EU per milliliter (95% CI, 197 to 222)
1435. Long-term survival outcomes with intravesical docetaxel for recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer after previous bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy.
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- After the phase I trial, those with a complete response to induction treatment were offered single DOSE monthly maintenance treatments for a total of up to 12 months of docetaxel therapy
1436. Kinetic and HPV infection effects on cross-type neutralizing antibody and avidity responses induced by Cervarix(®).
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- In uninfected women, neutralizing antibody titers did not reach significance until after the 3rd DOSE for HPV-31 (month 12, p=0.009) and HPV-45 (month 12, p=0.003), but then persisted up to month 36 (HPV-31, p=0.01; HPV-45, p=0.002)
- Individuals infected with HPV-16 or HPV-31 at enrollment developed a significantly higher median antibody response to the corresponding HPV type after one DOSE, but there was not a difference between median titers after three DOSEs compared to the HPV negative group
1437. Lipoarabinomannan mannose caps do not affect mycobacterial virulence or the induction of protective immunity in experimental animal models of infection and have minimal impact on in vitro inflammatory responses.
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- tuberculosis challenge in low-DOSE aerosol infection models in mice and guinea pigs was not affected by the absence of the mannose caps in the BCG
1438. A T cell-inducing influenza vaccine for the elderly: safety and immunogenicity of MVA-NP+M1 in adults aged over 50 years.
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- Thirty volunteers (aged 50-85) received a single intramuscular injection of MVA-NP+M1 at a DOSE of 1·5×10(8) plaque forming units (pfu)
1439. Sublethal staphylococcal enterotoxin B challenge model in pigs to evaluate protection following immunization with a soybean-derived vaccine.
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- Similar results were obtained when immunized animals were challenged with a sublethal DOSE of native toxin
1440. Immunological evaluation of Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella enterica subsp. Typhi vaccine by serum bactericidal assay.
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- Purified Vi-CPS (50 µg) was injected intramuscularly into three groups of five rabbits; group 2 received an additional booster DOSE of 50 µg Vi-CPS on day 15 and group 3 received two additional boosters on days 15 and 30
- Thus, Vi-CPS was shown to be a potent immunogen, as even one DOSE could induce an efficient bactericidal effect against S
1441. The efficacy of HSV-2 vaccines based on gD and gB is enhanced by the addition of ICP27.
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- In murine HSV-2 challenge studies, gD and gB provided moderate to high levels of protection while ICP27 provided a lower level of protection depending on the model (intravaginal or intranasal) and the challenge DOSE
1442. Rotavirus vaccination effectiveness: a case-case study in the EDICS project, Castellón (Spain).
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- The immunization status of each child, the number of DOSEs and dates of vaccination were assessed by consulting the Regional Immunization Registry
- The effectiveness of vaccination with at least one DOSE of vaccine against rotavirus was 87.7% (45.5-99.7%)
1443. Experimental model for reproduction of canine visceral leishmaniosis by Leishmania infantum.
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- Only one single infective DOSE was administered to each dog
1444. Inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of pneumonia in Medicare patients with COPD.
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- Pneumonia risk was highest for current ICS users (OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.16-1.36) and current high-DOSE users (OR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.25-1.92), compared to non-users
- However, given the large study sample size and extensive number of available controls, the results remain persuasive and confirm previous studies' findings that ICS use, particularly current use and high-DOSE use, is associated with increased pneumonia risk.
1445. Characterization of an attenuated TE3L-deficient vaccinia virus Tian Tan strain.
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1446. Vaccination of piglets at 1 week of age with an inactivated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine reduces lung lesions and improves average daily gain in body weight.
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- The field efficacy and safety of a single-DOSE inactivated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine, Suvaxyn MH-One, was evaluated in 4-5-day-old piglets on a commercial farm with a history of Mycoplasma disease in Southern Germany
1447. Safety and vaccine efficacy of a glycoprotein G deficient strain of infectious laryngotracheitis virus delivered in ovo.
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- In this study ΔgG-ILTV was delivered to chicken embryos at three different DOSEs (10(2), 10(3) and 10(4) plaque forming units per egg) using manual in ovo vaccination
- The highest DOSE of vaccine was the most efficacious, resulting in a weight gain not significantly different from unvaccinated/unchallenged birds seven days after challenge
- In contrast, birds vaccinated with the lowest DOSE showed weight gains not significantly different from unvaccinated/challenged birds
- Gross pathology and histopathology of the trachea reflected these observations, with birds vaccinated with the highest DOSE having less severe lesions
1448. Effects of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccine on ovarian cyclicity and uterine morphology of an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).
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- The Repro-BLOC GnRH vaccine was administered subcutaneously as a series of 4 boosters of increasing DOSE from 3 to 30 mg of recombinant ovalbumin-GnRH fusion protein given at variable intervals after initial vaccination with 3 mg protein
1449. Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivate pandemic H1N1 vaccine provided by the Thai ministry of public health as a routine public health service.
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- The antibody response after a single DOSE of inactivated monovalent H1N1 vaccination in this study was relatively low, especially in the older age group
- A booster H1N1 vaccine DOSE may be needed
1450. Recombinant parainfluenza virus 5 expressing hemagglutinin of influenza A virus H5N1 protected mice against lethal highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 challenge.
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- In our studies, a single DOSE of a live recombinant PIV5 expressing a hemagglutinin (HA) gene of H5N1 (rPIV5-H5) from the H5N1 subtype provided sterilizing immunity against lethal DOSEs of HPAI H5N1 infection in mice
- We have found that insertion of H5N1 HA at the junction between the small hydrophobic (SH) gene and the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene gave the best immunity against HPAI H5N1 challenge: a DOSE as low as 1,000 PFU was sufficient to protect against lethal HPAI H5N1 challenge in mice
1451. [Determination of vaccination quotas for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children on the basis of routine data of the statutory health insurance].
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- Immunisation includes 4 DOSEs; a single DOSE should be administered at completed 2, 3, 4 months and 11-14 months of age
- Overall, 81.2% (5 484/6 755) of all live births of mothers and fathers of the insurance received at least one vaccination DOSE
- In 91.3% and 72.0% of these cases, the second and third DOSE was administered, respectively
- A vaccination cycle of 4 DOSEs was often not completed and the recommended time points for vaccination were not met in two-thirds of all children
1452. Immunogenicity and efficacy of intramuscular replication-defective and subunit vaccines against herpes simplex virus type 2 in the mouse genital model.
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- Further, we describe a side-by-side comparison of intramuscular ACAM529 with a gD vaccine across a range of challenge virus DOSEs
- While differences in protection against death are not significant, ACAM529 protects significantly better against mucosal infection, reducing peak challenge virus shedding at the highest challenge DOSE by over 500-fold versus 5-fold for gD
- These results indicate that measuring infection of the vaginal mucosa and of dorsal root ganglia over a range of challenge DOSEs is more sensitive than evaluating survival at a single challenge DOSE as a means of directly comparing vaccine efficacy in the mouse vaginal challenge model
1453. Mucosal adjuvants to improve wildlife rabies vaccination.
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- Research suggests that the low viscosity of the oral vaccine may preclude animals from receiving an effective DOSE when biting into the vaccine bait delivery system
- Eleven of 12 raccoons vaccinated with TMC+RABORAL V-RG responded after one DOSE of vaccine, as did eight of 12 vaccinated with RABORAL V-RG, and three of 12 vaccinated with chitosan+ RABORAL V-RG
1454. Effect of vaccination with N-glycolyl GM3/VSSP vaccine by subcutaneous injection in patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma.
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- Selecting the optimal biological DOSE of the vaccine was the principal objective based on immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety results
- Six DOSE levels were studied and the treatment schedule consisted of five DOSEs administered every 2 weeks and then monthly until 15 DOSEs had been given
- DOSE levels evaluated were 150, 300, 600, 900, 1200, and 1500 μg with five patients included in each DOSE level except the 900 μg DOSE (n = 10)
- The vaccine was safe and immunogenic at all DOSEs levels
- The 900 μg DOSE resulted in overall survival duration of 19.40 months and was selected as the biological optimal DOSE.
1455. NGlycolylGM3/VSSP Vaccine in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients: Results of Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial.
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- Selecting the optimal biological DOSEs of the vaccine in these patients was the principal objective based on the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety results
- Six levels of DOSEs of vaccine were studied
- Treatment schedule consisted of five DOSEs every two weeks and then monthly until reaching a fifteenth DOSEs
- DOSEs levels studied were 150, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 μg
- Five patients in each level were included except at the 900 μg DOSE, in which ten patients were included
- Two patients of two different DOSE levels achieved overall survival values of about six years
- The DOSE of 900 μg was selected as biological optimal DOSE in which overall survival was 28.5 months.
1456. Protective immunity induced by a DNA vaccine encoding Eimeria tenella rhomboid against homologous challenge.
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- Two weeks following the booster DOSE, all chickens were inoculated orally with 5 × 10(4) sporulated oocysts of E
1457. Vascular normalizing doses of antiangiogenic treatment reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and enhance immunotherapy.
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- Antiangiogenic agents have the potential to modulate the tumor microenvironment and improve immunotherapy, but they often are used at high DOSEs in the clinic to prune tumor vessels and paradoxically may compromise various therapies
- Here, we demonstrate that targeting tumor vasculature with lower vascular-normalizing DOSEs, but not high antivascular/antiangiogenic DOSEs, of an anti-VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) antibody results in a more homogeneous distribution of functional tumor vessels
- Furthermore, lower DOSEs are superior to the high DOSEs in polarizing tumor-associated macrophages from an immune inhibitory M2-like phenotype toward an immune stimulatory M1-like phenotype and in facilitating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell tumor infiltration
- Based on this mechanism, scheduling lower-DOSE anti-VEGFR2 therapy with T-cell activation induced by a whole cancer cell vaccine therapy enhanced anticancer efficacy in a CD8(+) T-cell-dependent manner in both immune-tolerant and immunogenic murine breast cancer models
- These findings indicate that vascular-normalizing lower DOSEs of anti-VEGFR2 antibody can reprogram the tumor microenvironment away from immunosuppression toward potentiation of cancer vaccine therapies
- Given that the combinations of high DOSEs of bevacizumab with chemotherapy have not improved overall survival of breast cancer patients, our study suggests a strategy to use antiangiogenic agents in breast cancer more effectively with active immunotherapy and potentially other anticancer therapies.
1458. Effect of pain management on immunization efficacy in mice.
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- Effects of the analgesics acetaminophen, meloxicam, and buprenorphine on behavioral and antibody responses were assessed after primary and secondary immunization with the model antigen ovalbumin and after repeated immunization with a limiting DOSE of recombinant protective antigen from Bacillus anthracis
- Treatment with each of the analgesics normalized some but not all of these behaviors but did not decrease the mean or maximal antibody titer after primary or repeated immunization with a moderate DOSE of ovalbumin or after repeated immunization with a limiting DOSE of protective antigen
1459. Adjuvants and inactivated polio vaccine: a systematic review.
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- One strategy to make IPV more affordable is to reduce the DOSE by adding adjuvants, compounds that augment the immune response to the vaccine
1460. Heterosubtypic protection against influenza A induced by adenylate cyclase toxoids delivering conserved HA2 subunit of hemagglutinin.
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- BALB/c mice immunized with three DOSEs of purified CyaA-E5-HA2 without any adjuvant recovered from influenza infection 2days earlier than the control mock-immunized mice
- More importantly, immunized mice were protected against a lethal challenge with 2LD(50) DOSE of a homologous virus (H3 subtype), as well as against the infection with a heterologous (H7 subtype) influenza A virus
1461. The oral, live attenuated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine ACE527 reduces the incidence and severity of diarrhea in a human challenge model of diarrheal disease.
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- The vaccine was safe and well tolerated at DOSEs of up to 10(11) CFU, administered in each of two DOSEs given 21 days apart
- Fifty-six of these subjects were challenged 28 days after the second DOSE of vaccine with the highly virulent ETEC strain H10407 to obtain preliminary indicators of efficacy against disease and to support further development of the vaccine for both travelers and infants in countries where ETEC is endemic
1462. Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination and revaccination and factors impacting on response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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- IBD patients were vaccinated against HBV with a quick (0, 1, and 2 months) and double-DOSE schedule (Engerix B)
- The response rate to the HBV vaccination--even with a double-DOSE schedule--is very low in IBD patients, mainly in those receiving anti-TNFs
- A considerable--albeit insufficient--success rate may be obtained when two consecutive vaccination courses, each with a three-DOSE vaccine series, are administered.
1463. Efficacy and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in HIV-infected children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.
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- Four hundred and ten children were randomized to two DOSEs of TIV or placebo 1 month apart
- Among children receiving both DOSEs of vaccine/placebo, confirmed seasonal influenza illness occurred in 13 (all H3N2) of 205 TIV recipients and 17 (15 H3N2 and two influenza B) of 200 placebo recipients with vaccine efficacy of 17.7% (95% confidence interval <0-62.4%)
- The proportion of TIV recipients who seroconverted after second DOSE against vaccine strains of H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B were 47.5, 50.0, and 40.0%, compared to 4.7, 11.6, and 0%, respectively among placebo recipients
1464. Comparative analysis of the immunogenicity and protective effects of inactivated EV71 vaccines in mice.
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- Three FCP-As, in a DOSE of 200 U, generated nearly 100% NAb positivity rates and similar geometric mean titers (GMTs), especially at 14-21 days post-inoculation
- The FCP-As at the lowest DOSE used in clinical trials (162 U) showed good protective effects in suckling mice against lethal challenge (90-100% survival), while the ED(50) of NAb responses and protective effects varied among three FCP-As
- The data generated from our mouse model study indicated a clear DOSE-response relationship, which is important for vaccine quality control and assessment, especially for predicting protective efficacy in humans when combined with future clinical trial results.
1465. Safety of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine administered routinely to females.
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- One or more DOSEs of HPV4 between August 2006 and March 2008
- One hundred eighty-nine thousand six hundred twenty-nine females received at least 1 DOSE and 44 001 received 3 HPV4 DOSEs
1466. The risk factors of transmission after the implementation of the routine immunization among children exposed to HBV infected mothers in a developing area in northwest China.
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- The univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that maternal HBV DNA positive (OR=4.83, 95% CI: 1.38-16.98, p=0.0140), the delayed injection of the first DOSE of HBV vaccine after premature birth (OR=9.73, 95% CI: 1.78-53.21, p=0.0087) and the missing use of HBV vaccine (OR=8.29, 95% CI: 1.42-48.23, p=0.0186) were significantly associated with an increased risk for HBV mother-to-child transmission
- Besides the positivity of maternal HBV DNA and the missing of HBV vaccination after birth, the delayed injection of the first DOSE of HBV vaccine after premature birth was also a possible independent risk factor for HBV mother-to-child transmission
1467. Pharmacoeconomic spotlight on rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix™) in developed countries.
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- The monovalent rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix™) is administered as a two-DOSE oral series in infants and has demonstrated protective efficacy against RVGE in clinical trials conducted in developed countries
- It is also difficult to draw conclusions regarding the cost effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 relative to that of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, which is administered as a three-DOSE oral series
1468. Pharmacoeconomic spotlight on rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix™) in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in developing countries.
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- The protective efficacy of a two-DOSE oral series of rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 has been demonstrated in several well designed clinical trials conducted in developing countries, and the 'real-world' effectiveness of the vaccine has also been shown in naturalistic and case-control trials after the introduction of universal vaccination programs with RIX4414 in Latin American countries
1469. Low-dose cyclophosphamide administered as daily or single dose enhances the antitumor effects of a therapeutic HPV vaccine.
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- The optimal DOSE and schedule of CTX administration in combination with immunotherapy to eliminate the Treg population without adversely affecting vaccine-induced T-cell responses is unknown
- HPV tumor-bearing mice received either a single preconditioning DOSE or a daily DOSE of CTX in combination with the pNGVL4a-CRT/E7(detox) DNA vaccine
- We recommend a single, preconditioning DOSE of CTX prior to vaccination due to its efficacy, ease of administration, and reduced cumulative adverse effect on vaccine-induced T cells.
1470. Human Pappilomavirus (HPV) induced cancers and prevention by immunization.
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- why it is controversial at the moment that whether booster DOSE is recommended or not, however it is assumed that, there is no harm to have booster DOSE at 5th year of vaccination.
1471. Examining the benefit of vaccinating adults against pertussis.
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- To examine recent evidence concerning the health benefits and cost effectiveness of replacing a single DOSE of adult tetanus/diphtheria vaccine with a single DOSE of tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis (TDaP)
1472. Effective protection against secondary pneumococcal pneumonia by oral vaccination with attenuated Salmonella delivering PspA antigen in mice.
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- A single DOSE of oral RASV resulted in attenuated pulmonary inflammation and effective protection against secondary pneumococcal pneumonia
1473. Acceptance and compliance with postpartum human papillomavirus vaccination.
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- Overall, seven (4.7%) women did not receive any DOSEs of the vaccine, 62 (41.3%) received one DOSE, 35 (23.3%) received two DOSEs, and 46 (30.7%) completed the series and received all three DOSEs of the vaccine
1474. Induction of anti-Plasmodium immunity following subpatent infection with live erythrocytic stages and drug cure.
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- Our group has been focusing on low DOSE blood-stage parasites as a valid vaccine approach, and we present here the relevant methodology for this.
1475. Cancer-related risk factors and preventive measures in US Hispanics/Latinos.
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- Although 56% of Hispanic adolescents initiate human papillomavirus vaccination, only 56% of them completed the 3-DOSE series
1476. Revaccination with Fendrix® or HBVaxPro® results in better response rates than does revaccination with three doses of Engerix-B® in previous non-responders.
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- Compared to the revaccination scheme using three Engerix-B(®) DOSEs, revaccination with a single DOSE of HBVaxPro-40(®) or Fendrix(®) performed significantly better
1477. Impact of a novel inactivated PRRS virus vaccine on virus replication and virus-induced pathology in fetal implantation sites and fetuses upon challenge.
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- At 90 days of gestation, all animals were intranasally inoculated with 10(5) tissue culture infectious DOSE 50 (TCID(50)) of PRRSV 07V63
1478. Protective efficacy of the recombinant, live-attenuated, CYD tetravalent dengue vaccine in Thai schoolchildren: a randomised, controlled phase 2b trial.
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- Dengue vaccine was well tolerated, with no safety signals after 2 years of follow-up after the first DOSE
1479. Human rotavirus vaccine Rotarix™ provides protection against diverse circulating rotavirus strains in African infants: a randomized controlled trial.
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- Healthy infants aged 5-10 weeks were enrolled and randomized into three groups to receive either two (10 and 14 weeks) or three DOSEs of Rotarix™ (together forming the pooled Rotarix™ group) or three DOSEs of placebo at a 6,10,14-week schedule
- The percentage of infants with severe rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by the circulating G and P types from 2 weeks post-last DOSE until one year of age and the corresponding vaccine efficacy was calculated with 95% CI
1480. Pharmaceutical aerosols for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis.
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- Pharmaceutical aerosols for patient use are generated from metered DOSE inhalers, nebulizers, and dry powder inhalers (DPIs)
1481. Anthrax vaccine-induced antibodies provide cross-species prediction of survival to aerosol challenge.
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- Logistic regression models determined the contribution of vaccine dilution DOSE and TNA on prediction of survival
- For most settings, logistic models using only TNA explained more than 75% of the survival effect of the models with DOSE additionally included
1482. Waning protection after fifth dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in children.
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- In the United States, children receive five DOSEs of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine before 7 years of age
- The duration of protection after five DOSEs of DTaP is unknown
- We assessed the risk of pertussis in children in California relative to the time since the fifth DOSE of DTaP from 2006 to 2011
- We used logistic regression to examine the risk of pertussis in relation to the duration of time since the fifth DTaP DOSE
- Children who received whole-cell pertussis vaccine during infancy or who received any pertussis-containing vaccine after their fifth DOSE of DTaP were excluded
- PCR-positive children were more likely to have received the fifth DTaP DOSE earlier than PCR-negative controls (P<0.001) or matched controls (P=0.005)
- Comparison with PCR-negative controls yielded an odds ratio of 1.42 (95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 1.66), indicating that after the fifth DOSE of DTaP, the odds of acquiring pertussis increased by an average of 42% per year
- Protection against pertussis waned during the 5 years after the fifth DOSE of DTaP
1483. Treatment of common and plane warts in children with topical viable Bacillus Calmette-Guerin.
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1484. Development of an inhalational Bacillus anthracis exposure therapeutic model in cynomolgus macaques.
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- A clinical profile was recorded for each NHP exposed to a lethal DOSE of Bacillus anthracis Ames spores
1485. The value of perioperative mitomycin C instillation in improving subsequent bacillus calmette-guerin instillation efficacy in intermediate and high-risk patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a prospective randomized study.
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- The present study showed no statistically significant difference in terms of recurrence rate and median time to first recurrence between intermediate or high-risk patients with NMIBC who were treated with early single DOSE instillation of MMC plus delayed BCG and those who were treated with only BCG.
1486. Unvaccinated children in years of increasing coverage: how many and who are they? Evidence from 96 low- and middle-income countries.
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- Proportions and changes in time of 'unvaccinated' (children having not received a single DOSE of vaccine), 'partially vaccinated' and 'fully vaccinated' children were estimated
1487. Efficacy of marker vaccine candidate CP7_E2alf in piglets with maternally derived C-strain antibodies.
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- In conclusion, CP7_E2alf proved to be effective in preventing mortality, severe clinical signs and pathological lesions in 5 or 8 weeks old piglets positive for maternal antibodies derived from sows vaccinated intramuscularly 4 weeks before farrowing with one DOSE of C-strain vaccine.
1488. Combination vaccines in the South African setting.
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- Use of combination rather than component vaccines offers advantages for compliance by single DOSE administration of various antigens, reducing stock costing as well as reducing cost of additional health care visits
- Partly, because no serological correlates of immunity exist, but also a general lack of convincing follow up studies has prompted the recommendation for manufacturer fidelity for at least the first 3 vaccine DOSEs
1489. Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the public immunization program in South Africa: translating research into policy.
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- Based on the observation that a two-DOSE primary series of PCV during infancy resulted in similar immunogenicity compared to a three-DOSE schedule, as well as similar impact on nasopharyngeal colonization and effectiveness against IPD in HIV-uninfected children, the South African immunization program adopted a two-DOSE primary series with a booster DOSE at 9 months of age
- This schedule was largely premised on containing the cost of vaccine introduction, whilst including a booster DOSE of PCV to assist in prolonging the duration of protection in HIV-infected children.
1490. Association of response to hepatitis B vaccination and survival in dialysis patients.
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- After receiving a full DOSE of the HBV vaccination, all patients were followed up for to 5 years to evaluate the association of patient survival, cause of mortality, and immune response
1491. Intranasal vaccination with replication-defective adenovirus type 5 encoding influenza virus hemagglutinin elicits protective immunity to homologous challenge and partial protection to heterologous challenge in pigs.
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- Thus, we compared the immunogenicity and efficacy of a single intranasal DOSE of an Ad5-vectored hemagglutinin (Ad5-HA) vaccine to those of a traditional intramuscular administration of WIV vaccine
1492. Reduced-antigen, combined diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccine, adsorbed (Boostrix®): a review of its properties and use as a single-dose booster immunization.
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- Compared with infant formulations used for primary vaccination, Tdap contains reduced quantities (10-50%) of all toxoids and antigens, which are adsorbed to either ≤0.39 mg/DOSE (US licensed formulation) or 0.5 mg/DOSE (rest-of-world formulation) of aluminium adjuvant
- The reduced antigen content is designed to avoid the increasing reactogenicity historically seen with the fourth and fifth DOSEs of infant vaccine
- In clinical trials, a single booster DOSE of Tdap induced seroprotective levels of antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in virtually all children and adolescents, and in a high proportion of adults and elderly individuals at approximately 1 month post-vaccination irrespective of their vaccination history
- The immunogenicity and reactogenicity profiles of booster DOSEs of Tdap were generally similar to those of infant diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis vaccine and infant diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine in children aged 4-6 years, and infant diphtheria-tetanus vaccine in older children
- Seropositivity rates for antibodies against pertussis toxin had begun to decline by 5 years after a booster DOSE of Tdap in adolescents/adults, and a subsequent booster DOSE 10 years later was generally as immunogenic as the initial booster and was well tolerated
1493. Potential intussusception risk versus benefits of rotavirus vaccination in the United States.
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- To calculate excess intussusception cases, we used national data on vaccine coverage and baseline intussusception rates, and assumed a vaccine-associated intussusception relative risk of 5.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0-9.3) in the first week after the first vaccine DOSE, the risk seen in international settings
1494. Rheumatoid arthritis and the incidence of influenza and influenza-related complications: a retrospective cohort study.
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- Other factors accounted for included medical conditions, use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), use of biological agents, influenza vaccination and high- or low-DOSE corticosteroids
1495. An alternative allergen:adjuvant formulation potentiates the immunogenicity and reduces allergenicity of a novel subcutaneous immunotherapy product for treatment of grass-pollen allergy.
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- Mice were immunized with various concentrations of Phleum pratense (Phl p) allergen extract and AlOH or a fixed dilution of the maintenance DOSEs of one conventional and one alternatively formulated vaccine
- The optimization of the formulation allows for administration of a lower DOSE of allergen while maintaining the immunogenicity of the product and at the same time reducing allergenicity
1496. Novel antiviral therapeutics to control foot-and-mouth disease.
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- Groups of swine were subcutaneously inoculated either with poly ICLC alone (4 or 8 mg) or in combination with different DOSEs of Adt-pIFN-α (2.5×10(9), 1×10(9), or 2.5×10(8) FFU)
- While different degrees of protection were achieved in all the treated animals, a DOSE of 8 mg of poly ICLC alone or combined with 1×10(9) FFU of Adt-pIFN-α was sufficient to sterilely protect swine when challenged 24 h later with FMDV A24
- These data indicate that poly ICLC is a potent stimulator of IFN and ISGs in swine and at an adequate DOSE is sufficient to induce complete protection against FMD.
1497. Acute exercise enhancement of pneumococcal vaccination response: a randomised controlled trial of weaker and stronger immune response.
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- The current study tested the effect of exercise on the response to either a full- or half-DOSE Pneumococcal (Pn) vaccination to elicit stronger and weaker responses
- Subjects were 133 young healthy adults, randomised to one of four groups: exercise or control task, receiving a full- or half-DOSE Pn vaccination
- When DOSEs were compared, it emerged that those who exercised had significantly larger responses than those who rested in the half-DOSE group, but in the full-DOSE groups responses were similar
1498. Development of a murine nose-only inhalation model of influenza: comparison of disease caused by instilled and inhaled A/PR/8/34.
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- In this report, we describe the system and compare the 50% lethal DOSE (LD(50)) of instilled and inhaled A/PR/8/34 (PR8) in BALB/c mice
1499. Drug-induced anaphylaxis: a decade review of reporting to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance Authority.
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- It is an unpredictable and mostly DOSE-independent event that occurs suddenly following exposure to the causative drug
1500. Evaluation of the protection conferred by a naturally attenuated Neospora caninum isolate against congenital and cerebral neosporosis in mice.
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- In the second experiment, the effect of various immunising DOSEs was established using ten-fold dilutions of the tachyzoites (from 5 × 105 to 5 × 10)
- In all the cases, congenital protection rates above 60% were observed, and the mice that were immunised with the lowest DOSE (5 × 10) presented the highest protection rate (86%)
- Moreover, low immunising DOSEs of Nc-Spain 1 H induced an IgG2a response, and high parasitic DOSEs induced an IgG1 response
- These results evidence the safety and the efficient protection that was conferred by Nc-Spain 1 H against congenital neosporosis, even when the mice were immunised with low parasitic DOSEs.
1501. Antiviral activity of nucleoside analogues against norovirus.
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1502. Advances in hepatitis immunization (A, B, E): public health policy and novel vaccine delivery.
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- In addition, a single-DOSE hepatitis A vaccination programme may be an option for some intermediate endemic countries, as far as the epidemiological situation is further monitored
1503. Assessment of the cross-protective capability of recombinant capsid proteins derived from pig, rat, and avian hepatitis E viruses (HEV) against challenge with a genotype 3 HEV in pigs.
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- After a booster DOSE immunization at 2 weeks post-vaccination, the vaccinated animals all seroconverted to IgG anti-HEV
1504. The Shigella human challenge model.
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- Summative estimates were calculated by strain and DOSE
- While a total of 19 studies evaluating nine strains at DOSEs ranging from 10 to 1 × 1010 colony-forming units were identified, most studies utilized the S
- Inoculum solution and pre-inoculation buffering has varied over time although diarrhoea attack rates do not appear to increase above 75-80%, and dysentery rates remain fairly constant, highlighting the need for additional DOSE-ranging studies
1505. Synthetic virus-like particles target dendritic cell lipid rafts for rapid endocytosis primarily but not exclusively by macropinocytosis.
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1506. Cost-effectiveness analysis of an additional birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine to prevent perinatal transmission in a medical setting in Mozambique.
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- This study is the first to assess the cost-effectiveness of an additional birth DOSE of Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine administered by professional birth attendants in medical settings in a sub-Saharan country (Mozambique)
- The WHO has recommended the birth DOSE to prevent perinatal transmission of HBV
- A Markov model was constructed to analyse the costs and effects associated with avoiding perinatal transmission of HBV through a birth DOSE vaccination in addition to the existing vaccination schedule in Mozambique
- We found an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for the additional birth DOSE of 250.95 US$ per DALY averted
- Assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of 441 US$, which was the GDP per capita for Mozambique in 2008, the findings show the additional birth DOSE to be highly cost-effective
- To give unambiguous recommendations on introducing the birth DOSE in Mozambique, more information on the parameters that render the birth DOSE cost-ineffective in sensitivity analysis is needed
1507. [Analysis of indexes used to evaluate immunization coverage rate of first dose of measles containing vaccine].
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- To obtain an objective index of evaluating the immunization coverage rate of first DOSE of measles containing vaccine (MCV1)by comparison of the indexes in Guizhou Province
1508. H1N1 and seasonal influenza vaccination of U.S. healthcare personnel, 2010.
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- Among 16,975 HCP surveyed, 2009 H1N1, seasonal, and any-DOSE vaccination coverage were 34.1% (95% CI=32.7%, 35.5%); 52.4% (95% CI=50.9%, 53.9%); and 58.0% (95% CI=56.5%, 59.5%), respectively, all of which were significantly higher than those for non-HCP (19.1%, 34.9%, and 40.3%, respectively)
- Characteristics independently associated with an increased likelihood of 2009 H1N1, seasonal, and any-DOSE vaccinations among HCP were as follows: non-Hispanic white, higher income, having a high-risk condition, having health insurance, the ability to see a doctor if needed, and having had a routine checkup in the previous year
1509. Effects on immunogenicity by formulations of emulsion-based adjuvants for malaria vaccines.
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- Furthermore, reducing the emulsion DOSE from 2% to 1% or 0.5% (vol/vol) squalene in GLA-SE did not compromise immunogenicity
- Emulsion DOSE titration in the absence of formulated GLA caused some reduction in humoral and cellular immune responses compared to those with the 2% squalene emulsion DOSE.
1510. Nicotine vaccines for smoking cessation.
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- We extracted data on the type of participants, the DOSE and duration of treatment, the outcome measures, the randomization procedure, concealment of allocation, blinding of participants and personnel, reporting of outcomes, and completeness of follow-up.Our primary outcome measure was a minimum of six months abstinence from smoking
1511. Dendritic cell-based vaccination in metastatic melanoma patients: phase II clinical trial.
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- Finally, DCs were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) into the inguinal region in the DOSE range of 1-5x107 per shot
1512. Flagellin-PAc fusion protein is a high-efficacy anti-caries mucosal vaccine.
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- Results showed that KF-rPAc promoted significantly higher rPAc-specific antibodies in serum as well as in saliva than did an equivalent DOSE of rPAc alone or a mixture of KF + rPAc
1513. Testing of novel dengue virus 2 vaccines in African green monkeys: safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy.
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- Groups of four monkeys received one DOSE each of test vaccine candidate with no booster immunization
1514. Human adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease vaccines: establishment of a vaccine product profile through in vitro testing.
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- Thus, an in vitro infectious titer assay (tissue culture infectious DOSE 50, TCID50) which measures FMD infectious (protein expression) titer was established
- In addition, a quantitative physiochemical assay (HPLC) and three immunochemical assays (Fluorescent Focus-Forming Unit (FFU); tissue culture expression DOSE 50 (TCED50); Western blot) were developed for potential use as in vitro assays to monitor AdFMD vaccine lot-to-lot consistency and other potential applications
1515. Impact of maternal carrier status on immunologic markers for protection after hepatitis B vaccination in infancy: a meta-analysis.
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- A systematic review was performed in order to identify all studies in offspring of carrier and non-carrier mothers reporting the proportions of individuals with anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/ml after infant hepatitis B vaccination with a presently recommended DOSE in children aged 5 years or older or response to a booster DOSE in case anti-HBs was below 10 mIU/ml
1516. Protective immune responses to biolistic DNA vaccination of Brugia malayi abundant larval transcript-2.
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- Biolistic vaccination using gene gun is developed as a safer tool for delivery of DNA vaccines, a technique that combines high vaccine efficiency with lower antigen dosage and lower cost per vaccine DOSE
- After optimizing the DNA DOSE and gene gun parameters for delivery into mouse skin, groups of mice were biolistically vaccinated with 5 μg of BmALT-2pVAX
- These findings show that host protective responses could be achieved with 20 fold decrease in DNA DOSE using a gene gun and could prove to be an efficient delivery method in BmALT-2 DNA vaccination against lymphatic filariasis.
1517. Seroprevalence of measles-, mumps- and rubella-specific IgG antibodies in German children and adolescents and predictors for seronegativity.
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- For mumps, high differences were observed for seronegativity after one-DOSE and two-DOSE vaccination, respectively
1518. Evaluation of TcpF-A2-CTB chimera and evidence of additive protective efficacy of immunizing with TcpF and CTB in the suckling mouse model of cholera.
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- Protective efficacy was measured using 6-day-old pups reared from immunized dams and orogastrically challenged with a lethal DOSE of El Tor V
1519. T cell profiling reveals high CD4+CTLA-4 + T cell frequency as dominant predictor for survival after prostate GVAX/ipilimumab treatment.
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- To understand the consequences of CTLA-4 blockade and identify biomarkers for clinical efficacy and/or survival, an exploratory T cell monitoring study was performed in a phase I/II DOSE escalation/expansion trial (n = 28) of combined Prostate GVAX/ipilimumab immunotherapy
1520. Treatment with the interleukin-17A-blocking antibody secukinumab does not interfere with the efficacy of influenza and meningococcal vaccinations in healthy subjects: results of an open-label, parallel-group, randomized single-center study.
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- Subjects received a single 150-mg DOSE of secukinumab or no treatment, followed by vaccination with inactivated trivalent subunit influenza virus and conjugate group C meningococcal vaccine (Agrippal and Menjugate, respectively) 2 weeks later
1521. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in young women receiving the first quadrivalent vaccine dose.
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1522. The Asd(+)-DadB(+) dual-plasmid system offers a novel means to deliver multiple protective antigens by a recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine.
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- Oral immunization of BALB/c mice with 1 × 10(9) CFU of χ9760 (carrying Asd(+)-PspA and DadB(+)-PspC plasmids) elicited a dominant Th1-type serum IgG response against both antigens and protected mice against intraperitoneal challenge with 200 50% lethal DOSEs (LD(50)s) of virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae strain WU2 or intravenous challenge with 100 LD(50)s of virulent S
- pneumoniae strain L81905 or intranasal challenge with a lethal DOSE of S
1523. Oral vaccination with vaccinia virus expressing the tick antigen subolesin inhibits tick feeding and transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi.
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- A single DOSE of the vaccine was sufficient for mice to generate antibody response to subolesin
1524. Efficacy of intranasal administration of a modified live feline herpesvirus 1 and feline calicivirus vaccine against disease caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica after experimental challenge.
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- The vaccinated group was administered a single intranasal DOSE of a commercially available vaccine containing modified live strains of FHV-1 and FCV, and the control group remained unvaccinated
1525. Chronic hepatitis B infection in adolescents who received primary infantile vaccination.
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- Adjusted ORs for those who received 4, 3, and 1 to 2 DOSEs were 1.00, 1.52 (95% CI: 0.91-2.53), and 2.85 (95% CI: 1.39-5.81), respectively
- A booster DOSE of HB vaccination was administered to 1974 HBsAg- and anti-HBs-negative subjects
1526. Assessing the existing information on the efficacy of bovine vaccination against Escherichia coli O157:H7--a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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- Efficacy and homogeneity of the results was demonstrated for the two-DOSE regimen, allowing us to conclude with confidence that the two-DOSE approach is efficacious
- For pre-harvest outcomes and two-DOSE regimens, the odds ratios (OR) were 0.53 (95% CI = 0.45-0.62) for the two vaccines combined and 0.49 (95% CI = 0.40-0.60) for vaccine targeting type III secreted proteins
- For pre- and at-harvest outcomes combined and two-DOSE regimens, the odds ratios (OR) were 0.52 (95% CI = 0.44-0.61) for the two vaccines combined and 0.45 (95% CI = 0.34-0.60) for vaccine targeting type III secreted proteins
1527. Optimization of the protocols for double vaccination against Marek's disease by using commercially available vaccines: evaluation of protection, vaccine replication, and activation of T cells.
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1528. Comparison of long-term immunogenicity (23 years) of 10 μg and 20 μg doses of hepatitis B vaccine in healthy children.
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- To compare the long-term immunogenicity and seroprotection rates in healthy children following 23 years of vaccination with 10 μg or 20 μg DOSEs of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine, we revisited all participants from our previous randomized controlled trial
- At year 23, 81 participants were tested for HBV serological markers and HBV-DNA, and a booster DOSE was given to those with anti-HBs titer < 10 mIU/mL
- After eliminating the interference of a Year 11 booster DOSE and vaccines received outside of the trial, around 50% of participants still maintained anti-HBs titers ≥ 10 mIU/mL in both 10 μg and 20 μg groups (p > 0.05)
- The peak immune response of vaccination (anti-HBs antibody levels at 12 mo after 1st vaccine DOSE) and Year 11 anti-HBs levels were significantly associated with Year 23 seroprotection rates
- Most of the participants in both groups, regardless of their prior immune status, developed a rapid and robust anamnestic antibody response after the booster DOSE at year 23
- We concluded that seroprotection provided by 10μg or 20 μg DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine persists for 23 years in more than half of vaccinated individuals in highly HBV-endemic areas, irrespective of 10 μg or 20 μg vaccine DOSEs
- Future studies with larger sample sizes comparing long-term efficacy of various DOSEs of plasma-derived and recombinant HBV vaccines are recommended.
1529. Effectiveness of 1 dose of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccines in preventing reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed H1N1 infection among school-aged children in maine.
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- After adjusting for a diagnosis of asthma, 1 DOSE of 2009 H1N1 vaccine provided 69% protection (95% confidence interval (CI), 13-89) against rRT-PCR-confirmed H1N1 infection
- One DOSE of monovalent pandemic vaccine provided substantial protection against pH1N1 infection among school-aged children.
1530. Immune response to hepatitis A vaccination in HIV-infected men in Greece.
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- We evaluated the seroconversion rate (anti-HAV antibodies ≥ 20 mIU/ml) and the geometric mean antibody titres (GMTs) in a group of 351 HIV infected men, who had received two DOSEs of a hepatitis A vaccine
- We analysed blood samples collected at one, six, 12 and 18 months following the administration of the second DOSE of the vaccine
- The seroconversion rate one month after the second DOSE of the vaccine was 74.4% (260/351)
1531. Response to vaccination against hepatitis B virus with a schedule of four 40-μg doses in cirrhotic patients evaluated for liver transplantation: factors associated with a response.
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- We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the rate of and factors associated with a response to recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination using 4 intramuscular DOSEs (40 μg) administered at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months among 278 cirrhotic patients being evaluated for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)
- The 39.2% overall response rate to vaccination included 36% after three and 40.7% after four DOSEs, namely, a median anti-HBs level of 100 IU/mL (range, 10 to 1000 IU/mL)
- Among the same patient cohort (n = 79), the responses after the third and fourth DOSEs were 36.7% and 51.9% respectively
- In conclusion, the response rate to HBV vaccination in cirrhotic patients evaluated for OLT reached more than 35% among those who received at least 3 DOSEs
- The fourth DOSE only increased the response rate by 24% over that obtained after the first three DOSEs, whereas a revaccination achieved a 50% response rate, which probably accounts for revaccination after no response to 3 DOSEs
1532. Assessment of efficacy and safety of pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza vaccine in a group of health care workers.
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- After measuring antibody titers, a single intramuscular DOSE of 7.5 microg of Focetria monovalent vaccine against A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus with MF59C.1 adjuvant was administered
- Antibody titers (median value) before and after a single DOSE of vaccine, measured by means of standard beam-agglutination inhibition test (HAI), increased from 32 to 256 (p < 0.001)
1533. Evaluating the effectiveness of an inactivated vaccine from Anaplasma marginale derived from tick cell culture.
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- Five calves (Group 1) were inoculated subcutaneously, at 21-day intervals, with three DOSEs of vaccine containing 3 × 10(9) A
- The Group 1 calves seroconverted 14 days after the second DOSE of vaccine
1534. Immunogenicity and safety of seasonal and 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza vaccines for patients with autoimmune diseases: a prospective, monocentre trial on 199 patients.
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- Subjects received SFV (1 DOSE, Mutagrip®) and/or non-adjuvant HFV (Panenza®, 2 DOSEs at a 3-week interval)
1535. Rabies pretravel vaccination.
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- The immunity provided by the three-DOSE series is long-lasting and should be considered an investment for future travel
1536. Characteristics of serology-based vaccine potency models for foot-and-mouth disease virus.
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- Despite considerable efforts during the past decades, a challenge-free alternative vaccine potency test to replace the European protective DOSE 50% test (PD(50)) has not been implemented yet
1537. Prevalence and risk factors for HPV in HIV-positive young women receiving their first HPV vaccination.
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- The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence and risk factors for HPV infection among HIV-infected young women receiving their first quadrivalent HPV (HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18) vaccine DOSE
1538. Flow cytometric readout based on Mitotracker Red CMXRos staining of live asexual blood stage malarial parasites reliably assesses antibody dependent cellular inhibition.
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- Further, a DOSE-dependent parasite growth inhibitory effect could be detected for both total IgG purified from hyper-immune sera and affinity purified IgGs against the N-terminal non-repeat region of GLURP in ADCI assays coupled with determination of parasite counts through CMXRos staining and flow cytometry
1539. Live attenuated influenza vaccine provides superior protection from heterologous infection in pigs with maternal antibodies without inducing vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease.
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- In the present study, we compared 1 DOSE of intranasal LAIV with 2 intramuscular DOSEs of TX98 whole inactivated virus (WIV) with adjuvant in weanling pigs with and without TX98-specific maternally derived antibodies (MDA)
- A single DOSE of LAIV administered to MDA-positive pigs still provided partial protection from CO99 and may be a safer vaccine for young pigs under field conditions, where dams are routinely vaccinated and diverse IAV strains are in circulation
1540. Risk of immunodeficiency virus infection may increase with vaccine-induced immune response.
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- To explore the efficacy of novel complementary prime-boost immunization regimens in a nonhuman primate model for HIV infection, rhesus monkeys primed by different DNA vaccines were boosted with virus-like particles (VLP) and then challenged by repeated low-DOSE rectal exposure to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)
- Surprisingly, vaccinees with high numbers of SIV-specific, gamma interferon-secreting cells were infected fastest during the repeated low-DOSE exposures and the numbers of these immune cells in vaccinated macaques correlated with susceptibility to infection
1541. Influenza virosome/DNA vaccine complex as a new formulation to induce intra-subtypic protection against influenza virus challenge.
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- Mice were immunized with a single DOSE of the influenza virosome attached with the NP plasmid or NP plasmid alone where both influenza virosomes and NP gene were derived from influenza A virus H1N1 New/Caledonia strain
- Analysis of the cellular immune responses showed that 5μg (10-fold reduced DOSE) of the NP plasmid attached to the virosomes induced T cell responses equivalent to those elicited by 50μg of NP plasmid alone as assessed by IFN-γ and granzyme B ELISPOT
- These findings suggest that influenza virosomes could be equipped with an NP-encoding plasmid in a DOSE-sparing fashion to elicit anti-influenza cytotoxic immune responses and broaden the vaccine coverage against antigenic drift.
1542. HspX-mediated protection against tuberculosis depends on its chaperoning of a mycobacterial molecule.
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- Native HspX was highly immunogenic and protective, in a DOSE-dependent manner, in both short- and long-term infection models
1543. Novel agents and new combination treatments on phase I studies on solid tumors and pancreatic cancer.
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- In particular, in the field of immunotherapy, a pilot phase I study tested for first time a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-based vaccine (Abstract #2561) on patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and another one the optimal DOSE and efficacy of trabedersen, an inhibitor of tissue growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) aiming to enhance antitumor immune responses (Abstract #4034)
1544. Evaluation of replication, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live attenuated cold-adapted pandemic H1N1 influenza virus vaccine in non-human primates.
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- One or two DOSEs of vaccine were administered intranasally and intratracheally to rhesus macaques
- For the two-DOSE group, the vaccine was administered 4-weeks apart
- One or two DOSEs of the vaccine elicited a significant rise in HAI titers (range 40-320)
- Two DOSEs of CA09ca elicited higher pH1N1-specific IgA titers than in the mock-immunized group (p<0.01)
1545. Determinants of maternal health services utilization in urban settings of the Democratic Republic of Congo--a case study of Lubumbashi City.
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- During these ANC visits, only 60.6% received at least one DOSE of vaccine, while 38.1% received Mebendazole, 35.6% iron, 32.7% at least one DOSE of SulfadoxinePyrimethamine, 29.2% folic acid, 15.5% screening for HIV and 12.8% an insecticide treated net.In comparison to women that had had two or three deliveries before, primiparous and grand multiparous women were twice as likely not to use ANC during their pregnancy
1546. Enhancement of Th1-biased protective immunity against avian influenza H9N2 virus via oral co-administration of attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing chicken interferon-α and interleukin-18 along with an inactivated vaccine.
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- To further test the protective efficacy of this improved vaccination regimen, immunized chickens were intra-tracheally challenged with a high DOSE of LPAI H9N2 virus
1547. Role of insurance, income, and affordability in human papillomavirus vaccination.
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- Logistic regression models were used with the following dependent variables: (1) heard of the HPV vaccine, (2) received 1 DOSE only, (3) completed the series, (4) have not previously heard of HPV vaccine but interested in receiving it, and (5) interested and willing to pay $360 for it
1548. Attenuated Salmonella typhimurium delivering DNA vaccine encoding duck enteritis virus UL24 induced systemic and mucosal immune responses and conferred good protection against challenge.
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- To identify the optimum DOSE that confers maximum protection, we used different DOSEs of the candidate vaccine SL7207 (pVAX-LTB-UL24) during oral immunization
1549. The effect of mass immunisation campaigns and new oral poliovirus vaccines on the incidence of poliomyelitis in Pakistan and Afghanistan, 2001-11: a retrospective analysis.
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- The estimated clinical effectiveness of a DOSE of trivalent OPV against serotype 1 poliomyelitis was 12·5% (95% CI 5·6-18·8) compared with 34·5% (16·1-48·9) for monovalent OPV (p=0·007) and 23·4% (10·4-34·6) for bivalent OPV (p=0·067)
1550. Mucosal immunization with recombinant influenza hemagglutinin protein and poly gamma-glutamate/chitosan nanoparticles induces protection against highly pathogenic influenza A virus.
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- Intranasal administration of rHA antigen or inactivated virus with PC NPs protected mice against challenge with a lethal DOSE of the highly pathogenic influenza A H5N1 virus
1551. Duration of protection of pentavalent rotavirus vaccination in Nicaragua.
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- However, the decline in protection with age warrants monitoring of disease among older children and consideration of a booster DOSE evaluation at the end of infancy.
1552. Evaluation of the efficacy of a pre-pandemic H5N1 vaccine (MG1109) in mouse and ferret models.
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- Administration of the MG1109 vaccine (2-DOSEs) in mice and ferrets elicited high HI and SN titers in a DOSE-dependent manner against the homologous (RgVietNam/04xPR8/34) and various heterologous H5N1 strains, (RgKor/W149/06xPR8/34, RgCambodia/04xPR8/34, RgGuangxi/05xPR8/34), including a heterosubtypic H5N2 (A/Aquatic bird/orea/W81/05) virus
- Mice immunized with 1.9 μg HA/DOSE of MG1109 were completely protected from lethal challenge with heterologous wild-type HPAI H5N1 A/EM/Korea/W149/06 (clade 2.2) and mouse-adapted H5N2 viruses
- Furthermore, ferrets administered at least 3.8 μg HA/DOSE efficiently suppressed virus growth in the upper respiratory tract and lungs
1553. An open-label, randomized efficacy and safety trial of subcutaneous and intramuscular BT088 (Fovepta) human hepatitis B immunoglobulin in neonates of HBV-carrier mothers.
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- This was an open, prospective, multicenter trial, in which infants were randomized to receive a single SC or IM DOSE of BT088 (200 IU, 0.4 mL) within 12 h of birth simultaneously with active vaccination against hepatitis B
- The primary efficacy variable was the response rate, defined as the proportion of infants whose anti-HBs concentration was negative at preDOSE and ≥100 IU/L 48 to 72 h postDOSE
- The median postDOSE anti-HBs concentration was 261.2 IU/L
- One neonate had a postDOSE anti-HBs level lower than 100 IU/L (81.0 IU/L)
1554. Induction of a protective immune response to rabies virus in sheep after oral immunization with transgenic maize, expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein.
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- Kernels containing different DOSEs of G protein (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2mg) were given in a single DOSE by the oral route
1555. Anti-HIV-1 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by hyperimmune bovine colostrum IgG.
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- We found that bovine IgG bind to Fcγ-receptors (FcγRs) on human neutrophils, monocytes, and NK cells in a DOSE-dependent manner
1556. Efficacy of an AS03A-adjuvanted split H5N1 influenza vaccine against an antigenically distinct low pathogenic H5N1 virus in pigs.
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- Influenza seronegative pigs were vaccinated twice intramuscularly with adjuvanted vaccine at 3 antigen DOSEs, unadjuvanted vaccine or placebo
- There was no antigen-DOSE dependent effect on the antibody response among the pigs immunized with adjuvanted H5N1 vaccines
1557. Immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding simian immunodeficiency virus antigen targeted to dendritic cells in rhesus macaques.
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- Antibodies to capsid were induced by the DC-targeting and non-targeting control DNA delivered by electroporation while conventional DNA immunization at a 10-fold higher DOSE of DNA failed to induce detectable humoral immune responses
- Conventional immunization with the DC-targeting DNA at a 10-fold higher DOSE did not give rise to substantial cellular immune responses, neither when co-injected with poly ICLC
1558. Randomized clinical trial of immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant H1N1/2009 pandemic influenza vaccine containing Advax™ polysaccharide adjuvant.
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- Seroconversion rates varied by rHA DOSE, presence of adjuvant, subject age and number of immunizations
1559. Acellular pertussis vaccine use in risk groups (adolescents, pregnant women, newborns and health care workers): a review of evidences and recommendations.
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- A booster DOSE with an adult-formulation tetanus-diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) is now recommended for all adolescents by several countries, and replacement of the decennial Td DOSE with a single or more DOSEs of Tdap is recommended for adults
- In countries where an adolescent booster DOSE was adopted, a certain decrease of incidence rates was observed
1560. A single cidofovir treatment rescues animals at progressive stages of lethal orthopoxvirus disease.
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- The present study was carried out in order to determine whether a single DOSE of the anti-viral cidofovir (CDV), administered at different times and DOSEs p.e
- Animals were infected intranasally with ECTV, treated on different days with various single CDV DOSEs and monitored for morbidity, mortality and humoral response
- CDV treatment is sufficient for protection depending on the initiation time and DOSE (2.5 - 100 mg/kg) of treatment
- Solid protection was achieved by a low DOSE (5 mg/kg) CDV treatment even if given at day 6 p.e., approximately 4 days before death of the control infected untreated mice (mean time to death (MTTD) 10.2)
- At the same time point complete protection was achieved by single treatment with higher DOSEs of CDV (25 or 100 mg/kg)
- Irrespective of treatment DOSE, all surviving animals developed a protective immune response even when the CDV treatment was initiated one day p.e.
- After seven days post treatment with the highest DOSE (100 mg/kg), virus was still detected in some organs (e.g
1561. Projected health impact and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination among children <5 years of age in China.
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- A 2-DOSE rotavirus vaccination program could annually avert 3013 (62%) deaths, 194,794 (59%) hospitalizations and 1,333,356 (51%) outpatient visits associated with rotavirus disease in China
- The medical break-even price of the vaccine is $1.19 per DOSE
- From a societal perspective, a vaccination program would be highly cost-effective in China at the vaccine price of $2.50 to $5 per DOSE, and be cost-effective at the price of $10 to $20 per DOSE
1562. The immunological activity of propolis flavonoids liposome on the immune response against ND vaccine.
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- At the same time of vaccination with Newcastle disease vaccine, the chickens in experimental groups were injected with propolis flavonoids liposome (PFL) at three DOSEs, PF and blank liposome, respectively
- The results showed that three DOSEs of PFL could significantly enhance antibody titer, concentrations of IgG, IgM, and promote lymphocyte proliferation, interferon-γ and interleukin-2 secretion, and its high and medium DOSEs possessed the best efficacy
- In general evaluation, the efficacy of PFL was the best, with certain of DOSE- and time-effect relationships
1563. Efficacy of a vaccine and a direct-fed microbial against fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a randomized pen-level field trial of commercial feedlot cattle.
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- Results indicate that a two-DOSE regimen of the vaccine significantly reduces fecal prevalence of E
1564. An economic evaluation of the use of Japanese encephalitis vaccine in the expanded program of immunization of Guizhou province, China.
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- We modeled two theoretical cohorts of 100,000 persons for 65 years; one using JE live-attenuated vaccine in EPI (first DOSE: 95% coverage and 94.5% efficacy; second DOSE: 85% coverage and 98% efficacy) and one not
- We reviewed the EPI offices expenditures in 2009 to estimate the average Guizhou program cost per vaccine DOSE
1565. Travellers returning with measles from Thailand to Finland, April 2012: infection control measures.
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- Two secondary cases were detected: one child who had received one vaccine DOSE and another who was fully vaccinated.
1566. A varicella outbreak in a school with high one-dose vaccination coverage, Beijing, China.
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- Varicella vaccine is available in the private sector in China, with a single DOSE currently recommended for children aged ≥12 months
- Among these students, 916 had received 1 DOSE of varicella vaccine and 2 had received 2 DOSEs (98% vaccination coverage) before the outbreak
- Single-DOSE varicella vaccination was 89% effective in preventing any varicella and 99% in preventing moderate/severe varicella
- Single-DOSE varicella vaccination is highly effective in reducing varicella incidence and mitigating disease severity, but not high enough to prevent outbreak
- A two-DOSE program might help to prevent varicella outbreaks in Beijing.
1567. Saccharomyces as a vaccine against systemic candidiasis.
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- An HKY DOSE of 1.2 × 10(8) given 4 times prolonged survival (P = 0.02), but showed DOSE-limiting toxicity
- Overall, we found that HKY protects mice from infection by Candida albicans in a DOSE-and regimen-dependent manner
1568. Burden of rotavirus in India--is rotavirus vaccine an answer to it?
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- Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline) is a monovalent vaccine recommended to be orally administered in two DOSEs at 6-12 weeks
- Rota Teq (Merck) is a pentavalent vaccine recommended to be orally administered in three DOSEs starting at 6-12 weeks of age
- Both the candidate vaccines when coadministered with OPV, immune response to first DOSE of these vaccines is reduced
- However, immune responses to subsequent rotavirus vaccine DOSEs are not affected
- In view of this, WHO recommends three DOSEs of either vaccine to be given to children in developing countries to produce the optimum response
- The cost effectiveness of the three DOSE schedule of the available and the rsults of the field trials of the indigenous vaccines should be assessed before inclusion of rotavirus vaccine in the National Immunization Schedule.
1569. Low HPV vaccine coverage among female community college students.
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- Specific research questions were: (1) What proportion of respondents have initiated the HPV vaccine, and what proportion have completed the three-DOSE series? (2) What demographic (e.g., age, ethnicity), psychosocial (e.g., vaccine-related beliefs, perceived social norms), and health care-related variables (e.g., health insurance status, provider recommendation, health care trust and satisfaction) are associated with vaccine initiation for this sample? Participants were recruited from the campus of a community college in central Los Angeles
- An anonymous web-based survey assessed number of HPV vaccine DOSEs received as well as demographic information, HPV- and HPV vaccine-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior, perceived social norms, provider & health care system factors, sexual behavior, cervical health, and mother-daughter communication about sex
1570. Low dose vaccination with attenuated Francisella tularensis strain SchuS4 mutants protects against tularemia independent of the route of vaccination.
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- Together our data provides proof of principle that low DOSE attenuated vaccines may be a viable goal in development of novel vaccines directed against tularemia.
1571. Review of the United States universal varicella vaccination program: Herpes zoster incidence rates, cost-effectiveness, and vaccine efficacy based primarily on the Antelope Valley Varicella Active Surveillance Project data.
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- By 2006, because 20% of vaccinees were experiencing breakthrough varicella and vaccine-induced protection was waning, the CDC recommended a booster DOSE for children and, in 2007, a shingles vaccination was approved for adults aged 60 years and older
1572. Poor immune response to a standard single dose non-adjuvanted vaccination against 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus A in the adult and elder hemodialysis patients.
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- We evaluated the efficacy of a standard single 15 μg-DOSE of non-adjuvanted monovalent pH1N1/09 vaccine (AdimFlu-S) in vaccine-naïve 110 hemodialysis and 173 healthy participants
- criteria, a single 15 μg-DOSE of non-adjuvanted pH1N1/09 vaccination is safe but ineffective in both adult and elder hemodialysis patients
- Further studies using multiple DOSEs or higher antigen amount are warrant to define the most appropriate regimen.
1573. Post-exposure immunization against Francisella tularensis membrane proteins augments protective efficacy of gentamicin in a mouse model of pneumonic tularemia.
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- Following exposure, mice were immunized with MPF and treated with low-DOSE gentamicin, alone or in combination and the effects on survival, bacterial burden and dissemination were assessed
1574. A dose-escalation safety and immunogenicity study of a new live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (Rotavin-M1) in Vietnamese children.
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- When deemed safe, it was further tested for safety and immunogenicity in 160 infants (4 groups) aged 6-12 weeks in a DOSE and schedule ranging study
- The vaccine was administered in low titer (10(6.0)FFU/DOSE) on a 2-DOSE schedule given 2 months apart (Group 2L) and on a 3-DOSE schedule given 1 month apart (Group 3L) and in high titer (10(6.3)FFU/DOSE) in 2 DOSEs 2 months apart (Group 2H) and in 3 DOSEs 1 month apart (Group 3H)
- For comparison, 40 children (group Rotarix™) were given 2 DOSEs of the lyophilized Rotarix™ vaccine (10(6.5)CCID(50)/DOSE) 1 month apart
- All infants were followed for 30 days after each DOSE for clinical adverse events including diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, irritability and intussusception
- Immunogenicity was assessed by IgA seroconversion and viral shedding was monitored for 7 days after administration of each DOSE
- Two DOSEs of Rotavin-M1 (10(6.3)FFU/DOSE) were well tolerated in adults
- The highest rotavirus IgA seroconversion rate (73%, 95%CI (58-88%)) was achieved in group 2H (2 DOSEs--10(6.3)FFU/DOSE, 2 months apart)
- The 2 DOSE schedules performed slightly better than the 3 DOSE schedules and the higher titer DOSEs performed slightly better than the lower titer DOSEs
- However more infants who received Rotarix™ (65%) shed virus in their stool after the first DOSE than those who received Rotavin-M1 (44-48%) (p<0.05) and the percent shedding decreased after subsequent DOSEs of either vaccine
- A trial in progress will assess the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of Rotavin-M1 (2 DOSEs at 10(6.3)FFU/DOSE) in a larger number of infants
1575. Adoptive cell transfer therapy for malignant gliomas.
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- Also, a strategy of high-DOSE (or lymphodepleting) chemotherapy followed by adoptive cell transfer has been drawing attentions recently
- Also, further studies are expected to clarify the efficacy of the high-DOSE chemotherapy followed by a large scale cell transfer therapy as a new therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas.
1576. Cervical, anal and oral HPV in an adolescent inner-city health clinic providing free vaccinations.
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- Type-specific prevalence of HPV at each anatomic site was compared for individuals by vaccination DOSE using generalized estimating equation logistic regression models
- At enrollment, 21% had not received the vaccine and 51% had received three DOSEs
1577. The impact of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on risk factors for Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in children.
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- Among 9705 children, 20.2% of them received at least 1 DOSE of the PCV7 vaccine
1578. Macaque studies of vaccine and microbicide combinations for preventing HIV-1 sexual transmission.
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- In two separate experiments, four groups of animals were vaccinated with a T-cell-based adenovirus (Ad) vectored vaccine aimed at reducing postinfection viral loads and/or a partially effective DOSE of a vaginal microbicide aimed at blocking infection of a high-DOSE vaginal challenge with SIVmac251 or SHIV-162P3
1579. Co-administration of morphine and oxycodone vaccines reduces the distribution of 6-monoacetylmorphine and oxycodone to brain in rats.
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- Administration of a single concurrent intravenous DOSE of 6-MAM and oxycodone to rats immunized with the bivalent vaccine increased 6-MAM, morphine and oxycodone retention in serum and reduced the distribution of 6-MAM and oxycodone to brain
1580. Dose-specific efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.
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- In settings where large numbers of children receive only one or two vaccine DOSEs rather than the recommended three DOSEs, DOSE-specific efficacy estimates are needed to predict impact
- The objective of this meta-analysis is to determine Hib vaccine efficacy against different clinical outcomes after receiving one, two or three DOSEs of vaccine
- Pooled vaccine efficacies against invasive Hib disease after one, two or three DOSEs of vaccine were 59%, 92% and 93%, respectively
1581. Impact of a web-based personally controlled health management system on influenza vaccination and health services utilization rates: a randomized controlled trial.
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- A DOSE-response effect was detected, where greater use of the PCHMS was associated with higher rates of vaccination (p=0.001) and health service provider visits (p=0.003)
1582. A cell culture-derived whole-virus H9N2 vaccine induces high titer antibodies against hemagglutinin and neuraminidase and protects mice from severe lung pathology and weight loss after challenge with a highly virulent H9N2 isolate.
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- Vaccinated mice were protected from lung virus replication in a DOSE-dependent manner after challenge with the homologous H9N2 virus
- DOSE-dependent protection from severe weight loss was also provided after challenge with the highly virulent mouse-adapted H9N2 virus
- The induction of high titers of H9N2-specific HI, virus-neutralizing and NAi antibodies and DOSE-dependent protection from virus replication and severe disease in animal models suggest that the Vero cell culture-derived whole-virus vaccine will provide an effective intervention in the event of a H9N2 pandemic situation.
1583. Vaccination coverage of health care personnel working in health care facilities in France: results of a national survey, 2009.
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- VC for compulsory vaccinations was 91.7% for hepatitis B, 95.5% for the booster DOSE of diphtheria-tetanus-polio (DTP), 94.9% for BCG
- For non-compulsory vaccinations, coverage was 11.4% for the 10 year booster of the DTP pertussis containing vaccine, 49.7% for at least one DOSE of measles, 29.9% for varicella and 25.6% for influenza
1584. Phase I trial of a glypican-3-derived peptide vaccine for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: immunologic evidence and potential for improving overall survival.
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- Thirty-three patients with advanced HCC underwent GPC3 peptide vaccination (intradermal injections on days 1, 15, and 29 with DOSE escalation)
1585. Intravesical valrubicin in patients with bladder carcinoma in situ and contraindication to or failure after bacillus Calmette-Guérin.
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- Patients underwent a primary disease evaluation (PDE) at 3 months (≈ 6 weeks after last DOSE) that included cytoscopy, biopsy, and cytology
1586. Synthetic Influenza vaccine (FLU-v) stimulates cell mediated immunity in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled Phase I trial.
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- Volunteers received one single low (250 μg) or high (500 μg) DOSE of FLU-v, either alone or adjuvanted
- DOSE-dependent IFN-γ responses >2-fold the pre-vaccination level were detected in 80% and 100% of volunteers receiving, respectively, the low and high DOSE adjuvanted FLU-v formulations
1587. Do Florida Medicaid providers' barriers to HPV vaccination vary based on VFC program participation?
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- A cross-sectional study was conducted using a 27-item survey that included 13 potential barriers to immunizing Medicaid patients against HPV, including concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy, discussing sexuality, vaccinated teens practicing riskier sexual behaviors, cost and reimbursement, ensuring 3-DOSE series completion, and school attendance requirements associated with HPV vaccination
1588. A trivalent recombinant Ad5 gag/pol/nef vaccine fails to protect rhesus macaques from infection or control virus replication after a limiting-dose heterologous SIV challenge.
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- To evaluate protective efficacy, we challenged the immunized macaques, along with naïve controls, with repeated, limiting DOSEs of the heterologous swarm isolate SIVsmE660
1589. Paternal education status significantly influences infants' measles vaccination uptake, independent of maternal education status.
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- Logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the influence of paternal education on uptake of the first DOSE of measles vaccination, independent of maternal education, whilst controlling for confounding factors such as respondent's age, urban/rural residence, province/state of residence, religion, wealth and occupation
1590. A(H1N1)v2009: a controlled observational prospective cohort study on vaccine safety in pregnancy.
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- We provide and apply methods novel in observational studies on pregnancy outcome, especially if a single DOSE exposure is investigated.
1591. Cost-effectiveness of potential infant vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus infection in The Netherlands.
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- In case all infants would be offered a potentially safe and effective 3-DOSE RSV vaccination scheme at the age of 0, 1 and 3 months, the total annual net costs were estimated to increase to €21.2 million, but 544 hospitalizations and 1.5 deaths would be averted
- A reduced DOSE schedule, seasonal vaccination, and consideration of out-of-pocket expenses all resulted in more favorable ICER values, whereas a reduced vaccine efficacy or a delay in the timing of vaccination resulted in less favorable ICERs
1592. A virosomal vaccine against candidal vaginitis: immunogenicity, efficacy and safety profile in animal models.
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- PEV7 was also found to be safe in a repeated-DOSE toxicological study in rats
1593. Study designs for the nonclinical safety testing of new vaccine products.
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- In this article the study designs currently accepted for the nonclinical safety testing of new vaccines are described for single DOSE, local tolerance, repeat DOSE toxicity and safety pharmacology studies; these studies together form the basis of a typical nonclinical safety evaluation dossier
- The detailed design of the preclinical package must take account of the intended clinical use, patient population, route of administration, formulation, DOSE level and immunisation schedule
- Single DOSE toxicity studies provide information on acute actions or the potential effect of accidental overDOSE, but this information is often available from the repeat DOSE toxicity study, obviating the need for the acute study
- The repeated DOSE toxicity studies are the principal studies that support the safety profile of the vaccines
- The design of these studies must take full account of the features of the vaccine in the choice of treatment regime, DOSE levels, pharmacodynamic monitoring and timing of investigations and sacrifice
1594. Patterns of hepatitis B infection in Egyptian children in the era of obligatory hepatitis B vaccination.
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- The first DOSE of vaccine is administered at 2 months of age and routine screening of pregnant women for HBsAg is not applied
- Mass screening for HBsAg of pregnant Egyptian women and/or giving a birth DOSE of HBV vaccine is becoming mandatory with the increased incidence of vertical transmission.
1595. DNA vaccine-generated duck polyclonal antibodies as a postexposure prophylactic to prevent hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).
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1596. Intranasal immunization with live attenuated influenza vaccine plus chitosan as an adjuvant protects mice against homologous and heterologous virus challenge.
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- Mice were inoculated intranasally with live attenuated influenza vaccine plus chitosan and then challenged with a high, lethal DOSE of homologous or heterologous virus
1597. Methodology and lessons-learned from the efficacy clinical trial of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in Bangladesh.
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- A total of 1136 infants were randomized 1:1 to receive 3 DOSEs of PRV/placebo at approximately 6-, 10-, and 14-weeks of age with routine vaccines of the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) schedule
- Among enrolled infants, 1128 (99.3%) received 3 DOSEs of PRV/placebo and efficacy follow-up was conducted for a median of 554 days
- For the evaluation of immunogenicity, blood samples were collected from 150 participants preDOSE 1 and from 147 (98%) of the same participants post DOSE 3
1598. Immunogenicity of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in African infants.
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- In total, 5468 infants were randomized 1:1 to receive 3 DOSEs of PRV or placebo at approximately 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age
- Sera were collected pre-DOSE 1 (pD1) and approximately 14 days post-DOSE 3 (PD3) for immunological analysis
1599. Secondary efficacy endpoints of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against gastroenteritis in sub-Saharan Africa.
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- In total, 5468 infants were randomized 1:1 to receive 3 DOSEs of PRV/placebo at approximately 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age; concomitant administration with routine EPI vaccines, including OPV, was allowed
- The primary endpoint, vaccine efficacy (VE) against severe-rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE), as measured by Vesikari scoring system (VSS, score ≥11), from ≥14 days following DOSE 3 through a follow-up period of nearly 2 years in the combined 3 African countries, and secondary endpoints by total follow-up period have been previously reported
1600. Efficacy of the oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in Mali.
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- We randomly assigned infants in a 1:1 ratio to receive 3 DOSEs of PRV/placebo at approximately 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age
- The primary study outcome was severe RVGE, as defined by a score of ≥ 11 using the Vesikari Clinical Scoring System occurring ≥ 14 days after the third DOSE until the end of the study
- Other efficacy analyses included efficacy against severe RVGE through the first year and during the second years of life, as well as efficacy after receiving at least one DOSE of vaccine
- 82.5% of Malian infants (95% CI: 70.1,91.3%) who received PRV mounted a seroresponse (≥ 3-fold rise from baseline (prevaccination) to post-DOSE 3 vaccination) of anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin A antibody, with a post third-DOSE geometric mean titer (GMT) of 31.3 units/mL
- By contrast, only 20.0% of placebo recipients (95% CI: 10.0, 33.7%) developed a seroresponse and the post-third DOSE GMT was 3.2 units/mL
1601. Safety of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (PRV), RotaTeq(®), in Kenya, including among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed infants.
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- 1308 Infants were randomized 1:1 to receive 3 DOSEs of PRV/placebo at approximately 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age
- All serious adverse events (SAE) within 14 days of any DOSE, and vaccine-related SAEs, intussusception, and deaths occurring at any time during the study, were reported ("SAE surveillance")
- In addition, 297 participants were followed for 42 days after any DOSE for any adverse event (AE), regardless of severity ("intensive safety surveillance")
1602. Efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in a high HIV prevalence population in Kenya.
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- Infants received 3 DOSEs of PRV/placebo at approximately 6-, 10-, and 14-weeks of age
- The primary endpoint was severe RVGE (Vesikari score ≥ 11), occurring ≥ 14 days following the third DOSE
1603. Efficacy and immunogenicity of two or three dose rotavirus-vaccine regimen in South African children over two consecutive rotavirus-seasons: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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- A prospective, double-blind, placebo controlled multi-centered trial in South Africa and Malawi randomly assigned infants in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either two (10 and 14 weeks; HRV_2D) or three (6, 10 and 14 weeks; HRV_3D) DOSEs of HRV or placebo
1604. Efficacy of human rotavirus vaccine against severe gastroenteritis in Malawian children in the first two years of life: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.
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- Two groups received three DOSEs of RIX4414 or placebo at age 6, 10, and 14 weeks and the third group received placebo at 6 weeks and RIX4414 at age 10 and 14 weeks
- A total of 70/1030 (6.8%, 95% CI 5.3-8.5) subjects in the pooled (2 DOSE plus 3 DOSE) RIX4414 group compared with 53/483 (11.0%, 8.3-14.1) subjects in the placebo group developed severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in the entire follow-up period (vaccine efficacy 38.1% (9.8-57.3))
- There were non-significant trends towards a higher efficacy in the second year of life among children who received the three-DOSE schedule compared with the two-DOSE schedule, and a higher anti-rotavirus IgA seroresponse rate in the three-DOSE RIX4414 group
1605. Influence of oral polio vaccines on performance of the monovalent and pentavalent rotavirus vaccines.
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- Limited data suggests that the interference is greater after the first DOSE of OPV, presumably because the first DOSE is associated with greatest intestinal replication of vaccine polio virus strains, and this interference is largely overcome with subsequent rotavirus vaccine DOSEs
1606. Immunogenicity of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine among infants in two developing countries in Asia, Bangladesh and Vietnam.
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- 2036 infants were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive three oral DOSEs of PRV or placebo approximately at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age
- A total of 303 infants were evaluated for immunogenicity and blood samples were collected before the first DOSE (pD1) and approximately 14 days following the third DOSE (PD3)
- Three oral DOSEs of PRV were immunogenic in two GAVI-eligible Asian countries: Bangladesh and Vietnam
1607. Higher risk of measles when the first dose of a 2-dose schedule of measles vaccine is given at 12-14 months versus 15 months of age.
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- In 2011, >750 cases of measles were reported in Quebec, Canada, where a routine 2-DOSE measles immunization schedule, in which measles vaccine is given at 12 and 18 months of age, had been in effect since 1996
- The VE among 2-DOSE recipients was 95.5% against classical and 94.2% against all (classical + attenuated) measles
- Among 2-DOSE recipients, attack rates with first immunization at 12 and ≥15 months of age were 5.8% and 2.0%, respectively, with corresponding VE values of 93.0% and 97.5%
- The risk of measles in 2-DOSE recipients was significantly (3-4-fold) higher when vaccine was first administered at 12 months of age, compared with ≥15 months of age (P = .04)
- Despite compliance with the recommended 2-DOSE measles immunization schedule, 6% of high school students were susceptible during this outbreak
- Residual susceptibility was 2-4-fold higher among 2-DOSE recipients who had received the first DOSE of vaccine prior to 15 months of age
- If confirmed in other settings, these results suggest that administration of the first DOSE of measles vaccine before 15 months of age may not be optimal for measles elimination efforts.
1608. A novel fusion protein containing the receptor binding domains of C. difficile toxin A and toxin B elicits protective immunity against lethal toxin and spore challenge in preclinical efficacy models.
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- difficile infection model, immunization with the fusion protein reduced disease severity and conferred significant protection against a lethal DOSE of C
1609. Comparison of vaccine efficacy for different antigen delivery systems for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus vaccines in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in a cohabitation challenge model.
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- Antibody levels induced by these vaccines did not show antigenic differences between the virulent and avirulent motifs for vaccines made with the same antigen DOSE and delivery system after 8 weeks post vaccination
- Ability of the virulent (T(217)A(221)) and avirulent (P(217)T(221)) motifs to limit establishment of infection showed equal protection for vaccines made of the same antigen DOSE and delivery systems
1610. Systems analysis of MVA-C induced immune response reveals its significance as a vaccine candidate against HIV/AIDS of clade C.
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- The vector MVA-C has the ability to cross-present antigens to HIV-specific CD8 T cells in vitro and to increase CD8 T cell proliferation in a DOSE-dependent manner
1611. Relative trends in hospitalizations and mortality among infants by the number of vaccine doses and age, based on the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1990-2010.
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- Based on the types of vaccines reported, the actual number of vaccine DOSEs administered, from 1 to 8, was summed for each case
- Linear regression analysis of hospitalization rates as a function of (a) the number of reported vaccine DOSEs and (b) patient age yielded a linear relationship with r(2) = 0.91 and r(2) = 0.95, respectively
- The hospitalization rate increased linearly from 11.0% (107 of 969) for 2 DOSEs to 23.5% (661 of 2817) for 8 DOSEs and decreased linearly from 20.1% (154 of 765) for children aged <0.1 year to 10.7% (86 of 801) for children aged 0.9 year
- The rate ratio (RR) of the mortality rate for 5-8 vaccine DOSEs to 1-4 vaccine DOSEs is 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-1.7), indicating a statistically significant increase from 3.6% (95% CI, 3.2-3.9%) deaths associated with 1-4 vaccine DOSEs to 5.5% (95% CI, 5.2-5.7%) associated with 5-8 vaccine DOSEs
- Our findings show a positive correlation between the number of vaccine DOSEs administered and the percentage of hospitalizations and deaths
1612. Novel approaches of chemoradiotherapy in unresectable stage IIIA and stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer.
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- The preliminary results of a phase III trial that compared conventionally fractionated standard-DOSE TRT (60 Gy) with high-DOSE TRT (74 Gy) revealed an inferior survival outcome among patients assigned to the high-DOSE arm
1613. Risk perceptions after human papillomavirus vaccination in HIV-infected adolescents and young adult women.
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- Immediately after receiving the first vaccine DOSE, participants completed a confidential questionnaire that included three 5-item scales measuring perceived risk of HPV, perceived risk of other STIs, and need for safer sexual behaviors
1614. New vaccines for the prevention of tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus infection.
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- The DarDar Trial, a large, randomized, placebo-controlled efficacy trial conducted in Tanzania, has demonstrated that a multiple DOSE series of an inactivated whole cell mycobacterial vaccine is safe in HIV and can prevent HIV-associated TB in patients with childhood bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination and CD4 counts of ≥200 cells/mm(3)
1615. TLR3 and RIG-I gene variants: associations with functional effects on receptor expression and responses to measles virus and vaccine in vaccinated infants.
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- In 1-year-old Australian infants after their first measles vaccine DOSE, we investigated functional effects of TLR3 and RIG-I polymorphisms on intracellular protein expression using flow cytometry, cytokine responses to receptor ligands and measles lysate, and post-vaccination measles IgG levels
1616. Nanoparticulate adjuvants and delivery systems for allergen immunotherapy.
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- Thus, effective and safe vaccines with reduced DOSE of allergen have been developed using adjuvants
1617. Mycophenolate and lower graft function reduce the seroresponse of kidney transplant recipients to pandemic H1N1 vaccination.
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- The likelihood of seroprotection in transplant recipients was significantly reduced by mycophenolate use (adjusted odds ratio 0.24), in a DOSE-dependent manner, and by reduced eGFR (adjusted odds ratio 0.16 for worst to best)
1618. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in patients on hemodialysis: an analysis of a natural experiment.
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- Alternate strategies (eg, high-DOSE vaccine, adjuvanted vaccine, and multiple DOSEs) should be investigated.
1619. Development and efficacy of an attenuated Vibrio harveyi vaccine candidate with cross protectivity against Vibrio alginolyticus.
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- Virulence analysis showed that compared to T4D, T4DM exhibited a dramatically increased median lethal DOSE, impaired tissue dissemination capacity, defective hemolytic activity, and significantly reduced resistance against the killing effect of host serum
1620. Seroprevalence of measles among children affected by national measles elimination program in Korea, 2010.
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- Among birth cohorts, 2007-2008 cohorts were grouped to evaluate the timeliness of first DOSE of MMR, 1994-2003 cohorts were grouped to evaluate the effect of keep-up MMR2 campaign, and 1992-1993 cohorts were grouped to evaluate the effect of catch-up campaign in 2001
1621. The respiratory syncytial virus G protein conserved domain induces a persistent and protective antibody response in rodents.
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- (iii) G2Na at low DOSEs
- (iv) injecting RSV primed mice with a single DOSE of G2Na/Alum or G2Na/PLGA [poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide]
1622. Microneedle-mediated vaccine delivery: harnessing cutaneous immunobiology to improve efficacy.
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- Finally, microneedles will need to demonstrate consistent DOSE delivery across patient groups and match this to reliable immune responses before they will replace tried-and-tested needle-and-syringe-based approaches.
1623. Adaptive immune response to model antigens is impaired in murine leukocyte-adhesion deficiency-1 revealing elevated activation thresholds in vivo.
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- However, a decrease in the hapten/protein ratio lowered the efficacy of immune responses in CD18⁻/⁻ mice, whereas a mere reduction of the antigen DOSE was less crucial
1624. Protective immunity against Legionnaires' disease in an A/J mouse model using a DNA vaccine composed of an outer membrane protein (29 kDa) and the pilE fusion protein.
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- The DNA vaccine (pcDip/pilE) can protect the A/J mouse against a higher DOSE (2 × 10(7)L
1625. Dog Bites among Off-Road Cyclists: A Report of Two Cases.
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- The cyclists received all 5-DOSE regimen of the rabies vaccine and returned to sport after 6 weeks
1626. Hepatitis B vaccine antibody response and the risk of clinical AIDS or death.
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- From a large HIV cohort, we evaluated those who received HBV vaccine only after HIV diagnosis and had anti-HBs determination 1-12 months after the last vaccine DOSE
1627. Nucleic acid adjuvants: toward an educated vaccine.
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- While extremely potent vaccines have been developed that can protect practically a lifetime after a single DOSE, numerous other vaccines have utterly failed or provide only marginal protection
1628. Parental and societal values for the risks and benefits of childhood combination vaccines.
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- However, possible drawbacks include higher prices, extra DOSEs of vaccine antigens and increased minor adverse events
- Values were measured for attributes of combination vaccines for a hypothetical child aged 6 months: (1) number of injections, (2) extra DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine, (3) 20% higher chance of fever, (4) community-level immunization coverage of 2-year-olds of 90% or 80%, and (5) cost per visit
- There was no significant preference to avoid an extra DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine
1629. Waning intestinal immunity after vaccination with oral poliovirus vaccines in India.
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- We examined the degree and duration of intestinal mucosal immunity in India by measuring the prevalence of vaccine poliovirus in stool samples collected 4-28 days after a "challenge" DOSE of OPV among 47 574 children with acute flaccid paralysis reported during 2005-2009
1630. Assessing the immunological response to hepatitis B vaccination in HIV-infected patients in clinical practice.
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- We analyzed the response to vaccination (antiHBs titers) in 474 HIV-infected patients receiving ≥ 1 DOSEs of vaccine between 1994 and 2009
- Regardless of the number of DOSEs, schedules, and whether or not they completed the course, the response rates were 71.1% (337/474)
- After adjustment for year of reception of the first DOSE, responders were less likely to have a higher baseline HIV 1-RNA viral load (OR: 0.78 95% CI: 0.68-0.91) and more likely to have a CD4 count ≥ 350 cells/μL (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.03-3.62)
- Patients receiving less than three DOSEs of vaccine (OR: 0.31 95% CI 0.15-0.61) or three DOSEs of the rapidly accelerated schedule (OR: 0.35 95% CI 0.15-0.81) had a lower probability of response in comparison with those receiving three DOSEs of an accelerated schedule
1631. Pharmacokinetics and disposition of various drug loaded liposomes.
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- In vivo behaviors of liposomal drugs highly depend on their physiochemical properties including lipid composition, particle size, surface charge, surface modifications and the administrated DOSE as well as the route of administration
1632. Preliminary assessment of the efficacy of a T-cell-based influenza vaccine, MVA-NP+M1, in humans.
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- Volunteers had a significantly increased T-cell response to the vaccine antigens following a single DOSE of the vaccine, with an increase in cytolytic effector molecules
1633. Oral and intranasal administration of somatostatin DNA vaccine mediated by attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to promote growth of piglets.
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- The levels of SS antibodies in the high-DOSE immunized group (5 × 10(10) CFU) were significantly higher than that in the phosphate buffered saline immunized group (P < 0.01) and 40% of animals were positive in SS antibodies in the high-DOSE immunized group
- Moreover, the weight gain of the high-DOSE group was increased by 20.86%, 10.26% and 15.30% during 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively, after immunization in comparison to the control
- For intranasal immunization, the growth of the low-DOSE group was increased by 10.23% in the whole test period (12 weeks)
1634. Therapeutic immunization with radio-attenuated Leishmania parasites through i.m. route revealed protection against the experimental murine visceral leishmaniasis.
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- As seen in our previous studies, DOSEs of attenuation by γ-radiation should be taken into serious consideration
- Attenuation of parasites at 50 Gy of absorbed DOSE of gamma rays has not worked well
- donovani parasites radio-attenuated at particular DOSEs can be exploited as a promising vaccine agent
1635. [Abstract efficacy of combined vaccine for the prevention of HBV transmission in highly viremic HBeAg+ mothers and the HBV markers' dynamic change of babies in follow-up].
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- To evaluate the efficacy of combined vaccination with 200IU DOSE of HBIG and 20 μg of anti-HBV vaccine for the prevention of HBV vertical transmission in babies delivered by HBeAg + and highly viremic mothers and the HBV markers' dynamic changes in babies during follow-up
1636. Impact of preexisting adenovirus vector immunity on immunogenicity and protection conferred with an adenovirus-based H5N1 influenza vaccine.
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- To address this issue, we primed BALB/c mice either intranasally (i.n.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) with varying DOSEs of wild type (WT) human adenovirus subtype 5 (HAd5)
- of HAd-WT were overcome by either increasing the vaccine DOSE or using alternate routes of vaccination
- A further increase in the priming DOSE to 10(9) p.f.u
1637. Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected individuals.
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- In HIV-infected adults, PCV vaccination induces more durable and functional antibody responses in individuals on ART at the time of vaccination than in ART-naive adults, independently of baseline CD4+ cell count, although there does not appear to be much benefit from a second-DOSE of PCV
1638. Reconsidering the paradigm of cancer immunotherapy by computationally aided real-time personalization.
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- Simulations, based on personalized models, suggested that an increase in vaccine DOSE and administration frequency would stabilize the disease in most patients
1639. Acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children.
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- Most systemic and local adverse events were significantly less common with aP vaccines than with wP vaccines for the primary series as well as for the booster DOSE
- Multi-component (≥ three) aP vaccines are effective and show less adverse effects than wP vaccines for the primary series as well as for booster DOSEs.
1640. Polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor genes influence antibody responses to cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B vaccine.
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- We genotyped 142 women previously vaccinated with three DOSEs of CMV gB for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR 1-4, 6, 7, 9, and 10, and their associated intracellular signaling genes
- SNP rs1953090 in IKBKE was associated with changes in antibody level from second to third DOSE of vaccine; homozygotes for the minor allele exhibited lower antibody responses while homozygotes for the major allele showed increased responses over time
1641. [Evaluation of serological status of children following hepatitis B vaccination during infancy].
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- The aims of this study were to determine anti-HBs positivity in children who had received three DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine during infancy and to evaluate the factors that may affect the serological status
- The study encompassed 912 children (393 female, 519 male; aged 1-5 years old) who had been immunized with three DOSEs of intramuscular recombinant hepatitis B vaccine during infancy
- In seronegative children, anti-HBs levels were re-checked 4 weeks after receiving one booster DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine
- The remaining 35 (3.8%) children with undetectable antibody levels became seropositive after one DOSE of hepatitis B vaccination, with the antibody levels of ≥ 100 mIU/ml
- The results of this study indicated that almost all 1-5 years old children who had received three DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine during infancy were protected from hepatitis B virus infection
1642. [Study on combined immunization of rAd/MDC-VP1 and pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 against Coxsackievirus B3 challenge in mice].
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- The mice in each group were challenged with lethal DOSE of CVB3, and the serum virus titer was assayed and the protection efficacy against Coxsackievirus infection was observed
- Both the cellular and humoral immune responses in mice could be significantly enhanced by the rAd/MDC-VP1 prime-pcDNA3/MDC-VP1 boost strategy and the protection rate after challenged by lethal DOSE of virus could be increased.
1643. Long-term follow-up of prostate cancer patients treated with vaccine and definitive radiation therapy.
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- A total of 18 patients were treated with adjuvant standard-DOSE interleukin-2 (S-IL-2) (4 MIU m(-2)) and 18 were treated with very low-DOSE IL-2 (M-IL-2) (0.6 MIU m(-2))
1644. Immunogenicity of a lentiviral-based DNA vaccine driven by the 5'LTR of the naturally attenuated caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in mice and macaques.
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- We developed a HIV DNA vaccine (Δ4-SHIVKU2) that has been shown to induce potent polyfunctional HIV-specific T cell responses following a single DOSE immunization of mice and macaques
- Immunization of mice and macaques using our single DOSE immunization regimen resulted in induction of similar IFN-γ ELISPOT responses in Δ4-SHIVKU2- and CAL-Δ4-SHIVKU2-treated mice
1645. Infectious co-factors in HIV-1 transmission herpes simplex virus type-2 and HIV-1: new insights and interventions.
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- While prospective studies show that HSV-2 infection increases the risk for HIV-1 acquisition by 2- to 3-fold, HSV-2 suppression with standard prophylactic DOSEs of HSV-2 therapy did not prevent HIV-1 acquisition
- A promising area of research is higher DOSEs of HSV-2 suppressive therapy achieving a greater reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA, which could translate to greater reductions in HIV-1 disease progression and infectiousness
- However, many questions remain to be answered including potential effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of higher DOSE HSV-2 suppressive therapy
- Mathematical models of HSV-2 and HIV-1 at a population level would be useful tools to estimate the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of higher DOSE HSV-2 suppressive therapy.
1646. The contribution of systemic and pulmonary immune effectors to vaccine-induced protection from H5N1 influenza virus infection.
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- Our results show that, after one DOSE of an H5N1 LAIV, pulmonary influenza-specific lymphocytes are the main contributors to clearance of challenge virus from the lungs and that contributions of influenza-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies in serum and splenic CD8(+) T cells were negligible
- Complete protection from H5N1 challenge was achieved after two DOSEs of H5N1 LAIV and was associated with maturation of the antibody response
- Although passive transfer of sera from mice that received two DOSEs of vaccine prevented lethality in naive recipients following challenge, the mice showed significant weight loss, with high pulmonary titers of the H5N1 virus
1647. Regulating mammalian target of rapamycin to tune vaccination-induced CD8(+) T cell responses for tumor immunity.
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- Strikingly, a short course of high-DOSE, but not low-DOSE, rapamycin treatment transiently blocks viral vaccination-induced mammalian target of rapamycin activity in CD8(+) T cells favoring persistence and Ag-recall responses over type 1 effector maturation; however, prolonged high-DOSE rapamycin administration abrogated memory responses
- Furthermore, a short course of high-DOSE rapamycin treatment generated CD8(+) T cell memory responses that were independent of IL-15 and IL-7 and were programmed early for sustenance and greater tumor efficacy
1648. Deficient long-term response to pandemic vaccine results in an insufficient antibody response to seasonal influenza vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients.
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- We performed a multicenter prospective study in SOTR receiving one DOSE of the nonadjuvant 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccine and determined the immunological response at 5 weeks after vaccination
1649. Potential impact of accelerating the primary dose of rotavirus vaccine in infants.
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- We estimated the potential impact of administering the first DOSE of rotavirus vaccine at 6 weeks (42 days of life) instead of 2 months of age, which is permissible for all U.S
- We used published data for hospitalization rates, vaccine coverage, and vaccine efficacy after one DOSE and assumed a two-week delay in seroconversion after vaccine administration in the United States
- Administering the first DOSE of rotavirus vaccine at 6 weeks instead of 8 weeks of age should have prevented 1110, 1660, and 2210 rotavirus hospitalizations among U.S
1650. Persistence of hepatitis A vaccine induced seropositivity in infants and young children by maternal antibody status: 10-year follow-up.
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- One hundred ninety-seven infants and young children were randomized into three groups to receive a two-DOSE hepatitis A vaccine: group 1 at 6 and 12 months, group 2 at 12 and 18 months, and group 3 at 15 and 21 months of age
- Anti-HAV levels were measured at 1 and 6 months and at 3, 5, 7, and 10 years after the second DOSE of hepatitis A vaccination
- Children in all groups had evidence of seroprotection (>10 mIU/mL) at 1 month after the second DOSE
- Anti-HAV levels through 10 years of age correlated with initial peak anti-HAV levels (tested at 1 month after the second DOSE)
1651. Pitfalls in anti-influenza T cell detection by Elispot using thimerosal containing pandemic H1N1 vaccine as antigen.
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- Multi-DOSE vials of vaccine containing thimerosal remain important for vaccine delivery and our results alert about false-positive results of Elispot to monitor the clinical efficacy of these vaccines
1652. Modelling the influence of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine antigen stability and dose on the bovine immune response.
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1653. Signal identification and evaluation for risk of febrile seizures in children following trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project, 2010-2011.
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- Although the CSL TIV vaccine was not recommended for use in young children in the US, during the 2010-2011 influenza season near real-time surveillance was conducted for febrile seizures in the 0-1 days following first DOSE TIV in a cohort of 206,174 vaccinated children ages 6 through 59 months in the Vaccine Safety Datalink Project
- Risk difference estimates varied by age due to the varying baseline risk for seizures in young children, with the highest estimates occurring at 16 months (12.5 per 100,000 DOSEs for TIV without concomitant PCV13, 13.7 per 100,000 DOSEs for PCV13 without concomitant TIV, and 44.9 per 100,000 DOSEs for concomitant TIV and PCV13) and the lowest estimates occurring at 59 months (1.1 per 100,000 DOSEs for TIV without concomitant PCV13, 1.2 per 100,000 DOSEs for PCV13 without concomitant TIV, and 4.0 per 100,000 DOSEs for concomitant TIV and PCV13)
1654. Efficacy of early neonatal vitamin A supplementation in reducing mortality during infancy in Ghana, India and Tanzania: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
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- Subgroup analysis will be carried out to determine the effect by birth weight, sex, and timing of DTP vaccine, socioeconomic groups and maternal large-DOSE vitamin A supplementation
1655. Dendritic cell targeted chitosan nanoparticles for nasal DNA immunization against SARS CoV nucleocapsid protein.
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- Our results suggest that targeted pDNA delivery through a noninvasive intranasal route can be a strategy for designing low-DOSE vaccines.
1656. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serological detection of exposure of poultry in New Zealand to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and their serological response to vaccination.
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- An existing swine erysipelas ELISA was modified for use in domestic poultry and was validated using sera from birds injected with either 2 mL of a commercially available killed swine erysipelas vaccine (low-DOSE; n=12 birds), 4 mL of vaccine (high-DOSE; n=11 birds), or 2 mL saline (control; n=11 birds) on Day 0 and again on Day 21
- OD readings were higher on Days 21, 42, and 63 than Day 0 in both the low-DOSE and high-DOSE groups (p<0.05), and differed amongst the three groups on Days 21, 42, and 63 (p<0.05), suggesting that vaccination using either DOSE induced detectable levels of antibody, even after a single DOSE
- In addition, the high-DOSE protocol induced higher levels of antibody production than the low-DOSE protocol
1657. Single-dose immunization with virus replicon particles confers rapid robust protection against Rift Valley fever virus challenge.
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- Using a mouse model, we show that VRP(RVF) immunization provides the optimal balance of safety and single-DOSE robust efficacy
- Single-DOSE subcutaneous immunization with VRP(RVF), although it is highly attenuated, completely protected mice against a virulent RVFV challenge DOSE which was 100,000-fold greater than the 50% lethal DOSE (LD(50))
1658. The immune response to a vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine vector is independent of particulate antigen secretion and protein turnover rate.
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- Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a highly cytopathic virus being developed as a vaccine vector due to its ability to induce strong protective T cell and antibody responses after a single DOSE
1659. Sustained immunogenicity and efficacy of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine: up to 8.4 years of follow-up.
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- We report the long-term efficacy and immunogenicity of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine (Cervarix (®) ) up to 8.4 y after the first vaccine DOSE
- Subjects were followed up to 6.4 y after the first DOSE (n = 776)
1660. Ipilimumab and a poxviral vaccine targeting prostate-specific antigen in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial.
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- We did a phase 1 DOSE-escalation trial, with a subsequent expansion phase, to assess the safety and tolerability of escalating DOSEs of ipilimumab in combination with a fixed DOSE of the PSA-Tricom vaccine
- Intravenous ipilimumab was given monthly starting at day 15, in DOSEs of 1, 3, 5, and 10 mg/kg
- We completed enrolment with 30 patients (24 of whom had not been previously treated with chemotherapy) and we did not identify any DOSE-limiting toxic effects
1661. Evaluation of cost-effectiveness of live oral pentavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine introduction in Ghana.
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- At a market price of $5 per DOSE, introducing RotaTeq would have a base-case cost of $62.26 per DALY averted, at a market price of $3.50 per DOSE, a base-case cost of $39.59 per DALY averted and at market cost of $1 per DOSE, a base-case cost of $1.81 per DALY averted
1662. [Effect of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine 23(rd) year after a full course of vaccination in healthy young children].
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- Individuals who had anti-HBs titers less 10 mIU/ml, HBsAg, anti-HBc and HBV-DNA all were negative, were given a booster DOSE vaccine and retest for anti-HBs titer after one month
- After eliminated the interference of an early booster DOSE and vaccination outside the study, the positive rate of anti-HBs was 48.1% (39/81) in the vaccine group at year 23, higher than 34.7% (26/75) in control group
- At year 23 after primary vaccination, 84.0% (21/25) individuals in the vaccine group whose anti-HBs and anti-HBc both are negative showed a stronger anamnestic response after received a booster DOSE, while 7.5% (3/40) in the control group
1663. Risk of intussusception following administration of a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in US infants.
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- However, recent postlicensure data from international settings suggest the possibility of a low-level elevated risk, primarily in the first week after the first vaccine DOSE
- During the study period, 786,725 total RV5 DOSEs, which included 309,844 first DOSEs, were administered
- We did not observe a statistically significant increased risk of intussusception with RV5 for either comparison group following any DOSE in either the 1- to 7-day or 1- to 30-day risk window
- For the 1- to 30-day window following all RV5 DOSEs, we observed 21 cases of intussusception compared with 20.9 expected cases (SIR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.62-1.54); following DOSE 1, we observed 7 cases compared with 5.7 expected cases (SIR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.5-2.54)
- For the 1- to 7-day window following all RV5 DOSEs, we observed 4 cases compared with 4.3 expected cases (SIR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.25-2.36); for DOSE 1, we observed 1 case compared with 0.8 expected case (SIR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.03-6.75)
- The upper 95% CI limit of the SIR (6.75) from the historical comparison translates to an upper limit for the attributable risk of 1 intussusception case per 65,287 RV5 DOSE-1 recipients
1664. High-level immunogenicity is achieved vaccine with adjuvanted pandemic H1N1(2009) and improved with booster dosing in a randomized trial of HIV-infected adults.
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- Two dosing strategies (standard DOSE vs standard DOSE plus booster on day 21) were assessed in HIV patients aged 20 to 59 years during the H1N1(2009) pandemic
- High-level immunogenicity was achieved with a single DOSE of this adjuvanted vaccine
1665. Class I histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat suppresses regulatory T cells and enhances immunotherapies in renal and prostate cancer models.
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- Low DOSE (5 mg/kg) entinostat reduced Foxp3 levels in Tregs and this was associated with enhanced tumor growth inhibition in combination with either IL-2 or a SurVaxM vaccine
- In vitro low DOSE entinostat (0.5 µM) induced STAT3 acetylation and a specific inhibitor of STAT3 partially rescued entinostat-induced down-regulation of Foxp3, suggesting that STAT3 signaling is involved in Foxp3 down-regulation by entinostat
1666. Yeast expressed classical swine fever E2 subunit vaccine candidate provides complete protection against lethal challenge infection and prevents horizontal virus transmission.
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- The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal DOSE of yE2 and its efficacy on the prevention of virus horizontal transmission
- All three DOSEs of yE2 (200, 300, and 400μg) could elicit high titers of neutralizing antibodies and protective responses after challenge
- The optimal DOSE of yE2 was recommended to be 300μg of the total amount of secreted proteins
1667. Influenza A/H1N1 vaccination of patients with SLE: can antimalarial drugs restore diminished response under immunosuppressive therapy?
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- A total of 555 SLE patients and 170 healthy controls were vaccinated with a single DOSE of a non-adjuvanted preparation
1668. Effects of the antimalarial drugs ferroquine and artesunate on Plasmodium yoelii yoelii gametocytegenesis and vectorial transmission.
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- The efficacy of these drugs, prescribed at DOSEs subcurative for the asexual forms, were tested against gametocyte production, quantitatively by counting them in the blood and qualitatively by counting the quantity of oocysts developed on the mosquito's midgut, which are indicators of gametocyte activity
- Quantitatively, the comparison of the blood parasite level and the gametocyte index shows that treated mice had a higher level of circulating gametocytes than untreated parasite infested mice, regardless of drug or DOSE (5 or 10 mg/kg)
1669. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of herpes zoster vaccine in persons aged 50-59 years.
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- Subjects were given 1 DOSE of licensed zoster vaccine (ZV) (Zostavax; Merck) and followed for occurrence of HZ for ≥1 year (mean, 1.3 years) postvaccination until accrual of ≥96 confirmed HZ cases (as determined by testing lesions swabs for varicella zoster virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction)
1670. AN APPRAISAL OF RABIES OCCURRENCE AND CONTROL IN KISUMU MUNICIPALITY, KENYA.
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- The post-bite rabies vaccines were mainly purchased from local chemists at KES 7,500 per full DOSE
1671. Protective efficacy of an H1N1 cold-adapted live vaccine against the 2009 pandemic H1N1, seasonal H1N1, and H5N1 influenza viruses in mice.
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- The SC/AAca reassortant induced a sound humoral immune response and complete protection against homologous SC/09 virus challenge in mice after intranasal administration of an at least 10(6) 50% egg infectious DOSE (EID(50)) of SC/AAca
1672. Multiple-clade H5N1 influenza split vaccine elicits broad cross protection against lethal influenza virus challenge in mice by intranasal vaccination.
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- Mice received two DOSEs of influenza split vaccine with oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant SP01 by intranasal administration separated by two weeks
- Single vaccines (3 µg HA per DOSE) included rg-A/Vietnam/1203/2004(Clade 1), rg-A/Indonesia/05/2005(Clade 2.1), and rg-A/Anhui/1/2005(Clade 2.3.4)
- The trivalent vaccine contained 1 µg HA per DOSE of each single vaccine
1673. Effects of dietary tannic acid and vaccination on the course of coccidiosis in experimentally challenged broiler chicken.
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- Each DOSE of the vaccine contained 300-500 sporulated oocysts of each of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella
- On day 18, all experimental groups except for the negative (group 1) were challenged with 10-fold DOSE of Livacox T™ to produce a mild coccidiosis infection
1674. Clinical assessment of a recombinant simian adenovirus ChAd63: a potent new vaccine vector.
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- From 2007 to 2010, we undertook a phase I DOSE and route finding study of a new malaria vaccine, a replication-incompetent chimpanzee adenovirus 63 (ChAd63) encoding the preerythrocytic insert multiple epitope thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (ME-TRAP; n = 54 vaccinees) administered alone (n = 28) or with a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) ME-TRAP booster immunization 8 weeks later (n = 26)
- High levels of TRAP antigen-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, as detected by interferon γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay and flow cytometry, were induced by intramuscular ChAd63 ME-TRAP immunization at DOSEs of 5 × 10(10) viral particles and above
1675. Cost-benefit analysis of in-hospital influenza vaccination of postpartum women.
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- This strategy would be cost-beneficial, holding all other variables to the base case, if the annual maternal influenza attack rate is more than 2.8%, influenza vaccine efficacy is more than 47%, or if vaccine acquisition and administration cost per DOSE are less than $32.78
1676. Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines of 7, 10, and 13 valences in Colombian children.
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- A 2+1 schedule and a vaccination price of US$ 14.00, US$ 14.85 and US$ 16.34 per DOSE were assumed in the base case for PCV-7, -10, and PCV-13 vaccines
1677. An oxycodone conjugate vaccine elicits drug-specific antibodies that reduce oxycodone distribution to brain and hot-plate analgesia.
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- In rats given a single intravenous DOSE of OXY, immunization with OXY(Gly)(4)-KLH increased OXY protein binding and retention in serum while decreasing its unbound (free) concentration in plasma and distribution to brain
- Vaccine efficacy correlated with serum antibody titers, and it was greatest in rats given the lowest OXY DOSE (0.05 mg/kg) but was significant even after a larger OXY DOSE (0.5 mg/kg), equivalent to the high end of the therapeutic range in humans
1678. Clinical evaluation of intradermal vaccination against porcine enzootic pneumonia (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae).
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- The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of single-DOSE intradermal vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on a commercial swine unit
1679. Antiviral applications of Toll-like receptor agonists.
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- The application of low-DOSE agonists of TLRs as vaccine adjuvants or immunoprotective agents is also presented
1680. Efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis among American Indian children.
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- Subjects received 3 DOSEs of vaccine or placebo at 4 to 10 week intervals, with the first DOSE given between 6 and 12 weeks of age
1681. [Recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Work Group (GTEI) of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) and the Infections in Critically Ill Patients Study Group (GEIPC) of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC) for the diagnosis and treatment of influenza A/H1N1 in seriously ill adults admitted to the Intensive Care Unit].
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- Antiviral administration (oseltamivir) should start early (<48 h from the onset of symptoms), with a DOSE of 75 mg every 12h, and with a duration of at least 7 days or until clinical improvement is observed
- Although the use of moderate- or low-DOSE corticosteroids has been proposed for the treatment of influenza A/H1N1 pneumonia, the existing scientific evidence is not sufficient to recommend the use of corticosteroids in these patients
- Children should receive two DOSEs (one per month)
- Immunocompromised patients and the population at risk should receive one DOSE and another DOSE annually
1682. CD205 antigen targeting combined with dendritic cell recruitment factors and antigen-linked CD40L activation primes and expands significant antigen-specific antibody and CD4(+) T cell responses following DNA vaccination of outbred animals.
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- In a proof-of-concept study, we tested the immunogenicity of a single, low DOSE of a novel multi-component DNA construct expressing a CD205-targeted antigen fused to a CD40L minimal functional domain for linked DC activation
1683. A novel therapeutic cytomegalovirus DNA vaccine in allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.
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- We assessed rates of adverse events in all participants who received at least one DOSE of vaccine or placebo
1684. Economic evaluation of the national immunization program of rotavirus vaccination for children in Korea.
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- From the societal perspective, at a vaccination cost of 100000 Korean won (KW; 1 US$ ≈ 1200 KW) per DOSE, universal vaccination would cost 375 620 KW per case averted
1685. Efficacy and immunogenicity of live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in breast-fed and formula-fed European infants.
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- Healthy infants (N = 3994) aged 6-14 weeks who received 2 DOSEs of human rotavirus vaccine/placebo according to a 0-1 or 0-2 month schedule were followed for rotavirus gastroenteritis during 2 epidemic seasons
- Rotavirus IgA seroconversion rate (anti-IgA antibody concentration ≥ 20 mIU/mL) and geometric mean concentrations were measured prevaccination and 1-2 months post-DOSE 2
1686. Efficacy of HBV vaccination in various stages of chronic kidney disease: is earlier better?
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- Various strategies have been developed to overcome the low seroconversion rate in ESRD patients, including co-administering zinc, gamma-interferon,thymopentin, interleukin-2, and levamisole as immunostimulants or adjuvants [3][4],changing the injection mode (intradermal versus intramuscular), or doubling the vaccine DOSE [5]
- Each patient received the vaccine according to a standardized vaccination schedule consisting of 40 μg of the recombinant vaccine "Engerix" at 0, 1, and 6 months.Eight to 12 weeks after the last DOSE of vaccination, anti-HBsAb levels were measured
1687. Evolution of MS lesions to black holes under DNA vaccine treatment.
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- Although we found no overall reduction of the risk for PBH in treated patients, there may be an effect of low-DOSE BHT-3009, depending on the patients' pre-treatment immune responses.
1688. Evaluation of attenuated VSVs with mutated M or/and G proteins as vaccine vectors.
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- Despite these mutations, recombinant VSV with mutated M protein is only moderately attenuated in animals, whereas there are no detailed reports to determine the pathogenicity of recombinant VSV with truncated G protein at high DOSE
1689. Vaccine vectors derived from a large collection of simian adenoviruses induce potent cellular immunity across multiple species.
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1690. Efficacy results of a trial of a herpes simplex vaccine.
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- At months 0, 1, and 6, some subjects received the investigational vaccine, consisting of 20 μg of glycoprotein D from HSV-2 with alum and 3-O-deacylated monophosphoryl lipid A as an adjuvant; control subjects received the hepatitis A vaccine, at a DOSE of 720 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units
- The primary end point was occurrence of genital herpes disease due to either HSV-1 or HSV-2 from month 2 (1 month after DOSE 2) through month 20
1691. Effect of ribavirin on junin virus infection in guinea pigs.
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- Different DOSEs and treatment schedules of ribavirin were tested in a lethal model of JUNV infection
- Our results show that prolonged treatment with high DOSEs of ribavirin significantly reduces the mortality in guinea pigs infected with JUNV
1692. Vaccination of adults 65 years of age and older with tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine (Boostrix(®)): results of two randomized trials.
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- In Study A subjects received single DOSEs of Tdap and seasonal influenza vaccine either co-administered or given one month apart
- In study B, Tdap was non-inferior to Td with respect to diphtheria and tetanus seroprotection, and anti-pertussis GMCs were non-inferior to those observed in infants following a 3-DOSE diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) primary vaccination series, in whom efficacy against pertussis was demonstrated
1693. Prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission in the Netherlands, 2003-2007: children of Chinese mothers are at increased risk of breakthrough infection.
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- All schedules included a birth DOSE of hepatitis B immunoglobuline (HBIg)
- Receiving a birth DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine later than in the first week of life was not associated with an increased risk of perinatal HBV infection
- A shorter period between last vaccination and testing, and having received more DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine were independently associated with a higher anti-HBs titer
- Among infants who received HBIg at birth, we did not detect an increased risk of perinatal HBV infection when the first DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine was administered after the first week of life.
1694. Stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: who, when, and what type?
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- Early randomized trials of high-DOSE chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue showed improved progression-free survival (PFS) over conventional chemotherapy
1695. Economic impact of dengue illness and the cost-effectiveness of future vaccination programs in Singapore.
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- Under population projections by the United Nations, the price per DOSE threshold for which vaccines stop being more cost-effective than the current vector control program ranged from $50 for mass vaccination requiring 3 DOSEs and only conferring 10 years of immunity to $300 for vaccination requiring 2 DOSEs and conferring lifetime immunity
- The thresholds for these vaccine programs to not be cost-effective for Singapore were $100 and $500 per DOSE respectively
1696. Safety and reactogenicity of canarypox ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) and HIV-1 gp120 AIDSVAX B/E vaccination in an efficacy trial in Thailand.
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- Of the 16,402 volunteers, 69% of the participants reported an adverse event any time after the first DOSE
1697. Epitope based recombinant BCG vaccine elicits specific Th1 polarized immune responses in BALB/c mice.
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- Both cellular and humoral immune responses induced by these r-BCG strains were evaluated in BALB/c mice after subcutaneous injection of a single DOSE of 1×10(6)CFU of the individual rBCGs
1698. Mycobacterium indicus pranii as stand-alone or adjunct immunotherapeutic in treatment of experimental animal tuberculosis.
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- The DOSE of 200 bacilli was used for infection via respiratory route in an aerosol chamber
- Chemotherapy (5 days/wk) was given one month after infection and the vaccinated group was given a DOSE of 1x107 bacilli by subcutaneous route
1699. Epidemiological analysis of measles and evaluation of measles surveillance system performance in Iraq, 2005-2010.
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- Those vaccinated with at least one DOSE of measles-containing vaccine had a 3.7-times lower risk of contracting measles than those who were not vaccinated
1700. Efficacy of a heterologous vaccine and adjuvant in ferrets challenged with influenza virus H5N1.
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- Animals in four of the five groups were vaccinated twice 21 days apart, with two DOSEs of a heterologous monovalent subvirion vaccine with or without an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and challenged with a lethal target DOSE of A/Vietnam/1203/04
1701. Adaptive immune stimulation is required to obtain high protection with fatty acid binding protein vaccine candidate against Fasciola hepatica in Balb/C mice.
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- The ADAD system is most effective when it is used 5 days before each DOSE of specific vaccine antigen
1702. Recommendations on the use of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in males--Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2011.
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- ACIP also recommended vaccination with HPV4 for males aged 13 through 21 years who have not been vaccinated previously or who have not completed the 3-DOSE series; males aged 22 through 26 years may be vaccinated
1703. Chemotypical variations in Withania somnifera lead to differentially modulated immune response in BALB/c mice.
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- Additionally, other immune parameters such as proliferation of T and B cells, intracellular and secreted Th1 and Th2 cytokines along with modulation in ROS production by peritoneal macrophages were monitored after feeding with lower DOSEs (3-30 mg/kg/day) of these three chemotypes individually
- NMITLI 101R incited both humoral and cellular immune response in terms of higher number of antibody producing cells and enhanced foot pad swelling at the 10mg DOSE as also DOSE dependent B and T cell proliferations
- NMITLI 118R provoked comparatively reduced immune response in all humoral and cellular parameters at lower DOSEs but induced highly polarized Th1 cytokine response
- In contrast, NMITLI 128R led to enhanced antibody production with minimal cellular response demonstrating marginally Th2 dominance at a lower DOSE
- Taken together, it may therefore be concluded that there were distinct modulation in the immune response exhibited by the three chemotypes of Withania somnifera and NMITLI 101R appeared to possess a better immunostimulatory activity than the other chemotypes at lower DOSEs.
1704. Immunogenicity and efficacy of chimeric dengue vaccine (DENVax) formulations in interferon-deficient AG129 mice.
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- A single DOSE of monovalent DENVax-1, -2, or -3 vaccine provided eighty or greater percent protection against both wild-type (wt) DENV-1 (Mochizuki strain) and DENV-2 (New Guinea C strain) challenge viruses
- A single DOSE of monovalent DENVax-4 also provided complete protection against wt DENV-1 challenge and significantly increased the survival times after challenge with wt DENV-2
1705. Potentiality of a live vaccine with nervous necrosis virus (NNV) for sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus at a low rearing temperature.
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- Probability of NNV multiplication reduced by decreasing the inoculated NNV DOSE, but NNV multiplication rate was independent of the NNV DOSE
1706. SIVmac239 MVA vaccine with and without a DNA prime, similar prevention of infection by a repeated dose SIVsmE660 challenge despite different immune responses.
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1707. Thymosin-alpha 1 (Zadaxin) enhances the immunogenicity of an adjuvated pandemic H1N1v influenza vaccine (Focetria) in hemodialyzed patients: a pilot study.
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- Subjects were subdivided into 3 treatment groups receiving: the adjuvated pandemic influenza vaccine (Focetria) only (first treatment group), and the Vaccine+Thymosin alpha 1 (Zadaxin) at a DOSE of 3.2 and 6.4 mg (second and third treatment groups respectively)
1708. Postmarketing evaluation of the short-term safety of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine.
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- The 85,397 RV5 and 62,820 DTaP recipients contributed 17,433 and 12,339 person-years, resulting in 6 and 5 confirmed cases of IS, respectively, within 30 days following any DOSE
1709. Efficacy of a capsule conjugate vaccine against inhalational anthrax in rabbits and monkeys.
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- While rabbits were not protected against a high aerosol challenge DOSE, significant protection was observed in monkeys receiving the capsule conjugate vaccine
1710. Recent advance in antiviral drugs for hepatitis C.
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- Upon approval of more NS3 protease, NS5A and NS5B polymerase inhibitors, future clinical studies will lead to optimal combination therapies which will have desirable parameters such as IFN-free, higher efficacy, safe, one daily DOSE and short duration.
1711. Encephalitis temporally associated with live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine: four case reports.
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- We report four laboratory-confirmed JE cases detected in JE-endemic areas during the JE virus (JEV) transmission season, who all received a first DOSE of live attenuated JE vaccine within 2 weeks prior to the onset of illness
1712. The cost-effectiveness and value of information of three influenza vaccination dosing strategies for individuals with human immunodeficiency virus.
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- Three dosing strategies with seasonal, inactivated trivalent, non-adjuvanted intramuscular vaccine were used in HIV infected adults: two standard DOSEs over 28 days (Strategy A), two double DOSEs over 28 days (Strategy B) and a single standard DOSE of influenza vaccine (Strategy C), administered prior to the 2008 influenza season
- The comparator in our analysis was practice in the previous year, in which 82.8% of HIV/AIDS received standard-DOSE vaccination (Strategy D)
- Our results do not support a policy to implement increased antigen DOSE or booster dosing strategies with seasonal, inactivated trivalent, non-adjuvanted intramuscular vaccine for individuals with HIV in Canada
1713. Efficacy of high-dose intra-dermal hepatitis B virus vaccine in previous vaccination non-responders with chronic liver disease.
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- Herein is reported the safety and efficacy of high-DOSE intra-dermal (ID) HBV vaccination in CLD individuals who had failed previous IM standard and boost-dosing regimens
- Forty-eight CLD individuals, known HBcAb negative, who had failed both a three-DOSE schedule of 40 μg IM vaccination, and boost dosing of either 40 or 80 μg IM, were identified, of which 42 completed the vaccination course
- Each received a 40 μg ID total DOSE (20 μg per arm) during their clinic visits until a response was documented or a maximum of three DOSEs had been administered
- High-DOSE ID HBV vaccination of previous CLD non-responders to the standard IM regimen with boost dosing is both safe and efficacious, and should be considered for all such groups.
1714. The anti-protozoal activity of bronopol on the key life-stages of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 (Ciliophora).
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- Lower DOSEs of bronopol were less effective in killing encysted tomonts than the higher DOSEs (3.3% of parasites were killed in 20 mg L(-1); 10% in 50 mg L(-1)), but they still delayed theront release significantly (25.7 h for 0 mg L(-1) to 46.2h for parasites exposed to 20-50 mg L(-1))
- Long, low DOSE (1 mg L(-1)) exposure to bronopol was also efficacious against theronts
1715. TroVax(®) vaccine therapy for renal cell carcinoma.
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- Recognition of the immunogenic nature of RCC has also resulted in the development of immunotherapy approaches with high-DOSE IL-2 treatment being the best established and associated with durable disease control
1716. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have a lower response rate to HBV vaccination compared to controls.
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- The single DOSE vaccine was administered at 0, 1 and 6 months
1717. The Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan protects mice against the pathogen and eradicates experimentally induced infection.
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- In a mouse model of infection, A170PG protects mice against a lethal DOSE of S
- The vaccine is effective when administered - in a single DOSE and without adjuvant - by the intramuscular, intravenous or the aerosol routes and induces active as well as passive immunization
1718. Influenza virus: a single noninfectious interferon induction-suppressing particle blocks expression of interferon-inducing particles.
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- Virus stocks were reconstructed to contain a wide range of ratios of IFP:ISP and used to generate IFN-induction DOSE-response curves
1719. Next Generation Cancer Protection: The Bivalent HPV Vaccine for Females.
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- New evidence indicates that this might be able to be accomplished with a single DOSE of Cervarix, a great advantage to public health implementation programs Kreimer et al
- ("Proof-of-principle evaluation of the efficacy of fewer than three DOSEs of a bivalent HPV16/18 vaccine, The Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol
1720. CD4 T cell immunity is critical for the control of simian varicella virus infection in a nonhuman primate model of VZV infection.
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- Specifically, studies have shown that 1 DOSE of varivax can lead to breakthrough varicella, albeit rarely, in children and a 2-DOSE regimen is now recommended
1721. Comparing immune response of intradermal low dose versus intramuscular high dose of hepatitis B vaccination in hemodialysis patients.
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- The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of intradermal low DOSE with intramuscular high DOSE hepatitis B vaccination in hemodialysis patients
- In a cross-sectional study on 24 hemodialysis patients that not responded to conventional method of vaccination in this center (double DOSE in 0, 1 and 6 months) and have antibody titer less than 10 mu/ml were enrolled to intramuscular or intradermal group, randomly
- Therefore, two methods of vaccination (high DOSE IM and low DOSE SC) are equally effective and the selection of vaccination method is based on health policy.
1722. Poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles and aluminum adjuvant used as an adjuvant with a single dose of Japanese encephalitis virus-like particles provide effective protection from Japanese encephalitis virus.
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- In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of a single DOSE of a new effective JE virus-like particle preparation containing the JE envelope protein (JE-VLP)
- Although the vaccine design needs further modification to reach 100% protection, a single DOSE of JE-VLP with γ-PGA-NPs may be a useful step in developing a next-generation vaccine to stop a JE outbreak or to immunize travelers or military personnel.
1723. Anthrax vaccine antigen-adjuvant formulations completely protect New Zealand white rabbits against challenge with Bacillus anthracis Ames strain spores.
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- Three of the vaccine formulations administered by the intramuscular or the transcutaneous route as a three-DOSE regimen induced 100% protection in the rabbit model
- Even 5 months after the second immunization of a two-DOSE regimen, rabbits vaccinated with liposomal PA were 100% protected from lethal challenge with Ames strain spores
1724. Efficacy of Hepatitis B vaccine in those who lost Hepatitis B surface antigen during follow-up: Efficacy of HBV vaccine in those who lost HBsAg.
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- Anti-HBs antibody was assessed one month after the last DOSE of vaccination in the both groups
1725. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a vaxfectin-adjuvanted tetravalent dengue DNA vaccine.
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- Anti-dengue-1 neutralizing antibody responses were detectable only in the group of volunteers receiving the high DOSE of nonadjuvanted vaccine and the antibody titers were low
1726. Cationic liposome-DNA complexes (CLDC) adjuvant enhances the immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy of a pre-pandemic influenza A H5N1 vaccine in mice.
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- Here we show that the addition of JVRS-100, an adjuvant consisting of cationic liposome-DNA complexes (CLDC) to a clade 1-derived H5N1 split vaccine induced significantly higher virus-specific antibody than unadjuvanted formulations, with a >30-fold DOSE-sparing effect and induction of increased antigen-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses in mice
- All mice that received one DOSE of adjuvanted vaccine and subsequent H5N1 viral challenges exhibited mild illness, lower lung viral titers, undetectable spleen and brain viral titers, and 100% survival after either homologous clade 1 or heterologous clade 2 H5N1 viral challenges, whereas unadjuvanted vaccine recipients showed significantly increased weight loss, viral titers, and mortality
- Thus, JVRS-100 adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine elicited enhanced humoral and T-cell responses, DOSE-sparing, and cross-clade protection in mice
1727. Vaccine-specific antibody secreting cells are a robust early marker of LAIV-induced B-cell response in ferrets.
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- Ferrets were vaccinated with increasing DOSEs of LAIV and four weeks later challenged with a homologous wild-type (wt) H1N1 strain
- Humoral immune responses measured following LAIV vaccination included HAI, serum antibodies and antibody secreting cells (ASC); and the responses were found to correlate with the DOSE level of LAIV administered in this model
- Results demonstrated that LAIV DOSEs ≥ 5.0 log(10) Plaque Forming Units (PFU) elicited vaccine-specific IgG and IgA ASC frequencies and induced complete protection in the lungs
1728. An algorithm for risk assessment and intervention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus.
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- Administration of HB immunoglobulin and HB vaccine to infants at birth (within 12 hours), followed by 2 additional DOSEs of vaccines within 6-12 months, prevented approximately 95% of HBV transmission from HBsAg-positive mothers to their infants
- Antepartum administration of HB immunoglobulin, giving infants a double DOSE of HB vaccine, or avoiding breastfeeding had no impact on MTCT
1729. Oral oocyst-induced mouse model of toxoplasmosis: effect of infection with Toxoplasma gondii strains of different genotypes, dose, and mouse strains (transgenic, out-bred, in-bred) on pathogenesis and mortality.
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- In the present study, pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis was studied in mice of different strains, including Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) transgenic mice infected with different DOSEs of T
1730. Overall efficacy of HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against grade 3 or greater cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: 4-year end-of-study analysis of the randomised, double-blind PATRICIA trial.
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- The TVC comprised all women who received at least one vaccine DOSE, approximating catch-up populations and including sexually active women (vaccine n=9319; control=9325)
1731. Cross-protective efficacy of HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by non-vaccine oncogenic HPV types: 4-year end-of-study analysis of the randomised, double-blind PATRICIA trial.
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- Analyses were done for three cohorts: the according-to-protocol cohort for efficacy (ATP-E; vaccine n=8067, control n=8047), total vaccinated HPV-naive cohort (TVC-naive; no evidence of infection with 14 oncogenic HPV types at baseline, approximating young adolescents before sexual debut; vaccine n=5824, control n=5820), and the total vaccinated cohort (TVC; all women who received at least one vaccine DOSE, approximating catch-up populations that include sexually active women; vaccine n=9319, control=9325)
1732. Comparison of immune responses and protective efficacy of intranasal prime-boost immunization regimens using adenovirus-based and CpG/HH2 adjuvanted-subunit vaccines against genital Chlamydia muridarum infection.
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- A single DOSE of AdCPAF stimulated potent antibody production but weak cellular immune responses in mice
1733. Optimization on preparation condition of epimedium polysaccharide liposome and evaluation of its adjuvant activity.
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- Simultaneously, the chickens in experimental groups were injected with EPSL at three DOSEs, EPS and blank liposome, respectively
- EPSL could significantly enhance the immune response of ND vaccine and promote cytokines secretion, and its high DOSE possessed the best efficacy
1734. Cell-associated flagella enhance the protection conferred by mucosally-administered attenuated Salmonella Paratyphi A vaccines.
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1735. Pathophysiology of the rhesus macaque model for inhalational brucellosis.
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- The pathophysiology of chronic Brucella melitensis aerosol infection was monitored in two phases that each occurred over an 8-week time period; DOSE escalation (8 RMs; targeted DOSEs of 5.0E+03, 5.0E+04, or 5.0E+05 CFU/animal or the unchallenged control) and natural history (12 RMs; targeted DOSE of 2.50E+05 CFU/animal or the unchallenged control)
1736. Immunogenicity and safety of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine administered as a 2-dose schedule compared with the licensed 3-dose schedule: results from a randomized study.
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- The immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine (Cervarix®, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) administered according to its licensed vaccination schedule (3-DOSE, 3D) and formulation (20 μg of each HPV antigen; 20/20F) has previously been demonstrated
- This partially-blind, controlled, randomized trial (NCT00541970) evaluated 2-DOSE (2D) schedules using the licensed 20/20F or an alternative formulation containing 40 μg of each antigen (40/40F), compared with the licensed 3D schedule
- Healthy females stratified by age (9-14, 15-19, 20-25 y) were randomized to receive 2 DOSEs of 20/20F at Months (M) 0,6 (n=240), 40/40F at M0,6 (n=241) or 40/40F at M0,2 (n=240), or 3 DOSEs of 20/20F at M0,1,6 (licensed schedule/formulation, n=239)
- One month after the last DOSE, the 3D schedule was not immunologically superior to 2D schedules except in the 40/40F M0,2 group for HPV-16 (lower limit of 95% CI geometric mean antibody titer (GMT) ratio [2D/3D] < 0.5)
- For both HPV-16 and HPV-18, the 2D schedules in girls 9-14 y were immunologically non-inferior to the 3D schedule in women 15-25 y (the age group in which efficacy has been demonstrated) (upper limit of 95% CI for GMT ratio [3D/2D] < 2) one month after the last DOSE
1737. Prevnar 13, the new 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
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- PCV13 is approved for routine vaccination of all infants as a 4-DOSE series at age 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months for children who previously received 1 or more DOSEs of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), and for children with underlying medical conditions that increase their risk for pneumococcal disease or its complications
1738. Immunological adjuvant efficacy of glycyrrhetinic acid liposome against Newcastle disease vaccine.
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- Simultaneously, the chickens in experimental groups were injected with the glycyrrhetinic acid liposome (GAL) at three DOSEs, GA and blank liposome, respectively
- Moreover, the effects appear a DOSE-dependent manner and a time-dependent manner
- These indicated that GAL could significantly promote the activation potential of humoral immunity and cellular immunity in chicken and present certain DOSE-effect and time-effect relationships
1739. Immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine among hemodialysis patients: effect of revaccination of non-responders and duration of protection.
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- Hepatitis B vaccine (40 μg/DOSE) was given to 77 susceptible patients on hemodialysis (0, 1, and 6 month schedule)
- Levels of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) were tested ≥ 28 days after the third DOSE was administered, and non-responders revaccinated with an additional 3-DOSE series
- Vaccine responders (anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL) were re-tested every 6 months and booster DOSEs given as needed
1740. Induction of a protective response in mice by the dengue virus NS3 protein using DNA vaccines.
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- Balb/c mice were immunized with the different DNA vaccines and challenged with a lethal DOSE of DENV2
1741. Virus-like particle vaccine containing hemagglutinin confers protection against 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza.
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- A single DOSE of VLPs, either i.m
- or i.n., induced higher levels of antibody than did two DOSEs of commercial split vaccine
1742. Efficacy of a low-cost, inactivated whole-cell oral cholera vaccine: results from 3 years of follow-up of a randomized, controlled trial.
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- We conducted a cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a two-DOSE regimen of a low-cost killed whole cell OCV in residents 1 year of age and older living in 3,933 clusters in Kolkata, India
- Of the 66,900 fully DOSEd individuals (31,932 vaccinees and 34,968 placebo recipients), 38 vaccinees and 128 placebo-recipients developed cholera during three years of follow-up (protective efficacy 66%; one-sided 95%CI lower bound = 53%, p<0.001)
1743. Effects of community-wide vaccination with PCV-7 on pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in the Gambia: a cluster-randomized trial.
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- Villages were randomized (older children and adults) to receive one DOSE of PCV-7 (11 vaccinated villages) or meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine (10 control villages)
1744. Safety, immunogenicity and preliminary efficacy of multiple-site vaccination with an Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) based cancer vaccine in advanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
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- Two separate studies were compared to assess the impact of high DOSE vaccination at multiple anatomic sites in terms of immunogenicity, safety and preliminary efficacy in stage IIIb/IV NSCLC patients
- Vaccination at 4 sites with 2.4 mg of EGF (high DOSE) was very safe
- All vaccinated patients and those classified as good responders immunized with high DOSE at 4 sites, had a large tendency to improved survival.
1745. Impact of the RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate on naturally acquired antibody responses to multiple asexual blood stage antigens.
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- We hypothesized that low DOSE exposure to asexual stage parasites resulting from partial pre-erythrocytic protection afforded by RTS,S may contribute to long-term vaccine efficacy to clinical disease, which was not observed in C2 due to intense active detection of infection and treatment
1746. Inoculation of newborn mice with non-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA can induce a rapid, solid and wide-range protection against viral infection.
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- The susceptibility of transfected newborn Swiss mice to FMDV challenge was tested using a wide range of viral DOSEs
- The level of protection depended on the specific RNA inoculated and was DOSE-dependent
1747. Systemic reactions with aeroallergen cluster immunotherapy in a clinical practice.
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- Cluster immunotherapy allows patients to reach their immunotherapy maintenance DOSE more rapidly and may lead to more rapid symptomatic improvement
1748. A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects african green monkeys from hendra virus challenge.
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- Fourteen AGMs were challenged intratracheally with a lethal DOSE of HeV, and 12 subjects were infused twice with a 100-mg DOSE of m102.4 beginning at either 10, 24, or 72 hours after infection and again about 48 hours later
1749. First results of phase 3 trial of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in African children.
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- The primary end point of the analysis was vaccine efficacy against clinical malaria during the 12 months after vaccination in the first 6000 children 5 to 17 months of age at enrollment who received all three DOSEs of vaccine according to protocol
- In the 14 months after the first DOSE of vaccine, the incidence of first episodes of clinical malaria in the first 6000 children in the older age category was 0.32 episodes per person-year in the RTS,S/AS01 group and 0.55 episodes per person-year in the control group, for an efficacy of 50.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45.8 to 54.6) in the intention-to-treat population and 55.8% (97.5% CI, 50.6 to 60.4) in the per-protocol population
- Among children in the older age category, the rate of generalized convulsive seizures after RTS,S/AS01 vaccination was 1.04 per 1000 DOSEs (95% CI, 0.62 to 1.64)
1750. Evaluation of Different Strategies for Post-Exposure Treatment of Ebola Virus Infection in Rodents.
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- B10.BR mice were used to further characterize efficacy and immune responses following co-administration of Ad-CAGoptZGP with the most effective treatment: AdHu5 expressing recombinant IFN-α (hereafter termed DEF201) after challenge with a lethal DOSE of mouse adapted-ZEBOV (MA-ZEBOV).In mice, DEF201 treatment was able to elicit full protection against a lethal DOSE of MA-ZEBOV when administered 30 minutes after infection
1751. Human papillomavirus vaccination series initiation and completion, 2008-2009.
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- The goal was to describe factors associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination series initiation (≥1 DOSE) and completion (≥3 DOSEs) and parents' intent to have their daughters vaccinated
- Overall, 40.5% of girls had received ≥1 HPV vaccine DOSE, and 53.3% of those girls completed the series
1752. Needle-free jet injection of DNA and protein vaccine of the far-eastern subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus induces protective immunity in mice.
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- Inoculation with SP-encoding DNA by needle-free injector induced neutralizing antibodies more efficiently than when administered by needle and syringe, and mice vaccinated with one DOSE by needle-free injector survived challenge with a lethal DOSE of TBEV
1753. Management of accidental exposure to Ebola virus in the biosafety level 4 laboratory, Hamburg, Germany.
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- A single DOSE of 5 × 10(7) plaque-forming units was injected 48 hours after the accident
1754. Vesicular stomatitis virus-based Ebola vaccines with improved cross-protective efficacy.
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- After applying a 2-DOSE immunization approach, we observed an improved cross-protection rate, with 5 of 6 guinea pigs surviving the lethal ZEBOV challenge if vaccinated with rVSV-expressing SEBOV-GP and -VP40
1755. Kunjin virus replicon-based vaccines expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein GP protect the guinea pig against lethal Ebola virus infection.
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- Immunization with KUN VLPs expressing full-length wild-type and D637L-mutated GPs but not membrane anchor-truncated GP induced DOSE-dependent protection against a challenge of a lethal DOSE of recombinant guinea pig-adapted EBOV
1756. Impact of systemic or mucosal immunity to adenovirus on Ad-based Ebola virus vaccine efficacy in guinea pigs.
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- Guinea pigs administered an adenovirus-based Ebola virus vaccine either intramuscularly or intranasally in the presence of systemically or mucosally induced adenovirus immunity were challenged with a lethal DOSE of guinea pig-adapted Zaire ebolavirus (Mayinga 1976) (GA-ZEBOV)
1757. Adenovirus-5-vectored P. falciparum vaccine expressing CSP and AMA1. Part B: safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the CSP component.
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- Fourteen Ad5 seropositive or negative adults received two DOSEs of NMRC-MV-Ad-PfC sixteen weeks apart, at 1 x 1010 particle units per DOSE
- All volunteers developed positive ELISpot responses by 28 days after the first immunization (geometric mean 272 spot forming cells/million[sfc/m]) that declined during the following 16 weeks and increased after the second DOSE to levels that in most cases were less than the initial peak (geometric mean 119 sfc/m)
- Pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to Ad5 did not affect the immunogenicity of the first DOSE, but the fold increase in NAb induced by the first DOSE was significantly associated with poorer antibody responses after the second DOSE, while ELISpot responses remained unaffected
- The NMRC-MV-Ad-PfC vaccine expressing CSP was safe and well tolerated given as two DOSEs, but did not provide sterile protection
1758. Recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for use of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-D) among children aged 9 through 23 months at increased risk for invasive meningococcal disease.
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- In April 2011, the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-D) (Menactra, Sanofi Pasteur) as a 2-DOSE primary series among children aged 9 through 23 months
1759. Comparative efficacy of live replicating sheeppox vaccine strains in Ovines.
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- Specific virus could be detected in the controls and animals immunized with lower dilutions of vaccines after challenge but not in any of the sheep immunized with 1 and 100 DOSEs of each vaccine
1760. Clinical trial results of the HER-2/neu (E75) vaccine to prevent breast cancer recurrence in high-risk patients: from US Military Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Group Study I-01 and I-02.
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- These DOSE escalation/schedule optimization trials enrolled lymph node-positive and high-risk lymph node-negative patients with HER2 (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 1-3(+) ) expressing tumors
- Importantly, because of trial design, 65% of patients received a lower than optimal vaccine DOSE
- In subset analyses, patients who benefited most from vaccination (vaccinated group vs control group) had lymph node-positive (DFS, 90.2% vs 79.1%; P = .13), HER2 IHC 1+-2+ (DFS, 94.0% vs 79.4%; P = .04), or grade 1 or 2 (DFS, 98.4% vs 86.0%; P = .01) tumors and were optimally DOSEd (DFS, 97.3% vs 86.8%; P = .08)
1761. Rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix™): a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in developing countries.
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- The protective efficacy of a two-DOSE oral series of rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 has been demonstrated in several well designed clinical trials conducted in developing countries, and the 'real-world' effectiveness of the vaccine has also been shown in naturalistic and case-control trials after the introduction of universal vaccination programmes with RIX4414 in Latin American countries
1762. Effectiveness of pandemic H1N1 vaccine against influenza-related hospitalization in children.
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- Young children are generally considered immunologically naive with respect to influenza exposure opportunities; thus, a 2-DOSE schedule is recommended when a child is first immunized with conventional influenza vaccine lacking adjuvant
- We estimated the effectiveness of a single pediatric DOSE of AS03-adjuvanted vaccine against hospitalization for confirmed pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (pH1N1) infection in children aged 6 months to 9 years during the fall 2009 vaccination campaign
- The overall effectiveness of a single pediatric DOSE of vaccine administered ≥14 days before illness onset was 85% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61% to 94%), varying according to age category but with wide and overlapping CIs: 92% (95% CI: 51% to 99%) in 6-23 month-old children, 89% (95% CI: 34% to 98%) in 2-4 year-olds, and 79% (95% CI: -31% to 96%) in 5-9 year-olds
- In children aged 6 months to 9 years, a single pediatric DOSE of the AS03-adjuvanted pH1N1 vaccine was highly protective against hospitalization beginning at 10 and 14 days after vaccination.
1763. Protective effect of two recombinant ricin subunit vaccines in the New Zealand white rabbit subjected to a lethal aerosolized ricin challenge: survival, immunological response, and histopathological findings.
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- Rabbits were vaccinated four times over a period of 6 months and challenged with ∼10 to 30 times the median lethal DOSE of aerosolized ricin
1764. Effectiveness of the new serotypes in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
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- Among 166 IPD cases in PCV13 eligible children reported by July 2011 with known serotype and vaccination status, VE for 2 DOSEs under a year was 78% (95% confidence interval -18% to 96%) and 77% (38-91%) for one DOSE over a year
- VE for 7F and 19A was 76% (21-93%) and 70% (10-90%) respectively for ≥one DOSE
1765. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers as a correlate of protection for inactivated influenza vaccines in children.
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- A total of 4707 influenza vaccine-naive healthy children 6 to 72 months old were randomized in a ratio of 2:2:1 to receive 2 DOSEs of MF-59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine (Novartis Vaccines), trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine subunit (trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine control, GSK), or a saline placebo during the 2007 to 2008 and 2008 to 2009 influenza seasons
- The second DOSE was given 30 days after DOSE 1
- Vaccine immunogenicity 50 days after DOSE 1 was evaluated in a subset of 777 children
1766. Dose-response assessment for influenza A virus based on data sets of infection with its live attenuated reassortants.
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- Reported data sets on infection of volunteers challenged with wild-type influenza A virus at graded DOSEs are few
- Alternatively, we aimed at developing a DOSE-response assessment for this virus based on the data sets for its live attenuated reassortants
- Eleven data sets for live attenuated reassortants that were fit to beta-Poisson and exponential DOSE-response models
- DOSE-response relationships for those reassortants were characterized by pooling analysis of the data sets with respect to virus subtype (H1N1 or H3N2), attenuation method (cold-adapted or avian-human gene reassortment), and human age (adults or children)
- As a result, DOSE-response relationships of all reassortants were best described by a beta-Poisson model
- Virus subtype and human age were significant factors determining the DOSE-response relationship, whereas attenuation method affected only the relationship of H1N1 virus infection to adults
- Considering this most likely degree of attenuation, 10% infectious DOSE of H3N2 wild-type virus for adults was estimated at 18 TCID50 (95% CI = 8.8-35 TCID50)
1767. Phase I study evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetics of MDX-1303, a fully human monoclonal antibody against Bacillus anthracis protective antigen, in healthy volunteers.
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- Cohorts of 3 to 10 subjects were administered MDX-1303 as either a single intravenous (i.v.) DOSE at DOSE levels of 0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 20 mg/kg of body weight or as a single intramuscular (i.m.) DOSE at 100 mg
- MDX-1303 was generally well tolerated, and no anti-MDX-1303 antibodies were detected following a single DOSE.
1768. DNA priming and influenza vaccine immunogenicity: two phase 1 open label randomised clinical trials.
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- In VRC 306 and VRC 310, two sequentially enrolled phase 1, open-label, randomised clinical trials, healthy adults (age 18-60 years) were randomly assigned to receive intramuscular H5 DNA (4 mg) at day 0 or twice, at day 0 and week 4, followed by H5N1 monovalent inactivated vaccine (MIV; 90 μg) at 4 or 24 weeks, and compared with a two-DOSE regimen of H5N1 MIV with either a 4 or 24 week interval
- In VRC 310, of the 21 individuals enrolled, 20 received the vaccinations (nine received a two-DOSE regimen of H5N1 MIV and 11 received H5 DNA at day 0 followed by H5N1 MIV at week 24)
1769. A systematic review of intradermal influenza vaccines.
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- As such, different strategies are being evaluated to increase immunogenicity in the older adults, including use of adjuvanted vaccines and different delivery techniques, which can enhance immunogenicity as well as potentially be DOSE-sparing
1770. Targeted delivery of TLR ligands to human and mouse dendritic cells strongly enhances adjuvanticity.
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- In vivo studies demonstrated that nanoparticles carrying Ag induced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses at 100-fold lower adjuvant DOSE when TLRLs were co-encapsulated instead of administered in soluble form
1771. Measles elimination in the Americas: a comparison between countries with a one-dose and two-dose routine vaccination schedule.
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- The Region of the Americas eliminated measles in 2002 through high first-DOSE routine measles vaccine coverage and vaccination campaigns every 4-6 years; a second routine DOSE at school entry was added in some countries
- The impact of this second routine DOSE on measles elimination was evaluated
- Countries were grouped using propensity score methods, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare time to measles elimination between countries with a 1-DOSE schedule and those with a 2-DOSE schedule
- One-DOSE (n = 14) and 2-DOSE (n = 7) countries did not differ with respect to median routine first-DOSE measles vaccine coverage, median coverage for 3 measles campaigns, or estimated percentage of susceptible children after routine first vaccination DOSE and campaigns
- Compared with 1-DOSE countries, 2-DOSE countries had higher median gross national income per capita (P = .002), percentage of population living in urban areas (P = .04), and female literacy (P = .01), as well as lower infant mortality (P = .007); however, no differences in time to elimination were found
- One-DOSE and 2-DOSE countries had similar times to measles elimination despite socioeconomic differences between their populations
- A second routine DOSE might not have hastened measles elimination, because threshold immunity needed to eliminate measles was achieved with high first routine DOSE coverage and vaccination campaigns
1772. Racial/Ethnic and poverty disparities in human papillomavirus vaccination completion.
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- to girls in a three-DOSE series
- This study examined effects of race/ethnicity, poverty, and year on completion of the three-DOSE HPV vaccine series among those who initiated vaccination
- Data from the 2008-2009 National Immunization Survey-Teen for girls aged 13-17 years who received at least one DOSE of HPV vaccine (n=7606) were analyzed in 2010-2011 using logistic regression to adjust for covariates including measures of access to care
- During this 2-year period, 55% of adolescent girls who initiated vaccination completed the three-DOSE series
1773. Melanoma vaccines.
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- Although no vaccine has been found which fulfills the prediction from murine models that they can enhance the efficacy of ipilimumab, combining a peptide vaccination with high-DOSE interleukin 2 was shown to enhance complete and overall response rates compared with interleukin 2 alone
1774. Comparative safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of several anti-H5N1 influenza experimental vaccines in a mouse and chicken models (Testing of killed and live H5 vaccine).
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- All vaccines were applied in a single DOSE
1775. Efficacy of live attenuated vaccines against 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza in ferrets.
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- Therefore, we have immunized ferrets intranasally with a single DOSE of pH1N1-LAIV from different manufacturers
1776. The clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination for adult women in the Netherlands.
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- The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for vaccinating 17-25 year-olds was €22,526 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) at a vaccine price of €65 per DOSE, a 50% reduction of the 2010 pharmacy price in the Netherlands
1777. Maternal characteristics and hospital policies as risk factors for nonreceipt of hepatitis B vaccine in the newborn nursery.
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- A birth DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) is a primary focus of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus in the United States
- We sought to assess the impact of maternal characteristics and hospital policy on the receipt of a birth DOSE of HBV
- A total of 64,425 infants were identified in the birth cohort, of whom 61.6% received a birth DOSE of HBV
- Lack of a hospital policy stipulating a universal birth DOSE strongly predicted nonreceipt of a birth DOSE of HBV (policy with no birth DOSE vs
- policy with a birth DOSE: adjusted OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 2.13-2.30)
1778. Immunogenicity and safety of ZOSTAVAX(®) approaching expiry potency in individuals aged ≥50 years.
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- This phase 4, open-label, multicenter study was undertaken to assess the immunogenicity and safety of a single DOSE of ZOSTAVAX (refrigerator-stable formulation) given within 6 mo of its expiry date in individuals ≥50 y of age
1779. Effectiveness of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children aged 7-59 months. A matched case-control study.
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- The adjusted vaccination effectiveness of the complete vaccination schedule (3 DOSEs at 2, 4 and 6 months and a fourth DOSE at 15 months, 2 DOSEs at least two months apart in children aged 12-23 months or a single DOSE in children aged >24 months) in preventing IPD caused by vaccine serotypes was 93.7% (95% CI 51.8-99.2)
1780. Neutralization of non-vaccine human papillomavirus pseudoviruses from the A7 and A9 species groups by bivalent HPV vaccine sera.
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- Serum samples were collected from 69 girls aged 13-14 years, a median 5.9 months (inter-quartile range, IQR, 5.7-6.0) after their third vaccine DOSE
1781. The potential economic value of a 'universal' (multi-year) influenza vaccine.
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- Universal vaccine dominates (i.e., less costly and more effective) the annual vaccine when the universal vaccine cost ≤ $100/DOSE and efficacy ≥ 75% for both the 5- and 10-year duration
1782. Pneumonic tularemia in rabbits resembles the human disease as illustrated by radiographic and hematological changes after infection.
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- On average, rabbits were moribund 5.1 days after exposure; no rabbits survived exposure at any DOSE (190-54,000 cfu)
1783. Pre-clinical efficacy and safety of experimental vaccines based on non-replicating vaccinia vectors against yellow fever.
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- The recombinant live vaccines induced γ-interferon-secreting CD4- and functionally active CD8-T cells, and conferred full protection against lethal challenge already after a single low immunization DOSE of 10(5) TCID(50)
- The non-replicating recombinant YF candidate live vaccines induced a broad immune response after single DOSE administration, were effective even in the presence of a pre-existing immunity against vaccinia virus and demonstrated an excellent safety profile in mice.
1784. In vitro properties of a Listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage-resistant mutant predict its efficacy as a live oral vaccine strain.
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- The glcV mutant did not stimulate innate immunity under the DOSE and route employed for vaccination, and an infectivity index time course experiment revealed pronounced mutant persistence in Peyer's patches
1785. A gynecologic oncology group phase II trial of two p53 peptide vaccine approaches: subcutaneous injection and intravenous pulsed dendritic cells in high recurrence risk ovarian cancer patients.
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- Furthermore, the use of low-DOSE SC IL-2 as an adjuvant might have interfered with the immune response
1786. Human cytomegalovirus escapes a naturally occurring neutralizing antibody by incorporating it into assembling virions.
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- Our results elucidate a nongenetic escape mechanism in which the antibody is selectively taken up by infected cells and incorporated into assembling virions in a DOSE-dependent manner
1787. Family history and herpes zoster risk in the era of shingles vaccination.
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- A DOSE-dependent effect was documented; risk was increased with multiple blood relatives (odds ratio, 17.15; 95% confidence interval, 7.50-39.18) compared with single blood relatives (odds ratio, 5.24; 95% confidence interval, 3.79-7.23)
1788. Use of silver nanoparticles increased inhibition of cell-associated HIV-1 infection by neutralizing antibodies developed against HIV-1 envelope proteins.
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- All NABs inhibited HIV-1 cell free infection at a DOSE response manner, but with AgNPs an antiviral additive effect was not achieved Although there was no inhibition of infection with cell-associated virus by the NABs itself, AgNPs alone were able to inhibit cell associated virus infection and more importantly, when mixed together with NABs they inhibited the HIV-1 cell associated infection in an additive manner
1789. Influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in patients treated by kidney transplant or dialysis: a cohort study.
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- Sera from 21 controls, 53 hemodialyzed (HD) patients, and 111 renal transplant recipients (RT) were sampled before (T0) and 1 month after (T1) a single DOSE of Pandemrix® vaccine (GSK Biologicals, AS03-adjuvanted)
1790. Cost-effectiveness of a pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine for children ≤5 years of age in Taiwan.
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- Vaccination with RV5 is compared to no vaccination in a hypothetical cohort of Taiwanese children during their first 5 years of life to determine the per DOSE prices at which vaccination would be cost neutral or provide good value based on established standards from the healthcare (direct medical care costs only) and societal (all RGE-related costs) perspectives
- The price per DOSE at which vaccination would be cost-neutral is US$ 21.80 (688 NTD) and US$ 26.20 (827 NTD) from the healthcare and societal perspectives, respectively
- At $25 per DOSE, the cost per QALY gained is US$ 2261 (71,335 NTD) from the healthcare perspective and cost saving from the societal perspective
1791. Vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine protects hamsters against lethal challenge with Andes virus.
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- Syrian hamsters immunized with a single injection of VSVΔG/ANDVGPC were fully protected against disease when challenged at 28, 14, 7, or 3 days postimmunization with a lethal DOSE of ANDV; however, the mechanism of protection seems to differ depending on when the immunization occurs
1792. Prevenar experience.
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- Effectiveness has been observed in countries using a 4-DOSE regimen (3 infant DOSEs followed by a booster during the second year of life) but also in countries with modified reduced DOSEs (2 infant DOSEs and a booster during the second year of life or after 3 infant DOSEs with no booster).
1793. Evaluation of parasitological and immunological parameters of Leishmania chagasi infection in BALB/c mice using different doses and routes of inoculation of parasites.
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- Mice infected with a low DOSE of parasites (10³) showed a certain resistance against infection, based mainly on the IFN-γ and oxide nitric production
- Considering all the elements, it could be concluded that the models employing high DOSEs (10⁷) of L
1794. Inactivated and adjuvanted whole-virion clade 2.3.4 H5N1 pre-pandemic influenza vaccine possesses broad protective efficacy against infection by heterologous clades of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice.
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- When a low-DOSE antigen (0.3μg HA) vaccine was combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant, virus neutralization and anti-HA IgG antibodies induced in the sera of vaccinated mice showed similar levels as those in mice vaccinated with non-adjuvanted high-DOSE antigen (3μg HA) vaccine
- All mice vaccinated with adjuvanted and non-adjuvanted rgAnhui vaccines at low and high antigen DOSEs survived, without any significant weight loss, lethal challenge infection with homologous clade 2.3.4 viruses, including antigenic variant virus and heterologous clade 2.1.3
- Mice vaccinated with low-DOSE antigen without adjuvant, however, exhibited 20% and 60% survival rates against clade 1 and clade 2.2 viruses, respectively; but, addition of adjuvant improved these rates to 80% and 100%, respectively
1795. Proof-of-principle evaluation of the efficacy of fewer than three doses of a bivalent HPV16/18 vaccine.
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- Three-DOSE regimens for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are expensive and difficult to complete, especially in settings where the need for cervical cancer prevention is greatest
- We evaluated the vaccine efficacy of fewer than three DOSEs of the HPV16/18 vaccine Cervarix in our Costa Rica Vaccine Trial
- Women were randomly assigned to receive three DOSEs of the HPV16/18 vaccine or to a control vaccine and were followed for incident HPV16 or HPV18 infection that persisted in visits that were 10 or more months apart (median follow-up 4.2 years)
- After excluding women who had no follow-up or who were HPV16 and HPV18 DNA positive at enrollment, 5967 women received three vaccine DOSEs (2957 HPV vaccine vs 3010 control vaccine), 802 received two DOSEs (422 HPV vs
- 380 control), and 384 received one DOSE (196 HPV vs
- Reasons for receiving fewer DOSEs and other pre- and post-randomization characteristics were balanced within each dosage group between women receiving the HPV and control vaccines
- Vaccine efficacy was 80.9% for three DOSEs of the HPV vaccine (95% confidence interval [CI] = 71.1% to 87.7%; 25 and 133 events in the HPV and control arms, respectively), 84.1% for two DOSEs (95% CI = 50.2% to 96.3%; 3 and 17 events), and 100% for one DOSE (95% CI = 66.5% to 100%; 0 and 10 events)
- Four years after vaccination of women who appeared to be uninfected, this nonrandomized analysis suggests that two DOSEs of the HPV16/18 vaccine, and maybe even one DOSE, are as protective as three DOSEs.
1796. Determinants of apparent rural-urban differentials in measles vaccination uptake in Indonesia.
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- The authors investigated rural-urban differentials in measles vaccination coverage among young Indonesian children, and sought to identify key factors influencing the probability of a child receiving the first DOSE of measles vaccination in Indonesia
- Indonesia's 2007 first-DOSE measles national vaccination coverage was, at 72.8%, lower than the 2008 global first-DOSE measles vaccination average coverage of 82%
- Bivariate analysis revealed that the first-DOSE measles vaccination coverage in rural areas of Indonesia was 68.5%, compared with 80.1% in urban regions (p < 0.001)
1797. Vaccination in paediatric patients with auto-immune rheumatic diseases: a systemic literature review for the European League against Rheumatism evidence-based recommendations.
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- Live-attenuated vaccines did not cause disease flares or severe adverse events, not even in patients on methotrexate and low DOSE glucocorticosteroids
- More research is needed on the safety and efficacy of especially live-attenuated vaccines in patients with rheumatic and autoinflammatory diseases using high DOSE immunosuppressive drugs.
1798. Reduced efficacy of multiple doses of CpG-matured dendritic cell tumor vaccine in an experimental model.
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- The present study tested the hypothesis that multiple DOSEs of CpG-matured DC vaccine would be efficacious for complete eradication of experimentally-induced tumor
- A total of three DOSEs of CpG or non-CpG control-matured DCs were injected around tumors
- The results showed that multiple DOSEs of CpG-matured DCs led to considerable decrease in cytotoxicity of lymphocytes and significantly increased tumor growth rate compared to a single DOSE
- Further, mice which received three DOSEs of the vaccine also displayed significant FoxP3 in tumor tissue
- In conclusion, multiple DOSEs of CpG-matured DCs exhibited decreased anti-tumor immunity in association with increased expression of FoxP3.
1799. An update on influenza vaccination in patients with egg allergy.
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- Most recently, studies have demonstrated a low risk of giving the vaccine either in divided DOSEs or as a single DOSE in a controlled setting without the need for skin testing
1800. Intranasal administration of an inactivated Yersinia pestis vaccine with interleukin-12 generates protective immunity against pneumonic plague.
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- challenge with a lethal DOSE of Y
1801. H5N1 whole-virus vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies in humans which are protective in a mouse passive transfer model.
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- Mice were injected intravenously with H5N1 vaccine-induced rodent or human immune sera and subsequently challenged with a lethal DOSE of wild-type H5N1 virus
- Passive transfer of H5N1 vaccine-induced mouse, guinea pig and human immune sera provided DOSE-dependent protection of recipient mice against lethal challenge with wild-type H5N1 virus
- Protective DOSE fifty values for serum H5N1 neutralizing antibody titers were calculated to be ≤1∶11 for all immune sera, independently of source species
1802. Development and efficacy of novobiocin and rifampicin-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila as novel vaccines in channel catfish and Nile tilapia.
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- Vaccination of channel catfish with the mutants at DOSE of 4×105 CFU/fish offered 86-100% protection against their virulent parents at 14 days post vaccination (dpv)
- Vaccination of Nile tilapia with the mutants at DOSE of 2×108 CFU/fish offered 100% protection against their virulent parents at 14, 28, and 56 dpv
1803. A duck enteritis virus-vectored bivalent live vaccine provides fast and complete protection against H5N1 avian influenza virus infection in ducks.
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- Duck studies indicated that rDEV-us78HA had protective efficacy similar to that of the live DEV vaccine against lethal DEV challenge; importantly, a single DOSE of 10(6) PFU of rDEV-us78HA induced complete protection against a lethal H5N1 virus challenge in as little as 3 days postvaccination
1804. Gardasil™ HPV vaccination: surveillance of vaccine usage and adherence in a military population.
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- Subjects were assigned intention-to-treat (ITT) if they initiated the series and reached the 1-year anniversary after DOSE-1 or in-progress (IP) if the series was incomplete and within 1-year
- ITT subjects were designated non-adherent or adherent based on 1-2 or 3 DOSEs received
1805. Differential innate immune responses to low or high dose oral SIV challenge in Rhesus macaques.
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- Here we assessed the impact of viral inoculum size on both viral and immune events within two groups of Rhesus macaques that were non-traumatically, orally inoculated with either multiple low (1000 to 4000 TCID(50)) or high (100,000 TCID(50)) DOSEs of SIV
- In agreement with previous studies, more diverse SIV variants were observed in macaques following infection with high DOSE oral SIV compared to a low DOSE challenge
- In contrast, OAS and CXCL10 were upregulated following SIV infection in both the high and low DOSEd macaques, with a more rapid kinetics (detectable by 7 days) following the high SIV DOSE challenge
- In peripheral lymph nodes, an increase in CXCL10 was observed irrespective of viral DOSE while CXCL9 and OAS were differentially regulated in the two SIV DOSEd groups
- These findings provide insights into the impact of SIV challenge DOSE on viral and innate immune factors, which has the potential to inform future SIV/HIV vaccine efficacy trials in which vaccinated hosts have the potential to be infected with a range of viral challenge DOSEs.
1806. HBV vaccine efficacy and detection and genotyping of vaccineé asymptomatic breakthrough HBV infection in Egypt.
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- A booster DOSE of vaccine is recommended, probably four years after initial vaccination.
1807. Combination immunotherapy and active-specific tumor cell vaccination augments anti-cancer immunity in a mouse model of gastric cancer.
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- Mice were treated with a lymphodepleting DOSE of cyclophosphamide prior to reconstitution with syngeneic spleen cells and vaccination with a whole tumor cell vaccine combined with GM-CSF (a treatment strategy abbreviated as LRAST)
1808. Efficacy of a vaccine that links viral epitopes to flagellin in protecting aged mice from influenza viral infection.
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- We found that a 3.0 μg DOSE of the vaccine was effective in reducing mortality and increasing clinical well-being during influenza viral lung infection in aged mice
1809. Efficacy of influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccine in hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients.
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- The novel influenza A 2009 H1N1 vaccine was safe in renal patients, although administration of a single DOSE of adjuvanted vaccine induced a poor response in these patients.
1810. CAF01 potentiates immune responses and efficacy of an inactivated influenza vaccine in ferrets.
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- Finally, CAF01 allowed for DOSE-reduction and led to higher levels of protection compared to TIV adjuvanted with a squalene emulsion
1811. Phase IB study of gene-mediated cytotoxic immunotherapy adjuvant to up-front surgery and intensive timing radiation for malignant glioma.
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- Thirteen patients were enrolled and 12 completed therapy, three at DOSE levels 1 and 2 and six at DOSE level 3
- There were no DOSE-limiting or significant added toxicities
1812. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to monovalent 2009 influenza A/H1N1 and seasonal trivalent influenza vaccines in high-risk children.
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- Higher antigen DOSE, additional DOSE regimens, or both for immunocompromised children warrant further investigation.
1813. The NYCBH vaccinia virus deleted for the innate immune evasion gene, E3L, protects rabbits against lethal challenge by rabbitpox virus.
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- Both vaccines fully protected rabbits against lethal challenge by escalating DOSEs of RPV, from 10LD(50) to 1000LD(50)
- A single DOSE of NYCBHΔE3L protected rabbits from weight loss, fever, and clinical symptoms following the lowest DOSE challenge of 10LD(50), however it allowed a moderate level of RPV replication at the challenge site, some spread to external skin and mucosal surfaces, and increased numbers of secondary lesions as compared to vaccination with NYCBH
- Alternately, two DOSEs of NYCBHΔE3L fully protected rabbits from weight loss, fever, and clinical symptoms, following challenge with 100-1000LD(50) RPV, and it prevented development of secondary lesions similar to protection seen with NYCBH
- Finally, vaccination with either one or two DOSEs of NYCBHΔE3L resulted in similar neutralizing antibody titers following RPV challenge as compared to titers obtained by vaccination with NYCBH
1814. Cloning, expression and characterization of a cell wall surface protein, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, of Haemophilus parasuis.
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- Furthermore, immunization with the r6PGD protein can provide the protective efficacy by 75% following intraperitoneal administration of a 5×LD(50) DOSE of H
1815. Subunit vaccine efficacy against Botulinum neurotoxin subtypes.
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- High DOSE vaccination with HCR/A subtypes A1-A4 protected mice from challenge by heterologous BoNT/A subtype A1-A3, while low DOSE HCR vaccination yielded partial protection to heterologous BoNT/A subtype challenge
- Absolute IgG titers to HCRs correlated to the DOSE of HCR used for vaccination, where HCR/A1 elicited an A1 subtype-specific IgG response, which was not observed with HCR/A2 vaccination
- Survival of mice challenged to heterologous BoNT/A2 following low DOSE HCR/A1 vaccination correlated with elevated IgG titers directed to the denatured C-terminal sub-domain of HCR/A2, while survival of mice to heterologous BoNT/A1 following low DOSE HCR/A2 vaccination correlated to elevated IgG titers directed to native HCRc/A1
- This implies that low DOSE vaccinations with HCR/A subtypes elicit unique IgG responses, and provides a basis to define how the host develops a neutralizing immune response to BoNT intoxication
1816. Virus aggregating peptide enhances the cell-mediated response to influenza virus vaccine.
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- In vivo, mice vaccinated with a suboptimal DOSE of inactivated vaccine containing EB peptide had reduced morbidity, improved viral clearance, and faster recovery than mice receiving vaccine alone
1817. Long-term fertility control in female cats with GonaCon™, a GnRH immunocontraceptive.
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- The objective was to test the efficacy and duration of activity of a single-DOSE GnRH immunocontraceptive vaccine (GonaCon™) on the fertility of adult female laboratory cats
1818. B. anthracis in a wool-processing factory: seroprevalence and occupational risk.
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- Results suggest a DOSE-response association for those processing raw goat hair
1819. Novel chikungunya vaccine candidate with an IRES-based attenuation and host range alteration mechanism.
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- Ideally, vaccines for diseases of resource-limited countries should combine low cost and single DOSE efficacy, yet induce rapid and long-lived immunity with negligible risk of serious adverse reactions
- Testing in both normal outbred and interferon response-defective mice indicated that the new vaccine candidate is highly attenuated, immunogenic and efficacious after a single DOSE
1820. Risk factors for human rabies in China.
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- For patients who had post-exposure prophylaxis, DOSE for the first injection and immunity procedure were significantly associated with rabies infection.
1821. Ipilimumab (Yervoy) and the TGN1412 catastrophe.
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- In the recent industry-sponsored phase III clinical trial of ipilimumab, 147 (38.7%) of the patients experienced severe adverse events and 6.8% suffered DOSE-limiting events (8.4%, in the ipilimumab-alone group)
- Then, a humanized "superagonist" anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody, TGN1412, which "preferentially" activated regulatory T cells, at a higher DOSE, also activated all CD28 positive T cells
- At lower antibody DOSEs specific T cells are preferentially activated
- With increasing antibody DOSE, however, the kinetics of the interaction is pushed in favor of widespread non-specific T cell expansion
1822. Statistical methodology for the evaluation of vaccine efficacy in a phase III multi-centre trial of the RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine in African children.
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- The methods used to estimate efficacy of the primary course of vaccination, and of a booster DOSE, in preventing clinical episodes of uncomplicated and severe malaria, and to determine the duration of protection, are described
1823. Design of a phase III multicenter trial to evaluate the efficacy of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in children across diverse transmission settings in Africa.
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- Children were randomized 1:1:1 to one of three study groups: (1) primary vaccination with RTS,S/AS01 and booster DOSE of RTS,S/AS01; (2) primary vaccination with RTS,S/AS01 and a control vaccine at time of booster; (3) primary vaccination with control vaccine and a control vaccine at time of booster
- Primary vaccination comprises three DOSEs at monthly intervals; the booster DOSE is administered at 18 months post-primary course
- The co-primary objectives are the evaluation of efficacy over one year post-DOSE 3 against clinical malaria when primary immunization is delivered at: (1) 6-12 weeks of age, with co-administration of DTPwHepB/Hib antigens and OPV; (2) 5-17 months of age
- Safety of the primary course of immunization and the booster DOSE will be documented in both age categories
1824. Licensure of a meningococcal conjugate vaccine for children aged 2 through 10 years and updated booster dose guidance for adolescents and other persons at increased risk for meningococcal disease--Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2011.
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- One other quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenACWY-D(Menactra, Sanofi Pasteur), is licensed in the United States for prevention of meningococcal disease caused by serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135 among persons aged 2 through 55 years; MenACWY-D also is licensed as a 2-DOSE series for children aged 9 through 23 months
- ACIP further recommended, in January 2011, that all adolescents receive a booster DOSE of quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine at age 16 years
1825. Factors influencing the efficacy of two injections of a pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) nonadjuvanted vaccine in systemic lupus erythematosus.
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- We conducted a single-center, observational prospective study of 111 patients who were vaccinated with a monovalent, inactivated, nonadjuvanted, split-virus vaccine during December 2009 and January 2010 and received a second DOSE of vaccine 3 weeks later
1826. Safety of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in children aged 24 to 59 months in the vaccine safety datalink.
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- To evaluate the safety of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in children aged 24 to 59 months and to evaluate the risk of medically attended events (MAEs) in a subcohort of children who had multiple annual DOSEs of TIV over their lifetimes
- Children aged 24 to 59 months who received at least 1 TIV DOSE (66 283 children and 91 692 TIV DOSEs)
- A secondary analysis examined the risk of MAEs in children who had multiple annual lifetime TIV DOSEs
- In the secondary analysis, there was an apparent DOSE response for vaccine and allergic reactions in the 1- to 3-day risk window
- Further studies are warranted to evaluate the risk of MAEs in children with multiple lifetime TIV DOSEs.
1827. The lethal ovitrap: a response to the resurgence of dengue and chikungunya.
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- The lethal ovitrap addresses these shortcomings by luring the potentially viremic female mosquitoes to an egg laying site where they are exposed to a toxic insecticide DOSE
1828. Combined active and passive immunization against nicotine: minimizing monoclonal antibody requirements using a target antibody concentration strategy.
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- This study investigated supplementing vaccination with monoclonal antibodies in a targeted fashion to increase vaccine efficacy while minimizing the required monoclonal antibody DOSE
- Rats were vaccinated and then given individualized supplemental DOSEs of the nicotine-specific monoclonal antibody Nic311 to achieve a target total serum NicAb concentration known to be effective for blocking locomotor sensitization (LMS) to nicotine
- These data show that combination immunotherapy, using a Nic311 DOSE that is by itself only minimally effective, can substantially enhance nicotine vaccine efficacy
1829. Comparison of real-time PCR with conventional PCR and culture to assess the efficacy of a live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium vaccine against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in commercial leghorn chicks vaccinated under field and laboratory conditions.
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- The chicks were challenged with a high DOSE of a Salmonella Enteritidis strain at 10 wk old and euthanatized 3 days postinoculation
1830. Evaluation of factors affecting vaccine efficacy of recombinant Marek's disease virus lacking the Meq oncogene in chickens.
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- These factors included host genetics (MHC haplotype), strain or DOSE of challenge virus, vaccine challenge intervals, and maternal antibody status of the vaccinated chicks
- At a challenge DOSE above 8000 plaque-forming units, differences in protection were observed between the two highly virulent strains examined (648A and 686)
1831. [Comparison of protective properties of the smallpox DNA-vaccine based on the variola virus A30L gene and its variant with modified codon usage].
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- The groups of mice were intracutaneously immunized three times with three-week intervals with candidate DNA-vaccines: pcDNA_A30L or pcDNA_A30Lopt, and in three weeks after the last immunization all mice in the groups were intraperitoneally infected by the ectromelia virus K1 strain in 10 LD50 DOSE for the estimation of protection
1832. [Influence of natural boosters on long-term immunity against hepatitis B].
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- In 130 children aged 10-12years, vaccinated with 4 DOSEs ofrecombinantvaccine against hepatitis B in infancy, exposure to risk factors for HBV infection (infection in family members including mother, hospitalization, surgical interventions, blood transfusion, dental treatment, piercing, tattooing) was analyzed
- Blood transfusion is currently not a source of infection, however, children who received blood transfusion in the neonatal period, may require control of immunization efficacy or a booster DOSE
1833. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among high-risk adults 18-49 years, U.S., 2009.
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- We used the 2009 National Health Interview Survey to assess self-reported HepB vaccine uptake (≥ 1 DOSE), series completion (≥ 3 DOSE), and independent predictors of vaccination among high-risk adults aged 18-49 years
- Unadjusted coverage with ≥ 1 DOSE was 50.5% among high-risk compared to 40.5% among non-high-risk adults (p-values <0.001) while series completion (≥ 3 DOSEs) was 41.8% and 34.2%, respectively (p-values <0.001)
- On multivariable analysis, ≥ 1 DOSE coverage, but not series completion, was higher (Risk Ratio 1.1, 95% CI=1.0-1.2, p-value=0.021) among high-risk compared to non-high risk adults
- Vaccine uptake with ≥ 1 DOSE increased by 5.1% (p=0.047) among high-risk adults between 2004 and 2009
- A small increase in ≥ 1 DOSE HepB vaccination coverage among high-risk adults compared with non-high risk adults was documented for the first time in 2009
- To improve protection against hepatitis B among high-risk adults, healthcare providers should offer hepatitis B vaccination to persons at high risk and those who seek vaccination to protect themselves and facilitate timely completion of the three (3) DOSE HepB series.
1834. Safety and efficacy of the RTS,S/AS01E candidate malaria vaccine given with expanded-programme-on-immunisation vaccines: 19 month follow-up of a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial.
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- Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive three DOSEs of RTS,S/AS01(E) at 6, 10, and 14 weeks (0, 1, 2 month schedule) or at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 9 months (0, 2, 7 month schedule) or placebo
- Vaccine efficacy for the 0, 1, 2 month schedule (2 weeks after DOSE three to month 19, site-adjusted according-to-protocol analysis) was 53% (95% CI 26-70; p=0·0012) against first malaria episodes and 59% (36-74; p=0·0001) against all malaria episodes
- 1 year after DOSE three, vaccine efficacy against first malaria episodes was similar for both schedules (0, 1, 2 month group, 61·6% [95% CI 35·6-77·1], p<0·001; 0, 1, 7 month group, 63·8% [40·4-78·0], p<0·001, according-to-protocol cohort)
1835. [Outbreak of whooping cough with a high attack rate in well-vaccinated children and adolescents].
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- The large majority (86.4%) of this last group were correctly vaccinated, including the fifth DOSE at the age of 4-6 years
1836. Route of administration modulates the induction of dendritic cell vaccine-induced antigen-specific T cells in advanced melanoma patients.
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- Half of the patients also received low-DOSE IL-2 (9 MIU daily for 7 days starting 3 days after each vaccination)
1837. Case-control study of the effectiveness of vaccination with pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in Nicaragua.
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- In 2006, Merck & Co., Inc., partnered with the Nicaraguan Ministry of Health to demonstrate the public health impact of routine universal vaccination by delivering more than 1.3 million DOSEs of the oral, pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) in a 3-year period
- A matched case-control study evaluated the effectiveness of RV5 in reducing the risk for severe wild-type rotavirus gastroenteritis (RGE) resulting in hospitalizations and emergency department visits among children who completed the recommended 3-DOSE regimen as part of the routine national vaccine program
- Vaccine effectiveness during 2 years of follow-up against severe disease in children receiving 3 DOSEs of RV5 was 87% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74-93) for community controls, 64% (95% CI, 44-78) for hospital controls, and 76% (95% CI, 63-84) when the groups were combined
1838. Evaluation of the immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of a novel identified immunogenic protein, SsPepO, of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.
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- The results demonstrated that it could elicit a strong humoral antibody response and confer significant protection against challenge with a lethal DOSE of S
1839. HPV-related risk perceptions and HPV vaccine uptake among a sample of young rural women.
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- After completing a brief interview assessing seven HPV-related risk perceptions, women received a HPV vaccine voucher which provided the entire three-DOSE vaccine series free of charge
- Whether women redeemed the voucher for DOSE one of Gardasil served as the study outcome variable
- Less than 50% redeemed the voucher to receive DOSE one of the HPV vaccine
1840. Development and evaluation of gamma irradiated toxoid vaccine of Salmonella enterica var Typhimurium.
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- The antibody titres calculated as geometric mean with standard error at 1:10(-4) dilutions showed a steep rise after the first DOSE and peaked at week 6 post primary vaccinations
1841. Persistence of rabies antibody 5 years after postexposure prophylaxis with vero cell antirabies vaccine and antibody response to a single booster dose.
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- This study was done to investigate the antibody response to a Vero cell antirabies vaccine, the persistence of antibody for 5 years, and the effect of a booster DOSE after this interval
- Moreover, when followed by a booster DOSE 5 years later, it could boost the immunity
1842. Humoral antibody responses to different H5N1 and H5N2 vaccination regimes: implications for the development of autogenously based vaccines.
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- The possible beneficiary effect of booster DOSE at different intervals was screened for both H5N1 vaccine as well as a selected H5N2 candidate
1843. Delay of simian human immunodeficiency virus infection and control of viral replication in vaccinated macaques challenged in the presence of a topical microbicide.
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- To rigorously test the combination hypothesis, the vaccine constructs contained only two transgenes and the topical microbicide inhibitor was used at a suboptimal DOSE
- Vaccinees were exposed in the absence and presence of the topical microbicide to repeated vaginal R5 simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)(SF162P3) challenge at an escalating DOSE to more closely mimic high-risk exposure of women to HIV
1844. From research to phase III: preclinical, industrial and clinical development of the Sanofi Pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine.
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- A three-DOSE vaccination regimen induces an immune response against all four serotypes in the large majority of vaccinees
1845. Multiple dose vaccination with heterologous H5N2 vaccine: immune response and protection against variant clade 2.2.1 highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in broiler breeder chickens.
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1846. Cost-effectiveness of conjugate pneumococcal vaccination in Singapore: comparing estimates for 7-valent, 10-valent, and 13-valent vaccines.
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- The original 2008 analysis, which had higher estimates of pneumonia prevention due to herd immunity and lower estimates of cost per DOSE, had found a cost-effectiveness ratio of USD $5562 (SGD $7661) per QALY for PCV-7
1847. Standardization of the outbred BALB/c mice as a suitable animal model for Besnoitia caprae studies.
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1848. Interference and facilitation between dengue serotypes in a tetravalent live dengue virus vaccine candidate.
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- To characterize interactions between DENV serotypes in a tetravalent live-attenuated virus vaccine candidate, we analyzed data from a factorial clinical trial in which all combinations of high- and low-DOSE DENV serotypes were combined in 16 live-attenuated tetravalent vaccine formulations (N = 64) and administered to flavivirus-naive adult volunteers
- Regression models considered the outcomes of reactogenicity and seroconversion, controlling for all serotype DOSEs simultaneously
- In tetravalent formulations, DENV-1 and DENV-2 antagonized each other, with a high DOSE of one decreasing seroconversion to the other
- However, high-DOSE DENV-1 significantly increased seroconversion against 3 or more serotypes, increasing seroconversion to DENV-1, DENV-3, and DENV-4
- The highest reactogenicity occurred when DENV-1 was at high DOSE and all others were low; reactogenicity decreased with the incorporation of other high-DOSE serotypes
1849. Characteristics of children with positive tuberculin skin test.
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- TST size was not affected with time passed after last DOSE of BCG vaccination, family history of tuberculosis, presence of TST positive case in the family, exposure to cigarette smoke, number of household family members and presence of respiratory allergic disease
1850. Determinants of successful CD8+ T-cell adoptive immunotherapy for large established tumors in mice.
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- Multiple clinically modifiable parameters can comprise this therapy, including cell DOSE and phenotype, in vivo antigen restimulation, and common gamma-chain (γ(c)) cytokine support
- In addition to cell DOSE and magnitude of in vivo antigen restimulation, we also evaluated the relative efficacy of central memory (T(CM)), effector memory (T(EM)), and stem cell memory (T(SCM)) subsets on the strength of tumor regression as well as the DOSE and type of clinically available γ(c) cytokines, including IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21
- We found that cell DOSE, T-cell differentiation status, and viral vaccine titer each were correlated strongly and significantly with the magnitude of tumor regression
- Surprisingly, although the total number of IL-2 DOSEs was correlated with tumor regression, no significant benefit to prolonged (≥6 DOSEs) administration was observed
- Moreover, the specific type and DOSE of γ(c) cytokine only moderately correlated with response
1851. Delta inulin polysaccharide adjuvant enhances the ability of split-virion H5N1 vaccine to protect against lethal challenge in ferrets.
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- Two immunizations with high or low DOSE adjuvanted vaccine stimulated high neutralizing antibody titers
- Survival was 100% in all groups receiving adjuvanted-vaccine including the single DOSE group, compared to 67% survival with unadjuvanted vaccine, and 0% survival in saline or adjuvant-alone controls
1852. WITHDRAWN: Conjugate vaccines for preventing meningococcal C meningitis and septicaemia.
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- The studies showed that MCC vaccine was highly immunogenic in infants after two and three DOSEs, in toddlers after one and two DOSEs and in older age groups after one DOSE
- Immunological hypo-responsiveness seen after repeated DOSEs of MPLS vaccine may be overcome with MCC
1853. Enhanced control of pathogenic Simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 replication in macaques immunized with an interleukin-12 plasmid and a DNA prime-viral vector boost vaccine regimen.
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- Remarkably, after repeated low-DOSE SIVmac239 mucosal challenge, we demonstrate 2.6 and 4.4 log reductions of the median SIV peak and set point viral loads in rhesus macaques (RMs) that received pDNA-SIV by EP with pIL-12 compared to the median peak and set point viral loads in mock-immunized controls (P < 0.01)
1854. Use of the state immunization information system to assess rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in Connecticut, 2006-2008.
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- VE of at least one DOSE was 90.6%, comparable to the pre-licensure efficacy of 96% and to the unadjusted 83.5-90.7% estimates by using traditional case-control methods
1855. Immune correlates of protection against yellow fever determined by passive immunization and challenge in the hamster model.
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- To characterize the protective efficacy of neutralizing antibodies stimulated by the inactivated vaccine, graded DOSEs of serum from hamsters immunized with inactivated XRX-001 or live 17D vaccine were transferred to hamsters by the intraperitoneal (IP) route 24h prior to virulent, viscerotropic YF virus challenge
- Immunization with the XRX-001 vaccine stimulated YF neutralizing antibodies that were equally effective (based on DOSE response) as antibodies stimulated by live 17D vaccine
1856. Co-expression of tetanus toxin fragment C in Escherichia coli with thioredoxin and its evaluation as an effective subunit vaccine candidate.
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- The purified THc-vaccinated mice were completely protected against an active toxin challenge in mouse models of disease and the potency of two DOSEs of THc was comparable to that of three DOSEs of toxoid vaccine
- Furthermore, mice were vaccinated once or twice at four different dosages of THc and a DOSE-response was observed in both the antibody titer and protective efficacy with increasing dosage of THc and number of vaccinations
1857. Protective efficacy and safety of Brucella melitensis 16MΔmucR against intraperitoneal and aerosol challenge in BALB/c mice.
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- BALB/c mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally at a DOSE of 10(5) CFU with the mutant to evaluate safety and protective efficacy against intraperitoneal and aerosol challenge
1858. Development and efficacy of a novobiocin-resistant Streptococcus iniae as a novel vaccine in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
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- When tilapia were IP vaccinated by ISNO at DOSE of 1×10(2), 1×10(3), 1×10(4), 1×10(5), 1×10(6), and 1×10(7)CFU/fish, RPS values at 28 dpv were 81, 94, 100, 100, 100, and 100%, respectively
1859. Efficacy of combined intravesical immunotherapy and chemotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
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- If BCG DOSE reduction can be achieved with combined intravesical immunotherapy and chemotherapy, this regimen may improve compliance and thus optimize treatment for these patients by limiting side effects from BCG monotherapy, while at the same time improving oncologic efficacy via the separate anti-tumor mechanisms of these agents
1860. [Field epidemiology investigation on measles outbreak started from a junior high school at Kita Ibaraki City].
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- These findings may keep clarify the need to introduce two-DOSE measles immunization in Japan.
1861. Effect of LIGHT adjuvant on kinetics of T-cell responses induced by HSV-1 DNA immunization.
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- Using a granzyme B ELISA for detection and analysis of CD8+ T cells, CTL activity was determined in the spleen of BALB/c mice at various time points after primary and booster DOSE of vaccination
- Although LIGHT enhances the cellular response in the booster DOSE of vaccination, it does not accelerate the CTL response.
1862. Risk of disability for US army personnel vaccinated against anthrax, 1998-2005.
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- There was a DOSE-related trend in risk of disability for soldiers with 2 years' service, limited to those entering service in 2000 or later
1863. A poxvirus vaccine is safe, induces T-cell responses, and decreases viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
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- In an open-label, DOSE-escalating study, patients with mild CHC (genotype 1) were assigned to 3 groups of 3 patients each; they received subcutaneous injections of 10⁶, 10⁷, or 10⁸ plaque-forming units of TG4040 on study days 1, 8, and 15
- Six additional patients were given the highest DOSE of vaccine (10⁸ plaque-forming units)
- All 3 DOSEs of TG4040 were well tolerated, without serious adverse events
1864. Immunogenicity of the tuberculosis vaccine MVA85A is reduced by coadministration with EPI vaccines in a randomized controlled trial in Gambian infants.
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- The safety profile of both low and standard DOSEs was comparable, but the standard DOSE was more immunogenic and therefore was selected for the second stage of the study
1865. Effect of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on Staphylococcus aureus colonisation in a randomised controlled trial.
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- Between July 2005 and February 2006, 1005 children were enrolled and received either 2-DOSEs of PCV7 (n = 336), 2+1-DOSEs (336) or no DOSE (n = 333) before PCV7 implementation in the Dutch national immunization program
- aureus colonisation had doubled in children in the 2+1-DOSE group at 12 months of age compared with unvaccinated controls (10.1% versus 5.0%; p = 0.019)
- aureus colonisation in children around 12 months of age after a 2+1-DOSE PCV7 schedule
1866. Disparities in human papillomavirus vaccine completion among vaccine initiators.
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- To estimate rates of completing the full three-DOSE prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination regimen in patients who initiated the series and to identify variables associated with not completing vaccination
1867. Fetal protection against bovine viral diarrhoea type 1 virus infection after one administration of a live-attenuated vaccine.
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1868. A recombinant Hendra virus G glycoprotein-based subunit vaccine protects ferrets from lethal Hendra virus challenge.
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- We report that ferrets vaccinated with a 100 μg, 20 μg or 4 μg DOSE of HeVsG remained free of clinical signs of HeV infection following a challenge with 5000 TCID₅₀ of HeV
- Together, our findings indicate that 100 μg or 20 μg DOSEs of HeVsG vaccine can completely prevent a productive HeV infection in the ferret, suggesting that vaccination to prevent the infection and shedding of HeV is possible.
1869. Enhanced immunogenicity, mortality protection, and reduced viral brain invasion by alum adjuvant with an H5N1 split-virion vaccine in the ferret.
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- Survival after unadjuvanted DOSE regimens of 30 µg, 7.5 µg and 1.9 µg (21-day intervals) was 64%, 43%, and 43%, respectively, yet survivors experienced weight loss, fever and thrombocytopenia
- Survival after unadjuvanted DOSE regimen of 22.5 µg (28-day intervals) was 0%, suggesting important differences in intervals in this model
- In contrast to unadjuvanted survivors, either DOSE of alum-adjuvanted vaccine resulted in 93% survival with minimal morbidity and without fever or weight loss
1870. Paralytic poliomyelitis associated with Sabin monovalent and bivalent oral polio vaccines in Hungary.
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- The adjusted VAPP risk per million DOSEs administered was 0.18 for mOPV1 (2 cases/11.13 million DOSEs), 2.96 for mOPV3 (32 cases/10.81 million DOSEs), and 12.82 for bOPV (5 cases/390,000 DOSEs)
- In polio-endemic areas in which mOPV3 and bOPV are needed to achieve eradication, the higher risk of VAPP would be offset by the high risk of paralysis due to wild poliovirus and higher per-DOSE efficacy of mOPV3 and bOPV compared with trivalent OPV.
1871. A novel recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing parvovirus VP2 gene: Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in swine.
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- Immunization of piglets with recombinant virus elicited PRV-specific and PPV-specific humoral immune responses and provided complete protection against a lethal DOSE of PRV challenges
1872. Intussusception risk and health benefits of rotavirus vaccination in Mexico and Brazil.
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- An increased risk of intussusception 1 to 7 days after the first DOSE of RV1 was identified among infants in Mexico with the use of both the case-series method (incidence ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0 to 9.3) and the case-control method (odds ratio, 5.8; 95% CI, 2.6 to 13.0)
- No significant risk was found after the first DOSE among infants in Brazil, but an increased risk, albeit smaller than that seen after the first DOSE in Mexico--an increase by a factor of 1.9 to 2.6 - was seen 1 to 7 days after the second DOSE
1873. The heterogeneity of measles epidemiology in India: implications for improving control measures.
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- Although states with coverage of <90% should increase 1-DOSE coverage and address coverage in pockets that are poorly reached, a second opportunity for measles vaccination could be considered in states such as Himachal Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
1874. The humoral immune response to the inactivated influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea.
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- We evaluated the antibody response to a single-DOSE adjuvanted, inactivated, pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccination in patients with diabetes and assessed factors associated with the failure to induce antibody responses
- Until larger-scale, case-controlled trials become available, older patients and patients with a longer duration of diabetes should be considered for the two-DOSE vaccination or have antibody titres measured after the first vaccination.
1875. Matrix-M adjuvanted virosomal H5N1 vaccine confers protection against lethal viral challenge in a murine model.
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- IM vaccination provided protection irrespective of DOSE and the presence of Matrix-M adjuvant, whilst the IN vaccine required adjuvant to protect against the challenge
1876. Safety and efficacy of Rift Valley fever Smithburn and Clone 13 vaccines in calves.
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- Five sero-negative calves per vaccine group were vaccinated with a single DOSE of each vaccine and tested for antibody response
1877. Clinicopathological and immunological studies on toxoids vaccine as a successful alternative in controlling clostridial infection in broilers.
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- perfringens type A, C and combined A&C toxoids particularly after the second DOSE of vaccination
- We concluded that immunization of broilers with toxoid vaccines particularly the combined type A & C is safe, well-tolerated and can protect broiler chickens against necrotic enteritis particularly after the second booster DOSE of the vaccine.
1878. Vaccination for leptospirosis improved the weaning percentage of 2-year-old farmed red deer hinds in New Zealand.
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- In mid-February 2007, 252 rising 2-year-old hinds on four farms received a single DOSE of streptomycin (25 mg/kg), to minimise leptospiral infection
1879. Short-course chemotherapy with TMC207 and rifapentine in a murine model of latent tuberculosis infection.
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- Using an established experimental model of LTBI chemotherapy in which mice are aerosol-immunized with a recombinant bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine before low-DOSE aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the efficacy of TMC207 alone and in combination with rifapentine was compared with currently recommended control regimens as well as once-weekly rifapentine + isoniazid and daily rifapentine ± isoniazid
1880. Post herpetic neuralgia.
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- First and second line pharmacotherapy include anticonvulsants, antidepressants, topical lidocaine, high DOSE capsaicin, and opioids either used individually or in combination
1881. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of RIX4414 in Japanese infants during the first two years of life.
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- A phase III, randomized, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy, reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity of a human rotavirus vaccine, RIX4414 in Japanese infants aged 6-14 weeks when administered as two DOSEs (0, 1-month schedule)
- Efficacy against any and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis leading to medical intervention caused by circulating wild-type rotavirus from two weeks post-DOSE 2 until two years of age was 79.3% (95% CI: 60.5-89.8%) and 91.6% (95% CI: 62.4-99.1%), respectively
- Serum anti-rotavirus antibody seroconversion rate one-month post-DOSE 2 was 85.3% (95% CI: 68.9-95%) in RIXX4414 group
1882. Efficacy of Leishmania donovani ribosomal P1 gene as DNA vaccine in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.
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- The recombinant protein rLdP1 was given along with Freund's adjuvant and the plasmid DNA vaccine, pVAX-P1 was used alone either as single DOSE or double DOSE (prime and boost) in different groups of hamsters which were subsequently challenged with a virulent DOSE of 1×10(7) L
- While the recombinant protein rLdP1 or DNA vaccine pVAX-P1 in single DOSE format were not found to be protective, DNA vaccine in a prime-boost mode was able to induce protection with reduced mortality, a significant (75.68%) decrease in splenic parasite burden and increased expression of Th1 type cytokines in immunized hamsters
1883. Efficacy of a tetravalent chimeric dengue vaccine (DENVax) in Cynomolgus macaques.
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- All animals immunized with the high-DOSE formulation were protected from viremia, and all immunized animals were completely protected from DENV-3 and DENV-4 challenge
- A lower DOSE of DENVax formulation partially protected animals from DENV-1 or DENV-2 challenge
1884. Phase I study utilizing a novel antigen-presenting cell-targeted vaccine with Toll-like receptor stimulation to induce immunity to self-antigens in cancer patients.
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- An initial DOSE escalation of single-agent CDX-1307 was followed by additional cohorts of CDX-1307 combined with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly-ICLC) and TLR7/8 agonist resiquimod to activate the APC
1885. Establishment of the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) as a novel animal model for comparing smallpox vaccines administered preexposure in both high- and low-dose monkeypox virus challenges.
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1886. Vaccination with patient-specific tumor-derived antigen in first remission improves disease-free survival in follicular lymphoma.
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- Primary efficacy end points were disease-free survival (DFS) for all randomly assigned patients and DFS for randomly assigned patients receiving at least one DOSE of Id vaccine or control
1887. End-of-study safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of quadrivalent HPV (types 6, 11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine in adult women 24-45 years of age.
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- The main analysis was conducted in a per-protocol efficacy population (that received three DOSEs, was naive to the relevant HPV types at day 1, and remained free of infection through month 7)
- Efficacy for women who were seropositive and DNA negative for the relevant vaccine HPV type at the time of enrolment who received at least 1 DOSE was 66.9% (95% CI: 4.3, 90.6)
1888. Leishmania major: activity of tamoxifen against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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- Groups of infected mice were given tamoxifen, orally, at a DOSE of 20 mg/kg/day for 15 days
1889. Kidney transplantation from hepatitis B virus core antibody-positive donors: prophylaxis with hepatitis B immunoglobulin.
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- We investigated the use of a single DOSE of 2000 IU of hepatitis B immunoglobulin in 18 patients among a population of 54 kidney transplant recipients from HBcAb-positive deceased donors
1890. A systematic review of experimental infections with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC).
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- We identified 27 studies of 11 ETEC strains administered to 443 naive subjects at DOSEs from 1×10(6) to 1×10(10) colony forming units (cfu)
- Diarrhea attack rates varied by strain, DOSE and enterotoxin
- Similar rates were seen at DOSEs of 5×10(8) to 1×10(10)cfu with the three most commonly used strains B7A, E24377A, H10407
1891. Immune response to an adjuvanted influenza A H1N1 vaccine (Pandemrix(®)) in renal transplant recipients.
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- Sixty patients and 22 healthy controls participated in a prospective observational study and received a single DOSE of Pandemrix®
1892. Dose-finding study of the novel tuberculosis vaccine, MVA85A, in healthy BCG-vaccinated infants.
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- We assessed the safety of and characterized the T cell response induced by 3 DOSEs of the candidate vaccine, MVA85A, in BCG-vaccinated infants from a setting where tuberculosis is endemic
- The 3 MVA85A DOSEs were well tolerated, and no vaccine-related serious adverse events were recorded
- No DOSE-related differences in response magnitude were observed
1893. rhIL-12 as adjuvant augments lung cell cytokine responses to pneumococcal whole cell antigen.
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- We show that co-incubation of ex vivo human BAL cells with pneumococcal whole cell antigen (WCA) and a low DOSE of rhIL-12 (2 ng) can elevate TNF production compared to treatment with WCA (p=0.06) or rhIL-12 (p=0.03) alone
- Our data suggest that 100-200-fold lower DOSEs of inhaled rhIL-12 than those previously tested for systemic use may be adequate in a phase 1 study and commend further evaluation of rhIL-12 as a potential mucosal adjuvant in human vaccine studies.
1894. Intramuscular immunization of mice with live influenza virus is more immunogenic and offers greater protection than immunization with inactivated virus.
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- A 2-DOSE regime of trivalent inactivated vaccine is required to generate protective levels of hemagglutination inhibiting (HAI) antibodies
- These increases corresponded with the live virus vaccinated group having significantly less weight loss and less virus in the lungs on day 7 following challenge with a sublethal DOSE of a heterosubtypic virus
1895. Induction of a potent immune response in the elderly using the TLR-5 agonist, flagellin, with a recombinant hemagglutinin influenza-flagellin fusion vaccine (VAX125, STF2.HA1 SI).
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- VAX125 vaccine was administered at DOSEs of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 or 8 μg delivered i.m
- as a single DOSE vaccination on Day 0 using a DOSE-escalation with 20 subjects in each DOSE level
- The vaccine was well tolerated at all DOSE levels, with no more than mild to moderate local or systemic symptoms
- The geometric mean titers (GMT) increased in all DOSE groups
- A 5 μg DOSE of VAX125 was safe and able to induce a greater than 10-fold increase HAI antibody levels and nearly complete seroprotection in subjects over 65 years old
1896. Protection from persistent infection with a bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 1b strain by a modified-live vaccine containing BVDV types 1a and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza 3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus.
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- Heifers were vaccinated subcutaneously with a single DOSE of the MLV and bred four weeks after vaccination
1897. Varicella rates among unvaccinated and one-dose vaccinated healthy children in Izmir, Turkey.
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- Of these, 1683 had been vaccinated with a single DOSE of varicella vaccine and 1119 were unvaccinated
- A two-DOSE varicella vaccine policy may be needed to provide improved protection.
1898. Anti-β-amyloid immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: focus on bapineuzumab.
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- The occurrence of vasogenic edema, especially in apolipoprotein E 4 carriers, may limit its clinical use and have led to abandon the highest DOSE of the drug (2 mg/kg)
1899. Nanovaccine for leishmaniasis: preparation of chitosan nanoparticles containing Leishmania superoxide dismutase and evaluation of its immunogenicity in BALB/c mice.
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- Soluble Leishmania Antigens (SLA) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) were also injected subcutaneously three times every three weeks (some groups received only a single DOSE)
- Immunological analysis showed that in single and triple DOSEs of SODB1 nanoparticles, IgG2a and IgG2a/IgG1 were significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05)
- The results revealed that formulations of SODB1 in biodegradable and stable chitosan nanoparticles can increase the immunogenicity toward cell-mediated immunity (T(H)1 cells producing IgG2a in mice) that is effective in Leishmania eradication and could be presented as a single DOSE nanovaccine for leishmaniasis.
1900. Concomitant detection of IFNα signature and activated monocyte/dendritic cell precursors in the peripheral blood of IFNα-treated subjects at early times after repeated local cytokine treatments.
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- Despite several studies exploiting microarray technology to characterize IFNα mechanisms of action, there is currently no consensus on the core signature of these cytokines in the peripheral blood of IFNα-treated individuals, as well as on the existence of blood genomic and proteomic markers of low-DOSE IFNα administered as a vaccine adjuvant
- Gene profiling analysis with microarray was performed on PBMC isolated from melanoma patients and healthy individuals 24 hours after each repeated injection of low-DOSE IFNα, administered as vaccine adjuvant in two separate clinical trials
1901. Immunogenicity and safety of the influenza A H1N1v 2009 vaccine in cancer patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or targeted therapy: the VACANCE study.
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- During the 2009 influenza pandemic, French recommendations were to vaccinate immunocompromised patients with two DOSEs of adjuvanted vaccine
- VACANCE is a prospective open-label study that evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of two DOSEs of AS03A-adjuvanted H1N1v vaccine in cancer patients receiving cytotoxic and/or targeted therapies
- After one and two DOSEs of vaccine, SPRs were 48% and 73%, respectively, and seroconversion rates were 44% and 73%, respectively
- A single DOSE of AS03-adjuvanted A/H1N1 vaccine triggered a low immune response in cancer patients on chemotherapy depending on their treatment type and frequency
- Two DOSEs are needed for these cancer patients.
1902. Anamnestic immune response in 3- to 4-year-old children previously immunized with 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine as 2-dose or 3-dose priming and a booster dose in the first year of life.
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- Immunogenicity of 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein d conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV), administered as 2-DOSE or 3-DOSE priming followed by a booster DOSE, has been described previously
- A DOSE of PHiD-CV (to test anamnestic responses) was administered to 172 children at 36 to 46 months of age; 110 of them had previously been vaccinated with PHiD-CV according to 2 + 1 or 3 + 1 schedules (PHiD-CV [2 + 1] and PHiD-CV [3 + 1] groups) and 62 were unprimed age-matched controls
- To measure immune responses before and 7 to 10 days after the PHiD-CV DOSE, 22F-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) assay were used
- Serotype-specific IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and OPA geometric mean titers increased substantially (from before to 7 to 10 days after the additional PHiD-CV DOSE) for all 10 vaccines and 2 cross-reactive serotypes (6A and 19A) in the children previously vaccinated with PHiD-CV, regardless of the vaccination schedule used
- Antibody GMCs and OPA geometric mean titers after the administration of the PHiD-CV DOSE were markedly higher in both previously PHiD-CV-vaccinated groups than in the unprimed control group, clearly demonstrating prior induction of immunologic memory
1903. IL-6 production following vaccination in pigs--an additional immune response parameter for assessing FMD vaccine efficacy?
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- These analyses confirmed that systemic IL-6 levels increased when the administered vaccine DOSE increased and that the odds of protection against challenge increased as IL-6 levels increased
1904. Recombinant (F1+V) vaccine protects cynomolgus macaques against pneumonic plague.
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- Cynomolgus macaques, immunised at the 80 μg DOSE level with an rF1+rV vaccine (two DOSEs, three weeks apart), were fully protected against pneumonic plague following inhalational exposure to a clinical isolate of Yersinia pestis (strain CO92) at week 8 of the schedule
- At this time, all the immunised animals had developed specific IgG titres to rF1 and rV with geometric mean titres of 96.83±20.93 μg/ml and 78.59±12.07 μg/ml, respectively, for the 40 μg DOSE group; by comparison, the 80 μg DOSE group had developed titres of 114.4±22.1 and 90.8±15.8 μg/ml to rF1 and rV, respectively, by week 8
- All but one of the group immunised at the lower 40 μg DOSE-level were protected against infection; the single animal which succumbed had significantly reduced antibody responses to both the rF1 and rV antigens
1905. Vaccinia virus as a vaccine delivery system for marsupial wildlife.
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- A recombinant vaccinia virus construct (VV399, which expresses the Eg95 antigen of the hydatid disease parasite Echinococcus granulosus) was shown to infect 10/15 possums after a single-DOSE oronasal delivery and to also persist
- Serum antibody reactivity to Eg95 was recorded in 7/8 possums which received a single DOSE of the VV399 construct and 7/7 animals which received triple-DOSE delivery, with titre end-points in the latter case exceeding 1/4000 dilution
1906. Cost effectiveness of pediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: a comparative assessment of decision-making tools.
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- Vaccine cost (DOSE price and number of DOSEs), vaccine efficacy and epidemiology of critical endpoint (for example, incidence of pneumonia, distribution of serotypes causing pneumonia) were influential parameters in the models we compared
1907. Phase I/IIa trial of autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine concomitant with fractionated radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Clinical article.
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- The treatment protocol included aggressive tumor resection, fractionated radiotherapy up to a total DOSE of 60 Gy, and 3 concomitant courses of AFTV administered with an interval of one week at the late stage of irradiation
1908. T cell chemo-vaccination effects after repeated mucosal SHIV exposures and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis.
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- To study possible chemo-vaccination, we monitored humoral and cellular immune responses in nine rhesus macaques undergoing up to 14 weekly, low-DOSE SHIV(SF162P3) rectal exposures
1909. Combination of lentivector immunization and low-dose chemotherapy or PD-1/PD-L1 blocking primes self-reactive T cells and induces anti-tumor immunity.
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1910. A single nasal dose of CCL20 chemokine induces dendritic cell recruitment and enhances nontypable Haemophilus influenzae-specific immune responses in the nasal mucosa.
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1911. Tularemia vaccines: recent developments and remaining hurdles.
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- Its inhaled infectious DOSE is very low and can result in very high mortality
1912. Vaccine development for the prevention of staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows.
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1913. Moxifloxacin-acetaminophen-warfarin interaction during bacille Calmette-Guerin treatment for bladder cancer.
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- He did not report that acetaminophen 1000 mg four times daily and one DOSE of moxifloxacin 400 mg had been prescribed before these instillations
- He was instructed to take 2.5 mg of oral phytonadione and to withhold his warfarin DOSE that night
1914. Vaccination of guinea pigs using mce operon mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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- We demonstrate here, in an initial short term assay, that mutants derived from disruption of the mce genes of the bacillus were highly protective in guinea pigs exposed by low DOSE aerosol infection with the virulent W-Beijing isolate SA161
1915. Immunogenicity is not improved by increased antigen dose or booster dosing of seasonal influenza vaccine in a randomized trial of HIV infected adults.
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- Three dosing strategies were used in HIV infected adults (18 to 60 years): two standard DOSEs over 28 days, two double DOSEs over 28 days and a single standard DOSE of influenza vaccine, administered prior to the 2008 influenza season
- Double DOSE plus double DOSE booster slightly increased the proportion achieving HAI titre doubling from baseline for A/Brisbane and B/Florida at weeks 4, 8 and 20 compared to standard vaccine DOSE
- Increased immunogenicity with increased antigen DOSE and booster dosing was most apparent in participants with unsuppressed HIV RNA at baseline
- Even with increased antigen DOSE and booster dosing, non-adjuvanted influenza vaccine immunogenicity is poor in HIV infected individuals
1916. Efficacy of an accelerated hepatitis B vaccination program during pregnancy.
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- Two hundred high-risk pregnant women were enrolled; 84% completed the three-DOSE vaccine series
- Seroconversion (hepatitis B surface antigen 10 milli-international units/mL or greater) after one DOSE was 56% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49-63%), 77% (95% CI, 71-83%) after two DOSEs, and 90% (95% CI, 85-94%) after completing three DOSEs
1917. Immunogenicity and safety of AS03-adjuvanted H1N1 pandemic vaccines in children and adolescents.
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- The two studies presented here evaluated the immunogenicity and the reactogenicity/safety of A/H1N1/2009 vaccines containing either 3.75 μg haemagglutinin antigen (HA) and AS03(A)-adjuvant (3.75 μg HA/AS03(A) study) (N=210 [53, 57 and 100 in the 3-5, 6-9 and 10-17 years age strata, respectively]) or 1.9 μg HA and AS03(B)-adjuvant (1.9 μg HA/AS03(B) study) (N=244 [61, 65 and 118 in the 3-5, 6-9 and 10-17 years age strata, respectively]), given as two-DOSE series
- Although the haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres were higher in the 3.75 μg HA/AS03(A) study, both vaccine dosages were highly immunogenic and exceeded regulatory acceptance criteria after the first and the second DOSEs
- Seroprotection rates reached 100% and seroconversion rates ranged from 98.2% to 99.1% after each DOSE of both vaccine dosages
- Geometric mean titres increased from 456.5 to 1538.5 and from 297.9 to 1106.7 between the first and the second DOSEs in the 3.75 μg HA/AS03(A) study and the 1.9 μg HA/AS03(B) study, respectively
- Despite an observed slight increase of the reactogenicity following the second DOSE in the 3.75 μg HA/AS03(A) study, the vaccines safety profiles were considered clinically acceptable
1918. Rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix™): a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in developed countries.
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- The monovalent rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix™) is administered as a two-DOSE oral series in infants and has demonstrated protective efficacy against RVGE in clinical trials conducted in developed countries
- It is also difficult to draw conclusions regarding the cost effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 relative to that of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, which is administered as a three-DOSE oral series
1919. Identification of broad-spectrum antiviral compounds and assessment of the druggability of their target for efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
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1920. Monoclonal antibodies against β-amyloid (Aβ) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: the Aβ target at a crossroads.
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- Moreover, the occurrence of vasogenic edema and, more rarely, brain microhemorrhages, especially in apolipoprotein E ϵ4 carriers, have led to abandoning of the highest DOSE of the drug
1921. Natural and vaccine-induced immunity to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in asplenic patients with β-thalassemia.
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- A second DOSE of MCC given to 11 patients who had received MCC in the past induced higher IgG compared to primary response (p=0.001)
- Naturally- and vaccine-induced immunity to MenC is impaired in asplenic β-thalassemics; a second DOSE of MCC improves vaccine immunogenicity and is essential for their optimal protection.
1922. Safety and immunogenicity of 4 intramuscular double doses and 4 intradermal low doses vs standard hepatitis B vaccine regimen in adults with HIV-1: a randomized controlled trial.
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- To compare the safety and immunogenicity of 4 intramuscular double-DOSE and 4 intradermal low-DOSE regimens vs the standard hepatitis B vaccine regimen
- Patients were randomly assigned to receive 3 intramuscular injections of the standard DOSE (20 μg) of recombinant HBV vaccine at weeks 0, 4, and 24 (IM20 × 3 group, n = 145); 4 intramuscular double DOSEs (40 μg [2 injections of 20 μg]) of recombinant HBV vaccine at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 24 (IM40 × 4 group, n = 148); or 4 intradermal injections of low DOSEs (4 μg [1/5 of 20 μg]) of recombinant HBV vaccine at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 24 (ID4 × 4 group, n = 144)
- Percentage of responders at week 28, defined as patients with hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) of at least 10 mIU/mL in patients who received at least 1 DOSE of vaccine
- In adults with HIV-1, both the 4 intramuscular double-DOSE regimen and the 4 intradermal low-DOSE regimen improved serological response compared with the standard HBV vaccine regimen
1923. An outbreak of varicella among schoolchildren in Taipei.
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- Increasing vaccine coverage and second DOSE vaccination for increasing vaccine effectiveness may be considered.
1924. Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical cancer screening in Thailand.
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- When cost per vaccinated girl was I$10 (approximately $2 per DOSE) or less, HPV vaccination alone was cost saving
1925. Evaluation of an inactivated Ross River virus vaccine in active and passive mouse immunization models and establishment of a correlate of protection.
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- After active immunizations, the vaccine DOSE-dependently induced antibodies and protected adult mice from viremia and interferon α/β receptor knock-out (IFN-α/βR(-/-)) mice from death and disease
1926. Vaccination coverage among adolescents and risk factors associated with incomplete immunization.
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- By contrast, lower rates were shown for the booster DOSE of tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis (39.6%), for hepatitis A (HAV; 59.1%), for the varicella vaccine (13.8% among adolescents without disease history), and among girls for the human papillomavirus vaccine (11.9%)
1927. Influenza A/H1N1 MF59-adjuvanted vaccine in preterm and term children aged 6 to 23 months.
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- Each child received 2 intramuscular vaccine DOSEs (Focetria [Novartis, Siena, Italy]): DOSE 1 at enrollment and DOSE 2 after 4 weeks (28 ± 2 days)
- Serum samples for antibody measurements were collected immediately before administration of DOSE 1, before administration of DOSE 2 (28 ± 2 days after baseline), and 4 weeks later (56 ± 2 days after baseline)
- Of the 101 children who completed the study 32 out of 34 preterm subjects with a GA of <32 weeks, all of the preterm subjects with a GA of 32 to 36 weeks, and all of the term subjects seroconverted and were seroprotected after the first vaccine DOSE
- Local and systemic tolerability was good in all of the groups, but fever was significantly more common after the first DOSE than after the second DOSE (P < .05), and there were no between-group differences
- A single DOSE of 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 MF59-adjuvanted vaccine evoked a significant immune response against pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus in children aged 6 to 23 months even if their GA was <32 weeks
1928. Immunological basis for the introduction of immunotherapy with Mycobacterium vaccae into the routine treatment of TB.
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- Some of these were then applied to three small studies: one of a single injected DOSE of heat-killed, borate-buffered Mycobacterium vaccae administered early in treatment, another of three such DOSEs administered at monthly intervals from the start of treatment, and the third of ten oral DOSEs at frequent intervals throughout short-course chemotherapy
1929. Timeliness of 2009 H1N1 vaccine coverage in a low-income pediatric and adolescent population.
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- Any (≥1 DOSE) and full coverage (1 DOSE for children ≥10years old, 2 DOSEs for those <10years) was determined as of December 1, 2009 and the end of vaccination period (June 30, 2010)
- By December 1, only 16.6% of children had received one DOSE, and 5.3% had full coverage
- By the end of the vaccination period, 36.2% had received at least one H1N1 DOSE and 23.6% had full coverage
1930. In Vitro and In Vivo studies of monoclonal antibodies with prominent bactericidal activity against Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei.
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- Then, the in vivo protective efficacy of selected MAbs was evaluated using BALB/c mice challenged intranasally with a lethal DOSE of the bacteria
1931. Animal and human dose-response models for Brucella species.
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- Because there is no human vaccine available, rising concerns about the threat of Brucellosis to human health and its inclusion in the Center for Disease Control's Category B Bioterrorism/Select Agent List make a better understanding of the DOSE-response relationship of this microbe necessary
- Through an extensive peer-reviewed literature search, candidate DOSE-response data were appraised so as to surpass certain standards for quality
- The statistical programming language, "R," was used to compute the maximum likelihood estimation to fit two models, the exponential and the approximate beta-Poisson (widely used for quantitative risk assessment) to DOSE-response data
- DOSE-response models were generated for prevalent species of Brucella: Br
- DOSE-response models were created for aerosolized Br
- melitensis showed that the median infectious DOSE corresponded to a 30 colony-forming units (CFU) DOSE of Br
- suis, much less than the N(50) DOSE of about 94 CFU for Br
- melitensis was tested subcutaneously on mice, the N(50) DOSE was higher, 1,840 CFU
- A DOSE-response model was constructed from pooled data for mice, rhesus macaques, and humans inoculated through three routes (subcutaneously/aerosol/intradermally) with Br
1932. [Immunogenicity of protective antigen extracted from asporogenic recombinant strain Bacillus anthracis].
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- Laboratory animals were immunized subcutaneously with two DOSEs of antigenic preparation or one DOSE of B
1933. Efficacy of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, RotaTeq® (RV5), between doses of a 3-dose series and with less than 3 doses (incomplete regimen).
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- Post-hoc analyses of the Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (REST) were conducted to determine whether the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) confers early protection against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) before completion of the 3-DOSE regimen
- To evaluate the efficacy of RV5 between DOSEs in reducing the rates of RVGE-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits in infants who ultimately received all 3 DOSEs of RV5/placebo, events occurring from 2 weeks after the first and second DOSEs to receipt of the subsequent DOSE (Analysis A) and events occurring from 2 weeks after the first and second DOSEs to 2 weeks after the subsequent DOSE (Analysis B) were analyzed
- In Analysis A, RV5 reduced the rates of combined hospitalizations and ED visits for G1-G4 RVGE or RVGE regardless of serotype between DOSEs 1 and 2 by 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72-100%) or 82% (95% CI: 39-97%), respectively, and between DOSEs 2 and 3, RV5 reduced the rates of combined hospitalizations and ED visits for G1-G4 RVGE or RVGE regardless of serotype by 91% (95% CI: 63-99%) or 84% (95% CI: 54-96%), respectively
- These data suggest that RV5 provides a high level of protection between DOSEs against hospitalizations and ED visits for RVGE starting as early as 14 days after the first DOSE.
1934. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake and completion at an urban hospital.
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- Among those who initiate HPV vaccination, large proportions do not complete the three-DOSE regimen
- Only 11% of the sample and 33% of the 9-13 age group completed the 3 DOSE series
- Publicly insured individuals were more likely than the privately insured to complete all 3 DOSEs
1935. A prospective, randomized, open-label trial comparing the safety and efficacy of trivalent live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in adults 60 years of age and older.
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- In March-April 2002, 3009 community-dwelling ambulatory adults 60-95 years of age were randomized 1:1 to receive a single DOSE of LAIV or TIV
1936. Protection of Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) from tuberculosis after intra-muscular vaccination with different doses of BCG.
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- We report the evaluation of the efficacy of IM administration of BCG Danish strain 1331 at two different DOSEs: the DOSE prescribed for adult humans (2-8×10(5)colony forming units) and a 10-fold higher DOSE
- Vaccination generated a DOSE-dependent cell-mediated immune response characterised by the production of interferon-γ (IFNγ) and protection against endobronchial challenge with virulent M
- Protection, expressed in terms of a significant reduction in the severity of disease, the number of tissues containing acid-fast bacilli, and reduced bacterial excretion was statistically significant with the higher DOSE only.
1937. Pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein CRM197 conjugate vaccines, 7- or 9-valent, in the 2 + 1 schedule.
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- The 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein (CRM(197)) conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was licensed based on clinical efficacy trials using the four-DOSE schedule of three infant DOSEs and a booster DOSE in the second year of life (3 + 1)
- An assessment of PCV-7 immunogenicity in studies evaluating two infant DOSEs with a booster (2 + 1) showed similar immunogenicity for the 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 schedules, with the exception of lower post-DOSE two responses for serotypes 6B and 23F, compared with a three-DOSE primary series
- The 2 + 1 PCV-7 schedule has been shown to be effective in controlling pneumococcal disease in several countries, as used in national immunization programs that are marked in particular by good uptake, compliance with the booster DOSE and application of a catch-up program.
1938. Heterosubtypic protective immunity against influenza A virus induced by fusion peptide of the hemagglutinin in comparison to ectodomain of M2 protein.
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- Immunized mice were challenged with the lethal DOSE of homologous (H3N2) or heterologous A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) influenza A viruses
- Survival rate decreased when infectious DOSE was raised to 2 LD50
1939. [Measles vaccination].
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- So, the objective of the French Plan for elimination of measles and congenital rubella is to reach at least a 95% vaccination coverage for the first DOSE and 80% for the second DOSE
- The immunization recommendations should be strictly respected: first DOSE of MMR vaccine at 12 months and second DOSE within the second year of life
1940. Graft-versus-host disease is the major determinant of humoral responses to the AS03-adjuvanted influenza A/09/H1N1 vaccine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
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- Controls received one DOSE and patients 2 DOSEs of the AS03-adjuvanted influenza H1N1/A/09 vaccine at a 3-week interval
- After 2 DOSEs, patients (n=57, 92.3%) achieved similar seroprotection rates (84% vs
- 340, P=0.88) as controls (n=131, 93.9%) after one DOSE
- In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2 DOSEs of an adjuvanted influenza vaccine elicited comparable responses to a single DOSE in healthy individuals
1941. Intradermal vaccination to protect against yellow fever and influenza.
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- The intradermal vaccination route of yellow fever and influenza vaccines has received renewed attention, because it allows DOSE reduction without loss of efficacy
1942. Neonatal immunization: where do we stand?
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- Recent neonatal acellular pertussis and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine trials have proven that a birth DOSE of acellular pertussis and/or pneumococcal vaccine, in limited samples sizes, are well tolerated and immunogenic; however they have identified vaccine interference as a critical issue to address
1943. Oral vaccines for preventing cholera.
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- Protective efficacy was lower in children aged less than 5 years; 38% (95% CI 20% to 53%) compared to older children and adults; 66% (95% CI 57% to 73%).One trial of a killed whole cell vaccine amongst military recruits demonstrated 86% protective efficacy (95% CI 37% to 97%) in a small epidemic occurring within 4 weeks of the 2-DOSE schedule (one trial, 1426 participants)
1944. Efficacy study and field application of an inactivated new type gosling viral enteritis virus vaccine for domestic geese.
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- The offspring of the vaccinated birds were challenged with virulent NGVEV (100 50% lethal DOSE) and the protective efficacy of the vaccines was determined
1945. Plague in Guinea pigs and its prevention by subunit vaccines.
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- The mean lethal DOSE (MLD) for pneumonic plague in guinea pigs was estimated to be 1000 colony-forming units
1946. [Heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunogenicity and safety in Japanese infants: primary and booster immunization results].
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- Among the subjects include in the immunogenicity analysis after primary immunization (3 DOSEs), the percentage with IgG antibody levels of at least 0.5 g/mL--a primary endpoint of this study--was 94.6% or higher
- In the same cohort after the booster immunization (DOSE 4), the percentage was 96.0% or higher
1947. Novel blocking human IgG directed against the pentapeptide repeat motifs of Neisseria meningitidis Lip/H.8 and Laz lipoproteins.
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1948. Generation of two auxotrophic genes knock-out Edwardsiella tarda and assessment of its potential as a combined vaccine in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).
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- tarda was decreased, which was demonstrated by approximately 10⁶ fold increase of LD₅₀ DOSE compared to wild-type E
- tarda at DOSEs of 10⁶-10⁷ CFU/fish showed significantly higher serum agglutination activities against formalin-killed E
1949. Modelling immunization strategies with cytomegalovirus vaccine candidates.
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- Thus, the best vaccination strategy is a combined schedule: before age 1 year plus a second DOSE at 10-11 years
1950. A lentiviral vector pseudotype suitable for vaccine development.
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- An approximately 50-fold higher DOSE of RRV-LV than VSV-G-LV was required to generate a similar T cell response
- The higher DOSE of RRV-LV required for vaccine efficacy compared to VSV-G-LV will partly be offset by ease of production.
1951. Results from a dose-response study using 3,3'-diindolylmethane in the K14-HPV16 transgenic mouse model: cervical histology.
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- The objective of this study is to identify the minimum effective DOSE of diindolylmethane that prevents the progression from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma in situ
- We document cervical histology in K14-HPV16 mice receiving different DOSEs of diindolylmethane
- Five DOSEs (0-2,500 ppm) of diindolylmethane were incorporated into each mouse diet
1952. Estimates of pandemic influenza vaccine effectiveness in Europe, 2009-2010: results of Influenza Monitoring Vaccine Effectiveness in Europe (I-MOVE) multicentre case-control study.
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- A valid vaccination corresponded to >14 days between receiving a DOSE of vaccine and symptom onset
1953. Human rotavirus vaccine is highly efficacious when coadministered with routine expanded program of immunization vaccines including oral poliovirus vaccine in Latin America.
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- Healthy infants (N = 6568) 6 to 12 weeks of age received 2 DOSEs of RIX4414 vaccine or placebo following a 0, 1- to 2-month schedule
- Vaccine efficacy (VE) against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by circulating wild-type rotavirus from 2 weeks post-DOSE 2 until 1 year of age was calculated with 95% confidence interval [CI]
- Antirotavirus IgA seropositivity rate at 1 to 2 months post-DOSE 2 was 61.4% (95% CI: 53.7-68.6) in the RIX4414 group; similar seroprotection rates (≥96.0%) against the 3 antipoliovirus types was observed 1 month post-DOSE 3 of OPV in both groups
1954. Emergence of human rotavirus genotype G9 in metropolitan Detroit between 2007 and 2009.
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- Immunization data showed that only 17/238 (7.1 %) children received ≥one DOSE of RV vaccine (the pentavalent vaccine RotaTeq or the monovalent vaccine Rotarix) and that 10/17 were infected with G4P[8] strains
1955. Evaluation of Lassa antiviral compound ST-193 in a guinea pig model.
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- Four groups of strain 13 guinea pigs were administered 25 or 80 mg/kg ST-193, 25 mg/kg of ribavirin, or the vehicle by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route before infection with a lethal DOSE of LASV, strain Josiah, and continuing once daily for 14 days
1956. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant, genetically engineered, live-attenuated vaccine against canine blastomycosis.
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- In the beagles, escalating DOSEs of live vaccine ranging from 2 × 10⁴ to 2 × 10⁷ yeast cells given subcutaneously were safe and did not disseminate to the lung or induce systemic illness, but a DOSE of < 2 × 10⁶ yeast cells induced less fever and local inflammation
- A vaccine DOSE of 10⁵ yeast cells was also well tolerated in vaccinated foxhounds who had never had blastomycosis; however, vaccinated dogs with prior infection had more local reactions at the vaccine site
1957. Effect of repeat dose of BCG vaccination on humoral response in mice model.
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- Keeping these in view the present study has been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of BCG and the effect of repeat DOSE of BCG on antimycobacterial humoral response in mouse model
- Mice induced with a repeat DOSE of BCG showed an increased anti mycobacterial humoral response, which gradually declined few weeks after single DOSE of BCG administration
- The results suggest improved efficacy of BCG vaccine by giving repeat DOSE of BCG that can enhance the level of immunoprotection against tuberculosis as opposed to a single BCG DOSE.
1958. Evaluation of vaccination strategies during pandemic outbreaks.
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- Here, we incorporate these factors into a vaccination model to investigate and compare the effectiveness of the single-DOSE and two-DOSE vaccine strategies
- The results show that, if vaccination starts early enough after the onset of the outbreak, a two-DOSE strategy can lead to a greater reduction in the total number of infections
- This, however, requires the second DOSE of vaccine to confer a substantially higher protection compared to that induced by the first DOSE
- For a sufficiently long delay in start of vaccination, the single-DOSE strategy outperforms the two-DOSE vaccination program regardless of its protection efficacy
- The findings suggest that the population-wide benefits of a single-DOSE strategy could in general be greater than the two-DOSE vaccination program, in particular when the second DOSE offers marginal increase in the protection induced by the first DOSE.
1959. Fetal protection in heifers vaccinated with a modified-live virus vaccine containing bovine viral diarrhea virus subtypes 1a and 2a and exposed during gestation to cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 1b.
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- 1 DOSE of a BVDV1a and 2a MLV vaccine administered SC or IM prior to breeding helped protect against fetal infection in pregnant heifers exposed to cattle PI with BVDV1b.
1960. Peptide-loaded Langerhans cells, despite increased IL15 secretion and T-cell activation in vitro, elicit antitumor T-cell responses comparable to peptide-loaded monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vivo.
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- When supplemented by low-DOSE IL15, instead of IL2, moDCs stimulate 5 to 6 logs more tumor antigen-specific effector memory T cells (T(EMRA)) over 3 to 4 weeks in vitro
1961. Development and immunogenicity of recombinant GapA(+) Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine strain ts-11 expressing infectious bronchitis virus-S1 glycoprotein and chicken interleukin-6.
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- The efficacy of this vaccine is highly DOSE dependent and the flock antibody response is weak
1962. Comparative efficacy of commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) vaccines in pigs experimentally infected with M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2.
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- The single DOSE schedule for M
1963. Immunogenicity and efficacy in hemodialysis patients of an AS03(A)-adjuvanted vaccine for 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1): a nonrandomized trial.
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- 291 hemodialysis patients from 3 dialysis units co-operating with the Department of Nephrology at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany: 169 patients were vaccinated using either 1 (64 patients) or 2 DOSEs (105 patients); 123 patients refused the vaccination and served as controls
- Intramuscular immunization with 3.75 μg of an inactivated split-virion A/California/7/2009 H1N1v pandemic vaccine adjuvanted with AS03(A) in a single- or double-DOSE regimen
- Logistic regression analysis confirmed vaccination DOSE as an independent factor for response to pandemic H1N1 vaccination
- Nonrandomized assignment; use of nontreated patients as controls; no comparison to nonadjuvanted vaccines; DOSE variation in the intervention group
1964. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lacking hfq gene confers protective immunity against murine typhoid.
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- Moreover, protection was induced upon both multiple as well as single DOSE of immunizations
1965. Partially randomized, non-blinded trial of DNA and MVA therapeutic vaccines based on hepatitis B virus surface protein for chronic HBV infection.
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- Finally, 12 eAg(-) and 12 eAg(+) subjects were enrolled into higher-DOSE treatment groups
- HBeAg was lost in one participant in the higher-DOSE group
1966. Human monoclonal antibodies to sialyl-Lewis (CA19.9) with potent CDC, ADCC, and antitumor activity.
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- Treatment during the first 21 days with four DOSEs of r5B1 (100 μg per DOSE) doubled the median survival time to 207 days, and three of five animals survived with six DOSEs
1967. A combination HIV vaccine based on Tat and Env proteins was immunogenic and protected macaques from mucosal SHIV challenge in a pilot study.
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- Here a pilot study assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an HIV/AIDS vaccine based on the combination of Tat and EnvΔV2 proteins in cynomolgus macaques against homologous intrarectal challenge with 35 MID(50) (monkey infectious DOSE 50) of an R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV(SF162P4cy))
1968. Efficacy of seasonal live attenuated influenza vaccine against virus replication and transmission of a pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus in ferrets.
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- Here, ferrets received one or two DOSEs of the US licensed 2008-2009 live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) intranasally
- The impact of single-DOSE LAIV inoculation on 2009 H1N1 disease and virus transmission was also measured in vaccinated ferrets that were challenged with pandemic A/Netherlands/1132/09 virus
- Although a single DOSE of LAIV reduced virus shedding and the frequency of transmission following homologous seasonal virus challenge, it failed to reduce respiratory droplet transmission of 2009 H1N1 virus
1969. Strategies for improving the efficacy of a H6 subtype avian influenza DNA vaccine in chickens.
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- The profile of H6 hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies induced by different DOSEs of pCAG-HAk during the 8-week study period was similar
- The HI titer rose significantly in the three different DOSE groups following the booster and reached a plateau 2-3 weeks post-booster
- In a single DOSE vaccination group with 100 μg pCAG-HAk, a maximum seroconversion rate reached 53.3% at 5 weeks post-vaccination
1970. Fasciola hepatica: comparative effects of host resistance and parasite intra-specific interactions on size and reproductive histology in flukes from rats infected with isolates differing in triclabendazole sensitivity.
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- Fluke size was positively related to testis score for both isolates, and a significant negative relationship was found between percentage success of infection and metacercarial DOSE
1971. Maternal immunity against avian influenza H5N1 in chickens: limited protection and interference with vaccine efficacy.
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- In most progeny chickens with maternal immunity, high virus titres (>10(4) median embryo infective DOSE) were present in the trachea during the first 4 days after H5N1 infection
1972. Low-dose paclitaxel enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of GM-CSF surface-modified whole-tumor-cell vaccine in mouse model of prostate cancer.
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1973. Randomized study of intradermal compared to intramuscular hepatitis B vaccination in HIV-infected children without severe immunosuppression.
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- HIV-infected children aged 1-18 years with CD4%≥15% or 200 cells/mm(3) who had negative HBs Ag, antiHBs, and antiHBc were randomized to receive 3-DOSE of HBV via i.d
- (2 μg/DOSE) or i.m
- (10 μg/DOSE) route at months 0, 2, and 6
- 64% had completed 3-DOSEs HBV during infancy
1974. Change in hepatitis A epidemiology after vaccinating high risk children in Taiwan, 1995-2008.
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- First DOSE vaccine coverage was 78.8% in 1994-2005 birth cohort
1975. Recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) and Ad35 vaccine vectors bypass immunity to Ad5 and protect nonhuman primates against ebolavirus challenge.
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- Adenovirus serotype C vectors, such as Ad serotype 5 (Ad5), expressing Ebolavirus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP), protect completely after a single inoculation at a DOSE of 10(10) viral particles
1976. Long-term control of simian immunodeficiency virus mac251 viremia to undetectable levels in half of infected female rhesus macaques nasally vaccinated with simian immunodeficiency virus DNA/recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara.
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- All vaccinated animals, except one, became infected after intravaginal SIV(mac251) low-DOSE challenge
1977. Serological response of guinea pigs to oily and aqueous inactivated vaccines containing a Brazilian isolate of the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV).
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- Groups A, B and E received two DOSEs, and Groups C and D, three, every 21 days
- Most animals, 42 days following the first DOSE, seroconverted to both strains and, after the second DOSE, there was a significant increase of titers in all groups
1978. Intussusception following rotavirus vaccine administration: post-marketing surveillance in the National Immunization Program in Australia.
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- Expected cases within the post-vaccination windows were calculated by applying rates of intussusception from national hospitalisation data over 6 years (mid-2000 to mid-2006), by age and state, to numbers vaccinated (by DOSE) according to the Australian Childhood Immunization Register
- Combining exposure windows associated with all DOSEs of rotavirus vaccine from 1 to 9 months of age, there was no evidence of an increased risk of intussusception following vaccination for either vaccine
- However, in infants 1 to <3 months of age, there was suggestive evidence of excess intussusception cases 1-7 and 1-21 days following DOSE 1 (1-7 days: RotaTeq(®) relative risk (RR)=5.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1,15.4; Rotarix(®) RR 3.5, 95% CI 0.7,10.1; 1-21 days: RotaTeq(®) RR 3.5, 95% CI 1.3, 7.6; Rotarix(®)RR 1.5, 95% CI 0.4, 3.9)
- Although we found no overall increase in intussusception following receipt of rotavirus vaccine, there was some evidence of an elevated risk following the first DOSE of both vaccines
1979. Efficacy of vaccination strategies against intranasal challenge with Brucella abortus in BALB/c mice.
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- We employed strains RB51 and RB51SOD to assess the efficacy of route, DOSE, and prime-boost strategies against strain 2308 challenge
1980. Immune responses and protection of Aotus monkeys immunized with irradiated Plasmodium vivax sporozoites.
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- vivax sporozoites; control groups received either 10 DOSEs of uninfected salivary gland extract or no inoculations
- Intravenous challenge with viable sporozoites resulted in partial protection in a DOSE-dependent manner
1981. Plasmodium vivax sporozoite production in Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes for vaccine clinical trials.
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- Procedures to infect volunteers took a 2-hour period including verification of inoculum DOSE
1982. Phase I safety and immunogenicity trial of Plasmodium vivax CS derived long synthetic peptides adjuvanted with montanide ISA 720 or montanide ISA 51.
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- Forty healthy malaria-naive volunteers were allocated to five experimental groups (A-E): four groups (A-D) were immunized intramuscularly with 50 and 100 μg/DOSE injections of a mixture of N, R, and C peptides formulated in the two different adjuvants at 0, 2, and 4 months and one group was administered placebo
1983. New vaccines for Japanese encephalitis.
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- Cost, efficacy, and safety concerns led to the development of a single-DOSE live attenuated virus vaccine (SA14-14-2) and more recently, to the licensure in the United States, Europe, and Australia of a purified inactivated, tissue culture-based JE vaccine (IC51; Intercell AG, Vienna, Austria) and the soon-to-be-licensed live-attenuated yellow fever-JE chimeric vaccine (ChimeriVax-JE; Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France)
1984. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a psoralen-inactivated dengue-1 virus vaccine candidate in Aotus nancymaae monkeys.
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- Two groups of 7 Aotus nancymaae monkeys received either 10ng per DOSE of inactivated DENV1 plus alum adjuvant or alum alone (controls)
- DOSEs were injected intradermally on days 0, 14, and 28
1985. The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization project by Bangkok Metropolitan in Thai infants.
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- Ninety-seven infants received four DOSEs of PCV7
- Three primary DOSEs were given 2 months apart starting at the age of 2-6 months and the booster DOSE at the age of 12-15 months
- None of the vaccinees developed IPD during the 1-year period following the first PCV7 DOSE
- Primary immunization followed by a booster DOSE of PCV7 appeared safe and efficactive in preventing IPD in Thai children.
1986. Sudden unexpected deaths and vaccinations during the first two years of life in Italy: a case series study.
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- The increased risk was limited to the first DOSE (RR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.1 to 4.4), whereas no increase was observed for the second and third DOSEs combined
- The limited increase in RRs found in Italy appears confined to the first DOSE and may be partly explained by a residual uncontrolled confounding effect of age.
1987. Effects of Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide on immune response of rabbit haemorrhagic disease tissue inactivated vaccine and on production performance of Rex rabbits.
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- Varied DOSEs of Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide (TPPPS) and Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) extracted by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation method were added to the vaccine in order to prepare polysaccharide-rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) tissue inactivated vaccine
- Results suggested that any DOSE of TPPPS can enhance immunologic function and production performance of rabbits, and the amount of 400mg per rabbit has the most obvious efficacy
1988. The effect of high-dose vitamin A supplementation at birth on measles incidence during the first 12 months of life in boys and girls: an unplanned study within a randomised trial.
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1989. Projected impact and cost-effectiveness of a rotavirus vaccination program in India, 2008.
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- Vaccination would be cost-saving at the GAVI Alliance price of $0.15 per DOSE
- At $1.00 per DOSE, a vaccination program would cost $49.8 million, which would result in an expenditure of $21.41 per DALY averted or $662.94 per life saved
- Even at $7.00 per DOSE, vaccination would be highly cost-effective
1990. Human papillomavirus vaccine initiation among adolescent girls in high-risk communities.
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- Overall, 23% reported their daughter had received ≥ 1 DOSE of HPV vaccine
1991. Successful respiratory immunization with dry powder live-attenuated measles virus vaccine in rhesus macaques.
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- Because measles vaccine is delivered by injection, hurdles to high coverage include the need for trained medical personnel and a cold chain, waste of vaccine in multiDOSE vials and risks associated with needle use and disposal
- We developed a novel single unit DOSE, dry powder live-attenuated measles vaccine (MVDP) for respiratory delivery without reconstitution
- We tested the immunogenicity and protective efficacy in rhesus macaques of one DOSE of MVDP delivered either with a mask or directly intranasal with two dry powder inhalers, PuffHaler and BD Solovent
1992. Immunization of female BALB/c mice with Neospora cyclophilin and/or NcSRS2 elicits specific antibody response and prevents against challenge infection by Neospora caninum.
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- twice over a 2-week interval with vaccines containing either NcCyP (20 μg/DOSE) alone, NcSRS2 (20 μg/DOSE) alone, NcCyP plus NcSRS2, or non-recombinant bacterial antigen (NR) in 2 separate trials
1993. Modelling the impact of a combined varicella and zoster vaccination programme on the epidemiology of varicella zoster virus in England.
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- The current study also looks at two-DOSE varicella childhood programmes, and assesses the combined impact of varicella vaccination in childhood and zoster vaccination of the elderly
- The results suggest that a two-DOSE schedule is likely to reduce the incidence of varicella to very low levels, provided first DOSE coverage is around 90% and second DOSE coverage is in excess of 70%
- Single DOSE varicella vaccination programmes are expected to result in large numbers of breakthrough cases
- Childhood vaccination at intermediate levels of coverage (70% and 60% for first and second DOSE coverage respectively) is expected to lead to an increase in adult varicella
1994. Inactivated influenza vaccines: recent progress and implications for the elderly.
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- Besides adjuvants, several other strategies have been assessed to enhance antibody response in the elderly and other less responsive subjects, such as high-DOSE antigen vaccines, carrier systems (liposomes/virosomes) and the intradermal route of immunization
- Observational studies or comparisons between adjuvanted, intradermal or high-DOSE versus conventional vaccines are needed to evaluate whether the greater immunogenicity observed in a number of recent studies is correlated with greater protection against influenza and influenza-related complications and death.
1995. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in dogs of an MF59™-adjuvanted vaccine against recombinant canine/porcine coronavirus.
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- Five 10-week-old beagle pups were administered (three weeks apart) two vaccine DOSEs, whereas two animals served as unvaccinated controls
- The vaccine was shown to be safe as no local neither systemic reactions were observed after first and second DOSE administration
1996. Vaccination against hepatitis B among prisoners in Iran: accelerated vs. classic vaccination.
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- Antibody against Hepatitis-B surface-antigen (anti-HBs) was assessed at baseline, one, two, six and eight months after the first vaccine DOSE using immunoenzymatic assays
1997. Safety and tolerability of bivalent HPV vaccine: an Italian post-licensure study.
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- Every participant in the study completed a questionnaire after each DOSE of vaccine received, with a view to recording adverse events during the first 7 days after vaccination
- In all, 7,107 questionnaires were collected: 3,064 after the first DOSE, 2,367 after the second and 1,676 after the third
- Pain was reported more frequently after the first DOSE than after the others, while all the other local and general symptoms were reported most frequently after the third DOSE
1998. A nonlethal young domesticated ferret (Mustela putorius furo) model for studying pandemic influenza virus A/California/04/2009 (H1N1).
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- The current study was conducted to establish a virus challenge DOSE for a subsequent CA/04 vaccine efficacy study in 3-mo-old domesticated ferrets
- An additional consideration in using CA/04 in ferrets is the selection of endpoints on which to base the challenge DOSE, given the potential nonlethality of this particular model
- Four DOSEs ranging from 10(4) to 10(7) TCID(50) units of CA/04 per animal were administered by intranasal instillation to groups of male and female ferrets, and virus titers in nasal washes obtained 1, 3, and 5 d thereafter were determined in MDCK cells
- DOSEd ferrets developed clinically mild infections
- Peak virus titers occurred on day 3 after instillation regardless of DOSE
- In conclusion, 3-mo-old ferrets can be infected with DOSEs as low as 10(4) TCID(50) units of CA/04, and virus titers in nasal washes and decreased body weight gain can be used to assess the course of nonlethal infection of 3-mo-old ferrets by CA/04.
1999. Virulence evolution in response to anti-infection resistance: toxic food plants can select for virulent parasites of monarch butterflies.
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- Here, we develop a theoretical model to show that anti-infection resistance can in fact select for higher virulence when such resistance reduces the effective parasite DOSE that enters a host
- We carried out an experiment and showed that this environmental resistance is most likely a form of anti-infection resistance, through which toxic food plants reduce the effective DOSE of parasites that initiates an infection
- Our model shows that when the effective infectious DOSE is reduced, parasites can compensate by evolving a higher per-parasite growth rate, and consequently a higher intrinsic virulence
- Our results also suggest that - for parasites where the infectious DOSE affects the within-host dynamics - vaccines that reduce the effective infectious DOSE can select for increased parasite virulence.
2000. Evaluation of humoral response and protective efficacy of two inactivated vaccines against bluetongue virus after vaccination of goats.
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- Three groups of 10 goats each (groups A, B and C) were randomly constituted and 2 groups (A and C) were subcutaneously vaccinated twice with one DOSE of the two commercial vaccines BTVPUR ALSAP 8 (group A) or BOVILIS BTV8 (group C) respectively
2001. Evaluation of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine in a vaccinated Nigerian population.
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- After having obtained informed consent and ethical clearance, 2 mL of blood were aseptically collected from each participant aged ≤50 years, one month after the first, second and third DOSEs of the vaccine
- A total of 144 subjects participated in the first-DOSE group, nine (6.3%) of whom developed protective antibody titre (8.3% of males and 4.2% of females)
- Of the 121 participants in the second-DOSE group, 108 (89.3%) developed protective antibody titre (98.3% of males and 80.3% of females), while of the 111 participants in the third-DOSE group, 100% protectively sero-converted
- Males were more likely to develop protective antibody titre than females after the second DOSE (P < 0.05)
- This data provides additional evidence for the efficacy of Shanvac-B rDNA hepatitis B vaccine and the need to adhere to the recommended three-DOSE schedule to achieve full and lasting sero-protection among Nigerians.
2002. Acellular vaccines for preventing whooping cough in children.
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- Most systemic and local adverse events were significantly less common with acellular than with whole-cell pertussis vaccines for the primary series as well as for the booster DOSE
- Multi-component acellular pertussis vaccines are effective, and show less adverse effects than whole-cell pertussis vaccines for the primary series as well as for booster DOSEs.
2003. Properties and therapeutic efficacy of broadly reactive chimeric and humanized H5-specific monoclonal antibodies against H5N1 influenza viruses.
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- These antibodies retained broad-spectrum reactivity to H5N1 viruses, binding to recombinant H5-subtype HA1 molecules expressed in CHO cells in a DOSE-dependent manner and exhibiting similar reactivities against antigenically distinct H5N1 viruses in hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays
2004. Regulatory and policy issues for T1DM immunotherapy.
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- Important secondary endpoints include glycemic control, total daily insulin DOSE, and hypoglycemia rates
2005. Factors associated with seroconversion after standard dose hepatitis B vaccination and high-dose revaccination among HIV-infected patients.
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- We sought to determine rates of seroconversion among HIV-infected patients receiving the hepatitis B vaccine and for non-responders who received high-DOSE revaccination
- Patients received either a series of Engerix-B (20 mcg) or Twinrix (standard DOSE vaccine [SDV])
- A subset of non-responders received a higher 40 mcg DOSE series of Engerix-B (high-DOSE revaccination [HDR])
- Factors associated with response to SDV included younger age (odds ratio [OR]/1 year=0.97, P=.03), higher CD4 at first DOSE (OR/100 CD4=1.13, P=.02), and receipt of Twinrix versus Engerix-B (OR=2.3, P=.003)
- Higher CD4 at first DOSE was also associated with response to HDR (OR/100 CD4=2.0, P=.02)
2006. Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine and exploratory analysis on anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres and protection in children aged 5-17 months in Kenya and Tanzania: a randomised controlled trial.
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- Computer-generated block randomisation was used to randomly assign participants (1:1) to receive three DOSEs (at month 0, 1, and 2) of either RTS,S/AS01E or human diploid-cell rabies vaccine
- At 12 months after the third DOSE, anti-circumsporozoite antibody titre data were available for 390 children in the RTS,S/AS01E group and 391 in the rabies group
- These titres at 1 month after the third DOSE were not associated with protection, but titres at 6·5 months were
2007. A chemically defined production process for highly attenuated poxviruses.
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- Disadvantages include that very high numbers of infectious units are required per DOSE for full efficacy
2008. Longevity of the protective immune response induced after vaccination with one or two doses of AS03A-adjuvanted split H5N1 vaccine in ferrets.
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- In this study we investigated the magnitude and persistence of the protective efficacy induced by one or two DOSEs (3.75 μg HA/DOSE) of AS03(A)-adjuvanted H5N1 A/Indonesia/5/05 split vaccine in a lethal ferret challenge model
- All ferrets that received at least one DOSE of adjuvanted vaccine 4 weeks before homologous challenge survived and showed reduced or undetectable virus replication in the lungs and the upper airways
- Ferrets receiving two DOSEs of adjuvanted vaccine 19 and 16 weeks before the challenge also showed high level of protection from replication in the lungs and the upper airways, albeit with only 83% survival
- Animals in the control groups (non-adjuvanted vaccine or saline) and animals immunized with one DOSE of adjuvanted vaccine administered 10 or 16 weeks before challenge showed only 17-33% survival rate after challenge
- In conclusion, our observations support the possibility that a single DOSE of AS03(A)-adjuvanted H5N1 split vaccine can offer a rapid and short term but partial protection against disease
- A second DOSE of the adjuvanted vaccine, which can be given with a flexible injection schedule, was shown to be essential to induce appreciable levels of antibodies and long-term protection.
2009. Protective efficacy of H5 inactivated vaccines in meat turkey poults after challenge with Egyptian variant highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus.
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- In conclusion, single vaccination at seven days old is inadequate for protection of meat turkeys against variant HPAI H5N1 challenge and multi-DOSE vaccination at older age is recommended
2010. [Prevention of topic toxicity of BCG with single-dose prulifloxacin. Preliminary results of a randomized pilot study].
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- A prospective pilot trial was designed to evaluate the adoption of a single DOSE of prulifloxacin to prevent the toxicity of BCG
- The patients were randomized to receive BCG alone (Arm A: 132 instillations in 22 patients) versus BCG plus prulifloxacin given as a single oral DOSE (600 mg) 6 hours after the instillation
2011. Treatment of disseminated mycobacterial infection with high-dose IFN-γ in a patient with IL-12Rβ1 deficiency.
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- IFN-γ has been used in the treatment of IL-12Rβ1 deficiency patients with disseminated BCG infection (BCGosis), but the optimal DOSE to reach efficacy is not clear
- IFNγ was started at a DOSE of 50 μg/m² 3 times per week
- The DOSE was upgraded to 100 mcg/m² after 3 months, then to 200 mcg/m² 6 months afterwards
- There was no clinical response to IFN-γ with 50 or 100 μg/m² DOSEs
- However, there was some response to the 200 μg/m² DOSE with no additional adverse effects
- Lymphocytes proliferation in response to PHA was significantly higher after 3 months of using the highest DOSE as compared to the lowest DOSE
- We conclude that in a patient with IL-12Rβ1 deficiency, IFN-γ at a DOSE of 200 μg/m², but not at lower dosages, was found to have a noticeable clinical effect with no additional adverse effects.
2012. Reduction in rotavirus-associated acute gastroenteritis following introduction of rotavirus vaccine into Australia's National Childhood vaccine schedule.
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- Due to purchasing arrangements, individual states and territories chose either a 2-DOSE RV1 (Rotarix, GSK) regimen or 3-DOSE RV5 (Rotateq, Merck/CSL) regimen
- : Rotavirus vaccine coverage in Australia is high, with 87% of infants receiving at least 1 DOSE
2013. A nasally administered trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine is well tolerated, stimulates both mucosal and systemic immunity, and potentially protects against influenza illness.
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- Compared to placebo, statistically significant increases in mean serum haemagglutinin inhibition reciprocal titers and salivary secretory IgA to all 3 antigens were seen on day 28 for both vaccine DOSE groups
- In participants receiving all DOSEs of either vaccine regimen the incidence of culture-confirmed influenza with respiratory symptoms and with or without fever was 0.77% (7/904) vs
2014. One dose of a porcine circovirus 2 subunit vaccine induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity and protects against porcine circovirus-associated disease under field conditions.
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- This study investigated the efficacy of a one-DOSE porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) subunit vaccine based on the PCV2 Cap protein expressed in a baculovirus system on two different farms at which a history of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVD) was present
- At inclusion (weaning at 21 ± 3 days of age), 408 animals (group B) received a 2-mL intramuscular DOSE of Porcilis PCV(®) (vaccinated group)
- A beneficial effect was found after vaccination with a single DOSE of a PCV2 Cap vaccine against PCVD
2015. Hepatitis: Hepatitis E vaccination--is HEV 239 the breakthrough?
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2016. An augmented probit model for missing predictable covariates in quantal bioassay with small sample size.
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- In some experiments, a validation set may be used where both direct and proxy measures of the DOSE are available on a subset of animals with the proxy being available on all
2017. A randomised, partially observer blind, multicentre, head-to-head comparison of a two-dose regimen of Baxter and GlaxoSmithKline H1N1 pandemic vaccines, administered 21 days apart.
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- To evaluate the immunogenicity of a two-DOSE schedule of Baxter cell-cultured, non-adjuvanted, whole-virion H1N1 vaccine, and GlaxoSmithKline AS03(A)-adjuvanted split-virion H1N1 vaccine with respect to the EU Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensing criteria
- One hundred and seventy-five randomised subjects were allocated AS03(A)-adjuvanted split H1N1 vaccine; one hundred and sixty-nine subjects had a second DOSE of the same vaccine 21 days later
- One hundred and seventy-two subjects were allocated WV vaccine; one hundred and seventy-one subjects had a second DOSE of the same vaccine 21 days later
- Both vaccine DOSEs were given in 340 subjects (98%)
- Among the 298 (85.9%) subjects without baseline antibody on HI assay, a titre of ≥ 1 : 40 (seroprotection) was achieved after a single DOSE of AS03(A)-adjuvanted vaccine and WV vaccine by day 21 in 93.0% and 65.5%, respectively, of subjects between 18 and 44 years, 76.4% and 36.1% of subjects between 45 and 64 years, and 53.1% and 30.0% of subjects ≥ 65 years
- Among all 347 subjects, a titre of ≥ 1 : 40 was achieved after a single DOSE of AS03(A)-adjuvanted vaccine and WV vaccine by day 21 in 94.0% and 71.4%, respectively, of subjects between 18 and 44 years, 77.3% and 38.8% of subjects between 45 and 64 years, and 51.4% and 32.4% of subjects ≥ 65 years
- On day 42, among subjects without baseline antibody on HI assay, a titre of ≥ 1 : 40 was achieved after the second DOSE of AS03(A)-adjuvanted vaccine and WV vaccine by 100% and 67.9%, respectively, of subjects between 18 and 44 years, 89.3% and 41% of subjects between 45 and 64 years, and 76.5% and 34.5% of subjects ≥ 65 years
- Among all 347 subjects, a titre of ≥ 1 : 40 was achieved on day 42 after the second DOSE of AS03(A)-adjuvanted vaccine and WV vaccine in 100% and 73.1%, respectively, of subjects between 18 and 44 years, 90.8% and 43.9% of subjects between 45 and 64 years, and 75.7% and 36.4% of subjects ≥ 65 years
- Age-related decline in antibody response occurred after both DOSEs of both vaccines
- The most frequent solicited local event was pain, reported by 28% and 76% of subjects after either DOSE of WV or adjuvanted vaccine, respectively (OR 7.71, 95% CI 4.48 to 13.24, p < 0.0001)
- The most common systemic event was myalgia, reported by 24% and 49% of subjects after either DOSE of WV or adjuvanted vaccine (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.86 to 4.80, p < 0.0001)
2018. Childhood vaccination in informal urban settlements in Nairobi, Kenya: who gets vaccinated?
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- Up-to-date (UTD) coverage with all vaccinations at 12 months was 41.3% and 51.8% with and without the birth DOSE of OPV, respectively
2019. [What's new in dermatological treatments?].
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- Cutaneous inflammatory diseases are still dominated by dual therapies in psoriasis, with, notably, an effectiveness trial on etanercept at different DOSEs not showing a difference in efficacy depending on DOSE for the joint component of psoriasis, but also by the publication of a direct comparison of two dual therapies, ustekinumab versus etanercept
2020. Rotarix in Japan: Expectations and Concerns.
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- While postlicensure studies detected a small and finite risk of intussusception associated with the administration of Rotarix, the authors conclude that Rotarix is safe to administer to infants between 6-12 weeks of age for the first DOSE and by 24 weeks of age for the second DOSE
- However, the authors strongly discourage the delayed administration of the first DOSE between 13-20 weeks of age, which is allowed without any warning
2021. [Efficacy of enterocin S760 in treatment of mice with anthrax infection due to Bacillus anthracis M-71].
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- Intraperitoneal four-, two- or one-fold administration of the peptide in a DOSE of 25 mg/kg for 10 days for prophylactic (1 hour after the contamination) and therapeutic (24 hours after the contamination) purposes prevented or cured the infection in 90-100% of the mice versus the 100-percent lethality in the control (untreated animals)
2022. Immunogenicity and tolerability of an inactivated and adjuvanted pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine, in HIV-1-infected patients.
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- We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a single DOSE of the split virion AS03-adjuvanted pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine (A/California/7/2009) in 84 HIV-1 infected individuals
2023. Early post-transplant vaccination with pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in pediatric heart transplant recipients.
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- Four patients younger than two yr received two DOSEs of vaccine and one patient older than seven yr received one DOSE
2024. A subunit vaccine based on biodegradable microspheres carrying rHsp65 protein and KLK protects BALB/c mice against tuberculosis infection.
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- This study evaluated the efficacy of a single DOSE subunit vaccine based on recombinant Hsp65 protein against infection with M
- Mice vaccinated with a single DOSE of Hsp65-microspheres or Hsp65+CpG-microspheres developed both humoral and cellular-specific immune responses
2025. A Phase I study of an intravesically administered immunotoxin targeting EpCAM for the treatment of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer in BCGrefractory and BCG-intolerant patients.
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- A Phase I DOSE-escalation study was performed to determine the maximum tolerated DOSE (MTD) of the immunotoxin VB4-845 in patients with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) refractory to or intolerant of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)
- Treatment was administered in ascending DOSE cohorts ranging from 0.1 to 30.16 mg
- An MTD was not determined, as a DOSE-limiting toxicity was not identified over the DOSE range tested
- VB4-845 DOSEd on a weekly basis for 6 weeks was very well tolerated at all DOSE levels
- Although an MTD was not determined at the DOSEs administered, VB4-845 showed evidence of an antitumor effect that warrants further clinical investigation for the treatment of NMIBC in this patient population.
2026. Induction of cellular immune responses in patients with stage-I multiple myeloma after vaccination with autologous idiotype-pulsed dendritic cells.
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- Mature monocyte-derived Id-pulsed DCs and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were administered at DOSE levels between 2 and 20×10⁶ cells
2027. Phase 1 trial of Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) peptide vaccine and gemcitabine combination therapy in patients with advanced pancreatic or biliary tract cancer.
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- An open-labeled, DOSE-escalation phase 1 trial of Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) vaccine and gemcitabine (GEM) combination therapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer or biliary tract cancer was performed
- The primary end point was evaluation of toxicity, safety, and optimal immunologic DOSE of vaccine
- Six DOSEs of GEM and 4 DOSEs of WT1 peptide (1 or 3 mg) emulsified in Montanide adjuvant were administered over 2 months
2028. Induction of CD8+ T-cell responses against novel glioma-associated antigen peptides and clinical activity by vaccinations with {alpha}-type 1 polarized dendritic cells and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized by lysine and carboxymethylcellulose in patients with recurrent malignant glioma.
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- Twenty-two patients (13 with glioblastoma multiforme [GBM], five with anaplastic astrocytoma [AA], three with anaplastic oligodendroglioma [AO], and one with anaplastic oligoastrocytoma [AOA]) received at least one vaccination, and 19 patients received at least four vaccinations at two αDC1 DOSE levels (1 × or 3 × 10(7)/DOSE) at 2-week intervals intranodally
2029. Vaccination of patients with mild and severe asthma with a 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus vaccine.
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- In patients with mild-to-moderate asthma (n = 217), the 2009 H1N1 vaccine provided equal seroprotection 21 days after the first immunization at the 15-μg (90.6%; 95% CI, 83.5% to 95.4%) and 30-μg (95.3%; 95% CI, 89.4% to 98.5%) DOSEs
- In patients with severe asthma (n = 173), seroprotection 21 days after the first immunization was 77.9% (95% CI, 67.7% to 86.1%) and 94.1% (95% CI, 86.8% to 98.1%) at the 15- and 30-μg DOSEs, respectively (P = .004)
- Participants with severe asthma who are older than 60 years showed the lowest seroprotection (44.4% at day 21) with the 15-μg DOSE but had adequate seroprotection with 30 μg
- The 2 DOSE groups did not differ in seroconversion rates
- In patients older than 60 years with severe asthma, a 30-μg DOSE might be more appropriate.
2030. The effect of rotavirus immunization on rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalization rates in military dependents.
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- Vaccine efficacy against hospitalization was 86.0% (95% CI, 77.7-91.3) after just a single DOSE
2031. Intranasal immunization with influenza VLPs incorporating membrane-anchored flagellin induces strong heterosubtypic protection.
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- All mice immunized with flagellin-containing VLPs survived challenge with a high lethal DOSE of homologous virus as well as a high DOSE heterosubtypic virus challenge (40 LD(50) of A/Philippines/82, H3N2)
2032. Safety of the malaria vaccine candidate, RTS,S/AS01E in 5 to 17 month old Kenyan and Tanzanian Children.
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- Three DOSEs of study or control (rabies) vaccines were administered intramuscularly at 1 month intervals
- Serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded throughout the study period which lasted for 14 months after DOSE 1 in Korogwe, Tanzania and an average of 18 months post-DOSE 1 in Kilifi, Kenya
- Blood samples for safety monitoring of haematological, renal and hepatic functions were taken at baseline, 3, 10 and 14 months after DOSE 1
- Fever was the most frequently observed solicited AE and was recorded after 11% of RTS,S/AS01(E) DOSEs compared to 31% of DOSEs of rabies vaccine
2033. Quantification of the relationship between bacterial kinetics and host response for monkeys exposed to aerosolized Francisella tularensis.
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- In this study, a class of time-DOSE-response models was expanded to describe quantitatively the relationship between the temporal probability distribution of the host response and the in vivo bacterial kinetics
- An extensive literature search was conducted to locate both the DOSE-dependent survival data and the in vivo bacterial count data of monkeys exposed to aerosolized F
- The candidate models exhibited statistically acceptable fits to the time- and DOSE-dependent host response and provided estimates for the bacterial growth distribution
2034. Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in developing countries: safety and health care resource utilization.
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- A total of 1804 Jamaican infants, 6 to 12 weeks of age at entry and primarily from low/middle-income families of African heritage, received ≥1 DOSE
- During the first year after DOSE 1, there were 2 and 11 hospitalizations or emergency department visits attributable to rotavirus gastroenteritis involving any serotype among 831 evaluable vaccine recipients and 809 evaluable placebo recipients, respectively (rate reduction: 82.2% [95% confidence interval: 15.1%-98.0%])
- In the per-protocol analysis, all 8 G1 to G4 rotavirus-attributable events that occurred ≥2 weeks after DOSE 3 were in the placebo group (rate reduction: 100% [95% confidence interval: 40.9%-100%])
- Of the 1802 subjects included in the safety analyses, intussusception was confirmed for 1 vaccine recipient (115 days after the third DOSE) and 3 placebo recipients
2035. Effects of stresroak as an immunomodulator on birds vaccinated with newcastle disease vaccine.
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2036. FMD subunit vaccine produced using a silkworm-baculovirus expression system: protective efficacy against two type Asia1 isolates in cattle.
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- Cattle vaccinated with a single DOSE of subunit vaccine containing the capsid and 3C proteinase coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) Asia I/HNK/CHA/05 strain were protected when challenged 28 days later with a homologous virus
- Here, the 50% bovine protective DOSE (PD(50)) test was performed to assess the potency of the subunit vaccine
- When challenged with two Chinese isolates, the subunit vaccine could achieve 6.5 PD(50) (challenged with Asia I/HNK/CHA/05 strain) and 5.2 PD(50) (challenged with Asia I/JSL/05 strain) per DOSE.
2037. Naloxone and alum synergistically augment adjuvant activities of each other in a mouse vaccine model of Salmonella typhimurium infection.
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2038. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
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- Maintenance BCG is required in order to achieve the best therapeutic results; however, the optimal DOSE, induction and maintenance schedules, and duration of treatment are unknown and might be different for each patient
2039. Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma: current treatment strategies and novel immunological approaches.
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- High-DOSE chemotherapy with the support of autologous transplantation does not improve outcome
2040. [Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of pertactin recombinants against Bordetella bronchiseptica challenge].
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- Mice, immunized subcutaneously with two DOSEs of the purified proteins mixed with an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant,produced robust PRN-specific IgG antibody levels
- When challenged, 6 of 9 mice in GST-2PR I group and all 9 mice in the other groups survived intranasal challenge with three times the 50% lethal DOSE (LD50) of virulent Bb HH0809
2041. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease--revised guidelines from CDC, 2010.
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- The key changes in the 2010 guidelines include the following: • expanded recommendations on laboratory methods for the identification of GBS, • clarification of the colony-count threshold required for reporting GBS detected in the urine of pregnant women, • updated algorithms for GBS screening and intrapartum chemoprophylaxis for women with preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes, • a change in the recommended DOSE of penicillin-G for chemoprophylaxis, • updated prophylaxis regimens for women with penicillin allergy, and • a revised algorithm for management of newborns with respect to risk for early-onset GBS disease
2042. [Urinary bladder tuberculosis and bacillus calmette-guérin instillation: reduced efficacy of bisoprolol in hypertension].
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- It is well known that half the DOSE of bisoprolol undergoes oxidative metabolism in the liver and the rest eliminated unchanged in the kidney
2043. Antiviral activity of Engystol® and Gripp-Heel®: an in-vitro assessment.
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- Interferon (IFN) release, triggered by virus infection, is an important factor in establishing an antiviral state, where IFN activation occurs prior to the onset of the adaptive immune response.The two ultra-low-DOSE combination medications, Engystol® and Gripp-Heel®, have documented efficacy for the treatment of the respiratory infections
2044. Quantifying child mortality reductions related to measles vaccination.
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- Covariates included birth rate, death rates from other causes, percent living in urban areas, population density, per-capita GDP, use of the two-DOSE MCV, year, and mortality coding system
2045. Safety, immunogenicity and duration of protection of the RTS,S/AS02(D) malaria vaccine: one year follow-up of a randomized controlled phase I/IIb trial.
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- The geometric mean titers of anti-circumsporozoite antibodies declined from 199.9 to 7.3 EU/mL from one to 12 months post DOSE three of RTS,S/AS02(D), remaining 15-fold higher than in the control group
2046. Measles-mumps-rubella revaccination; 18 months vs. 4-6 years of age: potential impacts of schedule changes.
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- The policy of administering the second DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine (MMR(2)) has recently changed in Iran, at age 1.5 years instead of 4-6 years previously
2047. Influence of adjuvant and antigen dose on protection induced by an inactivated whole vaccine against Neospora caninum infection in mice.
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- In this study, the protection afforded by a Neospora caninum inactivated vaccine formulated with three different adjuvants (water-in-oil emulsion, aluminum hydroxide with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and aluminum hydroxide with ginseng extract) and three different parasite DOSEs (10(5), 5 × 10(5) or 10(6) inactivated whole tachyzoites) was evaluated using a mouse model
- On the other hand, a DOSE-effect was observed in groups vaccinated with aluminum hydroxide-ginseng extract in which the lesion severity increased as the inactivated tachyzoite DOSE
- This study demonstrates that efficacy can significantly vary depending on the adjuvant, the DOSE of antigen and the phase of N
2048. Protective efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccination against seasonal and pandemic influenza virus infection during 2009 in Hong Kong.
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- One child 6-15 years of age from each of 119 households was randomized to receive 1 DOSE of inactivated trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (TIV) or saline placebo in November 2008
2049. Efficacy of a modified live Flavobacterium columnare vaccine in fish.
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- Similarly, a vaccination/challenge trial using largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fry at 10 DPH was performed using various DOSEs of licensed product under laboratory conditions
- Results demonstrated safety of the vaccine and significant protection following challenge with RPS values between 74-94%, depending on vaccine DOSE
2050. Pathogenicity of different rabies virus isolates and protection test in vaccinated mice.
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- Mice receiving two DOSEs of the vaccine and challenged by the IC route with the isolates were fully protected
- Mice receiving only one DOSE of vaccine were partially protected against the dog isolate
2051. Immune response induced by ppGpp-defective Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum in chickens.
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- Chickens immunized with the mutants (1×10(8) CFU) were 80% protected against oral challenge with 1×10(9) wild-type virulent bacteria (4,000-fold LD(50) DOSE), similar to the level of protection achieved by 9R immunization
2052. Spotlight on pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq) in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Europe.
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- RotaTeq is a three-DOSE, orally administered, live, pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine used for the active immunization of infants for prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis
- Clinical trial data from REST (a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational study in ≈70 000 healthy infants aged 6-12 weeks) and various subgroup analyses, including a large European cohort, have shown that RotaTeq may be administered at the same time as various other routine vaccines, has high and sustained efficacy covering the main period of risk for rotavirus gastroenteritis, has early protective efficacy after the first and second DOSEs, reduces rotavirus gastroenteritis-associated hospitalization and emergency department and physician visits, and is generally well tolerated
2053. Cynomolgus macaque model for pneumonic plague.
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- The objective of this study was to determine the inhaled median lethal DOSE (LD₅₀), evaluate the pathophysiology of disease and identify appropriate study endpoints in a cynomolgus macaque (CM) model of pneumonic plague
2054. Comparison of immunological responses of plague vaccines F1+rV270 and EV76 in Chinese-origin rhesus macaque, Macaca mulatta.
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- There was no significant antibody titre difference between SV1 and SV2, suggesting that the immune response may have been saturated at the DOSE level of SV1
2055. Biopharmaceuticals and monoclonal antibodies in oncology trials--a cross-sectional analysis.
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- This is in part addressed by clinical trials that evaluate the toxicology, DOSE response and efficacy of the molecules
2056. Vaccination with a modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 1a vaccine completely protected calves against challenge with BVDV type 1b strains.
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- In current studies, calves were vaccinated subcutaneously, intradermally or intranasally with a single DOSE of a multivalent, modified-live viral vaccine containing a BVDV-1a strain, and were challenged with differing BVDV-1b strains to determine the efficacy and duration of immunity of the vaccine against these heterologous virus strains
2057. A single immunization near birth elicits immediate and lifelong protective immunity.
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- Most existing vaccines do not induce protective immunity immediately following birth, nor do they retain protective efficacy in the latter years of life without booster DOSEs
- This is the first direct evidence that vaccination--even in the absence of a booster DOSE--is capable of inducing immediate and lifelong protective immune memory regardless of age at the time of initial vaccination.
2058. Role of nonhuman primates in the evaluation of candidate AIDS vaccines: an industry perspective.
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- When evaluated in models using low virus DOSE challenges that better approximate human sexual exposure to HIV - some vaccine and passive NAb interventions appear to protect against acquisition of infection
- The apparent vaccine efficacy observed using low virus DOSE challenge models provides an opportunity to investigate the correlates of protection.
2059. A phase I study of a tropism-modified conditionally replicative adenovirus for recurrent malignant gynecologic diseases.
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- To determine the maximum tolerated DOSE (MTD), toxicity spectrum, clinical activity, and biological effects of the tropism-modified, infectivity-enhanced conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd), Ad5-Δ24-Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), in patients with malignant gynecologic diseases
- Vector DOSEs ranged from 1 × 10(9) to 1 × 10(12) viral particles per day
- The maximum tolerated DOSE was not reached
2060. An open-label, randomized clinical trial assessing immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 MF59-adjuvanted vaccine administered sequentially or simultaneously with seasonal virosomal-adjuvanted influenza vaccine to paediatric kidney transplant recipients.
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2061. Repeated vaccination is required to optimize seroprotection against H1N1 in the immunocompromised host.
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- Patients received two injections of vaccine 21 days apart and the controls received one DOSE
- Antibody titers were measured using a hemagglutination-inhibition assay on days 0, 21 and 49 after injection of the first DOSE
- After a second DOSE, seroprotection rates increased to 68%, (P=0.008), 73%, (P=0.031), and 95% (P=0.5) in patients with B-cell malignancies, after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and with chronic myeloid leukemia, respectively
- These data demonstrate the efficacy of H1N1 vaccine in most patients with hematologic malignancies and support the recommendation for the administration of two DOSEs of vaccine in immunocompromised patients
2062. Influenza and meningococcal vaccinations are effective in healthy subjects treated with the interleukin-1 beta-blocking antibody canakinumab: results of an open-label, parallel group, randomized, single-center study.
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- At baseline, antibody (Ab) titers were measured and subjects were randomized (1:1) to a single 300-mg canakinumab DOSE administered subcutaneously (s.c.) or received no treatment (control group)
- We concluded that a single DOSE of 300 mg canakinumab s.c
2063. The magnitude of local immunity in the lungs of mice induced by live attenuated influenza vaccines is determined by local viral replication and induction of cytokines.
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- A qualitative analysis of immune responses induced by a single DOSE of an H5N1 LAIV revealed that the vaccine induced robust systemic and mucosal immunity in mice
2064. Letter to the editor. Spotlight on measles 2010: timely administration of the first dose of measles vaccine in the context of an ongoing measles outbreak in France.
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2065. Lassa virus-like particles displaying all major immunological determinants as a vaccine candidate for Lassa hemorrhagic fever.
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- Therefore, the development of a robust vaccine platform that could be generated in sufficient quantities and at a low cost per DOSE could herald a subcontinent-wide vaccination program
2066. Ipilimumab efficacy and safety in patients with advanced melanoma: a retrospective analysis of HLA subtype from four trials.
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- In this retrospective analysis, pooled efficacy and safety data are presented according to HLA-A*0201 status and DOSE from pretreated patients randomized to 0.3, 3, or 10 mg/kg ipilimumab in four phase II trials
- Median overall survival (OS) was similar for the 187 HLA-A*0201-positive [9.3 months, 95% CI (confidence interval) 7.4-11.5] and 266 HLA-A*0201-negative patients [11.4 months, 95% CI 9.3-15.1] randomized to ipilimumab at all DOSEs across the four phase II trials
2067. Hepatitis B virus infection and related factors in hemodialysis patients in China - systematic review and meta-analysis.
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- Large DOSEs of HBV vaccine (80 μg/DOSE) increased the seroconversion rate
- Large DOSEs and intradermal injection of HBV vaccine were recommended to prevent HBV infection in HD patients
2068. Biodistribution, persistence and lack of integration of a multigene HIV vaccine delivered by needle-free intradermal injection and electroporation.
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- Here, we demonstrate the safety and lack of integration after immunization with a high DOSE of a multigene HIV-1 vaccine delivered intradermally using the needle free device Biojector 2000 together with electroporation using Derma Vax™ DNA Vaccine Skin Delivery System
2069. Recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing P12A and 3C of FMDV can partially protect piglets against FMDV challenge.
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- Subsequently, each piglet was challenged with 1000 ID(50) (50% infection DOSE) FMDV serotype O, named OR/80, which is used to produce vaccine in China
2070. Influenza antigen-sparing by immune stimulation with Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles.
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- These results indicate that the use of GEM as immunostimulant allows for a strong reduction in the antigen DOSE as compared to the benchmark vaccine by using GEM particles
2071. MyD88 signaling is indispensable for primary influenza A virus infection but dispensable for secondary infection.
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- We found that MyD88(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) TRIF(-/-) mice were more susceptible to primary influenza virus infection than the B6 mice but were fully protected against homologous (H1N1) and heterosubtypic (H5N2) secondary infection when primed with a nonlethal DOSE of PR8 virus
2072. Endemic diphtheria in Ho Chi Minh City; Viet Nam: a matched case-control study to identify risk factors of incidence.
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- Estimated vaccine efficacy of three or more DPT/DT DOSEs was 88%
- Immunising children with zero-DOSE status of diphtheria toxoid inoculation, rather than the introduction of booster DOSEs, and the promotion of skin hygiene were considered to be the priority interventions in controlling the endemic diphtheria in HCMC.
2073. Development and evaluation of a formalin-inactivated West Nile Virus vaccine (WN-VAX) for a human vaccine candidate.
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- WN-VAX also protected 100% of 4-week-old mice against a lethal challenge from the WNV-NY99 strain after two DOSEs of intraperitoneal inoculation-even when the vaccine was diluted to 3.2ng/DOSE
2074. Dynamic model of rotavirus transmission and the impact of rotavirus vaccination in Kyrgyzstan.
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- A 10% reduction in vaccine efficacy due to incomplete 3-DOSE regimen is estimated to increase the numbers of severe cases by 6-8%
2075. A new approach to estimate vaccine efficacy based on immunogenicity data applied to influenza vaccines administered by the intradermal or intramuscular routes.
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2076. Measles in the United States during the postelimination era.
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- From 2001 through 2008, national 1-DOSE MMR vaccine coverage among children 19-35 months of age ranged from 91% to 93%
2077. Planning a Bayesian early-phase phase I/II study for human vaccines in HER2 carcinomas.
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- In this study, prior distribution elicited from a physician's opinion on the available DOSE levels planned for a vaccination DOSE-finding trial, with human DNA in patients with HER2-positive tumours in terms of toxicity and therapeutic response is presented and discussed
- the recommended DOSE level at the end of the trial.
2078. [Urinary bladder tuberculosis and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation: reduced efficacy of bisoprolol in hypertension].
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- It is well known that half the DOSE of bisoprolol undergoes oxidative metabolism in the liver and the rest eliminated unchanged in the kidney
2079. Immunogenicity and efficacy of oral vaccines in developing countries: lessons from a live cholera vaccine.
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2080. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice and hamsters of a β-propiolactone inactivated whole virus SARS-CoV vaccine.
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- We evaluated the effect of vaccine DOSE and each adjuvant on immunogenicity and efficacy in mice, and the effect of vaccine DOSE with or without the AS01(B) adjuvant on the immunogenicity and efficacy in hamsters
- A single DOSE of vaccine with or without adjuvant was poorly immunogenic in mice; a second DOSE resulted in a significant boost in antibody levels, even in the absence of adjuvant
- Two DOSEs of WI-SARS with and without Adjuvant Systems were highly efficacious in mice
- In hamsters, two DOSEs of WI-SARS with and without AS01(B) were immunogenic, and two DOSEs of 2 μg of WI-SARS with and without the adjuvant provided complete protection from early challenge
- Although antibody titers had declined in all groups of vaccinated hamsters 18 wk after the second DOSE, the vaccinated hamsters were still partially protected from wild-type virus challenge
2081. Pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (13-valent, adsorbed) [prevenar 13®].
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- In randomized, comparator-controlled, phase III trials in healthy infants aged 2-6 months, PCV13 elicited a strong immune response against all 13 pneumococcal serotypes in terms of the proportion of vaccinees achieving reference antibody levels with a two- or three-DOSE primary vaccination series
- A booster DOSE of PCV13 administered between 11 and 15 months of age generally boosted the immune response against all 13 serotypes, regardless of whether infants had previously received PCV13 or PCV7 during the primary vaccination phase
- PCV13 was generally well tolerated, with an adverse event profile similar to that of PCV7 after any vaccine DOSE.
2082. Cross-protection against influenza virus infection by intranasal administration of M1-based vaccine with chitosan as an adjuvant.
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- Three weeks after the second immunization, the mice were challenged with a lethal DOSE (5×LD(50)) of A/Chicken/Jiangsu/7/2002 (H9N2) virus, PR8 (H1N1) virus and A/Chicken/Henan/12/2004 (H5N1) virus
2083. Development of Sanofi Pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine.
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- TV dengue vaccine reactogenicity, viraemia induction and antibody responses were investigated in three Phase I trials in the USA, the Philippines and Mexico, in a two or three-DOSE regimen over a 12 month period
- ϕSeropositivity [≥10 in a PRNT 50 assay] was 100% for all four serotypes in flavivirus-naive adults injected with 3 DOSEs of TV dengue vaccine in the USA
2084. The current state of recombinant allergens for immunotherapy.
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- One study applied a mixture of five Phleum pratense major allergens in a maximum DOSE of 40mcg protein
2085. Superior efficacy of tumor cell vaccines grown in physiologic oxygen.
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2086. Improved protection against avian influenza H5N1 virus by a single vaccination with virus-like particles in skin using microneedles.
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- In contrast, intramuscular injection with the same vaccine DOSE showed low levels of antibodies and provided only partial protection accompanied by severe body weight loss
2087. Protective immune responses induced by in ovo immunization with recombinant adenoviruses expressing spike (S1) glycoprotein of infectious bronchitis virus fused/co-administered with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor.
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- It indicated that the single DOSE in ovo vaccination of the GM-CSF fused or co-administered with S1 of IBV could enhance significantly the humoral, cellular immune responses and provide complete protection against nephropathogenic IBV challenge
2088. The development of persistent duck hepatitis B virus infection can be prevented using antiviral therapy combined with DNA or recombinant fowlpoxvirus vaccines.
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- The current study aimed to simplify the vaccination strategy and to test the post-exposure efficacy of combination therapy with the Bristol-Myers Squibb antiviral drug, entecavir (ETV) and either a single DOSE of DHBV DNA vaccines on day 0 post-infection (p.i.) or a single DOSE of recombinant fowlpoxvirus (rFPV-DHBV) vaccines on day 7 p.i
- Whilst untreated control ducks infected with an equal DOSE of DHBV all developed persistent and wide spread DHBV infection of the liver, ducks treated with ETV combined with either the DHBV DNA vaccines on day 0 p.i
2089. Efficacy of a single dose hepatitis B depot vaccine.
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- A single DOSE formulation of a novel hepatitis B vaccine, consisting of an adjuvant emulsion of liposomes in oil was produced at a manufacturing scale and delivered to rabbits
- This single DOSE vaccine generated a significantly higher antibody response than two DOSEs of an alum-adjuvanted control vaccine in the short term, and was as effective as three DOSEs of the control vaccine in the long term.
2090. First-in-human clinical trials with vaccines--what regulators want.
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2091. Efficacy of an inactivated, recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) vaccine.
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- The vaccine was prepared from a virus suspension containing a pre-inactivation antigenic mass equivalent to 10(7.69) TCID(50)/DOSE
- A specific serological response, revealed by the development of neutralizing antibodies, was detected in all vaccinated animals after the first DOSE of vaccine, whereas control animals remained seronegative
- It is concluded that the inactivated vaccine prepared with the BoHV-5 gI/gE/US9(-) recombinant was capable of conferring protection to encephalitis when vaccinated cattle were challenged with a large infectious DOSE of the parental wild type BoHV-5
2092. Flu season's almost here: Are you ready?
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- This year, a single vaccine includes the 2009 H1N1 and 2 other strains and most of your patients will need only 1 DOSE
2093. Pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of a respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor in the cotton rat model.
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- TMC353121 reduced the viral titers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a DOSE-dependent manner after a single subcutaneous administration and intranasal RSV inoculation 24 h after compound administration
2094. Pertussis outbreak in northwest Ireland, January - June 2010.
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- Epidemiological investigations suggest that waning immunity and the absence of a booster DOSE during the second year of life could have contributed to the outbreak
2095. Micro-simulation of a smallpox outbreak using official register data.
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- In terms of per DOSE effectiveness, ring vaccination was by far the most effective strategy
2096. Assessment of epithelial cells' immune and inflammatory response to Staphylococcus aureus when exposed to a macrolide.
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2097. Alternative way to test the efficacy of swine FMD vaccines: measurement of pigs median infected dose (PID50) and regulation of live virus challenge dose.
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- However, it was difficult to infect control pigs even up to 100,000TCID50, so we changed the challenged virus from cell-passaged strain to suckling mice-passaged one, measured its PID50 (pigs median infected DOSE) and defined the virus challenge DOSE as 1000PID50
2098. Intradermal vs intramuscular vaccine against hepatitis B infection in dialysis patients: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.
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- We conclude that intradermal hepatitis B vaccine induces a superior response rate compared to intramuscular route at completion of vaccine cycle, despite a lower vaccine DOSE
2099. Economic evaluation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in The Gambia.
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- Sensitivity analyses that explored the implications of the uncertain key parameters showed that model outcomes were most sensitive to vaccine price per DOSE, discount rate, case-fatality rate of primary endpoint pneumonia, and vaccine efficacy against primary endpoint pneumonia
- Assuming a cost-effectiveness threshold of three times GDP per capita, all PCVs examined would be cost-effective at the tentative Advance Market Commitment (AMC) price of $3.5 per DOSE
2100. Efficacy of immunization against hepatitis B virus infection in acute leukemia.
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- The first group (n=28) received a double DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 1, 2 and 6 months and immunoglobin (HBIG) at 0 and 1 month concurrently with vaccine but at a different intramuscular site
- The second group (n=43) received double DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months
- HBsAg and anti-HBs titers were determined one month after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th DOSEs of vaccine
- In the vaccine-only group, 2.56%, 8.33%, 14.28% and 34.29% of patients developed anti-HBs titer ≥10 IU/L after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th DOSEs of vaccine, respectively
- In the HBIG group, 91.30%, 91.30%, 69.56% and 73.91% of patients developed anti-HBs titer ≥10 IU/L after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th DOSEs of vaccine, respectively
- Those in the vaccine-HBIG group maintained their anti-HBs titer ≥10 IU/L from the 1st to the 4th DOSEs
- In the vaccine-only group, 34.29% of patients gained protective antibody titer after receiving the 4th DOSE of vaccine
- The incidence of HBsAg positivity one month after the 4th DOSE of vaccine was 8.62%
2101. The reach of a hepatitis B vaccination programme among men who have sex with men.
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- Compliance with the three-DOSE vaccination schedule was 84%
2102. Safety and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in HIV-1-infected men.
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- There were no grade 3 or greater adverse events attributable to vaccination among the 109 men who received at least 1 vaccine DOSE
2103. A live attenuated H7N7 candidate vaccine virus induces neutralizing antibody that confers protection from challenge in mice, ferrets, and monkeys.
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- Intranasal (i.n.) administration of a single DOSE of the H7N7 NL/03 ca vaccine virus fully protected mice from lethal challenge with homologous and heterologous H7 viruses from Eurasian and North American lineages
- Two DOSEs of the H7N7 NL/03 ca vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies in serum and provided complete protection from pulmonary replication of homologous and heterologous wild-type H7 challenge viruses in mice and ferrets
- One DOSE of the H7N7 NL/03 ca vaccine elicited an antibody response in one of three AGMs that was completely protected from pulmonary replication of the homologous wild-type H7 challenge virus
2104. Efficacy and safety/toxicity study of recombinant vaccinia virus JX-594 in two immunocompetent animal models of glioma.
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- Additional safety/toxicity studies in nontumor-bearing rodents treated with a supratherapeutic DOSE of JX-594 demonstrated GM-CSF-dependent inflammation and necrosis
- Before proceeding to clinical trials, JX-594 should be evaluated in the brains of nonhuman primates and optimized for the viral DOSEs, delivery routes as well as the combination agents (e.g., mTOR inhibitors).
2105. Influence of particle size on the pathology and efficacy of vaccination in a murine model of inhalational anthrax.
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- Inhalation of endospores within 1 μm or 12 μm particle aerosols resulted in a median lethal DOSE of 2432 and 7656 c.f.u., respectively
2106. Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine and prevention of gastroenteritis hospitalizations in Australia.
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- We sought to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 3 DOSEs of RV5 at preventing rotavirus and nonrotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) hospitalizations in the first birth cohort and impact on hospitalizations in all age groups
- Data linkage was performed to calculate 3-DOSE VE for preventing hospitalization in the eligible age group
- RV5 coverage in the first eligible birth cohort was 89.6% for at least 1 DOSE and 73.1% for 3 DOSEs
- Three-DOSE VE for preventing nonrotavirus AGE hospitalization was 62.3% to 63.9% (any/primary diagnosis) and 89.3% to 93.9% (any/primary diagnosis) for rotavirus hospitalizations
2107. [Rubella in Poland in 2008].
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- An improvement of laboratory diagnosis of reported cases is necessary to assess the impact of 2-DOSE immunization implemented in 2003 on rubella epidemiology in Poland.
2108. Efficacy and safety of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine in healthy adults: a large-scale, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
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- Healthy adults aged 16-65 years in, Jiangsu Province, China were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive three DOSEs of HEV 239 (30 microg of purified recombinant hepatitis E antigen adsorbed to 0.8 mg aluminium hydroxide suspended in 0.5 mL buffered saline) or placebo (hepatitis B vaccine) given intramuscularly at 0, 1, and 6 months
- The primary endpoint was prevention of hepatitis E during 12 months from the 31st day after the third DOSE
- Analysis was based on participants who received all three DOSEs per protocol
- 48,693 (86%) participants in the vaccine group and 48,663 participants (86%) in the placebo group received three vaccine DOSEs and were included in the primary efficacy analysis
- During the 12 months after 30 days from receipt of the third DOSE 15 per-protocol participants in the placebo group developed hepatitis E compared with none in the vaccine group
- Vaccine efficacy after three DOSEs was 100.0% (95% CI 72.1-100.0)
2109. Smallpox vaccine with integrated IL-15 demonstrates enhanced in vivo viral clearance in immunodeficient mice and confers long term protection against a lethal monkeypox challenge in cynomolgus monkeys.
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- We now demonstrate that Wyeth/IL-15 is non-lethal to athymic nude mice when administered intravenously at a DOSE of 10(7) plaque forming units and it undergoes enhanced in vivo clearance in these immune deficient mice
- Furthermore, a majority of cynomolgus monkeys vaccinated with vaccinia viruses with integrated IL-15, when challenged 3 years later with a lethal DOSE of monkeypox virus displayed milder clinical manifestations with complete recovery supporting the utility of Wyeth/IL-15 for contemporary populations as a safer and efficacious smallpox vaccine.
2110. Longitudinal 2 years field study of conventional vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in layer hens.
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2111. A single dose of DNA vaccine based on conserved H5N1 subtype proteins provides protection against lethal H5N1 challenge in mice pre-exposed to H1N1 influenza virus.
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- In this study, we used a mouse model pre-exposed to an H1N1 influenza virus and evaluated the protective ability provided by a single DOSE of DNA vaccines encoding conserved H5N1 proteins
- Six weeks after the vaccination, the mice were challenged with a lethal DOSE of H5N1 influenza virus
- The results showed that pre-exposure to H1N1 virus could offer mice partial protection against lethal H5N1 challenge and that single-DOSE injection with NP DNA or NP + M1 DNAs provided significantly improved protection against lethal H5N1 challenge in mice pre-exposed to H1N1 virus, as compared with those in unexposed mice
2112. Needle-free vaccination in sheep.
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- Multi-DOSE vaccinators have been in use for many years to vaccinate livestock
2113. Immunological efficacy of glycoconjugates derived from Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa detoxified LPS in mice.
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- Animals were given a primary vaccination and boosted at 2-week intervals with a DOSE of 4.5 μg saccharide antigen
2114. IFN-g response to vaccination against tuberculosis in dairy heifers under commercial settings.
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- A DOSE of 106CFU of BCG was delivered SC in the neck, then blood samples were taken at days 0, 30, 120, 210, 300 and 720 to estimate IFN-g release in response to bovine-PPD antigen
2115. Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and children: rotavirus vaccine safety, efficacy, and potential impact of vaccines.
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- RV1 is a monovalent attenuated human rotavirus strain, given orally in two DOSEs
- RV5 is a pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine, given orally in three DOSEs
- A third rotavirus vaccine, LLV, is a lamb rotavirus strain given orally as a single DOSE, which is currently available only in China
2116. A chimeric protein that functions as both an anthrax dual-target antitoxin and a trivalent vaccine.
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- Mice immunized with LFn-DPA tolerated a LeTx challenge that was 5 times its 50% lethal DOSE
2117. Intracerebral vaccination suppresses the spread of rabies virus in the mouse brain.
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- To investigate the efficacy of intracerebral (IC) immunization in preventing viral spread in the brain, we immunized mice with inactivated rabies virus via the subcutaneous (SC) or IC route, followed by administration of a lethal DOSE of rabies virus (challenge virus standard strain), directly into the brains of immunized mice
2118. Protection of ferrets from infection by swine-origin 2009 A (H1N1) influenza virus by the inactivated vaccine.
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- Ferrets immunized with one DOSE (7.5 microg) of 2009 A (H1N1) inactivated vaccine were not protected from infections of either pandemic H1N1 or seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses, while ferrets immunized with two DOSEs of 2009 A (H1N1) inactivated vaccine were protected from infections of pandemic H1N1, but not seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses
2119. Long-term immunity against pertussis induced by a single nasal administration of live attenuated B. pertussis BPZE1.
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- In this study, we evaluated the long-term immunogenicity and protective efficacy induced by a single intranasal DOSE of BPZE1
2120. Oral delivery of BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro gives equivalent protection against tuberculosis but with reduced pathology compared to parenteral BCG Danish vaccination.
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- This study compared the efficacy of a single oral DOSE of wild type BCG Moreau Rio de Janeiro (RdJ), or a recombinant RdJ strain expressing Ag85B-ESAT6 fusion protein, formulated with and without lipid to enhance oral delivery, with subcutaneous BCG Danish 1331 and saline control groups in a guinea pig aerosol infection model of pulmonary tuberculosis
- Results showed that a single oral DOSE of BCG Moreau (RdJ) or recombinant BCG Moreau (RdJ)-Ag85B-ESAT6, formulated with or without lipid, gave protection equivalent to subcutaneously delivered BCG Danish in the 30 weeks post-challenge survival study
2121. Enhanced in vivo activity of cefditoren in pre-immunized mice against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (serotypes 6B, 19F and 23F) in a sepsis model.
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- In-vivo DOSE-ranging experiments with HS (dilutions 1/2-1/16) and CDN (6.25 mg/kg-100 mg/kg tid for 48 h) were performed to determine the minimal protective dilution/DOSE (highest survival) and the non-protective highest dilution/DOSE (highest mortality: HS-np dilution and CDN-np DOSE) over 7 days
- Prior to the second DOSE (8 h), median bacterial counts were significantly lower in animals surviving vs
2122. Ascaris lumbricoides: an overview of therapeutic targets.
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- However, a reduced efficacy of single DOSE drugs has been reported
2123. The cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Malawi.
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- Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline), a newly licensed rotavirus vaccine requiring 2 DOSEs, may have the potential to save hundreds of thousands of lives in Africa
- Key variables influencing results were vaccine efficacy, under-2 rotavirus mortality, and program cost of administering each DOSE
2124. Efficacy of an inactivated recombinant vaccine encoding a fimbrial protein of Pasteurella multocida B:2 against hemorrhagic septicemia in goats.
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- Therefore, the study revealed that an inactivated recombinant vaccine significantly provides significant protection against high DOSE challenge and enhances the stimulation of the local and systemic immunities.
2125. In situ vaccination with a TLR9 agonist induces systemic lymphoma regression: a phase I/II study.
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- We treated 15 patients with low-grade B-cell lymphoma using low-DOSE radiotherapy to a single tumor site and-at that same site-injected the C-G enriched, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (also referred to as CpG) TLR9 agonist PF-3512676
2126. Development and evaluation of candidate vaccine and antitoxin against botulinum neurotoxin serotype F.
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- A DOSE-response was observed in both antibody titer and protective efficacy with increasing dosage of rFHc and number of vaccinations
2127. Immune regulatory antibodies: are they the next advance?
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- Stimulatory molecules such as CD40, 41-BB, and OX-40 are also targets for antibody binding and activation, not blockade, and early DOSE ranging trials with antibodies against all 3 have shown that they can mediate regression of tumors, albeit with their own spectrum of side effects that are different from those that occur with abrogation of immune inhibition.
2128. Dose sparing enabled by skin immunization with influenza virus-like particle vaccine using microneedles.
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- The goal was to determine if skin immunization with influenza VLP vaccine using microneedles enables DOSE sparing
- We found that low-DOSE influenza (A/PR/8/34 H1N1) VLP vaccination using microneedles was more immunogenic than low-DOSE intramuscular (IM) vaccination and similarly immunogenic as high-DOSE IM vaccination in a mouse model
- With a 1μg DOSE of vaccine, both routes showed similar immune responses and protective efficacy, with microneedle vaccination being more effective in inducing recall antibody responses in lungs and antibody secreting cells in bone marrow
- With a low DOSE of vaccine (0.3μg), microneedle vaccination induced significantly superior protective immunity, which included binding and functional antibodies as well as complete protection against a high DOSE lethal infection with A/PR/8/34 virus, whereas IM immunization provided only partial (40%) protection
- Therefore, this study demonstrates that microneedle vaccination in the skin confers more effective protective immunity at a lower DOSE, thus providing vaccine DOSE-sparing effects.
2129. Efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developing countries in Asia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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- In this multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, undertaken in rural Matlab, Bangladesh, and urban and periurban Nha Trang, Vietnam, infants aged 4-12 weeks without symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive three oral DOSEs of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine 2 mL or placebo at around 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks of age, in conjunction with routine infant vaccines including oral poliovirus vaccine
- The primary endpoint was severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (Vesikari score >or=11) arising 14 days or more after the third DOSE of placebo or vaccine to end of study (March 31, 2009; around 21 months of age)
- Analysis was per protocol; infants who received scheduled DOSEs of vaccine or placebo without intervening laboratory-confirmed naturally occurring rotavirus disease earlier than 14 days after the third DOSE and had complete clinical and laboratory results were included in the analysis
- Median follow up from 14 days after the third DOSE of placebo or vaccine until final disposition was 498 days (IQR 480-575)
- 25 (2.5%) of 1017 infants assigned to receive vaccine and 20 (2.0%) of 1018 assigned to receive placebo had a serious adverse event within 14 days of any DOSE
2130. Efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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- In our multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, undertaken in rural areas of Ghana and Kenya and an urban area of Mali, we randomly assigned infants aged 4-12 weeks without symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders in a 1:1 ratio to receive three oral DOSEs of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine 2 mL or placebo at around 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks of age
- The primary endpoint was severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (Vesikari score >or=11), detected by enzyme immunoassay, arising 14 days or more after the third DOSE of placebo or vaccine to end of study (March 31, 2009; around 21 months of age)
- Analysis was per protocol; infants who received scheduled DOSEs of vaccine or placebo without intervening laboratory-confirmed naturally occurring rotavirus disease earlier than 14 days after the third DOSE and had complete clinical and laboratory results were included in the analysis
- Median follow-up in both groups was 527 days starting 14 days after the third DOSE of vaccine or placebo was given
- 42 (1.5%) of 2723 infants assigned to receive vaccine and 45 (1.7%) of 2724 infants assigned to receive placebo had a serious adverse event within 14 days of any DOSE
2131. Comparative efficacy of three commercial PCV2 vaccines in conventionally reared pigs.
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- Pigs in group A were given a second DOSE at 6 weeks of age according to the manufacturer's protocol
2132. Development of a sublingual allergy vaccine for grass pollinosis.
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- The efficacy and safety of Staloral, as demonstrated by review of published studies which used DOSEs up to 1125 times those administered with SCIT, shows that this allergen extract has optimal characteristics for treating patients with seasonal allergies due to grass pollens
2133. Heterosubtypic immunity to influenza mediated by liposome adjuvanted H5N1 recombinant protein vaccines.
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- They were readily immunogenic at a single DOSE and a recalled response could be detected within one day post booster
2134. Vaccines for preventing cholera: killed whole cell or other subunit vaccines (injected).
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- Significant protection lasted for two years, even after only a single DOSE, and for three years with an annual booster
- Protection against cholera persists for up to two years following a single DOSE of vaccine, and for three years with an annual booster
2135. Recombinant soluble, multimeric HA and NA exhibit distinctive types of protection against pandemic swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus infection in ferrets.
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- Immunization twice with 3.75-microg DOSEs of these antigens elicited strong antibody responses, which were adjuvant dependent
- Its inclusion in a vaccine is likely to reduce the HA DOSE required and to broaden the protective immunity.
2136. Low-dose mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus infection restricts early replication kinetics and transmitted virus variants in rhesus monkeys.
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- Here we show that the DOSE of the virus inoculum affects these key virologic parameters following intrarectal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus monkeys
- Low-DOSE SIV infection resulted in a lengthened eclipse phase, fewer transmitted virus variants, and decreased innate immune activation compared with these parameters in high-DOSE SIV infection
2137. Immunisation and multi-dose vials.
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- A mass immunisation campaign has commenced using a multi-DOSE vial formulation to assist rapid deployment
- However, in the past multi-DOSE vials have been associated with transmission of infective agents
- Having the vaccine in single-DOSE vials with a lesser risk of transmission of infection but increased delay in implementation and increased cost needs to be weighed against the imperative to vaccinate the population against pandemic H1N1 09 influenza virus
- This article reviews the infectious risks associated with multi-DOSE vials.
2138. Immunogenicity and efficacy of two types of West Nile virus-like particles different in size and maturation as a second-generation vaccine candidate.
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- Mice vaccinated with a low DOSE (3 ng) of F-VLPs showed higher protective efficacy (83% survivals) against WNV infection than S-VLP-immune mice (17% survivals)
2139. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ruvB mutant can confer protection against salmonellosis in mice.
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- The ruvB mutant conferred strong and durable immune-based protection against a challenge with a lethal DOSE of a virulent strain of Salmonella Typhimurium
- Moreover, protective immunity was induced by a single DOSE of the vaccine, and the efficacy of protection was maintained for at least 6 months
2140. A phase I clinical trial of dendritic cell immunotherapy in HCV-infected individuals.
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- In this phase 1 DOSE escalation study, all patients received a standard DOSE of cells by the intradermal route while sequential patients received an increased DOSE by the intravenous route
2141. Vector choice determines immunogenicity and potency of genetic vaccines against Angola Marburg virus in nonhuman primates.
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- Heterologous DNA-GP/rAd5-GP prime-boost and single-modality rAd5-GP, as well as the DNA-GP-only vaccine, prevented death in all vaccinated subjects after challenge with a lethal DOSE of MARV Angola
2142. Inhalational botulism in rhesus macaques exposed to botulinum neurotoxin complex serotypes A1 and B1.
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- A critical component for evaluating rBV A/B efficacy will be the use of animal models in which the pathophysiology and DOSE-response relationships following aerosol exposure to well-characterized BoNT are thoroughly understood and documented
- This study was designed to estimate inhaled 50% lethal DOSEs (LD(50)) and to estimate 50% lethal exposure concentrations relative to time (LCt(50)) in rhesus macaques exposed to well-characterized BoNT/A1 and BoNT/B1
- A DOSE response was demonstrated with regard to the onset of these clinical signs for both BoNT/A1 and BoNT/B1
- DOSE-related changes in physiologic parameters measured by telemetry were also observed
2143. Assessment of route of administration and dose escalation for an adenovirus-based influenza A Virus (H5N1) vaccine in chickens.
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- To further evaluate the potential of the Ad5.HA vaccine and its cost-effectiveness, studies to determine the minimal effective DOSE and optimal route of administration in chickens were performed
- A DOSE as low as 10(7) viral particles (vp) of adenovirus-based H5N1 vaccine per chicken was sufficient to generate a robust humoral immune response, which correlated with the previously reported level of protection
2144. Immune response of single dose vaccination against 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in the Taiwanese elderly.
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- This study indicated that one DOSE of 15 microg hemagglutinin antigen without adjuvant induced protective immune response in the majority of elderly
2145. Immunologic response to xenogeneic gp100 DNA in melanoma patients: comparison of particle-mediated epidermal delivery with intramuscular injection.
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- The only common toxicity was grade 1 injection site reaction in nine patients with no intergroup difference, and one DOSE-limiting toxicity of acute hypersensitivity occurred in a PMED patient with undiagnosed gold allergy
- and PMED arms, despite a significantly decreased DOSE of DNA used for PMED injection.
2146. Tumor-specific CD8+ T cells expressing interleukin-12 eradicate established cancers in lymphodepleted hosts.
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- T-cell-based immunotherapies can be effective in the treatment of large vascularized tumors, but they rely on adoptive transfer of substantial numbers ( approximately 20 million) of tumor-specific T cells administered together with vaccination and high-DOSE interleukin (IL)-2
- Importantly, transferred T cells isolated from tumors stably overproduced supraphysiologic amounts of IL-12, and the therapeutic effect of IL-12 produced within the tumor microenvironment could not be mimicked with high DOSEs of exogenously provided IL-12
2147. Effects of ustekinumab administration on primate/human antigen-recall and humoral immune response functions.
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- To evaluate the effect of IL-12/23 inhibition on immunocompetency by antigen-recall response in a preclinical multiple-DOSE toxicology study and three single-DOSE, phase 1 studies
- Patients with psoriasis or multiple sclerosis who received a single-DOSE of placebo (n = 8) or ustekinumab (n = 46) 0.09-4.5 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) or 0.27-2.7 mg/kg s.c
2148. Measles outbreak in Tanzania, 2006-2007.
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- Risk factors included being unvaccinated (aOR=5.7, p<0.01) or having received one DOSE of vaccine compared to two (aOR=2.4, p=0.01), being younger, and having a less-educated caretaker
- Vaccine effectiveness was 88% (one DOSE) and 96% (two DOSEs)
- Results highlight the importance of receiving one DOSE of measles vaccine, and the added benefit of two DOSEs.
2149. Liposomal delivery of p-ialB and p-omp25 DNA vaccines improves immunogenicity but fails to provide full protection against B. melitensis challenge.
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- The protective efficacy and immunogenicity of vaccines delivered as four DOSEs of naked DNA, a single DOSE of naked DNA or a single DOSE of DNA surface adsorbed to cationic liposomes were compared using the BALB/c murine infection model of B
- The four DOSE vaccination strategy was confirmed to be protective against B
- Under these conditions neither candidate delivered by single DOSE naked DNA or lipoplex vaccination methods was able to produce a robust protective effect
- Delivery of the p-omp25 and p-ialB DNA vaccine candidates as a lipoplex was able to enhance antibody production and effect CD4+ T cell priming, but was insufficient to promote protection from a single DOSE of either vaccine
2150. A randomized clinical trial of immunization with combined hepatitis A and B versus hepatitis B alone for hepatitis B seroprotection in hemodialysis patients.
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- However, hemodialysis patients may not develop seroprotective antibodies despite receiving high DOSEs of the vaccine
- Both groups received a total DOSE of 160 μg of hepatitis B antigen
2151. Construction of DNA vaccines encoding Eimeria acervulina cSZ-2 with chicken IL-2 and IFN-γ and their efficacy against poultry coccidiosis.
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- Chicken experiments were carried out by vaccinating chickens two times at DOSE rate of 100 μg intramuscularly
2152. Cost-effectiveness analysis of HPV vaccination alongside cervical cancer screening programme in Slovenia.
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- Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the ICER was most sensitive to the need for booster DOSE and to different values of discount rates
- In case the booster DOSE was assumed 10 years after initial vaccination, the ICER value was increased to 58,690 EUR per QALY
- However, cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination would become questionable in case a booster DOSE was needed to provide lifetime protection.
2153. Safety and immunogenicity of a Shigella flexneri 2a Invaplex 50 intranasal vaccine in adult volunteers.
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- An open-label DOSE-escalating phase 1 study evaluated a 3-DOSE (2-week intervals) regimen via nasal pipette delivery
- Thirty-two subjects were enrolled into one of four vaccine DOSE groups (10, 50, 240, or 480 microg)
- The vaccine was well tolerated with minor short-lived nasal symptoms without evidence of DOSE effect
- Antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses were elicited at DOSEs > or =50 microg with the highest IgG ASC, Invaplex 50 (100%) and S
- flexneri 2a LPS (71%), as well as, serologic responses (43%) occurring with the 240 microg DOSE
- Fecal IgA responses, Invaplex 50 (38.5%) and LPS (30.8%), were observed at DOSEs > or =240 microg
- Follow-on studies will optimize DOSE, delivery mechanism and assess efficacy in a S
2154. Mucosal priming of newborn mice with S. Typhi Ty21a expressing anthrax protective antigen (PA) followed by parenteral PA-boost induces B and T cell-mediated immunity that protects against infection bypassing maternal antibodies.
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- Newborn mice primed with a single DOSE of Ty21a(PA) exhibited high frequencies of mucosal IgA-secreting B cells and IFN-gamma-secreting T cells during the neonatal period, none of which was detected in newborns immunized with a single DOSE of PA-alum
2155. Course of seasonal influenza A/Brisbane/59/07 H1N1 infection in the ferret.
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- The immune response of the animals showed a DOSE-dependent increase with increased virus challenge, as indicated by the presence of virus specific IgG, IgM, and neutralizing antibodies
- Animals infected with higher DOSEs of virus also experienced increasing severity of clinical symptoms and fever at 2 days post-infection (DPI)
- Interestingly, weight loss was more pronounced in animals infected with lower DOSEs of virus compared to those infected with a higher DOSE; these results were consistent with viral titers of swabs collected from the nares, but not the throat
- Analysis of nasal turbinates indicated presence of virus at 3 DPI in all infected groups, whereas virus was only detected in the lungs of animals in the two highest DOSE groups
2156. Efficacy of human papillomavirus type 16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in Japanese women aged 20 to 25 years: final analysis of a phase 2 double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
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- At 24 months after the first DOSE of the vaccine, geometric mean antibody titers against HPV-16 and HPV-18 were 1521.5 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay U/mL and 627.4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay U/mL, respectively
2157. A VLP-based vaccine targeting domain III of the West Nile virus E protein protects from lethal infection in mice.
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- These antibodies were able to neutralize the virus in vitro and provided partial protection from a challenge with a lethal DOSE of WNV
2158. [Economic impact of introducing the injectable inactivated polio vaccine in Colombia].
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- From 1988 to 1998, some 22.5 million DOSEs of OVP were administered in Colombia and nine cases of VAPP were detected, for a rate of 4.0 yen 10-7 DOSE
2159. Seroprotection after hepatitis B vaccination in chronic kidney disease patients with modified schedule and dosage.
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- This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of four DOSEs of 40 microg vaccine in chronic kidney disease patients as compared to the three-DOSE 20 microg vaccine schedule given to the normal healthy population
- Of these 84 were given 20 microg vaccine (52 patients were given three DOSEs at 0, one and two months, and 32 patients were given four DOSEs at 0, one, two and six months) and 46 patients were given 40 microg vaccine (30 patients were given three DOSEs at 0, one and two months and 16 patients were given four DOSEs at 0, one, two and six months)
- Patient response was assessed by measuring antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti HBs) one month after receiving the third and fourth DOSEs each
- Of the patient who received three DOSEs of 20 microg vaccine, 57.7% showed seroprotection while 68.7% of the patients who received four DOSEs of this vaccine showed seroprotection
- In contrast, 60% of the patients who received three DOSEs of 40 microg vaccine had seroprotective antibody titers while 87.5% of the patients receiving four DOSEs of 40 microg vaccine showed seroprotection
- Seroprotection after four DOSEs of 40 microg vaccine at 0, one, two, and six months was found to be better and cost effective in chronic kidney disease patients compared to three DOSEs of 20 microg vaccine given to normal healthy individuals with adequate renal function.
2160. Attenuated Francisella asiatica iglC mutant induces protective immunity to francisellosis in tilapia.
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- In this study, the ΔiglC was tested to determine its ability to protect tilapia against challenge with high DOSEs (lethal DOSE 80) of WT bacteria
- asiatica-specific antibodies produced in response to immunization with the ΔiglC were subsequently found to protect naïve tilapia against high-DOSE F
2161. Evaluation of yellow fever virus 17D strain as a new vector for HIV-1 vaccine development.
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2162. Safety and efficacy of novel dermal and epidermal microneedle delivery systems for rabies vaccination in healthy adults.
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- This clinical evaluation in 66 healthy volunteers shows that ID delivery using BD microneedle technology of 1/4 the IM antigen DOSE is safe, efficient and reliable, resulting in a protective seroconversion rate
2163. A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CJ-50300, a newly developed cell culture-derived smallpox vaccine, in healthy volunteers.
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- A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CJ-50300, a newly developed cell culture-derived smallpox vaccine, and to determine its minimum effective DOSE
- The overall rates of cutaneous "take" reaction and humoral and cellular immunogenicity in CJ-50300 vaccinees were 100% (123/123), 99.2% (122/123), and 90.8% (109/120), respectively, and these rates did not differ significantly between the conventional-DOSE and the low-DOSE CJ-50300 (1.0x10(8) and 1.0x10(7) plaque-forming units/mL, respectively) (P>0.05 for each)
- However, one case of possible generalized vaccinia occurred in the conventionally DOSEd group [ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00607243].
2164. Study on the efficacy of Leptospira vaccines developed from serovars isolated from Trinidad and comparison with commercial vaccines using a hamster model.
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- Their estimated lethal DOSE-50 (LD(50)) were 5 and 10 organisms, respectively and clinical signs observed on infection were consistent with leptospirosis
- An unvaccinated control group of hamsters and other groups of hamsters that had been vaccinated with 3 DOSEs of (i) in-house whole-cell Copenhageni vaccine, (ii) in-house whole-cell Mankarso vaccine, (iii) commercial vaccine Brand A or (iv) commercial vaccines Brand B were challenged with 1000 times the LD(50) of the respective challenge serovar
2165. The association between intentional delay of vaccine administration and timely childhood vaccination coverage.
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- Timely vaccination was defined as administration with > or = 4 DOSEs of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis; > or = 3 DOSEs of polio vaccine; > or = 1 DOSE of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine; > or = 3 DOSEs of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; > or = 3 DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine; and > or = 1 DOSE of varicella vaccine by 19 months of age, as reported by vaccination providers
- Intentionally delayed vaccine DOSEs are not uncommon
- Children whose parents delay vaccinations may be at increased risk of not receiving all recommended vaccine DOSEs by 19 months of age and are more vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases
2166. Rotavirus infections and vaccines: burden of illness and potential impact of vaccination.
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- The two currently licensed vaccines--one a single human strain rotavirus vaccine, the other a multiple strain human-bovine pentavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine--are administered to infants in a two- or three-DOSE course, respectively, with the first DOSE given at 6-14 weeks of age
2167. Reduction in gastroenteritis with the use of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in a primary practice.
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- For 2006-2007, 2007-2008, and 2008-2009, 11.1%, 40.3%, and 45.6% of age-eligible children, respectively, received > or =1 DOSE of RV5
2168. Efficacy of double-dose hepatitis B rescue vaccination in HIV-infected patients.
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- We assessed the immunogenicity of double-DOSE (DD) hepatitis B virus revaccination in patients who had failed to respond to standard vaccination
- Of 363 patients who received three standard DOSEs (SDs) of HBVV, 126 (34.7%) responded with detectable hepatitis B surface antibody [(HBsAb) HBsAb titer of > or =10 mIU/ml] and 237 (65.3%) nonresponders (NRs) remained seronegative
- Among NRs, 61 received three to eight additional SDs of HBVV; 29 received three double DOSEs (DDs) of HBVV (40 microg/DOSE), spaced at monthly dosing intervals; and 11 received from one to five additional SD HBVV (who remained seronegative) and then received three DDs HBVV
2169. HPV vaccination: vaccine acceptance, side effects and screening intentions.
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- As part of an evaluation of the introductory campaign of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine in a Scottish health board, self-administered questionnaires were offered to all 5007 eligible girls in school following the third DOSE of HPV to identify side-effects, reasons for non-vaccination and future cervical screening intentions, and 2775 (56.2%) replied
2170. Protective immunity against H5N1 influenza virus by a single dose vaccination with virus-like particles.
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- In contrast, the recombinant H5 HA vaccine was less immunogenic and vaccination even with a 5 fold higher DOSE did not induce protective immunity
- VLP vaccines were superior to the recombinant HA in inducing T helper type 1 immune responses, hemagglutination inhibition titers, and antibody secreting cells, which significantly contribute to inducing protective immunity after a single DOSE vaccination
2171. Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination as part of the national immunization program for Thai children.
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- As part of the national immunization program, the vaccine would be cost-effective at the direct medical break-even price of USD6.2 per DOSE
- At a maximum vaccine price of USD6.2-10.5 per DOSE, the cost-effectiveness ratio is approximately USD185-759 per DALY averted
- Rotavirus vaccination could reduce gastroenteritis in children but the price, if used as part of the national immunization program should be below USD10 per DOSE.
2172. Fractionation of swine barn dust and assessment of its impact on the respiratory tract following repeated airway exposure.
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- The effects of repeated exposure to a range of DOSEs of swine barn dust (SBD) on airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation were evaluated using a mouse model system
- The association between the PC(20)MCh and DOSE of SBD suggests that a threshold of susceptibility occurs after a relatively low, chronic exposure to SBD.
2173. Safety and immunogenicity of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine in HIV-infected children 7 to 12 years old.
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- HIV-infected children (N = 126)-age > 7 to < 12 years, with a CD4% ≥ 15-and on stable antiretroviral therapy if CD4% was < 25-were blindly assigned to receive a DOSE of QHPV or placebo (3:1 ratio) at 0, 8, and 24 weeks
- Adverse events were evaluated after each DOSE
- Serum antibody against QHPV antigens was measured by a competitive Luminex immunoassay 1 month after the third QHPV DOSE
2174. Microbicides in the prevention of HIV infection: current status and future directions.
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- The conduct of clinical trials is complex for all microbicides, with limited availability of trial sites, difficulties in DOSE selection and safety monitoring, and a lack of a truly objective measure of adherence
2175. IgG antibodies mediate protective immunity of inactivated vaccine for highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses in ferrets.
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- Ferrets intramuscularly inoculated with two DOSEs of H5N1 vaccine survived the lethal challenge with homologous or heterologous H5N1 influenza viruses, while 75% and 25% of ferrets immunized with one DOSE of H5N1 vaccine survived the lethal challenge with homologous and heterologous H5N1 influenza viruses, respectively
2176. Dose-dense temozolomide regimens: antitumor activity, toxicity, and immunomodulatory effects.
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- However, extended dosing regimens (eg, 7 of 14 days, 21 of 28 days, 6 of 8 weeks, or continuously daily) allow for administration of a higher cumulative DOSE per cycle and have been shown to deplete O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, which may enhance cytotoxic activity
- This article reviews efficacy and safety data from studies that investigated DOSE-dense temozolomide regimens in patients with recurrent glioma and advanced metastatic melanoma
- The clinical benefits of these DOSE-dense regimens compared with the standard 5 of 28-day regimen have yet to be established
- Although the toxicity profile of DOSE-dense temozolomide is generally similar to that of the standard 5 of 28-day regimen, it is associated with an increased incidence and severity of lymphocytopenia
2177. Epimedium polysaccharide and propolis flavone can synergistically stimulate lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and enhance the immune responses to ND vaccine in chickens.
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- In DOSE test, 14-day-old chickens were randomly divided into five groups
- The treatment and determinations were the same as the immune test except that the chickens in experimental groups were injected, respectively, with high, medium and low DOSEs of EP-PF
- The results revealed that in medium DOSE group, the antibody titers, lymphocyte proliferation and protective rate were the highest, the morbidity and mortality were the lowest
- These results indicated that EP and PF possessed synergistically immune enhancement, EP-PF had the best efficacy, especially at medium DOSE, and would be expected to exploit into a new-type immunopotentiator.
2178. Efficacy of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, RotaTeq®, in Finnish infants up to 3 years of age: the Finnish Extension Study.
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- Overall, RV5 reduced RVGE hospitalisations and ED visits, regardless of the rotavirus serotype, by 93.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 90.8-95.9%) for up to 3.1 years following the last vaccine DOSE
2179. The 2009 A (H1N1) influenza virus pandemic: A review.
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- All were found to be safe and to elicit potentially protective antibody responses after the administration of a single DOSE of vaccine, including split inactivated vaccines with or without adjuvant, whole-virion vaccines and live-attenuated vaccines
2180. Concomitant tumor and autoantigen vaccination supports renal cell carcinoma rejection.
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- BALB/c mice were vaccinated with DC loaded with MHC class I-binding peptides of MAGE9 or G250 or tumor lysate, which sufficed for rejection of low-DOSE RENCA-MAGE9 and RENCA-G250 tumor grafts, but only retarded tumor growth at 200 times the tumor DOSE at which 100% of animals will develop a tumor
- Instead, 75-100% of mice prevaccinated concomitantly with Salmonella typhimurium transformed with GOLGA4 cDNA in a eukaryotic expression vector rejected 200 times the tumor DOSE at which 100% of animals will develop tumor
2181. Evaluation of a bovine rotavirus VP6 vaccine efficacy in the calf model of infection and disease.
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- Calves receiving one DOSE of immune colostrum within the first 6h of life, or colostrum-deprived calves were orally inoculated with virulent BRV at 2 days of age
2182. Efficacy of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Germany: An analysis using the indirect cohort method.
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- Efficacy of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination has been shown in randomized controlled trials using 4 DOSE vaccination schedules in children under 2 years of age
- A case-control study from the US showed considerable protection from IPD for reduced vaccination schedules and even some protection from only one DOSE
- Efficacy of at least one DOSE of PCV7 was estimated to be 88.3% (95% CI: 64.0-96.6)
- Estimates of efficacy for one, two, and three DOSEs in the first 7 months of life were 78.1% (3.4-96.1), 89.8% (20.6-100.0), and 94.6% (69.7-99.5) respectively
- with two DOSEs as primary series, in a setting where a high proportion of children receives vaccination delayed.
2183. Rapid heat-treatment attenuation of infectious bronchitis virus.
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- A 10x DOSE of the vaccine was found to be safe for 2-week-old broiler chicks of commercial origin
- Vaccinated birds that were challenged with 10(4.5) median embryo infectious DOSEs of pathogenic GA08 virus/bird at 28 days of age were protected from the disease, and challenge virus was only detected in the trachea of one of 21 birds by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction at 5 days post challenge
2184. Long peptide vaccination can lead to lethality through CD4+ T cell-mediated cytokine storm.
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- Our data: 1) confirm that the immune system can be very dangerous; 2) caution against the use of systemic activation of high-frequency Ag-specific T cells as induced by high DOSEs of LP; and 3) underline the benefit of targeting Ag to dendritic cells.
2185. Protective efficacy of a Classical swine fever virus C-strain deletion mutant and ability to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals.
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- We here report that a single vaccination with this vaccine virus protected pigs from a lethal challenge DOSE of the highly virulent Brescia strain
2186. Investigation on a pertussis outbreak in a military school: risk factors and approach to vaccine efficacy.
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- For pupils who benefited from at least 5 DOSEs, the VE was at 80% when the last DOSE dated from less than 6 years earlier
2187. Robustness of the healthcare utilization results from the Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (REST) evaluating the human-bovine (WC3) reassortant pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5).
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- The Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial was a placebo-controlled Phase III study that evaluated the safety and efficacy of a three-DOSE pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) including its effect on healthcare utilization for rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE)
- The per-protocol (PP) analyses, which counted events occurring 14 days after DOSE 3 among infants without protocol violations, have already been published
- The MITT analyses include all infants receiving at least one DOSE of vaccine or placebo and follow-up begins after DOSE 1
- Data on healthcare utilization for acute gastroenteritis were collected via telephone interviews after administration of the first DOSE
2188. Control of EHV-1 viremia and nasal shedding by commercial vaccines.
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- An experiment was performed to determine the protective efficacy of two commercially available vaccines used with an optimized 3-DOSE vaccination regime: a modified-live viral (MLV) and a high antigen load killed vaccine licensed for abortion control
2189. Validation of the safety of MDCK cells as a substrate for the production of a cell-derived influenza vaccine.
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- The probability of a residual cell being present in a DOSE of vaccine is approximately 1 in 10(34)
- Residual MDCK-DNA is < or =10 ng per DOSE and the ss-propiolactone used to inactivate influenza virus results in reduction of detectable DNA to less than 200 base pairs (bp)
2190. Efficacy of rHaa86, an orthologue of Bm86, against challenge infestations of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum.
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- In an attempt to develop vaccine against Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, the protective efficacy of rHaa86 was evaluated against experimental challenge infestations of homologous tick species and lethal DOSE of Theileria annulata
2191. Modelling the first dose of measles vaccination: the role of maternal immunity, demographic factors, and delivery systems.
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2192. Protective efficacy of H7 subtype avian influenza DNA vaccine.
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- To evaluate the vaccine efficacy of pCAGGoptiH7, groups of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were intramuscularly inoculated with one or two DOSEs of 100 microg, 50 microg, or 10 microg of the plasmid in 3-wk intervals
- Four weeks after the single vaccination or 2 wk after the second DOSE, all chickens were challenged with 100CLD50 (chicken lethal DOSE) of highly pathogenic RK/34
- After the single DOSE vaccination, only 90% of chickens were protected in all of the pCAGGoptiH7-immunized groups, although all of the chickens immunized generated detectable HI antibodies
- After the second DOSE of vaccination, HI antibodies increased sharply, and chickens in the 100-microg and 50-microg pCAGGoptiH7-immunized groups were completely protected from virus challenge (no disease signs, no virus shedding, and no deaths)
- Low titers of virus shedding were detected in two out of ten chickens inoculated with two DOSEs of 10-microg pCAGGoptiH7, although no disease or death was observed
2193. Protective efficacy of the H5 inactivated vaccine against different highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated in China and Vietnam.
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- In this study, groups of 3-wk-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were intramuscularly injected with one DOSE of the vaccine
2194. High level of protection induced by two fowlpox vector vaccines against a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 challenge in specific-pathogen-free chickens.
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- Four groups of 20 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were made: Groups 1 and 2 were immunized with 3 log10 tissue-culture infectious DOSE 50% (TCID50) of vFP89 and vFP2211, respectively, whereas group 3 was immunized with vFP89, but received a booster immunization at 2 wk of age with an inactivated vaccine containing A/turkey/Wisconsin/68 H5N9 virus (inH5N9); group 4 was left unvaccinated
2195. Expression of Hc fragment from Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype B in Escherichia coli and its use as a good immunogen.
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- The mice that received three subcutaneous injections of rBoNT/B-Hc immunogen DOSEs ranging from 0.25 to 6.25 μg mixed with Freund's adjuvant were completely protected against an intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 10,000 50% lethal DOSEs (LD50) of BoNT/B
- A DOSE response was observed in both the ELISA antibody titers and protective efficacy with increasing DOSE of immunogen
- The work presented here demonstrates that the purified rBoNT/B-Hc was a highly effective immunogen and able to protect against a high-DOSE neurotoxin challenge.
2196. Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq): a review of its use in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Europe.
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- RotaTeq is a three-DOSE, orally administered, live, pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine used for the active immunization of infants for prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis
- Clinical trial data from REST (a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational study in approximately 70,000 healthy infants aged 6-12 weeks) and various subgroup analyses, including a large European cohort, have shown that RotaTeq may be administered at the same time as various other routine vaccines, has high and sustained efficacy covering the main period of risk for rotavirus gastroenteritis, has early protective efficacy after the first and second DOSEs, reduces rotavirus gastroenteritis-associated hospitalization and emergency department and physician visits, and is generally well tolerated
2197. Increasing immunization coverage.
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- Data from the 2007 National Immunization Survey showed that 90% of children 19 to 35 months of age have received recommended DOSEs of each of the following vaccines: inactivated poliovirus (IPV), measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), varicella-zoster virus (VZB), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
- For diphtheria and tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine, 84.5% have received the recommended 4 DOSEs by 35 months of age
- Nevertheless, the Healthy People 2010 goal of at least 80% coverage for the full series (at least 4 DOSEs of DTaP, 3 DOSEs of IPV, 1 DOSE of MMR, 3 DOSEs of Hib, 3 DOSEs of HBV, and 1 DOSE of varicella-zoster virus vaccine) has not yet been met, and immunization coverage of adolescents continues to lag behind the goals set forth in Healthy People 2010
2198. Immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine: comparison of two different vaccination schedules.
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- A smaller proportion of children vaccinated beginning at birth with three DOSEs of HB vaccine were found to have protective titers 5-10 years after initial vaccination
- Long-term efficacy of HB vaccine depends mainly on peak antibody levels after vaccination, and subjects were observed to have lower levels of antibodies if they received the first DOSE of vaccine immediately after birth
- In total, 267 blood samples were analyzed at a mean of 14.20 +/- 2.39 months after the third vaccine DOSE
- Delaying the first DOSE of the HB vaccine until 2 months after birth produces a higher immune response and can provide longer term protection.
2199. Assessment of immune response to repeat stimulation with BCG vaccine using in vitro PBMC model.
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- In India, a single DOSE of BCG vaccine is given and there are few countries where repeated DOSEs of BCG are given
- PBMC were induced with a repeat DOSE of BCG at 24 and 72 hrs of cell culture
- We demonstrated that PBMC induced with a repeat DOSE of BCG showed an increased specific anti-mycobacterial immune responses, T cell activity, and ADA activity as compared to PBMC induced with BCG alone or without BCG induction
2200. Recommendations for the prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in infants and children: use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23).
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- This statement provides recommendations for (1) the transition from PCV7 to PCV13; (2) the routine use of PCV13 for healthy children and children with an underlying medical condition that increases the risk of IPD; (3) a supplemental DOSE of PCV13 for (a) healthy children 14 through 59 months of age who have completed the PCV7 series and (b) children 14 through 71 months of age with an underlying medical condition that increases the risk of IPD who have completed the PCV7 series; (4) "catch-up" immunization for children behind schedule; and (5) PCV13 for certain children at high risk from 6 through 18 years of age
2201. Construction of, and T-helper (Th)1/Th2 immune responses to, a herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein D-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope DNA vaccine.
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- The protection given to the mice was assayed by a fatal DOSE of virus
- Furthermore, mice were prophylactically protected from challenge with a high DOSE of HSV2
2202. Transcutaneous vaccination using a hydrogel patch induces effective immune responses to tetanus and diphtheria toxoid in hairless rat.
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- Our TCI system induced toxoid-specific IgG production in an antigen DOSE-, patch area-, and application period-dependent manner
2203. One-year vaccination against hepatitis B virus with a MPL-vaccine in liver transplant patients for HBV-related cirrhosis.
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- All received 12 vaccine DOSEs (HBsAg, 20 mcg plus MPL, 50 mcg): the initial six DOSEs (phase I) were administered within 7days after intravenous HBIg (2000IU), while the last 6 (phase II) following HBIg withdrawal
- Anti-HBs titers were determined before each DOSE and then for 1year after vaccination
2204. [Zoster vaccine].
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- The efficacy of this attenuated high-DOSE live vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled trial involving more than 38,000 immunocompetent adults aged >or= 60 years
2205. Live attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing swine interferon-alpha has antiviral activity and alleviates clinical signs induced by infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets.
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- The culture supernatants of chi8501/swIFN-alpha had antiviral activity against TGEV with 50% effective DOSE (ED(50)) of 320 per mg of supernatant protein
2206. Investigating the induction of vaccine-induced Th17 and regulatory T cells in healthy, Mycobacterium bovis BCG-immunized adults vaccinated with a new tuberculosis vaccine, MVA85A.
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2207. Intradermal vaccination with influenza virus-like particles by using microneedles induces protection superior to that with intramuscular immunization.
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- Microneedle vaccination of mice in the skin with a single DOSE of stabilized influenza VLPs induced 100% protection against challenge infection with a high lethal DOSE
- Therefore, our results indicate that HA stabilization, combined with vaccination via the skin using a vaccine formulated as a solid microneedle patch, confers protection superior to that with intramuscular injection and enables potential DOSE-sparing effects which are reflected by pronounced increases in rapid recall immune responses against influenza virus.
2208. Guillain-Barré syndrome following H1N1 immunization in a pediatric patient.
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- To report a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) following a DOSE of influenza A (H1N1) vaccine (Arepanrix)
2209. Essential role for TLR9 in prime but not prime-boost plasmid DNA vaccination to activate dendritic cells and protect from lethal viral infection.
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- Furthermore, we provide evidence that the presence of TLR9 in dendritic cells is necessary for effective and functional priming of virus-specific CD8+ T cells upon plasmid exposure in vitro or single-DOSE vaccination in vivo
- Therefore, at single or low vaccine DOSEs that are often used in human-vaccination protocols, CpG/TLR9 interactions participate in the immunogenicity of plasmid DNA
2210. Breastfeeding and risk for fever after immunization.
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- The relative risk for fever in relation to the type of breastfeeding was estimated in multivariate analyses that adjusted for vaccine DOSE, maternal education and smoking, and number of other children in the household
2211. A phase II open label trial evaluating safety and efficacy of a telomerase peptide vaccination in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
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- In this open label, single arm clinical trial, we analyzed the effect of a low DOSE cyclophosphamide treatment in combination with a telomerase peptide (GV1001) vaccination in patients with advanced HCC
- Low DOSE cyclophosphamide treatment followed by GV1001 vaccinations did not show antitumor efficacy as per tumor response and time to progression
2212. An ISCOM vaccine combined with a TLR9 agonist breaks immune evasion mediated by regulatory T cells in an orthotopic model of pancreatic carcinoma.
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- Adding low-DOSE CpG to the ISCOM vaccine reduced Treg numbers, enhanced CTL responses and induced regression of pancreatic tumors in a CD8(+) T cell-dependent manner
2213. A goat poxvirus-vectored peste-des-petits-ruminants vaccine induces long-lasting neutralization antibody to high levels in goats and sheep.
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- One DOSE of rCPV-PPRVH was enough to seroconvert 80% of immunized sheep
- A second DOSE induced significantly higher PPRV VNA titers
- More over, two DOSEs of rCPV-PPRVH could completely overcome the interference caused by pre-existing immunity to the CPV vaccine backbone in animals
2214. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the Rift Valley Fever Clone 13 vaccine in sheep.
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- In Experiment 3, 16 oestrus-synchronized ewes were vaccinated with 3 different DOSEs of the RVF Clone 13 vaccine and challenged together with unvaccinated pregnant ewes at either 30 or 50 days of pregnancy
- A vaccine DOSE-response effect was also observed.
2215. [Vaccination status in very and extremely preterm infants at the age of 2 years--a nationwide pilot analysis].
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- The preterm infants received the first 3 DOSEs of the pentavalent or hexavalent vaccines consequently (1st DOSE: 100%, 2nd DOSE: 100%, 3rd DOSE: 97.5%), whereas the booster DOSE was accomplished to a lesser extent (89.0%) during their second year of life
- Moreover, the preterm infants received the first DOSEs of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine quite consequently, but the booster DOSE was again injected less frequent
- There is still the need to improve the frequency of the booster DOSE application especially in the second year of life and to prevent delays of vaccinations.
2216. A candidate H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine elicits protective immunity in mice.
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- After verification of antigen expression, immunogenicity of the vaccine candidates were tested in a mouse model using DOSE escalations for subcutaneous immunization
- Our study emphasizes the potential of an adenoviral-based influenza vaccine platform with the benefits of speed of manufacture and efficacy of a single DOSE immunization.
2217. The immunosuppressive tumor environment is the major impediment to successful therapeutic vaccination in Neu transgenic mice.
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- Vaccination given with low-DOSE cyclophosphamide to deplete regulatory T cells delayed tumor growth but did not result in tumor regression
2218. Development of a stabilizer for lyophilization of an attenuated duck viral hepatitis vaccine.
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- The vaccine virus and each stabilizer formulation were combined and submitted to lyophilization and the viability of the virus was measured in 7-d-old specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos by determining the 50% egg lethal DOSE
2219. Ongoing mumps outbreak in a student population with high vaccination coverage, Netherlands, 2010.
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- Although outbreaks in vaccinated populations have been described before, risk factors for exposure and susceptibility, and DOSE-dependent vaccine effectiveness in a student population of this nature are relatively unknown.
2220. Mass immunisation campaign in a Roma settled community created an opportunity to estimate its size and measles vaccination uptake, Poland, 2009.
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- Vaccine uptake for the first DOSE of measles-containing vaccine was 56% (54/96) and for the second DOSE 37% (18/49)
2221. Immunisations among school leavers: is there a place for measles-mumps-rubella vaccine?
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- Of the 373 records examined prior to the local MMR catch-up initiative, 98 children (26%) had never received MMR, 173 (46.5%) had only had one DOSE, 100 (27%) had two DOSEs, and two children had three DOSEs of the vaccine
- During the school leavers' MMR immunisation, 171 (43%) received a DOSE of MMR and the number of children immunised with two DOSEs increased to 206 (55.3% versus 27% P<0.001), doubling the coverage
2222. A novel highly reproducible and lethal nonhuman primate model for orthopox virus infection.
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- The existing nonhuman primate models, using VARV and MPXV, need very high viral DOSEs that have to be applied intravenously or intratracheally to induce a lethal infection in macaques
- Infected animals died within 1-3 days after onset of symptoms, even when very low infectious viral DOSEs of 5x10(2) pfu were applied intranasally
- In vivo titration resulted in an MID(50) (minimal monkey infectious DOSE 50%) of 8.3x10(2) pfu of calpox virus which is approximately 10,000-fold lower than MPXV and VARV DOSEs applied in the macaque models
2223. A population-based evaluation of a publicly funded, school-based HPV vaccine program in British Columbia, Canada: parental factors associated with HPV vaccine receipt.
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- We report on the level of uptake of the first DOSE of the HPV vaccine, and determine parental factors associated with receipt of the HPV vaccine, in a publicly funded school-based HPV vaccine program in British Columbia, Canada
- 2,025 parents agreed to complete the survey, and 65.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 63.1-67.1) of parents in the survey reported that their daughters received the first DOSE of the HPV vaccine
2224. TC83 replicon vectored vaccine provides protection against Junin virus in guinea pigs.
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- A single DOSE of the live-attenuated alphavirus based vaccine expressing only GPC was immunogenic and provided partial protection, while a double DOSE of the same vaccine provided a complete protection against JUNV
2225. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant yellow fever vaccine against the murine malarial parasite Plasmodium yoelii.
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- A prime-boost regimen consisting of recombinant virus followed by a low-DOSE of irradiated sporozoites conferred protection against challenge with P
2226. [Case-control study on epidemiology factors of measles in Zhejiang Province in 2008].
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- To perfect the floating population management and ensure the high coverage of 2 DOSE measles vaccine in children are suggested.
2227. Use of combination measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
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- MMRV vaccine was licensed in the United States in September 2005 and may be used instead of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR, M-M-RII, Merck & Co., Inc.) and varicella vaccine (VARIVAX, Merck & Co., Inc.) to implement the recommended 2-DOSE vaccine schedule for prevention of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella among children aged 12 months-12 years
- At the time of its licensure, use of MMRV vaccine was preferred for both the first and second DOSEs over separate injections of equivalent component vaccines (MMR vaccine and varicella vaccine), which was consistent with ACIP's 2006 general recommendations on use of combination vaccines (CDC
- In February 2008, on the basis of preliminary data from two studies conducted postlicensure that suggested an increased risk for febrile seizures 5-12 days after vaccination among children aged 12-23 months who had received the first DOSE of MMRV vaccine compared with children the same age who had received the first DOSE of MMR vaccine and varicella vaccine administered as separate injections at the same visit, ACIP issued updated recommendations regarding MMRV vaccine use (CDC
- These updated recommendations expressed no preference for use of MMRV vaccine over separate injections of equivalent component vaccines for both the first and second DOSEs
- The final results of the two postlicensure studies indicated that among children aged 12--23 months, one additional febrile seizure occurred 5-12 days after vaccination per 2,300-2,600 children who had received the first DOSE of MMRV vaccine compared with children who had received the first DOSE of MMR vaccine and varicella vaccine administered as separate injections at the same visit
- Data from postlicensure studies do not suggest that children aged 4--6 years who received the second DOSE of MMRV vaccine had an increased risk for febrile seizures after vaccination compared with children the same age who received MMR vaccine and varicella vaccine administered as separate injections at the same visit
- In June 2009, after consideration of the postlicensure data and other evidence, ACIP adopted new recommendations regarding use of MMRV vaccine for the first and second DOSEs and identified a personal or family (i.e., sibling or parent) history of seizure as a precaution for use of MMRV vaccine
- For the first DOSE of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines at age 12--47 months, either MMR vaccine and varicella vaccine or MMRV vaccine may be used
- Unless the parent or caregiver expresses a preference for MMRV vaccine, CDC recommends that MMR vaccine and varicella vaccine should be administered for the first DOSE in this age group
- For the second DOSE of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines at any age (15 months-12 years) and for the first DOSE at age >or=48 months, use of MMRV vaccine generally is preferred over separate injections of its equivalent component vaccines (i.e., MMR vaccine and varicella vaccine)
2228. Sustained efficacy of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, RV5, up to 3.1 years following the last dose of vaccine.
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- In the Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (REST), the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) significantly reduced RVGE-associated hospitalizations and ED visits for up to 2 years following the last vaccine DOSE
2229. Safety of herpes zoster vaccine in the shingles prevention study: a randomized trial.
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- Single DOSE of herpes zoster vaccine or placebo
2230. Effectiveness of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against radiologically diagnosed pneumonia in indigenous infants in Australia.
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- Of the children studied, 27% had received 3 DOSEs of vaccine by 7 months of age
- Hazard ratios for endpoint pneumonia were 1.01 for 1 versus 0 DOSEs; 1.03 for 2 versus 0 DOSEs; and 0.84 for 3 versus 0 DOSEs
- There was limited evidence that PCV7 reduced the incidence of radiologically confirmed pneumonia among Northern Territory indigenous infants, although there was a non-significant trend towards an effect after receipt of the third DOSE
2231. Cellular immunity in children with successful immunoprophylactic treatment for mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus.
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- HBV core and polymerase-specific T-cell responses were detected and a low-DOSE viremia was observed in children after successful immunoprophylaxis treatment
2232. The Xs and Y of immune responses to viral vaccines.
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- An understanding and appreciation of the effect of sex and pregnancy on immune responses might change the strategies used by public health officials to start efficient vaccination programmes (optimising the timing and DOSE of the vaccine so that the maximum number of people are immunised), ensure sufficient levels of immune responses, minimise adverse effects, and allow for more efficient protection of populations that are high priority (eg, pregnant women and individuals with comorbid conditions).
2233. Identification and analysis of a CpG motif that protects turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) against bacterial challenge and enhances vaccine-induced specific immunity.
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- When administered into turbot via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, both ODN 205 and pCN5 could (i) inhibit bacterial dissemination in blood in DOSE and time dependent manners, and (ii) protect against lethal bacterial challenge
2234. Analysis of camelid antibodies for antivenom development: Neutralisation of venom-induced pathology.
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- nigricollis camel IgG antivenom was ineffective (at the maximum permitted DOSE, 100 mul) against the lethal effects of N
2235. Herpes zoster and vaccination: a clinical review.
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- A single DOSE of the vaccine is approximately $162 and is not covered by all insurance plans
2236. Multiple vaccinations and the risk of medically attended fever.
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- Higher rates of fever occurred during periods when a third DOSE of oral polio vaccine was used (1994-1995) and when a now-discontinued oral rotavirus vaccine was used (1998-1999)
2237. Immunization with pVAXhsp65 decreases inflammation and modulates immune response in experimental encephalomyelitis.
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- Female Lewis rats were immunized with 3 pVAXhsp65 DOSEs by intramuscular route
- Fifteen days after the last DNA DOSE the animals were evaluated for specific immunity or submitted to induction of EAE
2238. Evaluation of the protective efficacy of a newly identified immunogenic protein, HP0272, of Streptococcus suis.
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- The present mouse model found that the purified recombinant HP0272 could elicit a significant humoral antibody response, and to confer complete protection against a lethal DOSE of SS2 infection
2239. Evaluation of Streptococcus iniae killed bacterin and live attenuated vaccines in hybrid striped bass through injection and bath immersion.
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- saxatilis) were vaccinated through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or bath immersion and held for 800 degree-days prior to challenge with a lethal DOSE of the virulent wild-type (WT) S
2240. Age dependence of the risk of intussusception following [corrected] rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine: is it beyond doubt?
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- The relation between the risk of intussusception and age at the time of receipt of the first DOSE of rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus tetravalent vaccine (RRV-TV) has been studied extensively on the basis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) matched case-control study data, using various statistical methods, including conditional logistic regression and quadratic smoothing splines
- However, different conclusions have been reported in published analyses regarding the dependence of the risk of intussusception on age at first DOSE
- The restricted quadratic smoothing spline with appropriately chosen knot locations showed a statistically significant increased risk of intussusception associated with RRV-TV for the exposure window 3-14 days after the first DOSE at an age as young as 49 days, the youngest age in the data set at which vaccine was administered; this implies an increased risk of intussusception associated with RRV-TV at all ages studied.
2241. Efficacy of a whole inactivated EI vaccine against a recent EIV outbreak isolate and comparative detection of virus shedding.
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- Duvaxyn IE-T Plus therefore reduced clinical signs and virus shedding when ponies were challenged with A/eq2/Sydney/2888-8/07 (H3N8), 2 weeks after a second DOSE of vaccine.
2242. Development of a high-throughput rubella virus infectivity assay based on viral activation of caspases.
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- An important requisite for the manufacture and release of a safe and potent live virus vaccine is the measurement of the vaccine titer (potency), to ensure the correct DOSE and efficacy of the vaccine
2243. A randomized controlled trial of low-dose recombinant human interferons alpha-2b nasal spray to prevent acute viral respiratory infections in military recruits.
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- To assess the efficacy and safety of a low-DOSE recombinant human interferon alpha-2b (rIFNalpha-2b) nasal spray in preventing acute viral respiratory infections in military population, we performed this randomized controlled trial
2244. Efficacy of infectious bronchitis virus vaccinations in the field: association between the alpha-IBV IgM response, protection and vaccine application parameters.
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- The information included parameters such as flock size, type of chicken, housing, age of the chicken, application route, vaccine, DOSE, water quantity and temperature, ventilation and light management, combination with other vaccines and temperature of the house
2245. Evaluation of factors influencing replication of serotype 1 Marek's disease vaccines in the chicken lung.
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- In particular, the effect of vaccine efficacy, age/route of vaccination, and vaccine DOSE were examined in three experiments
- There were no statistically significant differences in the load of MDV DNA in the lung after vaccination with R2 between the two DOSEs
- Our results showed that HP vaccines tend to replicate better than LP vaccines in the lung; and vaccine replication in the lung within the first 10 days of age was affected by the age/route of inoculation (in ovo versus s.c.) but not by the DOSE of vaccine administered.
2246. Enhancement of antitumor effect using dendritic cells activated with natural killer cells in the presence of Toll-like receptor agonist.
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- Interestingly, combination therapy of these DC-based vaccines and with low-DOSE cyclophosphamide showed dramatic inhibition effects of tumor growth
2247. Utility of influenza vaccination for oncology patients.
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- In addition, we report on potential strategies to improve the efficacy of influenza vaccination in patients with cancer, such as the timing of vaccination, use of more than a one-shot series, increasing the antigen DOSE, and the use of adjuvant therapies
2248. Immunogenicity of a modified-live virus vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus when administered intranasally in young calves.
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- Calves were intranasally vaccinated with a single DOSE of a multivalent MLV vaccine and were challenged with one of the respective viruses three to four weeks post-vaccination in five separate studies
2249. Comparison of adjuvant efficacy of chitosan and aluminum hydroxide for intraperitoneally administered inactivated influenza H5N1 vaccine.
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- To test the immunization effect, mice were challenged with a lethal DOSE of H5N1 virus
2250. Efficacy of human papillomavirus 16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in Japanese women aged 20 to 25 years: interim analysis of a phase 2 double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.
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- At 6 months after the third DOSE of vaccine, geometric mean titers against HPV-16 and HPV-18 were 2899.3 and 1352.2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units per milliliter, respectively, that is, 97- and 60-fold higher than geometric mean titers observed after natural infection
2251. Intermittent prophylaxis with oral truvada protects macaques from rectal SHIV infection.
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- A simple regimen with an oral DOSE of Truvada given 1, 3, or 7 days before exposure followed by a second DOSE 2 hours after exposure was as protective as daily drug administration, possibly because of the long intracellular persistence of the drugs
- In addition, a two-DOSE regimen initiated 2 hours before or after virus exposure was effective, and full protection was obtained by doubling the Truvada concentration in both DOSEs
- We saw no protection if the first DOSE was delayed until 24 hours after exposure, underscoring the importance of blocking initial replication in the mucosa
2252. Immune response induced by a linear DNA vector: influence of dose, formulation and route of injection.
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- Here we evaluate the influence of DOSE, formulation and delivery route on the immune response after vaccination with MIDGE-Th1 vectors encoding hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)
- An HBsAg-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibody response was induced in a DOSE-dependent manner, whereas the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio was independent of the injected DNA DOSE
2253. Efficacy of a potential trivalent vaccine based on Hc fragments of botulinum toxins A, B, and E produced in a cell-free expression system.
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- Mice immunized with three injections containing 5 microg of any of the in vitro-expressed, alum-absorbed, Hc vaccines generated a serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titer of 10(5) against the native toxin complex, which enabled protection against a high-DOSE toxin challenge (10(3) to 10(6) mouse 50% lethal DOSE [MsLD(50)])
2254. Challenge pools of hepatitis C virus genotypes 1-6 prototype strains: replication fitness and pathogenicity in chimpanzees and human liver-chimeric mouse models.
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- The challenge pools had titers of 10(3)-10(5) chimpanzee infectious DOSEs/mL
- Inoculation studies with different DOSEs of the genotype 1b pool suggested that a relatively high virus DOSE is required to consistently infect chimeric mice
2255. Comparative efficacy of hemagglutinin, nucleoprotein, and matrix 2 protein gene-based vaccination against H5N1 influenza in mouse and ferret.
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- However, we find that the protective efficacy of NP and M2 diminishes as the virulence and DOSE of the challenge virus are increased
- Therefore, while gene-based vaccination with NP and M2 may provide moderate levels of protection against low challenge DOSEs, it is insufficient to confer protective immunity against high challenge DOSEs of H5N1 in ferrets
- These immunogens may require combinatorial vaccination with HA, which confers protection even against very high DOSEs of lethal viral challenge.
2256. Potential epidemiological and economical impact of two rotavirus vaccines in Colombia.
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- A Markov decision model was built to assess the health outcomes from birth to 24 months of age for three hypothetical cohorts: one unvaccinated, one vaccinated with 2 DOSEs of Rotarix and the third, with 3 DOSEs of Rotateq
- Assuming a cost per DOSE of USD$7.5, average cost-effectiveness ratio would be USD$663/DALY with Rotarix and USD$1391 with Rotateq
- When price per DOSE falls below USD$7 both vaccines yield a similar average cost-effectiveness ratio (USD$1063/DALY)
- Other programmatic aspects such as number of DOSEs to be applied, likelihood of completing vaccination schedule with shorter versus longer schedules, and storage space within the chain cold should be considered to make decisions on which vaccine should be introduced
- If cost per vaccinated children falls below USD$3 per DOSE vaccination would be cost saving.
2257. Vaccines against non-communicable diseases.
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- Choice of the right target, proper vaccine design, optimal vaccine DOSE and regimen remain the major challenges to achieve clinical efficacy and safety for this novel class of biotherapeutics.
2258. Administration of vitamin D3 improves antimetastatic efficacy of cancer vaccine therapy of Lewis lung carcinoma.
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- at therapeutic and prophylactic regimens to 3LL-bearing C57Bl mice, were applied alone or in combination with VD3 (administered per os) and/or low-DOSE cyclophosphamide (CP, administered intraperitoneal)
2259. A TLR9 agonist enhances therapeutic effects of telomerase genetic vaccine.
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- IMO induced DOSE-dependent cytokine secretion and activation of NK cells
2260. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo characterization of the fully human monoclonal IgM antibody KBPA101 specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype IATS-O11.
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- In vivo evaluation of KBPA101 demonstrated a DOSE-response relationship for protection against systemic infections in a murine burn wound sepsis model, where 70 to 100% of animals were protected against lethal challenges with P
- aeruginosa at DOSEs as low as 5 microg/animal
2261. Hepatitis A: the costs and benefits of the disease prevention by vaccine, Paraná, Brazil.
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- The price of the vaccine is 10 USD/DOSE
- Two DOSEs are necessary to get the protection
2262. Efficacy of 2'-C-methylcytidine against yellow fever virus in cell culture and in a hamster model.
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- When administered to YFV-infected hamsters 4 h prior to virus challenge at a DOSE as low as 80 mg/kg/d, 2'-C-MeC was effective in significantly improving survival and other disease parameters (weight change, serum ALT, and liver virus titers)
2263. Vaccinations in children with cancer.
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- This review analyses the data regarding the immunogenicity, efficacy, safety and tolerability of the vaccines usually recommended in the first years of life in order to help pediatricians choose the best immunisation programme against vaccine-preventable disease in children with cancer receiving standard-DOSE chemotherapy
2264. Licensure of a meningococcal conjugate vaccine (Menveo) and guidance for use - Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010.
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- MenACWY-CRM is licensed as a single DOSE for use among persons aged 11-55 years
2265. Viral hepatitis.
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- By 2003-2006, over 90% of children had received at least one DOSE of the recommended three-DOSE series of hepatitis B vaccine
2266. Recombinant BCG-Rv1767 amount determines, in vivo, antigen-specific T cells location, frequency, and protective outcome.
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- This reduction might likely be explained by the specific T cells phenotype and setting existing before MTB challenge, induced by either the single or the triple DOSE of r-BCG
2267. [A live attenuated varicella vaccine].
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- The vaccine contains cell-free virus with a minimum of 1000 plaque forming units per DOSE and suitable stabilizers
2268. Recombinant Moraxella bovoculi cytotoxin-ISCOM matrix adjuvanted vaccine to prevent naturally occurring infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.
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- A convenience sample comprised of 127 steers were administered a subcutaneous DOSE of either adjuvant alone (ISCOM matrices; control group) or recombinant M
2269. Toxicity-evaluation designs for phase I/II cancer immunotherapy trials.
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- The standard Phase I oncology trial is designed to find the maximum tolerated DOSE (MTD) in a setting where serious drug-related toxicity is expected
- The Phase I/II toxicity-evaluation design is suitable when the therapeutic DOSE is expected to be well below the MTD
- In Phase I, the design enrolls multiple cohorts at the target DOSE, possibly after an initial DOSE titration stage, and tests a formal safety hypothesis using a standard 3 + 3 enrollment scheme
- We give an exact upper confidence limit on the toxicity rate at the therapeutic DOSE using the combined Phase I/II toxicity data, as well as the maximum likelihood estimate of the toxicity rate
- We show how to compute power, expected sample size, and expected number of DOSE-limiting toxicities, as well as the maximum likelihood estimator and exact small sample confidence intervals for the toxicity rate at the therapeutic DOSE
2270. Developments in allergen-specific immunotherapy: from allergen extracts to allergy vaccines bypassing allergen-specific immunoglobulin E and T cell reactivity.
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- We summarize the experimental data demonstrating that such peptide vaccines can bypass allergen-specific IgE as well as T cell activation and may be administered at high DOSEs without IgE- and T cell-mediated side-effects
2271. Abeta DNA vaccination for Alzheimer's disease: focus on disease prevention.
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- The first passive immunotherapy trial with bapineuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the end terminus of Abeta, also encountered some DOSE dependent adverse events during the Phase II portion of the study, vasogenic edema in 12 cases, which were significantly over represented in ApoE4 carriers
- The proposed remedy is to treat future patients with lower DOSEs, particularly in the ApoE4 carriers
2272. Aggregation of Streptococcus pneumoniae by a pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide-specific human monoclonal IgM correlates with antibody efficacy in vivo.
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- The ability of A7 to induce aggregation of ST3 was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry: A7 induced aggregation of ST3, and in the presence of a complement source, A7 promoted deposition of complement component 3 (C3) on aggregated bacteria in a DOSE-dependent fashion
- Similarly, administration of preincubated mixtures of A7 and ST3 intraperitoneally to mice protected them from the lethality of ST3 in a DOSE-dependent fashion
2273. Modeling the impact of one- and two-dose varicella vaccination on the epidemiology of varicella and zoster.
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- In many countries, policymakers are being asked to make recommendations regarding the introduction of a 2-DOSE varicella vaccination program
- The objective of this study was to examine the potential impact of 1-DOSE versus 2-DOSE varicella vaccination programs on varicella and zoster incidence, using Canada as an example
- We developed a deterministic realistic age-structured model that fits 1- and 2-DOSE vaccine efficacy, varicella force of infection and zoster incidence
- Assuming 90% coverage, the base case model (range: min; max) predicts that 1-DOSE vaccination will reduce varicella and zoster cases by 64% (14%; 96%) and 5% (-2%; 22%), respectively, over 80-years
- Adding a second DOSE is predicted to reduce varicella and zoster by an additional 22% (0%; 82%) and 6% (0%; 14%), respectively
- Most varicella cases prevented by the second DOSE are breakthrough infections
- Although the incremental effectiveness of adding the second DOSE is highly sensitive to vaccine efficacy and mixing, predictions of the overall benefit of a 2-DOSE program is relatively robust to model assumptions
- Adding a 2-DOSE program may help guarantee high population-level effectiveness against varicella
- However, the incremental benefit of a second DOSE is highly dependant on the effectiveness of the first DOSE and its impact on zoster.
2274. Cross-protection against influenza virus infection by intranasal administration of M2-based vaccine with chitosan as an adjuvant.
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- Three weeks after the last immunization, the mice were challenged with a lethal DOSE (5 x LD(50)) of A/Chicken/Jiangsu/7/2002 (H9N2) virus, PR8 (H1N1) virus and A/Chicken/Henan/12/2004 (H5N1) virus
2275. Evaluation of formalin inactivated V3526 virus with adjuvant as a next generation vaccine candidate for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.
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- Efficacy following SC or aerosol challenge was not significantly different between the fV3526 formulations or compared to C84 despite C84 being administered in more DOSEs and higher concentration of viral protein per DOSE
2276. [Evaluation on the safety and efficacy of lyophilized purified human rabies vaccine (CTN-Vero-RV)].
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- 365 and 730 days after the first DOSE, sera from the 212 and 176 subjects of the studied group while 97 and 80 subjects from the control group were collected to test for neutralizing antibody
- On days 3, 7, 14, 28 and 365 after the first DOSE, the antibody positive rates appeared to be 2.35%, 80.78%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 98.58% and 73.30% in the study group and 4.00%, 87.20%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 97.94% and 76.25% in the controls respectively
2277. Increased risk of hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract infection among Australian indigenous infants 5-23 months of age following pneumococcal vaccination: a cohort study.
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- Person-time at-risk after 0, 1, 2, and 3 DOSEs of 7vPCV and after 0 and 1 DOSE of 23vPPV and the number of ALRI following each DOSE were used to calculate DOSE-specific rates of ALRI for children 5-23 months of age
- Rates were compared using Cox proportional hazards models, with the number of DOSEs of each vaccine serving as time-dependent covariates
- Elevated risk of ALRI requiring hospitalization was observed after each DOSE of the 7vPCV vaccine, compared with that for children who received no DOSEs, and an even greater elevation in risk was observed after each DOSE of the 23vPPV (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] vs no DOSE, 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.71; P=.002)
- Risk was highest among children vaccinated with the 23vPPV who had received <3 DOSEs of the 7vPCV (adjusted HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.32-2.48)
2278. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, the single oral dose typhoid vaccine, M01ZH09, is safe and immunogenic at doses up to 1.7 x 10(10) colony-forming units.
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- Typhi (Ty2 Delta aroC Delta ssaV) ZH9, is a single oral DOSE typhoid vaccine with independently attenuating deletions
- A phase II randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, DOSE-escalating trial evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of M01ZH09 to 1.7 x 10(10) colony-forming units (CFU)
- At all DOSEs, the vaccine was well tolerated and without bacteremias
- Efficacy testing of this single-DOSE oral typhoid vaccine is needed.
2279. Effects of oral levamisole as an adjuvant to hepatitis B vaccine in adults with end-stage renal disease: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.
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- For the tolerability assessment, studies that reported DOSE reduction, levamisole discontinuation, and their adverse effects including laboratory abnormalities were included
- Five patients underwent DOSE reduction due to mild adverse events
2280. Assessment of the efficacy of commercially available and candidate vaccines against a pandemic H1N1 2009 virus.
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- The present study demonstrates that a single DOSE of matched inactivated vaccine confers partial protection against a pandemic H1N1 2009 virus, and it suggests that a higher DOSE or prime-boost regimen may be required
2281. Efficacy of a genotype 2 Newcastle disease vaccine (Avinew) against challenge with highly virulent genotypes 5d and 3d.
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- Six groups of 10-day-old, specific pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with DOSEs of 10(3.0), 10(4.5) and 10(6.0) EID50 of Avinew vaccine and challenged at 4 weeks of age intramuscularly at a DOSE of 10(5.3) EID50/0.2 ml/bird of GPMV and RCV
- The protection offered against the ND challenge was found to be DOSE dependent
- At the recommended field DOSE of 10(6.0) EID50 the vaccine gave 100% protection from mortality against both the challenge viruses, but not against infection and replication of the viruses, as gross lesions were evident even in apparently healthy birds that survived the challenge
- The protective DOSE (PD90) of the Avinew vaccine against GPMV challenge was calculated at 10(4.38) and against that of RCV at 10(4.43).
2282. Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly.
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- Any influenza vaccine given independently, in any DOSE, preparation or time schedule, compared with placebo or with no intervention was considered
2283. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults.
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- We structured the comparisons into prophylaxis, treatment, and adverse events, with further subdivision by outcome and DOSE
2284. Dichloroacetate (DCA) enhances tumor cell death in combination with oncolytic adenovirus armed with MDA-7/IL-24.
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2285. Gemcitabine versus bacille Calmette-Guérin after initial bacille Calmette-Guérin failure in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a multicenter prospective randomized trial.
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- All patients were randomly allocated to Group A, receiving intravesical gemcitabine (at a DOSE of 2000 mg/50 mL) twice weekly for 6 consecutive weeks and then weekly for 3 consecutive weeks at 3, 6, and 12 months, or Group B, receiving intravesical BCG (Connaught strain, 81 mg/50 mL) over a 6-week induction course and each week for 3 weeks at 3, 6, and 12 months
2286. Virus-like particle vaccine protects against 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus in mice.
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- Notably, a low DOSE of VLPs could provide protection against lethal infection
2287. Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among patients in the HIV Outpatient Study, 1996-2007.
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- Of eligible patients, 5.8%, 23.4%, and 31.6% had received at least one DOSE of HBV vaccine by years 1996, 2002, and 2007, respectively
2288. Control of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Gallinarum in birds by using live vaccine candidate containing attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum mutant strain.
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- Birds were orally vaccinated with the SG mutant as the following programme: group A, one DOSE at 5 days of age; group B, one DOSE at 5 days of age and a second DOSE at 25 days of age; and group C, birds were kept unvaccinated as controls
- Either vaccination with one or two DOSEs of SG mutant, were capable to protect brown chickens against SG wild type
- In the experiment with white chickens, only vaccination with two DOSEs of SG mutant protected the birds against challenge with SE wild type
2289. A recombinant DNA vaccine encoding Eimeria acervulina cSZ-2 induces immunity against experimental E. tenella infection.
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- The chickens in the vaccinated groups were vaccinated with pVAX1-cSZ2, pVAX1-IL-2 and pVAX1-cSZ2-IL-2 twice 'at days 14 and 21' with DOSE rate of 100microg intramuscularly
2290. Safety and immunogenicity of an AMA1 malaria vaccine in Malian children: results of a phase 1 randomized controlled trial.
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- A Phase 1 double blind randomized controlled DOSE escalation trial was conducted in Bandiagara, Mali, West Africa, a rural town with intense seasonal transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria
- Three DOSEs of vaccine were given at 0, 1 and 2 months, and children were followed for 1 year
2291. [Evaluation of immunization protection efficacy of plague subunit vaccine].
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2292. A piglet model of acute gastroenteritis induced by Shigella dysenteriae Type 1.
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- Piglets developed acute diarrhea, anorexia, and dehydration, which could often be fatal, with symptom severity depending on age and DOSE
2293. Monoclonal antibody produced in plants efficiently treats West Nile virus infection in mice.
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- A single DOSE of plant Hu-E16 protected mice against WNV-induced mortality even 4 days after infection at rates that were indistinguishable from mammalian-cell-produced Hu-E16
2294. Effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine using a 2+1 infant schedule in Quebec, Canada.
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- In the province of Quebec, Canada, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is offered to all children aged less than 5 years, and a 2+1 schedule (2, 4, and 12 months) is recommended for low-risk infants, with other schedules including a lower number of DOSEs for older children
- Overall PCV protection (> or =1 DOSE) against IPD caused by any serotype was 60% (95% CI: 38%-75%), and was 92% (83%-96%) against IPD caused by vaccine serotypes
- Among low-risk children who received the recommended 2+1 schedule, 6 cases of vaccine failure occurred after the first DOSE, 1 case after the second DOSE, and no cases after the booster DOSE
- These results confirm the effectiveness of PCV after 2 and 3 DOSEs.
2295. Development and statistical validation of a guinea pig model for vaccine potency testing against Infectious Bovine Rhinothracheitis (IBR) virus.
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- Guinea pigs were immunized with two DOSEs of vaccine, 21 days apart and sampled at 30 days post vaccination (dpv)
- The guinea pig model showed a DOSE-response relationship to the BoVH-1 antigen concentration in the vaccine and it was able to discriminate among vaccines containing 1log(10) difference in its BoHV-1 concentration with very good repeatability and reproducibility (CV < or = 20%)
2296. Do pneumococcal conjugate vaccines provide any cross-protection against serotype 19A?
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- These findings are discussed in context of immunogenicity analyses indicating that 7vCRM induces functionally active anti-19A antibodies after the booster DOSE, and that other 19F-containing vaccine formulations may elicit higher levels of such antibodies after both primary and booster DOSEs
- These include the anti-19A immunogenicity of the specific vaccine formulation, the number of DOSEs of that formulation needed to elicit the response, and the burden of 19A disease that occurs after those DOSEs
2297. An experimental study for evaluating the efficacy of cercarial vaccine against Schistosoma mansoni.
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- GII: a test vaccinated with ACV, in a single DOSE of 0.1 ml of 10(4) ml ACV (G.IIa), double DOSE; 0.2ml (G.IIb) and two single DOSEs 2 weeks apart (G.IIc)
- The results revealed that the vaccine in a single DOSE (G.IIa) induced a high level of protection against S
2298. A single nasal dose of fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 ligand, but not peritoneal application, enhances nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-specific long-term mucosal immune responses in the nasopharynx.
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2299. Immune response to the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine after the 7-valent conjugate vaccine in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: results from the EBMT IDWP01 trial.
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- The current recommendations for active immunization after stem cell transplant (SCT) include 3 DOSEs of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) from 3 months after transplant, followed by a 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23)
- In the EBMT IDWP01 trial, 101 patients received 1 DOSE of PPV23 at 12 or 18 months, both after 3 DOSEs of PCV7
- One PPV23 DOSE after 3 PCV7 DOSEs, already known to increase the response to PCV7, also extends the serotype coverage given 12 or 18 months after transplant.
2300. Efficacy of inactivated vaccine against H5N1 influenza virus infection in mice with type 1 diabetes.
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- Susceptibility of diabetic mice to an H5N1 virus was evaluated by comparing the median lethal DOSE (LD(50)) and the lung virus titers with those of the healthy after the viral infection
- To evaluate the influence of diabetes on vaccination, diabetic and healthy mice were immunized once with an inactivated H5N1 vaccine and then challenged with a lethal DOSE of H5N1 virus
- In spite of this, diabetic mice could be protected against the lethal virus challenge by a single DOSE of immunization when the amount of the antigen increased
2301. Efficacy of commercial swine influenza vaccines against challenge with a recent European H1N1 field isolate.
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- The true reason for the differences in vaccine potency remains obscure because other factors, such as the antigen DOSE and/or the adjuvant, also differed between the vaccines.
2302. Adherence to cervical screening in the era of human papillomavirus vaccination: how low is too low?
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2303. Effect of human rotavirus vaccine on severe diarrhea in African infants.
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- Healthy infants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive two DOSEs of vaccine (in addition to one DOSE of placebo) or three DOSEs of vaccine--the pooled vaccine group--or three DOSEs of placebo at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age
- A total of 4939 infants were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the three groups; 1647 infants received two DOSEs of the vaccine, 1651 infants received three DOSEs of the vaccine, and 1641 received placebo
2304. Zoster vaccine (Zostavax): a review of its use in preventing herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults.
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- Zostavax (zoster vaccine) is a one-DOSE, high-potency, live, attenuated VZV vaccine that boosts VZV-specific CMI and this is its presumed mechanism of action
2305. Exercise intensity does not influence the efficacy of eccentric exercise as a behavioural adjuvant to vaccination.
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- All participants then immediately received a reduced DOSE (50% recommended DOSE) influenza vaccine
2306. Quantitative PCR: a quality control assay for estimation of viable virus content in live attenuated goat pox vaccine.
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- Efficacy of live viral vaccine and vaccine-induced sero-conversion depends on the optimum number of live virus particles in a vaccine DOSE, which is one of the important aspects of quality control
2307. Optimal duration of SLIT.
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- A review of SLIT studies reveals that both cumulative DOSE and maintenance schedules have widely varied between the published clinical trials
2308. Efficacy of single dose recombinant herpesvirus of turkey infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccination against a variant IBDV strain.
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- These experimental results indicate that a single DOSE of the recombinant HVT-IBDV confers protection against variant E challenge even though the VP2 expressed by the recombinant herpes virus belongs to a standard strain.
2309. Efficacy of a replikin peptide vaccine against low-pathogenicity avian influenza H5 virus.
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- The birds were challenged at 28 days of age with 1 x 10(6) 50% embryo infective DOSE of the LPAI Black Duck/NC/674-964/06 H5N1 virus per bird
2310. Estimation of the effective doses of nasal-inactivated influenza vaccine in humans from mouse-model experiments.
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- In addition, the minimal effective DOSE of nasal vaccine for providing complete protection against a lethal influenza virus infection is 0.1 microg SV vaccine (containing about 30 ng hemagglutinin [HA]) (with 0.1 microg CTB*) in BALB/c mice (20 g body weight) immunized twice intranasally 4 weeks apart
- The effective DOSE in humans can be estimated to be roughly 100 microg SV vaccine (containing approximately 30 microg HA) (with 100 microg CTB*)/20 kg body weight by using the DOSE/body weight ratio from actual vaccination trials
2311. Subpatent infection with nucleoside transporter 1-deficient Plasmodium blood stage parasites confers sterile protection against lethal malaria in mice.
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- Immunization of inbred and outbred mouse strains with a single low DOSE of Pynt1(-) blood stages did not induce any patent infections and conferred complete sterile protection against lethal heterologous blood stage and sporozoite challenges
2312. Yersinia pestis with regulated delayed attenuation as a vaccine candidate to induce protective immunity against plague.
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- The 50% lethal DOSEs (LD(50)s) of the Deltacrp and araC P(BAD) crp mutants were approximately 1,000,000-fold and 10,000-fold higher than those of Y
2313. Assessment of the duration of protection in Campylobacter jejuni experimental infection in humans.
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- jejuni 81-176, was investigated using a volunteer experimental infection model to evaluate the DOSE range and duration of protection
- jejuni strain 81-176 via oral inoculation of 10(5), 10(7), or 10(9) CFU (5 adults/DOSE), which was followed by clinical and immunological monitoring
- Based on DOSE range clinical outcomes, the 10(9)-CFU DOSE (n = 31) was used to assess homologous protection at 28 to 49 days (short-term veterans [STV]; n = 8) or 1 year (long-term veterans [LTV]; n = 7) after primary infection
- An illness DOSE effect was observed for naïve subjects (with lower DOSEs, 40 to 60% of the subjects were ill; with the 10(9)-CFU DOSE, 92% of the subjects were ill) along with complete protection for the STV group and attenuated illness for the LTV group (57%)
- Systemic and mucosal immune responses were robust in naïve subjects irrespective of the DOSE or the severity of illness
- jejuni DOSE-related increase in campylobacteriosis rates, evidence of complete short-term protection that waned with time, and immune response patterns associated with protection.
2314. [Logistic regression analysis on coverage of influences on timely birth dose hepatitis B vaccine].
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- 234 children received timely birth DOSE HepB among 852 children, timely coverage rate was 27.46%
- Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that delivery hospitals (X1), education of child caretakers (X2) were the main influencing factors to the timely birth DOSE HepB vaccination, the investigation landform, occupation of child caretakers, ethnic, whether the child caretakers know children need vaccination and if the child caretakers bring children for vaccination on their own have relevancy with the timely to the timely birth DOSE HepB vaccination
- The strategies such as increasing the rate of delivery at hospitals and putting more funding into publicity will facilitate increasing the coverage of timely birth DOSE HepB vaccination.
2315. An update on an ongoing measles outbreak in Bulgaria, April-November 2009.
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- The vaccination campaign that started earlier in the year in the affected administrative regions continues, targeting all individuals from 13 months to 30 years of age who have not received the complete two-DOSE regimen of the combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination.
2316. Antibodies to TWEAK receptor inhibit human tumor growth through dual mechanisms.
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2317. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell-derived type I interferon is crucial for the adjuvant activity of Toll-like receptor 7 agonists.
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2318. Cost-effectiveness of the CRM-based 7-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV7) in Argentina.
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- From the society's perspective, the incremental cost per LY gained was US$ 5599.42 and the purchase of the 4 DOSEs of vaccine for the entire cohort with a cost of US$ 26.5 DOSE requires an investment of US$ 73,823,806.00
- The value of the cost per LY gained was considerably modified by the variation in the cost of the vaccine DOSE, efficacy/effectiveness of the vaccine for pneumonia the mortality from pneumonia and herd immunity
2319. A single vaccination with an inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine primes the cellular immune response in calves with maternal antibody.
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- The efficacy of a single DOSE of an inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)--Parainfluenaza type 3 (PI3)--Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) combination vaccine, in calves positive for maternal antibodies, was established in a BRSV infection study
- It can be speculated that the level and duration of protection will improve after the second DOSE of vaccine is administered
- A two-DOSE basic vaccination schedule is recommended under field conditions.
2320. Pre-exposure immunization against rabies using Japanese rabies vaccine following the WHO recommended schedule.
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- By day 42 of the experiment, which was 2 weeks after the third DOSE, all subjects had developed NA titers of 0.5 IU/ml or higher
- An accelerated schedule would be of great advantage to Japanese travelers, who could complete the required three DOSEs for primary immunization in 1 month.
2321. Age-related efficacy of Shigella O-specific polysaccharide conjugates in 1-4-year-old Israeli children.
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- There was an age-related rise of vaccine-specific IgG anti-LPS in both groups, peaking at about 10 weeks and declining thereafter, but remaining > or =4-fold higher than in the controls 2 years after the second DOSE
2322. Epidemiology of Hepatitis B virus infection in a US cohort of HIV-infected individuals during the past 20 years.
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- Receipt of 1 DOSE of HBV vaccine was not associated with reduced risk of HBV infection after diagnosis of HIV infection
2323. Determinants for HPV vaccine uptake in the Netherlands: A multilevel study.
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- National coverage for the first DOSE was 49.9%, with regional uptakes ranging from 31% to 61%
2324. Economic evaluation of childhood 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Korea.
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- A 4-DOSE schedule was used in the base-case analysis
- A 3-DOSE schedule was also evaluated
- The assumed price per DOSE was Korean won (KW) 70,000 (approximately US$54; 2009 exchange rate US$1 = KW1,300)
- Implementing a 4-DOSE universal PCV-7 vaccination strategy in a birth cohort of 451,514 infants in Korea would prevent 96,728 cases of pneumococcal-related infections (591 meningitis, 1,379 bacteremia, 43,950 pneumonia, and 50,808 otitis media cases) and 218 deaths (199 discounted deaths averted, 575 discounted LYG over 5 years)
- The incremental cost per LYG was KW150.2 million (US$115,549) for the 4-DOSE schedule and KW103.91 million (US$79,955) for the 3-DOSE schedule
- The break-even costs were KW22,100 and KW28,100 per DOSE for the 4- and 3-DOSE schedules, respectively
2325. Efficacy of multivalent adenovirus-based vaccine against simian immunodeficiency virus challenge.
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- The prophylactic efficacies of several multivalent replication-incompetent adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vaccines were examined in rhesus macaques using an intrarectal high-DOSE simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 challenge model
2326. Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer 2009.
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- For ovarian cancer, the timing of treatment initiation for recurrent ovarian cancer, DOSE-dense chemotherapy as postoperative adjuvant treatment, the best chemotherapy regimen for platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer, and the efficacy of target agents were selected
2327. Piglet models of acute or chronic Clostridium difficile illness.
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- Germ-free piglets were consistently and extensively colonized after oral challenge with the human strain 027/BI/NAP1, establishing an infectious DOSE-age relationship
2328. Safety, immunogencity, and efficacy of a cold-adapted A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) vaccine in mice and ferrets.
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- In mice, 2 DOSEs of vaccine elicited a >4-fold rise in hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) titer and resulted in complete inhibition of viral replication following lethal homologous wild-type virus challenge
- In ferrets, a single DOSE of the vaccine elicited a >4-fold rise in HAI titer and conferred complete protection against homologous wild-type virus challenge in the upper respiratory tract
2329. Rubella in Austria 2008-2009: no longer a typical childhood disease.
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- A nationwide 2-DOSE measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination program had been introduced in 1994 to prevent this childhood illness
- The vaccination status was available for 230 cases; 10% of cases had received 1 measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine DOSE
- No case had received 2 DOSEs
2330. Clinical management of pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection.
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- Low-DOSE corticosteroids may be considered in the treatment of refractory septic shock
2331. Mechanisms of adverse drug reactions to biologics.
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- First DOSE reactions or infusion reactions are generally thought to be mediated via the Fc region of the antibody activating cytokine release, and have been observed with several antibodies
2332. Onset and duration of immunity to equine influenza virus resulting from canarypox-vectored (ALVAC) vaccination.
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- In experiment 2, 10 ponies received one DOSE of the ALVAC-influenza vaccine, 10 ponies served as unvaccinated controls, and all ponies were challenge infected with A/equine/Ohio/03, 14 days after vaccination
- In experiment 1, following the two-DOSE regimen, vaccinated ponies generated high titered anti-influenza virus IgGa and IgGb antibody responses to vaccination and demonstrated statistically significant clinical and virological protection to challenge infection compared to controls
- In experiment 2 following the one-DOSE regimen, vaccinates generated IgGa responses pre-challenge, and anamnestic IgGa and IgGb responses after challenge
2333. Seasonal influenza vaccine elicits heterosubtypic immunity against H5N1 that can be further boosted by H5N1 vaccination.
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- Furthermore, the trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine was found to be compatible with a whole virus H5N1 vaccine in a heterologous prime-boost immunization regimen, achieving superior efficacy compared to a single immunization with an equivalent low-DOSE of the H5N1 vaccine.
2334. Enhanced memory responses to seasonal H1N1 influenza vaccination of the skin with the use of vaccine-coated microneedles.
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- Mice vaccinated with a single microneedle DOSE of trehalose-stabilized influenza vaccine developed strong antibody responses that were long-lived
2335. The role of bacillus Calmette-Guérin in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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- The DOSE can be safely and effectively reduced to decrease its toxicity, which is slightly greater than chemotherapy
2336. Risk factors of herpes zoster among children immunized with varicella vaccine: results from a nested case-control study.
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- The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of race, chronic medical conditions and treatments, and recent vaccination, on the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) in children vaccinated with one DOSE of varicella vaccine
2337. Efficacy and safety of pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine when administered with greater than 10 weeks between doses.
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- The pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine is indicated as a 3-DOSE series with first DOSE administered orally at 6 to 12 weeks with subsequent DOSEs at 4 to 10 week intervals
- In pre-licensure phase III trials, the majority followed this schedule, but there were 2956 instances where infants received a DOSE of pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine/placebo >10 weeks after the previous DOSE
2338. Intranasal vaccination with a helper-dependent adenoviral vector enhances transgene-specific immune responses in BALB/c mice.
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- Meanwhile, a single DOSE of intranasal (i.n.) vaccine of HDAd-EGFP induced a serum IgG response with more efficacy than FGAd-EGFP
2339. Development of Peru-15 (CholeraGarde), a live-attenuated oral cholera vaccine: 1991-2009.
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- At a DOSE of around 10(8) CFU, it is immunogenic in adults in the USA, as well as in adults, children and infants in Bangladesh
- The vaccine has been tested in infants of 9 months of age where a single 10(8) CFU DOSE was safe and immunogenic while a tenfold lower DOSE was not
- Phase III studies are being targeted to determine the protective efficacy of CholeraGarde and for further development of a single-DOSE vaccine that will protect infants and also other age groups from endemic and epidemic cholera.
2340. Update on Rotarix: an oral human rotavirus vaccine.
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- The first oral DOSE may be administered as early as 6 weeks of age, with a minimum interval of 4 weeks prior to second DOSE; the vaccination course should be completed by the age of 24 weeks according to the manufacturer
- In the USA, the upper age limit for the second DOSE has recently been recommended at 32 weeks of age by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
2341. Immunization status and risk factors of migrant children in densely populated areas of Beijing, China.
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- Weighted up-to-date (UTD) and age-appropriate immunization rates for the following four vaccines were assessed: three DOSEs of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine (DTP); three DOSEs of oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV); three DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB); and one DOSE of Measles-containing vaccine (MCV)
- The 1st DOSE was most likely to be invalid or delayed within HepB, OPV and DPT series
2342. Comparative evaluation of vaccine efficacy of recombinant Marek's disease virus vaccine lacking Meq oncogene in commercial chickens.
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- Our results also emphasized the complexity of factors affecting vaccine efficacy and the importance of challenge DOSE in protection.
2343. A simple mathematical approach to deciding the dosage of vaccine against pandemic H1N1 influenza.
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- Results from early clinical trials have shown that a single DOSE of pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine may generate sufficient antibody response, but the relevance of this fact to public health decision making has yet to be clarified
- clinical attack rate) between one- and two-DOSE vaccination schemes
- If the efficacies do not greatly vary between one- and two-DOSE schemes, one-DOSE vaccination may well be supported
- Nevertheless, two-DOSE vaccination is shown to result in less morbidity if the vaccine efficacies are greatly diminished by reducing the DOSE
- As long as the detailed efficacy estimates rest on theoretical assumptions, single-DOSE vaccination may only be sufficiently justified in a specific setting where the number of vaccines is extremely limited.
2344. Sublingual immunotherapy efficacy of Dermatophagoides farinae vaccine in a murine asthma model.
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- Its effective DOSE and underlying mechanism are still to be explored
- Mice treated with high-DOSE Der f sublingual vaccine prior to challenge displayed alleviated symptoms such as airway hyperreactivity, lung inflammation and mucus production, as well as less eosinophilic cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- Interestingly, reduced responses of Der-f-specific IgE and increased responses of Der-f-specific IgA and IgG1 were aroused in the high-DOSE Der f sublingual vaccine group
- However, mice treated with low-DOSE Der f sublingual vaccine developed allergic asthma
- Our results illustrate that high-DOSE Der f sublingual vaccine may play a role in immunologic protection in murine allergic asthma, possibly by inducing regulatory T cells and Th1 reaction.
2345. Efficacy of several vaccination programmes in commercial layer and broiler breeder hens against experimental challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.
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- In Experiment 1, groups of commercial layers were vaccinated by one of the following programmes: Group 1, two DOSEs of a SE bacterin (Layermune SE); Group 2, one DOSE of a live Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum vaccine (Cevac SG9R) followed by one DOSE of the SE bacterin; Group 3, one DOSE of each of two different multivalent inactivated vaccines containing SE cells (Corymune 4K and Corymune 7K; and Group 4, unvaccinated, challenged controls
2346. The economy-wide impact of pandemic influenza on the UK: a computable general equilibrium modelling experiment.
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- Vaccination with a pre-pandemic vaccine could save 0.13% to 2.3% of gross domestic product ( pound2.2bn to pound38.6bn); a single DOSE of a matched vaccine could save 0.3% to 4.3% ( pound5.0bn to pound72.3bn); and two DOSEs of a matched vaccine could limit the overall economic impact to about 1% of gross domestic product for all disease scenarios
2347. Enhancing comparative rabies DNA vaccine effectiveness through glycoprotein gene modifications.
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- Enhancing DNA vaccine effectiveness remains a challenge, especially if the desired goal is immunization efficacy after a single DOSE
- The intramuscular (IM) route using a single DOSE (100 microg) of a modified DNA vaccine showed virus neutralizing antibody induction by d30, and 80% of the mice survived a challenge in which 100% of unvaccinated controls succumbed
- Similar results were obtained using a single DOSE (10 microg) by the intradermal (ID) route with one-tenth amount of the DNA administered
- Administration of single DOSE of DNA vaccine with unmodified G did not result in the production of detectable levels of virus neutralizing antibody by d30
2348. Efficacy of a single dose of live attenuated influenza vaccine in previously unvaccinated children: a post hoc analysis of three studies of children aged 2 to 6 years.
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- Although 2 DOSEs of influenza vaccine are recommended for children aged <9 years who have not been previously vaccinated, children may receive only 1 DOSE because of suboptimal adherence to national influenza vaccination recommendations
- This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a single DOSE of the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in previously unvaccinated children aged > or = 2 years, the population for which LAIV is approved
- Three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of a single DOSE of LAIV in previously unvaccinated young children
- Single-DOSE efficacy, as a prespecified outcome, was evaluated in the subgroup of children aged 2 to 6 years
- Reactogenicity and adverse events through 10 days after vaccination were reported after 1 and 2 DOSEs
- In a post hoc subgroup analysis of children aged 2 to 6 years from these 3 studies, the efficacy of a single DOSE of LAIV compared with placebo was 71.5% (95% CI, 52.9% to 83.4%), 87.3% (95% CI, 59.2% to 96.1%), and 59.9% (95% CI, 31.1% to 77.4%)
- Two of the studies compared the efficacy of 1 and 2 DOSEs of vaccine in the same season
- The 1-DOSE efficacy of LAIV was 87% to 92% of the 2-DOSE efficacy
- Upon revaccination in year 2 with a single DOSE, year-2 efficacy was not significantly different for children who received either 1 or 2 DOSEs in year 1 (1 DOSE in year 1, efficacy 64.1% [95% CI, 13.1% to 85.7%]; 2 DOSEs in year 1, efficacy 55.4% [95% CI, -23.6% to 85.9%]; P = NS)
- All reactogenicity events associated with the first DOSE of LAIV were decreased after the second DOSE, with the exception of cough
- A single DOSE of LAIV provided significant but not optimal protection against influenza in previously unvaccinated children
2349. Gallium disrupts iron uptake by intracellular and extracellular Francisella strains and exhibits therapeutic efficacy in a murine pulmonary infection model.
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- Thus, a single intranasal DOSE of Ga followed by daily intraperitoneal Ga at a DOSE tolerated by the animals resulted in prolonged survival
2350. MVA-based H5N1 vaccine affords cross-clade protection in mice against influenza A/H5N1 viruses at low doses and after single immunization.
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- MVA-based H5N1 vaccines already proved to be effective when two immunizations with high DOSEs were used
- DOSE-sparing strategies would increase the number of people that can be vaccinated when the amount of vaccine preparations that can be produced is limited
- To this end, mice were vaccinated once or twice with descending DOSEs of a recombinant MVA expressing the HA gene of influenza virus A/Vietnam/1194/04
- It was concluded that MVA-based vaccines allowed significant DOSE-sparing and afford cross-clade protection, also after a single immunization, which are favorable properties for an H5N1 vaccine candidate.
2351. Newer trends in the management of genital herpes.
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- Neonatal herpes requires a higher DOSE of acyclovir given intravenously for a longer duration
2352. Comparison of the immunological responses and efficacy of gamma-irradiated V3526 vaccine formulations against subcutaneous and aerosol challenge with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IAB.
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2353. Parasite threshold associated with clinical malaria in areas of different transmission intensities in north eastern Tanzania.
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- This paper describes step function and DOSE response model with threshold parameter as a tool for estimation of parasite threshold for onset of malaria fever in highlands (low transmission) and lowlands (high transmission intensity) strata
- DOSE response model was further extended to fit all age groups combined in each stratum
- DOSE response model was better in the estimation of parasite thresholds
- DOSE response model with threshold parameter can be used to estimate parasite threshold associated with malaria fever onset
2354. Efficacy of inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine against culture-confirmed influenza in healthy adults: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
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- In this double-blind trial conducted from September 2006 to May 2007 in the Czech Republic and Finland, participants aged 18-64 years were randomized to receive 1 DOSE of TIV (n = 5103) or placebo (n = 2549)
2355. Attenuation of vesicular stomatitis virus encephalitis through microRNA targeting.
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2356. Effect of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor on vaccination with an allogeneic whole-cell melanoma vaccine.
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- These data suggest that GM-CSF is not helpful as an immune adjuvant in this DOSE and schedule and raise concern that it may be harmful
2357. Cost-effectiveness of human papilloma virus vaccination in Iceland.
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- The model was based on the epidemiology of cervical cancer in Iceland and its premalignant stages as well as the costs involved in the treatment of each stage, assuming that the vaccines only prevent infections caused by HPV 16/18 at an efficacy of 95% and participation rate of 90%, no catch-up vaccination, no vaccination of boys and no booster DOSE needed
- HPV vaccination seems to be cost-effective in Iceland, but this was sensitive to various parameters in the model, mainly the discount rate, the price of the vaccines and the need for a booster DOSE.
2358. Strategies to improve the effect of vaccination in the elderly: the vaccine producer's perspective.
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- A further means of enhancing antigen presentation and subsequent T-cell activation would be to increase the vaccine DOSE and/or antigenic content
2359. Demonstration of anti-tumor activity of oncolytic measles virus strains in a malignant pleural effusion breast cancer model.
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- Intrapleural administration of 1.5 x 10(6) plaque-forming units (PFU) total DOSE of MV significantly improved median survival by approximately 80% compared to the control animal group
2360. Characterization of a new chimeric marker vaccine candidate with a mutated antigenic E2-epitope.
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- Therefore, efficacy as well as marker properties of CP7_E1E2alf_TLA were investigated in an animal experiment with both a high DOSE and a low DOSE vaccine preparation
- However, E2-ELISA reactivity as well as neutralizing titers were directly connected to the dosage used for vaccination, and only the low DOSE group had E2-ELISA values below threshold until challenge infection
2361. Effective prevention against rabies by intracerebral immunization in mice.
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- To evaluate the efficacy of intracerebral (IC) immunization, mice were immunized with a rabies vaccine by the subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM) or IC route, and 10-fold the 50% lethal DOSE of rabies virus was inoculated into the hindleg of the immunized or non-immunized mice
2362. Long-term protection provided by hepatitis B vaccine and need for booster dose: a meta-analysis.
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- We conclude that the protection provided by three or four DOSEs of monovalent HB vaccine persists for at least two decades in the great majority of immunocompetent individuals
- Additional studies are needed for assessing vaccine efficacy for longer periods of time and the need of booster DOSEs in different subgroups of population.
2363. Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine: PHiD-CV.
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- PHiD-CV is also immunogenic for ten serotypes as assessed by post-primary and post-booster DOSE opsonophagocytic activity responses
2364. Vaxfectin enhances both antibody and in vitro T cell responses to each component of a 5-gene Plasmodium falciparum plasmid DNA vaccine mixture administered at low doses.
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- We previously reported the capacity of the cationic lipid-based formulation, Vaxfectin, to enhance the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a low DOSE plasmid DNA vaccine against Plasmodium yoelii malaria in mice
- falciparum administered at 2, 10 or 50microg DOSEs
- These data showing that Vaxfectin can enhance the immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines administered at low DOSEs per body weight, and in combinations, has important clinical implications for the development of a vaccine against malaria, as well as against other public health threats.
2365. Immunostimulatory complexes containing Eimeria tenella antigens and low toxicity plant saponins induce antibody response and provide protection from challenge in broiler chickens.
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- The effects of the route of administration, DOSE of antigen and type of saponin used for construction of ISCOMs were evaluated for ability to stimulate serum IgG and IgM and to protect chickens against a homologous challenge
- DOSE titration experiments demonstrated efficacy after single immunization with various ISCOM DOSEs but maximum effects were observed when ISCOMs contain 5-10mug antigen
2366. A cost-utility analysis of cervical cancer vaccination in preadolescent Canadian females.
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- The base-case analysis included 70% screening coverage, 75% vaccination coverage, $135/DOSE for vaccine, and 3% discount rate on future costs and health effects
2367. Transcutaneous delivery of a nanoencapsulated antigen: induction of immune responses.
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- Transcutaneous administration of OVA encapsulated in the PLA nanoparticles exhibited priming efficacy to a challenging DOSE of OVA given via different route
2368. DNA vaccination of American robins (Turdus migratorius) against West Nile virus.
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- We found that a single DOSE of vaccine injected intramuscularly resulted in more than a 400-fold (10(2.6)) decrease in average viremia
2369. 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae PD conjugate vaccine: Synflorix.
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- PHiD-CV is immunogenic in infants when administered as a three-DOSE primary vaccination in a range of schedules and has a safety profile comparable to that of 7vCRM
2370. Coverage of and influences on timely administration of hepatitis B vaccine birth dose in remote rural areas of the People's Republic of China.
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- A survey was conducted in 2006 to assess the coverage and timeliness of the birth DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB(1)) and related influences among children in rural areas of Guangxi, Guizhou, Tibet, and Shaanxi provinces, People's Republic of China
- Children of Tibetan (24.8%, OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.12-0.21, P < 10 (-4)), Zhuang (27.8%, OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.57-0.94, P < 0.02) or Meng, Miao, and Hui ethnicity (14.2%, OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.29-0.45, P < 10 (-4)) were less likely than children of Han ethnicity (33.2%) to have received a timely birth DOSE
- Children lacking vaccination registration cards (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.51-0.80, P < 10 (-4)) and children whose parents or guardians did not know the importance of timely HepB immunization (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.46-0.84, P < 10 (-2)) were also less likely to have received a timely birth DOSE
- The timeliness of HepB(1) should improve with increasing rates of hospital delivery, training of birth attendants, increasing staff and community awareness of the importance of the birth DOSE, and by focusing on vulnerable groups.
2371. Safety and immunogenicity of the malaria vaccine candidate MSP3 long synthetic peptide in 12-24 months-old Burkinabe children.
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- The study was a double-blind, randomized, controlled, DOSE escalation phase Ib trial, designed to assess the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of three DOSEs of either 15 or 30 microg of MSP3-LSP adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide in 45 children 12 to 24 months of age randomized into three equal groups
- Each group received 3 vaccine DOSEs (on days 0, 28 and 56) of either 15 microg of MSP3-LSP, 30 microg of MSP3-LSP or of the Engerix B hepatitis B vaccine
- All 45 enrolled children received three MSP3 vaccine DOSEs
- The only reported local symptoms with grade 3 severity were swelling and induration, with an apparently DOSE related response
- Both MSP3 DOSEs regimens were able to elicit high levels of anti-MSP3 specific IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies in the volunteers with very little or no increase in IgG2, IgG4 and IgM classes: i.e
2372. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a quadrivalent human papilloma virus vaccine in Mexico.
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- The strategy of using only vaccination ($45 USD for three DOSEs) as a preventive measure was a very cost-effective strategy in Mexico ($68USD/LYS)
- The results of this study could be of great value in decision-making for the implementation of an HPV vaccine as a public health policy in Mexico provided that the cost of each DOSE will be, at most, $15 dollars (USD) dollars, combined with HPV testing, the new strategy of national secondary prevention program.
2373. Ultraviolet radiation reduces resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs.
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- To investigate whether UVR reduces the protective efficacy of BCG vaccine, guinea pigs were exposed to a single DOSE of 5.6, 11.2, or 22.5 kJ/m(2) of UVR either 3 days before or 3 or 28 days after BCG vaccination and then challenged by the aerosol route with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6 weeks later
- Lung cell IL-10 mRNA expression increased at all UVR DOSEs
- tuberculosis in guinea pigs possibly by altering cytokine responses in a UVR DOSE-dependent manner.
2374. Seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines for the elderly and other risk groups: a review of available data.
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- More research is needed to clearly establish the effect of DOSE sparing strategies of influenza vaccination, e.g., via intradermal immunization, on the immune response in elderly recipients
2375. Safety and immunogenicity of a tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine when co-administered with influenza vaccine in adults.
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- Annual vaccination with trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV), and a single DOSE of tetanus toxoid-reduced diphtheria toxoid-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine, are both recommended for adults in the US
2376. Human papillomavirus vaccine initiation in an area with elevated rates of cervical cancer.
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- Overall, 10.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.7%-13.5%) of daughters had received at least 1 DOSE of HPV vaccine
2377. Interindividual variations in the efficacy and toxicity of vaccines.
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- A number of factors may be involved in the variations in immune responses, which include age, gender, race, amount and quality of the antigen, the DOSE administered and to some extent the route of administration, and genetics of immune system
2378. Efficacy of the Bm86 antigen against immature instars and adults of the dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae).
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- Immunized dogs were given two DOSEs of an experimental formulation containing 50mug of recombinant Bm86, at 21 days interval while the other group was given placebo, consisting of the same preparation without Bm86
- Each dog was challenged 21 days after the last DOSE with 250 larvae, 100 nymphs and 55 adults (25 females and 30 males) released inside feeding chambers (one per instar) glued to their shaved flank
- ELISA data revealed a marked and significant increase in optical densities of sera from vaccinated animals after the second DOSE of Bm86
2379. Design of clinical trials for therapeutic cancer vaccines development.
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- The proof-of-principle trial objectives are: safety; DOSE selection and schedule of vaccination; and demonstration of proof-of-principle
2380. Liposomal gD ectodomain (gD1-306) vaccine protects against HSV2 genital or rectal infection of female and male mice.
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- Two DOSEs of L-gD(1-306)-HD containing 60 microg gD(1-306)-HD and 15 microg monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) per DOSE provided protection against HSV2 intravaginal challenge (86-100% survival, P< or =0.0003 vs
2381. [Induced expression of alpha-toxin gene of Clostridium perfringens in recombinant Lactobacillus casei and their immunoprotective in mice].
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- The test of alpha-toxin challenge in mice showed that the immunized mice could resist three times' Minimum Lethal DOSE (MLD)
2382. An epidermal growth factor receptor variant III-targeted vaccine is safe and immunogenic in patients with glioblastoma multiforme.
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- The DOSE of DCs was escalated in cohorts of three patients
- The maximum feasible DOSE of antigen-pulsed mature DCs was reached at 5.7 x 10(7) +/- 2.9 x 10(7) SD without DOSE-limiting toxicity
2383. Measles outbreak in Styria, Austria, March-May 2009.
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- Thirty-five cases were unvaccinated, and two of the 37 had received one DOSE of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine
2384. [Long-term evaluation of immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in 136 patients undergoing hemodialysis].
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- We present the experience during 13 years in an outpatient dialysis center of 136 HD patients who completed a HB vaccination program consisting in 3 DOSEs of 40 microg intramuscular recombinant B vaccine (Engerix-B)
- Nonresponders patients and responders patients that lost their antibodies(< 10 UI/ml) received annually a booster double DOSE of vaccine
- The administration of additional DOSEs of vaccine were effective in 24% of the nonresponders patients, and 69% of them remained seropositive at the end of the 1-year follow up
- Repeated booster DOSEs of vaccine in nonresponders patients to the first booster DOSE afforded seroconversion in 19.6% of the patients
- Performing post-vaccination testing every six months it would have allowed to give booster DOSEs of vaccine in 16% of responder patients before the annual period
- This current study demonstrates that a HB vaccination schedule with a regular serological follow-up and repeated booster DOSEs , affords an acceptable seroprotection in HD patients.
2385. Efficacy and safety of a modified killed-whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in India: an interim analysis of a cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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- In this double-blind trial, 107 774 non-pregnant residents of Kolkata, India, aged 1 year or older, were cluster-randomised by dwelling to receive two DOSEs of either modified killed-whole-cell cholera vaccine (n=52 212; 1966 clusters) or heat-killed Escherichia coli K12 placebo (n=55 562; 1967 clusters), both delivered orally
- We undertook an interim, per-protocol analysis at 2 years of follow-up that included individuals who received two completely ingested DOSEs of vaccine or placebo
- We assessed first episodes of cholera that occurred between 14 days and 730 days after receipt of the second DOSE
- 31 932 participants assigned to vaccine (1721 clusters) and 34 968 assigned to placebo (1757 clusters) received two DOSEs of study treatment
2386. Economic costs of rotavirus gastroenteritis and cost-effectiveness of vaccination in developing countries.
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- At $5 per DOSE, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in low-, lower-middle-, and upper-middle-income countries was $88, $291, and $329 per disability-adjusted life-year averted, respectively, and $3,015, $9,951 and $11,296 per life saved, respectively
2387. Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in peru.
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- We assumed an introductory price of US $7.50 per DOSE, and varied the annual rate of price decrease in sensitivity analyses
- The cost per disability-adjusted life-year averted for alternative "what-if" scenarios ranged from $229 (assuming a 1-DOSE schedule, administered on time) to $1491 (assuming a 2-DOSE schedule, with half the baseline vaccine efficacy rates and a restricted timing policy)
- Withholding the vaccine from children who present for their first DOSE after 12 weeks of age would reduce the number of deaths averted by approximately 20%
- A single DOSE may be more cost-effective than 2 DOSEs, but more evidence on the protection conferred by a single DOSE is required.
2388. Adaptation of a Thai multidrug-resistant C2A clone of Plasmodium falciparum to Aotus monkeys and its preliminary in vivo antimalarial drug efficacy-resistance profile.
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- During adaptation, the parasite showed resistance to a single 20 or 40 mg/kg oral DOSE of mefloquine (MQ)
2389. Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa detoxified lipopolysaccharide structures as inducers of cytokines and oxidative species in macrophages.
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2390. Mumps resurgences in the United States: A historical perspective on unexpected elements.
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- Unexpected elements of the outbreak included very abrupt time course (75% of cases occurred within 90 days), geographic focality (85% of cases occurred in eight rural Midwestern states), rapid upward and downward shift in peak age-specific attack rate (5-9-year olds to 18-24-year olds, then back), and two-DOSE vaccine failure (63% of case-patients had received two DOSEs)
- The 2006 epidemic followed this pattern, with two unique variations: it was preceded by a period of very high vaccination rates and very low disease incidence and was characterized by two-DOSE failure rates among adults vaccinated in childhood
2391. Results of a vaccination campaign against human papillomavirus in the province of La Spezia, Liguria, Italy, March-December 2008.
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- We assessed the adherence to the vaccination during the 2008 campaign as 80.6%, 79.0% and 64.1%, respectively, for the first, second and third DOSE of vaccine in the target population.
2392. Successful small intestine colonization of adult mice by Vibrio cholerae requires ketamine anesthesia and accessory toxins.
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- All combinations of mutants in the genes for hemolysin, the multifunctional, autoprocessing RTX toxin (MARTX), and hemagglutinin/protease were assessed, and it was found that hemolysin and MARTX are each sufficient for colonization after a low DOSE infection
2393. A new genetic vaccine platform based on an adeno-associated virus isolated from a rhesus macaque.
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- A priming DOSE of AAVrh32.33 led to high levels of Gag antibodies, which exceed levels found after injection of adenovirus vectors
- Importantly, passive transfer of pooled human immunoglobulin into mice does not interfere with the efficacy of AAVrh32.33 expressing nucleoproteins from influenza virus, as measured by protection to a lethal DOSE of influenza virus, which is consistent with the very low seroprevalence to this virus in humans
2394. Adenovirus vectors block human immunodeficiency virus-1 replication in human alveolar macrophages by inhibition of the long terminal repeat.
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- Infection of HIV-1-infected human alveolar macrophages (AMs) obtained from HIV-1(+) individuals with an Ad vector containing no transgene (AdNull) resulted in DOSE-responsive inhibition of endogenous HIV-1 replication
- HIV-1 replication in normal AMs infected with HIV-1 in vitro was inhibited by AdNull with a similar DOSE response
2395. Recent progress on sanofi pasteur's dengue vaccine candidate.
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- Participants were randomised to receive a three-DOSE regimen of dengue TV over 12 months (given at baseline, 3-4 and 12 months) or a control vaccine/placebo at baseline followed by two injections of dengue TV
2396. Local and regional adverse reactions to BCG-SSI vaccination: a 12-month cohort follow-up study.
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- The factors associated with a lower risk of AE were: age at vaccination <1 year compared to age >1 year (OR=0.35 [0.2-0.6] for age <28 days, 0.29 [0.2-0.42] for age 29 days to 2 months, and 0.53 [0.37-0.74] for age 3-11 months), a visible papule (OR=0.48 [0.36-0.63]), and a low vaccine DOSE (OR=0.42 [0.31-0.58])
2397. [Tetanus in Poland in 2007].
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- 1 case was unvaccinated, 2 received buster DOSE of vaccine less then 10 years before infection
2398. [Rubella in Poland in 2007].
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- An improvement in diagnostic certainty of reported cases is necessary to assess the impact of 2-DOSE immunization implemented in 2003 on rubella epidemiology in Poland.
2399. Correlates for completion of 3-dose regimen of HPV vaccine in female members of a managed care organization.
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- To examine the rate and correlates of completion of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4) 3-DOSE regimen because nonadherence to the regimen may adversely affect vaccine efficacy
- Female members of Kaiser Permanente Southern California who were 9 to 26 years old, received the first DOSE of HPV4 between October 2006 and March 2007, and maintained health plan membership 12 months afterward were identified and followed up for regimen completion
2400. [Risk factors for delayed or missed measles vaccination in young children].
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- The influence of socio-economic determinants and parental attitudes towards immunisations on the timing of the first measles DOSE was analysed by using multivariable Cox regression
- Of these children 46.8% (95% CI: 44.5-49.1) received their first measles DOSE according to the recommendations of the standing committee on vaccination (STIKO) by month 15
2401. Oral delivery of tumor-targeting Salmonella exhibits promising therapeutic efficacy and low toxicity.
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- Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009, a representative tumor-targeting strain, has been systemically administered as a single-agent therapy at DOSEs of 1 x 10(6) to 3 x 10(6) colony-forming unit (cfu)/mouse, or in combination with other antitumor agents at DOSEs of 1 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(5) cfu/mouse
- Recently, we reported that oral delivery of VNP20009 at the DOSE of 1 x 10(9) cfu/mouse induced significant anticancer effects comparable to that induced by systemic administration of this strain at 1 x 10(4) cfu/mouse
- To further address the efficacy and safety of oral administration of bacteria, here we performed a systemically comparative analysis of anticancer efficacy and toxicity of VNP20009 administered: (i) orally at a DOSE of 1 x 10(9) cfu/mouse (VNP9-oral); (ii) intraperitoneally at a DOSE of 1 x 10(4) cfu/mouse (VNP4-i.p.); or (iii) intraperitoneally at a DOSE of 1 x 10(6) cfu/mouse in tumor-free and tumor-bearing murine models
- Moreover, the combination of VNP9-oral with a low DOSE of chemotherapeutics produced comparable antitumor effects but displayed significantly reduced toxicity when compared to VNP6-i.p
2402. Dendritic cell vaccination combined with CTLA4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma.
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- Autologous DC were pulsed with MART-1(26-35) peptide and administered with a DOSE escalation of the CTLA4-blocking antibody tremelimumab
- Sixteen patients were accrued to five DOSE levels
- DOSE-limiting toxicities of grade 3 diarrhea and grade 2 hypophysitis developed in two of three patients receiving tremelimumab at 10 mg/kg monthly
2403. A pooled analysis of continued prophylactic efficacy of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (Types 6/11/16/18) vaccine against high-grade cervical and external genital lesions.
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- Mean follow-up time was 42 months post DOSE 1
2404. Humoral immune responses and protective efficacy of sequential B- and T-cell epitopes of V antigen of Yersinia pestis by intranasal immunization in microparticles.
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- Contemplating this, we studied the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of collinearly synthesized B- and T-cell epitopes (B-T constructs) of V antigen entrapped in poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles immunized intranasally using single DOSE immunization schedule in outbred, H-2(b) and H-2(d) mice
- Finally, in vivo protective study in BALB/c mice demonstrated the protective efficacy of three B-T constructs (ai, bi and fi) against lethal DOSEs of Yersinia pestis till day 20 post challenge, while construct 'id' showed partial protection.
2405. Updated recommendation from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for revaccination of persons at prolonged increased risk for meningococcal disease.
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- MCV4 is licensed as a single DOSE
2406. Vaccines and preterm neonates: why, when, and with what.
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- It shows why PTIs and LBWIs should be vaccinated using the same schedules as those usually recommended for full-term infants (FTIs), except in the case of hepatitis B vaccine, whose schedule should be repeated in infants who received the first DOSE during the first days of life when they weighed less than 2000 g because of their reduced immune response
2407. The human cancer antigen mesothelin is more efficiently presented to the mouse immune system when targeted to the DEC-205/CD205 receptor on dendritic cells.
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- We then characterized both T cell and humoral responses to human MSLN and compared immunizing efficacy of DEC-205-targeted MSLN to nontargeted protein after a single-DOSE immunization
- Targeting human MSLN to DEC-205 receptor induced stronger CD4(+) T-cell responses compared to high DOSEs of mesothelin protein
2408. Replication-deficient rabies virus-based vaccines are safe and immunogenic in mice and nonhuman primates.
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- A single DOSE of M gene-deficient RV induced a more rapid and efficient anti-RV response than did P gene-deficient RV immunization
2409. Immunogenicity and efficacy of a bacterially expressed HEV ORF3 peptide, assessed by experimental infection of primates.
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- Furthermore, the vaccine provided some protection against hepatitis (1 of 2 monkeys in the two-DOSE regimen and 4 of 6 in the three-DOSE regimen did not develop severe hepatitis) compared to the controls
- These results suggest that immunization with the bacterially expressed peptide may partially prevent experimental hepatitis, and even infection, in primates, following intravenous challenge with high DOSEs of two HEV genotypes.
2410. Immunization with HSV-1 glycoprotein C prevents immune evasion from complement and enhances the efficacy of an HSV-1 glycoprotein D subunit vaccine.
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2411. Impact of a recombinant fowlpox vaccine on the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a patient with metastatic melanoma.
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- A patient with metastatic melanoma who had progressive disease after prior surgical resections, high DOSE interleukin-2, and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody received sequential treatments with autologous tumor infiltrating lymphocytes that recognized the gp100 melanocyte differentiation antigen
2412. Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins plus CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides confer protection to Mycobacterium bovis BCG-primed mice by inhibiting interleukin-4 secretion.
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- These findings show that a single DOSE of CFP/CpG can represent a new strategy to boost the protection conferred by BCG vaccination
2413. First data on Eurasian wild boar response to oral immunization with BCG and challenge with a Mycobacterium bovis field strain.
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- Exposing wild boar to a DOSE of 10(4)cfu of M
2414. Rabies DNA vaccine encoding lysosome-targeted glycoprotein supplemented with Emulsigen-D confers complete protection in preexposure and postexposure studies in BALB/c mice.
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- To improve the outcome of vaccination, to ultimately enhance the immune response, we investigated different routes for DNA vaccine delivery, varied DOSEs of DNA, and the influence of adjuvant supplementation
- In preexposure prophylaxis, a 3-DOSE regimen of this formulation generated a high RVNA titer (32 IU/ml) and conferred complete protection against challenge with 20 LD(50) of CVS
- Subsequent therapy with 5 DOSEs of the formulation completely prevented rabies in BALB/c mice, which maintained protective RVNA titers of 4 IU/ml
2415. Semliki forest virus expressing interleukin-12 induces antiviral and antitumoral responses in woodchucks with chronic viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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- For evaluating antitumoral efficacy, woodchuck tumors were injected with increasing DOSEs of SFV-enhIL-12, and tumor size was measured by ultrasonography following treatment
- In five (83%) of six woodchucks, a DOSE-dependent, partial tumor remission was observed, with reductions in tumor volume of up to 80%, but tumor growth was restored thereafter
2416. An updated critical analysis of the treatment strategy for newly diagnosed high-grade T1 (previously T1G3) bladder cancer.
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- A single DOSE of immediate post-TUR chemotherapy is recommended
2417. Kinetics of the immune response profile in guinea pigs after vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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- The guinea pig model of tuberculosis is used extensively in assessing novel vaccines, since Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination effectively prolongs survival after low-DOSE aerosol infection with virulent M
2418. Efficacy of Escherichia coli O157:H7 siderophore receptor/porin proteins-based vaccine in feedlot cattle naturally shedding E. coli O157.
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- The SRP vaccine at the 3 mL DOSE reduced prevalence of E
- A similar trend was observed with the 2 mL DOSE (29.1%), but differences were not statistically significant compared to control (p = 0.40)
- Additionally, the 3 mL DOSE of SRP vaccine reduced the number of days cattle tested culture positive for E
2419. Escherichia coli O157:H7 vaccine dose-effect in feedlot cattle.
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- A clinical trial conducted during the summer of 2006 evaluated effects of two- and three-DOSE regimens of an Escherichia coli O157 vaccine product on the probability of detecting E
- The three-DOSE regimen significantly reduced the probability for cattle to shed E
- A DOSE-effect was demonstrated because a two-DOSE regimen of the vaccine product was intermediate in effect
- These results are consistent with previous estimates of vaccine efficacy against fecal shedding, and agree with our previous finding that efficacy of two or three DOSEs of this vaccine product exhibit a DOSE-response.
2420. Leptosome-entrapped leptospiral antigens conferred significant higher levels of protection than those entrapped with PC-liposomes in a hamster model.
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- For the challenge test, 10x MLD(50) (modified lethal DOSE 50%) of virulent L
2421. A phase I trial of immunotherapy with lapuleucel-T (APC8024) in patients with refractory metastatic tumors that express HER-2/neu.
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- Patients who achieved a partial response or had stable disease through week 48 were eligible for re-treatment using the same protocol and DOSE as their initial treatment
2422. 27th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Pediatric Infectious Disease.
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- The main topics covered are current pneumococcal seroepidemiology after the introduction of the 7-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7), the efficacy and immunogenicity of a reduced-DOSE schedule of PCV7, and the effectiveness of PCV7 against invasive pneumococcal disease, otitis media and related conditions, pneumonia, and nasopharyngeal carriage
2423. Increased risk of developing chronic HBV infection in infants born to chronically HBV infected mothers as a result of delayed second dose of hepatitis B vaccination.
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- This two-stage study (cross-sectional and case-control) assessed the effects of delayed second DOSE HB vaccination on the risk of developing chronic HBV infection in infants born to chronically HBV infected mothers
- In the case-control comparison, controlling for HBeAg in the mother, the risk of an infant becoming chronically infected was 3.74 times (95% CI=0.97-14.39) higher if the interval between the first and the second DOSEs exceeded 10 weeks
- This finding suggests it is important that immunization programs ensure timely second DOSE vaccination to infants born to mothers with chronic HBV infection
2424. Immune response and prophylactic efficacy of smegmosomes in a hamster model of leptospirosis.
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- Four-week-old hamsters were immunized subcutaneously twice at three weeks intervals and either bled at various time points to evaluate antibody responses, sacrificed to isolate splenocytes for lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine profiles in response to recall antigen, or challenged intraperitoneally with a modified lethal DOSE (10X MLD(50)) of virulent Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona
2425. Hepatitis A disease following the implementation of universal vaccination: who is at risk?
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- The incidence of acute hepatitis A in Israel has decreased 25 folds in less than a decade, following the introduction of a two-DOSE universal toddler's hepatitis A immunization in July 1999
- Four patients (3%) were previously immunized with one DOSE, and none had two DOSEs
2426. Clinical considerations in developing dendritic cell vaccine based immunotherapy protocols in cancer.
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- As opposed to phase I and II trials of new chemical entities where pharmacokinetics, maximum tolerated DOSE, toxicity profile and DOSE response effects are the primary concerns, for DCV the pertinent issues are quite different
2427. Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of Cervarix and Gardasil human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer vaccines in healthy women aged 18-45 years.
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- This observer-blind study compared the prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, Cervarix (GlaxoSmithKline) and Gardasil (Merck), by assessing immunogenicity and safety through one month after completion of the three-DOSE vaccination course
- In the total vaccinated cohort (all women who received at least one vaccine DOSE, regardless of their serological and DNA status prior to vaccination), Cervarix induced significantly higher serum neutralizing antibody titers in all age strata (p < 0.0001)
- However, compliance rates with the three-DOSE schedules were similarly high (>or= 84%) for both vaccines
2428. Safety and efficacy of human rotavirus vaccine during the first 2 years of life in Asian infants: randomised, double-blind, controlled study.
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- Healthy infants were enrolled to receive 2 DOSEs of RIX4414 (N=5,359) or placebo (N=5,349)
- From 2 weeks post-DOSE 2 to 2 years of age, vaccine efficacy was 96.1% (95%CI:85.1%; 99.5%) against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, 100% (95%CI:80.8%; 100%) against wild-type G1P[8] and 93.6% (95%CI:74.7%; 99.3%) against circulating non-G1 rotavirus types
2429. Persistence of rubella antibodies after 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine.
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- Since 1990, most schoolchildren in the United States have received a second DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR2) at kindergarten entry
2430. [Efficacy of combined active-passive immunization in neonates born to hepatitis B surface antigen positive mothers: a study of 60 cases].
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- They received one DOSE of hepatitis B immunoglobulins (0.3 ml/kg) at birth and four DOSEs of vaccine (0, 1, 2 and 12 months of age)
- A second DOSE of hepatitis B immunoglobulins was given at 1 month of age in neonates born to hepatitis B antigen-positive carrier mothers
- One to 3 months after the third vaccinal DOSE, 16 infants (31.4%) were poor responders to vaccine
- The hepatitis B serovaccination is efficient with four vaccinal DOSEs
- In infants born to hepatitis Be antigen-positive carrier mothers the efficacy could be improved increasing the DOSE of hepatitis B immunoglobulins (0.6 ml/kg) at birth and adding a second DOSE (0.6 ml/kg) at 3 weeks of life
2431. Salmonella flagellins are potent adjuvants for intranasally administered whole inactivated influenza vaccine.
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- Groups immunized with the adjuvanted vaccines were fully protected against high DOSE lethal challenge by homologous virus whereas inactivated PR8 alone conferred only partial protection
2432. A dose-ranging study of a subunit Respiratory Syncytial Virus subtype A vaccine with and without aluminum phosphate adjuvantation in adults > or =65 years of age.
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- In a DOSE-ranging, placebo-controlled, blinded trial 561 adults > or =65 years of age at five Canadian sites were randomized to one intramuscular injection of either 100, 50 or 25 microg RSV-A-alum vaccine or 100 microg non-adjuvanted RSV-A vaccine, or alum-placebo
2433. Evaluation of RTS,S/AS02A and RTS,S/AS01B in adults in a high malaria transmission area.
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- 255 healthy adults aged 18 to 35 years were randomized (1ratio1ratio1) to receive 3 DOSEs of RTS,S/AS02A, RTS,S/AS01B or rabies vaccine (Rabipur; Chiron Behring GmbH) at months 0, 1, 2
- A marked increase in anti-CS antibody GMTs was observed post DOSE 2 of both RTS,S/AS01B (31.6 EU/mL [95% CI: 23.9 to 41.6]) and RTS,S/AS02A (16.7 EU/mL [95% CI: 12.9 to 21.7])
- A further increase was observed post DOSE 3 in both the RTS,S/AS01B (41.4 EU/mL [95% CI: 31.7 to 54.2]) and RTS,S/AS02A (21.4 EU/mL [95% CI: 16.0 to 28.7]) groups
- Anti-CS antibody GMTs were significantly greater with RTS,S/AS01B compared to RTS,S/AS02A at all time points post DOSE 2 and DOSE 3
2434. Screening, prevention and treatment of cervical cancer -- a global and regional generalized cost-effectiveness analysis.
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- However, based on projections of the future price per DOSE (representing the economic costs of the vaccination excluding monopolistic rents and vaccine development cost) vaccination is the most cost-effective intervention
- From a cost-effectiveness perspective, consideration should be given to implementing vaccination (depending on cost per DOSE and longevity of efficacy) and screening programmes on a worldwide basis to reduce the burden of disease from cervical cancer
2435. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant subunit West Nile virus vaccine in rhesus monkeys.
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- Again, there was little difference in response between animals immunized with a 1- or 25-microg DOSE of WN-80E in the vaccine formulations
2436. Does vitamin A supplementation interact with routine vaccinations? An analysis of the Ghana Vitamin A Supplementation Trial.
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- VAS had a negative effect in measles-vaccinated girls who were missing one or more DOSEs of DTP at enrollment, a group who often received DTP during follow-up (MRR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.41, 4.80)
2437. [Elicitation of protective immune responses by a recombinant adenovirus expressing hemagglutinin of H3N2 SIV in swine].
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- The results showed that pigs in the groups given higher immunizing DOSE were developed higher levels HI antibody
2438. Safety and immunological efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase in patients with stage D0 prostate cancer.
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- Twenty-two patients were treated in a DOSE-escalation trial with 100 microg, 500 microg, or 1,500 microg plasmid DNA, coadministered intradermally with 200 microg granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as a vaccine adjuvant, six times at 14-day intervals
2439. Evaluation of the efficacy of modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)/IMVAMUNE against aerosolized rabbitpox virus in a rabbit model.
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- Rabbits were vaccinated with either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Dryvax, a single low DOSE of IMVAMUNE, a single high DOSE of IMVAMUNE, or twice with a high DOSE of IMVAMUNE
- Aerosol challenge with a lethal DOSE of RPXV was performed 4 weeks after the last vaccination
- The rabbits vaccinated with Dryvax, a low DOSE of IMVAMUNE, or a single high DOSE of IMVAMUNE showed minimal to moderate clinical signs of the disease, but all survived the challenge
- The only clinical sign displayed by rabbits that had been vaccinated twice with a high DOSE of IMVAMUNE was mild transient anorexia in just two out of eight rabbits
2440. Efficacy of a novel trivalent inactivated vaccine against the shedding of Salmonella in a chicken challenge model.
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- Chickens were injected subcutaneously with 0.5 ml per DOSE of the vaccine with an oil adjuvant
2441. Vaccination with Newcastle disease virus vectored vaccine protects chickens against highly pathogenic H7 avian influenza virus.
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- After a single immunization, all chickens developed NDV-specific, as well as AIV H7-specific, antibodies and were completely protected from clinical disease after infection with a lethal DOSE of virulent NDV or the homologous H7N1 HPAIV, while all control animals died within four days
2442. Yeast-expressed classical swine fever virus glycoprotein E2 induces a protective immune response.
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- At this time, the pigs were subjected to challenge infection with a DOSE of 1x10(5)TCID(50) (50% tissue culture infective DOSE) virulent CSFV strain
2443. Evaluation of experimental vaccines for bovine viral diarrhea in bovines, ovines and guinea pigs.
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2444. Fast tracking the vaccine licensure process to control an epidemic of serogroup B meningococcal disease in New Zealand.
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- Three vaccine DOSEs produced antibody levels (measured by serum bactericidal assay) that were considered to be adequate for public health intervention
- However, in young infants, a fourth DOSE was required to achieve levels equivalent to those achieved by other age groups
2445. [Infectious-toxic model of plague in mice].
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2446. A randomized longitudinal trial to test the effect of regional vaccination within a cattle feedyard on Escherichia coli O157:H7 rectal colonization, fecal shedding, and hide contamination.
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- We tested the efficacy of vaccinating all cattle within a region of a cattle feedlot using a two-DOSE regimen of a vaccine against type III secreted proteins of Escherichia coli O157:H7
- All pens within each region were assigned: (1) two DOSEs of vaccine (ALLVAC), (2) two DOSEs of adjuvant as placebo (NOVAC), or (3) commingled vaccination (HALFVAC), four of eight cattle in each pen receiving two DOSEs of vaccine, and the others adjuvant
- We concluded that the two-DOSE vaccine regimen effectively reduced E
2447. Epitope-based vaccination against pneumonic tularemia.
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- Vaccinated mice challenged intratracheally with a lethal DOSE of F
2448. Satisfactory safety and immunogenicity of MSP3 malaria vaccine candidate in Tanzanian children aged 12-24 months.
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- A phase Ib DOSE-escalating study was conducted to assess the vaccine's safety and immunogenicity in children aged 12 to 24 months in Korogwe, Tanzania (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00469651)
- This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled, DOSE escalation phase Ib trial, in which children were given one of two different DOSEs of the MSP3 antigen (15 microg or 30 microg) or a control vaccine (Engerix B)
- Immunization with lower and higher DOSEs was staggered for safety reasons starting with the lower DOSE
- A total of 45 children were enrolled, 15 in each of the two MSP3 DOSE groups and 15 in the Engerix B group
- Both MSP3 DOSE regimens elicited strong cytophilic IgG responses (subclasses IgG1 and IgG3), the isotypes involved in the monocyte-dependant mechanism of Plasmodium falciparum parasite-killing
2449. Comparative evaluation of the immune responses and protection engendered by LC16m8 and Dryvax smallpox vaccines in a mouse model.
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- At a high-DOSE intranasal challenge (100 or 250 50% lethal DOSEs), LC16m8 and Dryvax conferred similar levels of protection against vaccinia virus strain WR postvaccination
2450. Phase I clinical study of a peptide vaccination for hepatitis C virus-infected patients with different human leukocyte antigen-class I-A alleles.
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- To assess the safety and immune responses to this novel peptide, we conducted a phase I DOSE-escalation study of the vaccination for 26 HCV-positive patients who were either non-responders to the interferon-based therapy (n = 23) or refused it (n = 3)
- After a series of six vaccine injections, peptide-specific CTL activity was augmented in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 of 25 patient samples, with an expected optimal DOSE of 1 mg peptide
- After 12 vaccine injections, peptide-specific IgG production was augmented in plasma from the majority of patients (15 of 22 patients) tested, but not in a DOSE-dependent fashion
2451. Identification of a surface protective antigen, HP0197 of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.
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- In the present study, the purified recombinant HP0197 protein could elicit a significant humoral antibody response and could confer significant protection against challenge with lethal DOSE of SS2 in mice and pigs
2452. Chemomodulation of human dendritic cell function by antineoplastic agents in low noncytotoxic concentrations.
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- The DOSE-delivery schedule of conventional chemotherapy, which determines its efficacy and toxicity, is based on the maximum tolerated DOSE
- Recent data demonstrate that moderately low-DOSE chemotherapy may be efficiently combined with immunotherapy, particularly with dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, to improve the overall therapeutic efficacy
2453. A critical review on a globally-licensed, live, orally-administrable, monovalent human rotavirus vaccine: Rotarix.
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- The Rotarix vaccine is safe regarding intussusception if its first DOSE is administered between 6 and 12 weeks of age and the last DOSE by 24 weeks of age with a minimum interval of 4 weeks between the two DOSEs
- The expansion by Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, USA, of the age limit for the first DOSE to age <15 weeks, and the last DOSE by 8 months requires close monitoring.
2454. Power to detect the effects of HIV vaccination in repeated low-dose challenge experiments.
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- Simulation studies were conducted to estimate the statistical power of repeated low-DOSE challenge experiments performed in nonhuman primates to detect the effect of a candidate human immunodeficiency virus vaccine
- Results of simulation studies indicate that repeated low-DOSE challenge studies with a total sample of size 50 (25 animals/arm) typically provide adequate power to detect a 50% reduction in the per-exposure probability of infection resulting from vaccination
2455. Efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by oncogenic HPV types (PATRICIA): final analysis of a double-blind, randomised study in young women.
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- Analyses were done in the according-to-protocol cohort for efficacy (ATP-E; vaccine, n=8093; control, n=8069), total vaccinated cohort (TVC, included all women receiving at least one vaccine DOSE, regardless of their baseline HPV status; represents the general population, including those who are sexually active; vaccine, n=9319; control, n=9325), and TVC-naive (no evidence of oncogenic HPV infection at baseline; represents women before sexual debut; vaccine, n=5822; control, n=5819)
- Mean follow-up was 34.9 months (SD 6.4) after the third DOSE
2456. [Efficacy and safety of vaccination against hepatitis A and B in patients with chronic liver disease].
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- Patients negative for anti-HAV IgG received the HAV vaccination (1440 ELISA units in two DOSEs) and those with negative HBV serology received the HBV vaccination ( three 20 microg DOSEs)
- Patients with inadequate response to the latter vaccine received an additional double DOSE
- Thirty patients received a combination vaccine (three DOSEs)
- After the additional DOSE, the response increased to 74%
2457. Vitamin A-first dose supplement coverage evaluation amongst children aged 12-23 months residing in slums of Delhi, India.
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- To determine vitamin A-first DOSE supplement coverage in children aged 12-23 months and to find out its correlates with selected variables
- The 30-cluster sampling technique based on probability proportional to size advocated by the World Health Organization was used to assess vitamin A-first DOSE supplement amongst 210 children in the age group of 12-23 months residing in slums of a randomly selected municipal zone of Delhi during October to November 2005
- Only 79 (37.6%) children out of 210 had received vitamin A-first DOSE supplement
- The proportion of children born in a health institution who received first DOSE (57%) of vitamin A supplementation was significantly higher than of those who were born at home (43%) ( P 0.001)
- Thirty children though fully immunized for vaccine-preventable disease up to the age-of-one year had not received vitamin A-first DOSE supplement, suggesting that an opportunity had been missed
2458. Public health management of perinatal hepatitis B virus.
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- When maternal status is known, postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) consisting of a birth DOSE of (HBV) vaccine and Hepatitis B Immune Globulin may be administered within 12 hr of birth to provide 90% protection
- We discuss barriers to public health NCM and the importance of a universal HBV vaccine birth DOSE to protect undetected and unreported cases
2459. Immunosenescence and vaccine failure in the elderly.
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- New vaccines are being developed, such as intradermal and high-DOSE vaccines for influenza, to improve the efficacy of immunization in the elderly
2460. Cost-effectiveness analysis of human papillomavirus vaccination in the Netherlands.
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- Using the current price of euro118 per vaccine DOSE and with discounting of costs and effects at an annual rate of 3%, adding HPV vaccination to the current Dutch screening situation had a cost-effectiveness ratio of euro53 500 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained
- The threshold price per vaccine DOSE at which the cost-effectiveness of vaccination would correspond to an acceptability threshold of euro20 000 per QALY gained was euro40
- With a doubling of the cervical cancer incidence level, the cost-effectiveness ratio was euro24 400 per QALY gained and the maximum price per DOSE at threshold of euro20 000 was euro97
2461. Field evaluation of the protective efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine against bovine tuberculosis.
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- The protective efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (1 x 10(6) single DOSE) was evaluated under field conditions
2462. Enhanced immunogenicity of seasonal influenza vaccines in young children using MF59 adjuvant.
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- Unprimed healthy children (6 to <36 months) were enrolled in an observer-blinded study and randomly assigned to receive 2 DOSEs of MF59-adjuvanted vaccine (Sub/MF59, n = 130) or nonadjuvanted split vaccine (split, n = 139); subgroups of these (n = 43 and 46, respectively) received a booster DOSE 1 year later
- Safety and clinical tolerability were assessed after each DOSE
- Postvaccination hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers to all 3 vaccine strains were significantly higher with Sub/MF59 than with split vaccine (all comparisons P < 0.001) after each of the 3 vaccine DOSEs
- MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine was well tolerated in healthy young children after each of 3 DOSEs and induced greater, longer-lasting, and broader immune responses than a nonadjuvanted split vaccine
2463. Influenza control in the 21st century: Optimizing protection of older adults.
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- Future strategies under evaluation include the use of high-DOSE vaccines; novel or enhanced adjuvantation of current vaccines; use of live attenuated vaccines in combination with current vaccines; DNA vaccines; recombinant vaccines; as well as the use of different modes of delivery and alternative antigens
2464. Efficacy of diphtheria and tetanus vaccination in Gaza, Palestine.
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- The relatively low antibody titres, especially for diphtheria, suggest the need for a booster DOSE.
2465. Protection and polyfunctional T cells induced by Ag85B-TB10.4/IC31 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is highly dependent on the antigen dose.
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- In addition, we examined if the antigen DOSE could influence the phenotype of the induced T cells
- Importantly, our results also showed that both the vaccine induced T cell response, and the protective efficacy, was highly dependent on the antigen DOSE
- Thus, whereas antigen DOSEs of 5 and 15 microg did not induce significant protection against M.tb, reducing the DOSE to 0.5 microg selectively increased the number of polyfunctional T cells and induced a strong protection against infection with M.tb
- The influence of antigen DOSE was also observed in the guinea pig model of aerosol infection with M.tb
- In this model a 2.5 fold increase in the antigen DOSE reduced the protection against infection with M.tb to the level observed in non-vaccinated animals
- Small changes in the antigen DOSE can greatly influence the induction of specific T cell subpopulations and the DOSE is therefore a crucial factor when testing new vaccines
- However, the adjuvant IC31 can, with the optimal DOSE of Ag85B-TB10.4, induce strong protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2466. Vaccination of dogs with six different candidate leishmaniasis vaccines composed of a chimerical recombinant protein containing ribosomal and histone protein epitopes in combination with different adjuvants.
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- Groups of five or seven dogs were vaccinated with six different adjuvant-antigen combinations and challenged with a high DOSE intravenous injection of Leishmania infantum JPC strain promastigotes
2467. Efficacy and safety of live attenuated persistent and rapidly cleared Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine candidates in non-human primates.
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- Following a high-DOSE intrabronchial challenge with virulent M
2468. IFN-alpha enhances peptide vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell numbers, effector function, and antitumor activity.
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- IFN-alpha synergized with peptide vaccination in a DOSE-dependent manner by boosting relative and absolute numbers of gp100-specific T cells that suppressed B16 melanoma growth
2469. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine in women aged 24-45 years: a randomised, double-blind trial.
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- 1910 women received at least one DOSE of vaccine and 1907 at least one DOSE of placebo
2470. Association between pentavalent rotavirus vaccine and severe rotavirus diarrhea among children in Nicaragua.
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- Among cases and controls, respectively, 18% and 12% were unvaccinated, 12% and 15% received 1 DOSE of RV5, 15% and 17% received 2 DOSEs, and 55% and 57% received 3 DOSEs
- Vaccination with 3 DOSEs was associated with a lower risk of rotavirus diarrhea requiring overnight admission or intravenous hydration (odds ratio [OR], 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.82)
- Thus, effectiveness of 3 DOSEs of RV5 against rotavirus disease requiring admission or treatment with intravenous hydration was 46% (95% CI, 18%-64%); against severe rotavirus diarrhea, 58% (95% CI, 30%-74%); and against very severe rotavirus diarrhea, 77% (95% CI, 39%-92%)
2471. Budget impact and cost-effectiveness of including a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in the New Zealand childhood immunization schedule.
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- A static equilibrium model was developed to evaluate health benefits and budget impact of vaccinating five successive birth cohorts with PRV at $50 per DOSE and 85% coverage (three DOSEs)
- The incremental cost is $2.99 million and the break-even price per vaccine DOSE is $32.39 at 2006 prices
2472. Neutralizing antibody levels for protection against betanodavirus infection in sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg), immunized with an inactivated virus vaccine.
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- The present study was conducted to examine inoculation DOSEs of the vaccine and neutralizing antibody titre levels to protect fish against VNN
- Fish immunized at vaccine DOSEs of 10(8.5), 10(8.0), 10(7.5), 10(7.0) and 10(6.5) TCID(50) per fish produced antibodies at mean titres of 1:907, 1:511, 1:259, 1:197 and 1:96, respectively, at 20 days post-immunization (p.i.)
- When fish were challenged with RGNNV (10(5.0) and 10(4.0) TCID(50)/fish) at 20 days p.i., cumulative mortalities of the fish groups immunized with 10(8.5), 10(8.0), 10(7.5) and 10(7.0) TCID(50) per fish were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the relative percent survival values were higher than 60% in fish groups immunized with 10(7.5) TCID(50) per fish or higher DOSEs
- From these results, it was deduced that the minimum effective inoculation DOSE of the vaccine is 10(7.0) TCID(50) per fish and the minimum mean neutralizing antibody titre giving significant protection is approximately 1:200
2473. Hepatitis B vaccination and risk of hepatitis B infection in HIV-infected individuals.
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- Receipt of at least one DOSE of vaccine was not associated with reduced risk of HBV (unadjusted hazard ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.7-1.1; adjusted hazard ratio 1.08, 95% CI 0.8-1.4)
- Receipt of three or more DOSEs of vaccine was also not associated with reduced risk (hazard ratio 0.96; 95% CI 0.56-1.64)
2474. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GroEL (hsp60) of Streptococcus pneumoniae against lethal infection in mice.
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- To determine the efficacy of GroEL in eliciting protection, the mice were challenged with the lethal DOSE of S
2475. Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, sargramostim) administered for 3 years as adjuvant therapy of stages II(T4), III, and IV melanoma.
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- The GM-CSF was administered subcutaneously in 28-day cycles, such that a DOSE of 125 microg/m2 was delivered daily for 14 days followed by 14 days rest
2476. Efficacy of an 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against radiologically confirmed pneumonia among children less than 2 years of age in the Philippines: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
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- Children 6 weeks to <6 months of age were randomly allocated to receive 3 DOSEs of either an 11-valent PCV (11PCV, sanofi pasteur, Lyon, France) or a saline placebo, with a minimum interval of 4 weeks between DOSEs to determine vaccine efficacy (VE) against the primary outcome of a child experiencing first episode of community-acquired radiologically defined pneumonia in the first 2 years of life
- Among 11PCV recipients, a small excess of serious adverse respiratory events was observed in the first 28 days after the first and second DOSE of vaccine, and of nonrespiratory events after the first DOSE
- An excess of pneumonia episodes in 11PCV recipients in the month following the second DOSE of vaccination was the principal reason for lower VE by ITT analysis than by PP analysis
2477. Efficacy, duration of immunity and cross protection after HPV vaccination: a review of the evidence.
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- The administration of a challenge DOSE of quadrivalent vaccine at month 60 of follow-up resulted in a strong anamnestic response
2478. Low dose BCG regimen in T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: long term results.
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- Until now, optimal treatment schedule and optimal DOSE have not been defined as the toxicity related to BCG therapy is significant
- Regarding toxicity; irritative symptoms occurred in 24%of patients, fever in 9%, microscopic hematuria in 14%; which appeared to be significantly low when compared with the rates reported for higher DOSEs of BCG
- Decreasing the DOSE resulted in reducing the side effects significantly without delay or cessation of therapy.
2479. Varicella: efficacy of two-dose vaccination in childhood.
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- Experience with one-DOSE varicella vaccination of children in the USA has shown that with high immunization coverage a marked decline in morbidity and mortality occurs
- Recent studies on the causes, effects, and consequences of breakthrough varicella after one-DOSE vaccination show that varicella vaccine should be given in two DOSEs at least four to six weeks apart to achieve effective, long-lasting protection against chickenpox
- Breakthrough disease cannot always be prevented, but two-DOSE vaccination offers significantly better protection than a single DOSE
- These findings were considered in the approval process for the measles-mumps-rubella-varicella combination vaccines, which are licensed only for use in a two-DOSE schedule
- The authors recommend the general implementation of a two-DOSE schedule for single-antigen varicella vaccines, which will continue to be available.
2480. Establishment of an adult mouse model for direct evaluation of the efficacy of vaccines against Vibrio cholerae.
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- Several variables were examined to optimize the model, the most significant being the size of the challenge inoculum; surprisingly, a smaller challenge DOSE resulted in more consistent and sustained colonization
2481. Evaluation of the impact of hepatitis B vaccination among children born during 1992-2005 in China.
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- Hepatitis B vaccine coverage (3 DOSEs) increased from 30.0% for children born in 1992 to 93.4% for children born in 2005
- Receipt of a timely birth DOSE increased from 22.2% to 82.6% for children born during this interval
- Multivariate analysis showed that older age, western and rural residence, birth at home, and certain ethnicities were risk factors for under vaccination with both full vaccine series and timely birth DOSE
- The efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination with a timely birth DOSE was 88.3%
2482. Vaccination with Streptococcus suis serotype 2 recombinant 6PGD protein provides protection against S. suis infection in swine.
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- Immunization of piglets with r6PGD yielded 50% survival upon an intravenous challenge with a lethal DOSE of SS2
2483. [Chitosan as an adjuvant for inactivated vaccines against avian influenza viruses].
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- Vaccination with inactivated avian influenza viruses A/H5 and chitozan induced high levels of antibodies even after single immunization as well as after administration of 8-fold reduced DOSE of preparation
2484. Evaluation of a plasmid DNA-based anthrax vaccine in rabbits, nonhuman primates and healthy adults.
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- VCL-AB01, a cationic lipid-formulated plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based vaccine that contains genes encoding genetically detoxified Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF), was assessed in a Phase 1, DOSE-escalating clinical trial in healthy adults for safety and immunogenicity, and in nonhuman primates for immunogenicity and efficacy against challenge with a lethal DOSE of B
- Healthy 18-45 year old subjects were randomly assigned to receive either the investigational vaccine containing 0.2 mg, 0.6 mg, or 2 mg of total pDNA per DOSE, or saline placebo, administered at 0, 1 and 2 months
- The 0.2 mg and 0.6 mg DOSE levels were generally well tolerated; however, DOSE-limiting reactogenicity was observed among subjects given the first 2 mg DOSE and the remaining two injections in the 2 mg group were reduced to 0.6 mg
- DOSE-related increases in seroconversion frequencies were observed
- In monkeys that received a 0.6 mg DOSE three times at 2 week intervals, low levels of antibodies were detected by ELISA but not by the TNA assay in all animals just prior to challenge
- In summary, VCL-AB01 was generally well tolerated in humans at a DOSE that provided immunity in monkeys despite the lack of robust TNA titers in either species.
2485. A cell-based H7N1 split influenza virion vaccine confers protection in mouse and ferret challenge models.
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- Mice and ferrets were immunised with two DOSEs of the split virus vaccine (12-24 microg haemagglutinin) with or without aluminium hydroxide adjuvant and challenged 3 weeks after second DOSE with the highly pathogenic A/chicken/Italy/13474/99 (H7N1) virus
2486. Production of catalytically inactive BoNT/A1 holoprotein and comparison with BoNT/A1 subunit vaccines against toxin subtypes A1, A2, and A3.
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- A single DOSE of ciBoNT/A1 HP provided equivalent or greater protective immunity, not only against the homologous toxin, but also against two distinct toxin subtypes with significant amino acid divergence
2487. Pneumococcal serotype 3 otitis media, limited effect of polysaccharide conjugate immunisation and strain characteristics.
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- Evaluation of vaccine efficacy before and after booster vaccination indicated that lack of efficacy against serotype 3 pneumococci might have been due to declined protection following the booster DOSE
2488. Age, revaccination, and tolerance effects on pneumococcal vaccination strategies in the elderly: a cost-effectiveness analysis.
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- Using a Markov model, we estimated the cost-effectiveness of single- and multiple-DOSE PPV strategies in 65-, 75-, and 80-year-old cohorts
- Single-DOSE PPV is worth considering in patients aged 65-80 from clinical and economic standpoints
2489. Investigation of the biological indicator for vaccine efficacy against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus challenge in mice and ferrets.
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- Administration of the vaccines (2-DOSE 1.77, 3.5, 7.5 or 15microg of HA) elicited high HI titers in a DOSE-dependent manner
- Two-DOSE (7.5microg) vaccinated mice (HI titer > or =320) and triple DOSE (7.5 microg) vaccinated ferrets with RgKoreaES223N/03xPR8 (HI titer > or =640) protected vaccine recipients from mortality, inhibited nasal virus shedding and limited influenza virus tropism
- Although developing technologies or methods that will enable the reduction of administration DOSE/frequency remains to be resolved, our study demonstrated a considerable biological marker (> or =640 HI titer) for full protection of the vaccinated hosts that could provide a preliminary basis for the assessment of complete immunization.
2490. Risk factors for mumps at a university with a large mumps outbreak.
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- We compared case students with > or = 2 MMR DOSEs and control students with > or = 2 MMR DOSEs in univariate and multivariate analyses
- Two-DOSE MMR coverage was 99% among case and control students with complete records
- High two-DOSE MMR coverage was not sufficient to prevent the outbreak
2491. [Immunogenicity comparision of Listeria monocytogenes inactivated by gamma-irradiation or traditional treatments].
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- We detected the serum antibody titers with indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and evaluated the protective efficacy of each vaccine candidates by the resistance to lethal DOSE challenge of homologous live LM and the effect of bacterial elimination in the spleen and liver of immunized mice
- Adoptive transfer of Flow Cytometry sorted T splenocytes from immunized mice to naïve recipients, subsequently challenged with high DOSE of LM, we determined the possible role of T cell
2492. Pediatric vaccination errors: application of the "5 rights" framework to a national error reporting database.
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- We used the "5 Rights" framework (right vaccine, time, DOSE, route, and patient) to determine whether vaccination error types were predictable
- "Wrong DOSE" errors were more common for vaccines whose DOSE is weight-based and age-based than for vaccines whose DOSE is uniform
2493. Cranberry and urinary tract infections.
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- A cornerstone of prevention of UTI recurrence has been the use of low-DOSE once-daily or post-coital antimicrobials; however, much interest has surrounded non-antimicrobial-based approaches undergoing investigation such as use of probiotics, vaccines, oligosaccharide inhibitors of bacterial adherence and colonization, and bacterial interference with immunoreactive extracts of Escherichia coli
2494. Coverage of recommended vaccines in children at 7-8 years of age in Flanders, Belgium.
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- Evaluation of the coverage of primary diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), poliomyelitis, hepatitis B (HBV) and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine DOSEs recommended before the age of 18 months in 7-year-old school children in Flanders, Belgium
- Coverage rates were 88.0% for the first DOSE of MMR, and 72.0%, 84.2% and 91.4% for the recommended HBV, DTP and poliomyelitis primary vaccine DOSEs, respectively
- In addition, 88.3% of the target group received the DT-polio booster DOSE recommended at 6 years of age and 83.1% a meningococcal C vaccine DOSE
- Vaccinators in Flanders reach children relatively well during infancy and at school age, but catch-up of missed infant vaccine DOSEs, especially MMR, should be optimized.
2495. Seropersistence of tick-borne encephalitis antibodies, safety and booster response to FSME-IMMUN 0.5 ml in adults aged 18-67 years.
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- A clinical study was carried out to evaluate the persistence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) antibodies 2 and 3 years after a primary vaccination series (three-DOSE regimen), and to assess the antibody response to a booster vaccination with FSME-IMMUN
- Volunteers (N = 347, 18-67 years) who had received two DOSEs of either FSME-IMMUN or Encepur adults and a third vaccination with FSME-IMMUN were enrolled
2496. Broadening the age restriction for initiating rotavirus vaccination in regions with high rotavirus mortality: benefits of mortality reduction versus risk of fatal intussusception.
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- We conducted a scenario analysis to assess the potential benefits of mortality reduction from rotavirus versus the risk of fatal intussusception when the first DOSE of the vaccine is strictly administered by 12 weeks of age compared with a free strategy with vaccine administered before 1 year of age using data on rotavirus disease, vaccine safety and efficacy, and current diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination rates, and by incorporating hypothetical risks of intussusception
- In developing countries, assuming vaccine efficacy of 50% and 75% for DOSEs 1 and 2, respectively, and a hypothetical sixfold and threefold increased relative risk of intussusception within 7 days of DOSEs 1 and 2, respectively, initiating rotavirus immunization before 12 weeks of age would prevent 194,564 of the 517,959 annual rotavirus-associated deaths among children <5 years, while potentially resulting in 1106 fatal intussusception events
- Administration of the first DOSE to infants up to 1 year of age would prevent an additional 54,087 rotavirus-associated deaths (total=248,651) while potentially resulting in an additional 1226 intussusception deaths (total=2332)
2497. IgG antibody concentrations after immunization with 11-valent mixed-carrier pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in efficacy trial against pneumonia among Filipino infants.
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- IgG antibody concentrations to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides were measured by a standardized enzyme immuno-assay in serum samples drawn post-3rd DOSE for peak antibody response and at the time of measles vaccination at 9 months of age for persistence of the antibodies
- One month post-3rd DOSE, 93-100% of 11PCV recipients had > or =0.35microg/ml for 9 serotypes, 76% for 6B, and 87% for 23F
- The 11PCV demonstrated good immunogenicity after three DOSEs and persistence of antibodies at least up to 9.5 months of age, comparable to other PCVs that have been evaluated for efficacy against radiologically defined pneumonia in other populations.
2498. Qualitative differences in the early immune response to live and killed Leishmania major: Implications for vaccination strategies against Leishmaniasis.
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- Inclusion of CpG ODN into killed parasite preparations changed the early response to killed parasites from IL-4 to a predominantly IFN-gamma response, resulting in better protection following secondary high DOSE virulent L
2499. Evaluation of efficacy of mammalian and baculovirus expressed E2 subunit vaccine candidates to bovine viral diarrhoea virus.
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- Vaccination of cattle with a higher DOSE of brE2 or low DOSE mrE2 gave comparable protection from viral challenge
- However, the efficacy of the brE2 vaccine was greatly diminished when a reduced DOSE was tested, indicating the importance of assessing the type of expression system used in antigen production.
2500. Polymeric lamellar substrate particles as carrier adjuvant for recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine.
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- These responses were higher than those produced by two-DOSE schedule of alum-adsorbed antigen (alum-rHBsAg)
2501. Chemotherapy induced transient B-cell depletion boosts antibody-forming cells expansion driven by an epidermal growth factor-based cancer vaccine.
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- High-DOSE cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin after priming enhanced the long-term frequency of EGF-specific antibody-forming cells (AFC) of IgM and IgG isotypes, but not the P64k response
2502. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides augment the murine immune response to the Yersinia pestis F1-V vaccine in bubonic and pneumonic models of plague.
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- CpG ODNs significantly augmented the antibody response and efficacy of a single DOSE of the plague vaccine in murine bubonic and pneumonic models of plague
2503. [Safety and efficacy of varicella vaccine in healthy children--one year follow-up].
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- to assess the safety and efficacy of varicella virus vaccine after administration of one DOSE
- However, because of a statistically significant lowering of antibody concentration 13 months after the vaccination, a two DOSE regimen of varicella vaccination should be recommended.
2504. Optimizing BCG therapy.
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- Repeat transurethral resection (TUR) for stage T1 disease, BCG maintenance, and DOSE/regimen alterations are likely to improve efficacy and/or tolerability
2505. Scheduling of measles vaccination in low-income countries: projections of a dynamic model.
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- We projected measles cases from 2008 to 2050 under (a) holding SIAs every 2, 4, 6, or 8 years, (b) improvements in first DOSE routine measles vaccine (MCV1) coverage of 0%, 1%, 3% annually, and (c) introducing MCV2 once MCV1 coverage reaches 70%, 80%, 90%
2506. The co-administration of CpG-ODN influenced protective activity of influenza M2e vaccine.
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- Moreover, when challenged with high DOSE of influenza virus, the addition of CpG-ODN even weakened the protective activity
2507. Single- and multiple-clade influenza A H5N1 vaccines induce cross protection in ferrets.
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- Ferrets received two DOSEs of inactivated whole-virus vaccine separated by 3 weeks
- Single-clade vaccines (7.5 microg HA per DOSE) included rg-A/Vietnam/1203/04 (clade 1), rg-A/Hong Kong/213/03 (clade 1), and rg-A/Japanese White Eye/Hong Kong/1038/06 (clade 2.3)
- The multiple-clade vaccine contained 3.75 microg HA per DOSE of each single-clade vaccine and of rg-A/Whooper Swan/Mongolia/244/05 (clade 2.2)
- Two DOSEs of vaccine were required to substantially increase anti-HA and virus neutralizing antibody titers to H5N1 viruses
2508. Vaccination strategies to enhance local immunity and protection against Mycobacteriun tuberculosis.
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- Intramuscular immunization with a DNA vaccine encoding CFP10 elicited production of IFN-gamma by systemic CD4+ T cells, and one intravenous DOSE of the CFP10-based DNA vaccine coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) stimulated IFN-gamma production by lung CD4+ cells and reduced the pulmonary bacillary burden
2509. Bivalent recombinant vaccine for botulinum neurotoxin types A and B based on a polypeptide comprising their effector and translocation domains that is protective against the predominant A and B subtypes.
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- A single immunization of the modified fragment protected mice from challenge with a 10(3) 50% lethal DOSE (LD(50)) of BoNT/A(1) with an 50% effective DOSE (ED(50)) of 50 ng of the vaccine
- In similar experiments, the LH(N)/A vaccine was shown to protect mice against challenge with BoNT/A subtypes A(1), A(2), and A(3), which is the first demonstration of single-DOSE protection by a vaccine against the principal toxin subtypes of BoNT/A
- In addition, LH(N)/B provided single-DOSE protection in mice against BoNT/B(4) (nonproteolytic toxin subtype).
2510. Assessing vaccine effects in repeated low-dose challenge experiments.
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- Historically, HIV vaccine regimens have been tested in NHPs by administering a single high DOSE of the challenge virus
- More recently, evaluation of candidate HIV vaccines has entailed repeated low-DOSE challenges, which more closely mimic typical exposure in natural transmission settings
2511. Efficacy and safety of 1 and 2 doses of live attenuated influenza vaccine in vaccine-naive children.
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- We investigated the efficacy and safety of 1 versus 2 DOSEs of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in influenza vaccine-naive children aged 6 to <36 months
- Subjects were randomized to 1 of 4 regimens in year 1: 2 DOSEs LAIV, 1 DOSE LAIV, excipient placebo, or saline placebo
- In year 2, LAIV recipients were to receive 1 DOSE of LAIV and placebo recipients were to receive saline placebo
- In year 1, vaccine efficacy versus placebo among recipients of 2 and 1 DOSEs of LAIV was 73.5% and 57.7%, respectively, against antigenically similar strains
- In year 2, absolute efficacy of a single DOSE of LAIV was 73.6% and 65.2%, respectively, in recipients of 2 and 1 DOSEs of LAIV in year 1
- Year 2 efficacy was 57.0% in subjects who received 2 DOSEs of LAIV in year 1 and placebo in year 2
- Seroconversion rates were significantly higher in the 2-DOSE versus the 1-DOSE LAIV group in year 1 and in both LAIV groups versus placebo in years 1 and 2
- One DOSE of LAIV provided clinically significant protection against influenza in young children previously unvaccinated against influenza; 2 DOSEs provided additional protection
- Protection after 2 DOSEs in year 1 persisted through a second season without revaccination
2512. Optimal dosing and dynamic distribution of vaccines in an influenza pandemic.
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- The authors explored this trade-off by applying simple models of influenza transmission and DOSE response to recent clinical trial data
- Delayed availability of a matched vaccine could be partially alleviated by using a 1-DOSE vaccination program with increased coverage and reduced time to full protection
- Although less immunogenic, an overall attack rate of up to 6% lower than a 2-DOSE program could be achieved
2513. Long-term efficacy of maintenance bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus maintenance mitomycin C instillation therapy in frequently recurrent TaT1 tumours without carcinoma in situ: a subgroup analysis of the prospective, randomised FinnBladder I study with a 20-year follow-up.
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- Because of alkalinising the urine and adjusting the DOSE to bladder capacity, the average concentration of MMC was low: 30-40 mg in 150-200 ml of phosphate buffer
2514. Incorporation of membrane-bound, mammalian-derived immunomodulatory proteins into influenza whole virus vaccines boosts immunogenicity and protection against lethal challenge.
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- In vivo efficacy studies revealed that a single low DOSE of IL-2 or IL-4-bearing CYT-IVAC is superior at providing protection against lethal influenza challenge in a mouse model and provides a more balanced Th1/Th2 humoral immune response, similar to live virus infections
2515. Enhanced protection against Ebola virus mediated by an improved adenovirus-based vaccine.
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- Ad-CAGoptZGP significantly improved T and B cell responses at DOSEs 10 to 100-fold lower than that needed with Ad-CMVZGP
- Additionally, Ad-CAGoptZGP afforded full protections in mice against lethal challenge at a DOSE 100 times lower than the DOSE required for Ad-CMVZGP
- The molecular modifications of the new improved vaccine also translated in the induction of significantly enhanced immune responses and complete protection at a DOSE 100 times lower than with the previous generation adenovirus-based Ebola vaccine
2516. Phase 1/2a study of the malaria vaccine candidate apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) administered in adjuvant system AS01B or AS02A.
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- After a preliminary safety evaluation of low DOSE AMA-1/AS01B (10 microg/0.5 mL) in 5 adults, 30 malaria-naïve adults were randomly allocated to receive full DOSE (50 microg/0.5 mL) of AMA-1/AS01B (n = 15) or AMA-1/AS02A (n = 15), followed by a malaria challenge
- Two weeks post-third vaccination, anti-AMA-1 Geometric Mean Antibody Concentrations (GMCs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were high: low DOSE AMA-1/AS01B 196 microg/mL (103-371 microg/mL), full DOSE AMA-1/AS01B 279 microg/mL (210-369 microg/mL) and full DOSE AMA-1/AS02A 216 microg/mL (169-276 microg/mL) with no significant difference among the 3 groups
2517. Antigen sensitivity is a major determinant of CD8+ T-cell polyfunctionality and HIV-suppressive activity.
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2518. A single-institution experience with induction and maintenance intravesical docetaxel in the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer refractory to bacille Calmette-Guérin therapy.
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- Induction therapy was administered as six weekly intravesical instillations of 75 mg followed by single-DOSE monthly maintenance therapy for nine additional instillations in patients who had a CR
2519. Posttranscriptional regulatory elements enhance antigen expression and DNA vaccine efficacy.
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- During immunization of mice with low DOSEs (10 microg) of HIV-1 DNA vaccine, only -intronA/+HPRE and +intronA/+HPRE vaccine constructs induced anti-Gag antibodies, although the -intronA/+WPRE construct also elicited antigen-specific cellular immune responses
- In addition, pInHGag (+intronA/+HPRE) at a 10 mug DOSE could induce higher anti-Gag antibody level than that induced by pGag (-intronA/-HPRE) or pInGag (+intronA/-HPRE) at 40 microg DOSE (p < 0.05)
2520. One dose of a porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) sub-unit vaccine administered to 3-week-old conventional piglets elicits cell-mediated immunity and significantly reduces PCV2 viremia in an experimental model.
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- The immunogenicity and efficacy generated by one DOSE of a PCV2 sub-unit vaccine (Porcilis PCV) were evaluated in 3-week-old conventional piglets
- Nevertheless, the immunity induced by one DOSE of the product was partly protective against PCV2 infection, since viremia, shedding and viral load in tissues were significantly reduced in vaccinated pigs compared to controls.
2521. Combined therapeutic effect of a monoclonal anti-idiotype tumor vaccine against NeuGc-containing gangliosides with chemotherapy in a breast carcinoma model.
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- The main objective of this study was to evaluate the antitumor effect of the co-administration of 1E10 (Racotumomab), a monoclonal anti-idiotype tumor vaccine against an IgM mAb, named P3 that reacts specifically with NeuGc-containing gangliosides and low-DOSE Cyclophosphamide in a mammary carcinoma model
- While a limited antitumor effect was induced by a single 1E10 mAb immunization; its co-administration with low-DOSE Cyclophosphamide reduced significantly the F3II mammary carcinoma growth
- That response was comparable with the co-administration of the standard high-DOSE chemotherapy for breast cancer based on 60 mg/m(2) of Doxorubicin and 600 mg/m(2) of Cyclophosphamide, without toxicity signs
- Furthermore, 1E10 mAb immunization potentiated the antiangiogenic effect of low-DOSE Cyclophosphamide
- Additionally, splenic myeloid cells Gr1(+)/CD11b(+) associated with a suppressor phenotype were significantly reduced in F3II tumor-bearing mice immunized with 1E10 mAb alone or in combination with low-DOSE Cyclophosphamide
2522. Sex differences in injection site reactions with human vaccines.
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- Predictors of injection site reactions are vaccine factors (antigen characteristics, antigen DOSE, DOSE number of antigen, antigen adjuvanting and type of diluent), vaccine administration factors (site and route of administration) and vaccinee factors (age and sex, the latter the subject of this review)
2523. Papanicolaou screening behavior in mothers and human papillomavirus vaccine uptake in adolescent girls.
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- We used logistic regression models to detect associations between mothers' history of Pap tests and abnormal results, genital or anal warts, and other sexually transmitted infections and daughters' HPV vaccine initiation and 3-DOSE regimen completion
2524. Egg allergy in childhood: an update.
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- It remains unclear whether the ongoing low-DOSE exposure to egg proteins in cooked foods improves the natural history of egg allergy.
2525. Use of quantitative real-time PCR for studying the dissemination of Leptospira interrogans in the guinea pig infection model of leptospirosis.
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2526. Randomized study of early versus late immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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- We performed a multicenter, randomized, noninferiority study involving 158 patients from 13 European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation centers who were randomly allocated at approximately 100 days after myeloablative stem cell transplantation to receive a series of vaccinations (3 DOSEs of PCV7 given 1 month apart) that was started immediately (i.e., 3 months after transplantation) or 6 months later (i.e., 9 months after transplantation)
- The primary evaluation criterion was the rate of response (antibody level, > or = 0.15 microg/mL for each of the 7 serotypes) at 1 month after the third DOSE of PCV7
2527. MVA.85A boosting of BCG and an attenuated, phoP deficient M. tuberculosis vaccine both show protective efficacy against tuberculosis in rhesus macaques.
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- tuberculosis with a disrupted phoP gene (SO2) as a single-DOSE vaccine
2528. Insights into long-lasting protection induced by RTS,S/AS02A malaria vaccine: further results from a phase IIb trial in Mozambican children.
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- Participants were randomly allocated to receive three DOSEs of RTS,S/AS02A or control vaccines
- On the other hand, the long-term protection against clinical disease observed in cohort 1 may be a consequence of a prolonged exposure to low-DOSE blood-stage asexual parasitaemia
2529. A randomized controlled trial [corrected] administration of tetanus toxoid (TT) versus tetanus and reduced diphtheria (Td) in pregnant women.
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- Unimmunized women received two random DOSEs of either TT or Td 8 weeks apart during their pregnancy
- Outpatient follow-up for adverse reactions occurred at the third day after each vaccine DOSE as either local effects such as pain, redness, and swelling or systematic effects such as fever, malaise, and headache or body aches which was served as primary safety endpoint
- The first sample was collected immediately before the first DOSE, the second before the second DOSE, and the third sample 1 week after delivery
- A total of 122 pregnant women received two ordinary DOSEs with interDOSE intervals within the allowable range and three blood samples were collected in each protocol analysis (62 in the TT group and 60 in the Td group)
- There was no statistically significant difference between groups in the percentage of reporting a primary safety endpoint (fever, malaise, body ache, headache) or local reactions at the site of injection as redness and swelling, at third day after each DOSE
- While in the Td group, after DOSEs I and II, there was significant reporting pain at injection site as compared with TT group, home visits clinical examination revealed that the mothers and children were normal on in both groups
- In all women in the two groups, protective immunity for tetanus was acquired, which reflected in neutralization of antibodies at titer (>0.10 IU/ml) after complete vaccination; however, the tetanus geometric mean titers postDOSEs I and II were significantly higher in TT vaccines group (P < 0.001)
- The postvaccination seroprotection titer (>0.10 IU/ml) in diphtheria was significantly higher in Td group than the TT group; diphtheria geometric mean titers of postDOSE II were significantly higher in Td vaccines as compared to the other group (P < 0.0001)
2530. Effectiveness of Jeryl Lynn-containing vaccine in Spanish children.
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- Some 70% of cases had received one DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, and 24% had received two DOSEs
- Two DOSEs were more effective (83%; 54-94%) than a single DOSE (66%; 25-85%)
- Among vaccinated children, risk was higher in those who had received the first DOSE after 36 months of age (OR=3.1; 1.2-8.4) and those who had received the second DOSE 3 or more years before study enrolment (OR=10.2; 1.5-70.7)
- Early waning of immunity in children after the second DOSE may contribute to reduced vaccine effectiveness for mumps prevention.
2531. Hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccination responses in persons with chronic hepatitis C infections: A review of the evidence and current recommendations.
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- Organizations recommend HAV and HBV vaccines for persons with chronic HCV, but do not suggest alterations in schedule or DOSE
2532. Trend and inequality in immunization dropout among young children in Cambodia.
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- We define an 'immunization dropout' as a child who has received at least one DOSE of trivalent vaccine against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT), but failed to receive his or her third DOSE to complete the schedule before 12 months of age
- In 2000, the children of the lowest wealth quintile were almost three times as likely as the children of the highest wealth quintile not to complete the third DOSE of DPT (Odds Ratios [OR] = 2.92, P = 0.001)
2533. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in Asia: when East meets West.
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- With the recommended 'standard DOSE and duration treatment regimens', SVR is achieved in Asia for around 70% of HCV genotype 1 (HCV-1) infected cases, approximately 90% of HCV-2/3, approximately 65% of HCV-4, and approximately 80% of HCV-6 patients
- Beyond the older recommendations, an abbreviated 24-week regimen could be suggested for HCV-1/4 patients with baseline viral loads < 400 000 IU/mL and a rapid virological response (RVR, HCV RNA undetectable at week 4), and an abbreviated 12-16 weeks of pegylated-interferon with weight-based DOSEs of ribavirin could be suggested for HCV-2/3 patients with a RVR
2534. [Investigation of antibody levels following rabies vaccination in the subjects who were biten by animals].
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- Five-DOSE vaccination programme (on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 30) was applied to 20 cases and four-DOSE programme (on days 0, 2, 7, 21) was applied to 115 cases
- While the titer of IgG antibodies were within the protective limits (positive, > or = 0.5 IU/ml) in 116 (62.4%) of the 186 cases who were given two or more DOSEs of HDCV, the titer was below the protective level (negative) in 70 (37.6%) of the cases
- Although the rates of IgG positivity in two and three DOSE vaccine applied group (54.5% and 55.1%, respectively) were lower than the rates in four and five DOSE applied group (64.3% and 70%, respectively), the difference was not statistically significant (p> 0.05)
2535. Prevention of rotavirus disease: updated guidelines for use of rotavirus vaccine.
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- In February 2006, a live oral human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RV5 [RotaTeq]) was licensed as a 3-DOSE series for use in infants in the United States
- In April 2008, a live, oral, human attenuated rotavirus vaccine (RV1 [Rotarix]) was licensed as a 2-DOSE series for use in infants in the United States
- RV5 is to be administered orally in a 3-DOSE series with DOSEs administered at 2, 4, and 6 months of age; RV1 is to be administered orally in a 2-DOSE series with DOSEs administered at 2 and 4 months of age
- The first DOSE of rotavirus vaccine should be administered from 6 weeks through 14 weeks, 6 days of age
- The minimum interval between DOSEs of rotavirus vaccine is 4 weeks
- All DOSEs should be administered by 8 months, 0 days of age
- Recommendations in this statement also address the maximum ages for DOSEs, contraindications, precautions, and special situations for administration of rotavirus vaccine.
2536. Efficacy of recombinant anthrax vaccine against Bacillus anthracis aerosol spore challenge: preclinical evaluation in rabbits and Rhesus monkeys.
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- A DOSE-ranging study was performed in which it became evident that the level of anti-PA IgG and toxin-neutralizing antibody titer was directly proportional to the DOSE of rPA administered
- Revaccination of primed animals with the same threshold DOSE yielded a robust and rapid secondary response
- In spite of a weak priming response, the secondary response in rabbits peaked earlier than that in macaques once the booster DOSE was administered
- Importantly, 100% protection was seen for the dosage groups that received > or = 25 microg rPA, following a challenge against a target DOSE of 1000 LD(50) of aerosolized spores of Bacillus anthracis.
2537. Live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine, RIX4414, provides clinical protection in infants against rotavirus strains with and without shared G and P genotypes: integrated analysis of randomized controlled trials.
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- : The 2-DOSE, oral live attenuated human G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) is highly effective against rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by circulating G1 and non-G1 types
- : Two DOSEs of RIX4414 provide overall good clinical protection against all cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis and comparable, high clinical protection against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by circulating rotavirus strains with and without G and P genotypes shared with the vaccine strain, such as G2P[4].
2538. A novel vaccine adjuvant for recombinant flu antigens.
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- Single-DOSE vaccination and prime/boost vaccinations with JVRS-100-H1 were both shown to be protective (i.e., survival, reduced weight loss) following H1N1 (PR/8/34) virus challenge
- Enhanced immunological responses could be critically important for improved efficacy and DOSE-sparing of a recombinant influenza vaccine.
2539. Real-time PCR for the early detection and quantification of Coxiella burnetii as an alternative to the murine bioassay.
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- Real-time PCR and the mouse bioassay exhibited no statistical difference in quantifying the number of microorganisms delivered in the aerosol challenge DOSE
2540. Neonate exposure to thimerosal mercury from hepatitis B vaccines.
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- Because of the particular timing (transitioning from in utero to ex utero metabolism) and specific aspects of exposure (i.e., parenteral mode, bypassing gastroenteric barriers) and DOSE (related to vaccine manufacturer and with variation in birth weight), this study reveals critical issues that can modulate toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of organomercurials in neonates.
2541. [Surveillance of Haemophilus Influenzae meningitis in children in France, 2001-2006].
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- Increase of vaccine coverage and use of an earlier booster DOSE at the age of 12 months could further improve the epidemiology of Hib meningitis
2542. Five-year safety and immunogenicity of GlaxoSmithKline's candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS02 following administration to semi-immune adult men living in a malaria-endemic region of The Gambia.
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- In the primary study men aged 18 to 45 years were randomized to receive either RTS,S/AS02 or rabies vaccine at 0, 1, 5 months followed by a booster DOSE at month 19
2543. The antitumor and immunoadjuvant effects of IFN-alpha in combination with recombinant poxvirus vaccines.
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- We identified a DOSE and schedule of IFN-alpha that induced a locoregional expansion of the draining inguinal lymph nodes and improved cellular cytotoxicity (natural killer and CD8(+)) and antigen presentation
2544. Randomized clinical trial comparing hepatitis B vaccine administered by 0, 6 and 14 week versus 6, 10 and 14 week schedule in healthy infants.
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- Serum anti-HBs antibody titer was measured before the first DOSE and 6 months after the third DOSE by laboratory personnel blinded to the intervention
- At 6 months after the third DOSE sero-conversion was 100% in both groups
2545. Blood stage malaria vaccine eliciting high antigen-specific antibody concentrations confers no protection to young children in Western Kenya.
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- falciparum malaria (temperature >/=37.5 degrees C with asexual parasitaemia of >/=50,000 parasites/microL of blood) occurring between 14 days and six months after a third DOSE
- 374 of 400 children received all three DOSEs and completed six months of follow-up
2546. Protective immunity in mice achieved with dry powder formulation and alternative delivery of plague F1-V vaccine.
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- By intramuscular injection, the reconstituted powder induced serum antibody responses and provided protection against lethal subcutaneous challenge with 1,000 50% lethal DOSEs of Y
- Overall, microneedle-based intradermal delivery was shown to be similar in efficacy to intramuscular injection, while intranasal administration required an extra DOSE of vaccine to achieve similar protection
2547. Induction of long-term protective immune responses by influenza H5N1 virus-like particles.
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- Mice immunized intranasally with H5N1 VLPs developed high levels of H5N1 specific antibodies and were 100% protected against a high DOSE of homologous H5N1 virus infection at 30 weeks after immunization
2548. The effect of infliximab and timing of vaccination on the humoral response to influenza vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
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- Split-virion inactivated vaccine containing 15 mug hemagglutinin/DOSE of each of A/New Caledionan/20/1999 (H1N1), A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2), and B/Malaysia/2506/2004 (M) was used
2549. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in rhesus monkeys of a recombinant ORF2 protein from hepatitis E virus genotype 4.
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- Two DOSEs (40 microg) of alum-absorbed T1-ORF2 capsid protein were administered 4 weeks apart
- Seroconversion occurred in all immunized monkeys 1-2 weeks after the first DOSE
- The peak levels of anti-HEV IgG appeared at 2-3 weeks after the second DOSE and ranged from 5.7 to 196.0 U/ml
- All monkeys showed an anamnestic antibody response to the second DOSE
2550. The impact of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV; types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine on infection and disease due to oncogenic nonvaccine HPV types in sexually active women aged 16-26 years.
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- All subjects who received 1 DOSE and returned for follow-up were included
2551. [Effect on anti-pertussis antibodies of reducing the amount of Japanese Diphteria-Pertussis-Tetanus vaccine among adults].
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- Reducing the Japanese DPT vaccine DOSE to 0.2 mL in the hope of minimizing adverse events, we studied its efficacy and safety
- We nearly equalized diphteria and tetanus antigenic titers to a 0.1 mL DOSE of diphteria-tetanus bivalent vaccine--the booster DOSE regularly used in Japan--containing anti-FHA antibody titers similar to effective pertussis vaccines approved in the US
- A Japanese DPT vaccine DOSE of 0.2 mL thus proved effective against pertussis in adults.
2552. Effector memory T cell responses are associated with protection of rhesus monkeys from mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus challenge.
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- Compared to control rhesus macaques, these vaccinated rhesus macaques showed increased resistance to acquisition of progressive SIVmac239 infection upon repeated limiting-DOSE intrarectal challenge, including four macaques who controlled rectal mucosal infection without progressive systemic dissemination
2553. Kinetics of immune responses to influenza virus-like particles and dose-dependence of protection with a single vaccination.
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- In this study, we have investigated the detailed kinetics of immune responses and protective efficacy after a single intranasal immunization with different DOSEs of VLPs alone or in the presence of an Escherichia coli mutant heat-labile enterotoxin [mLT(R192G)] or cholera toxin subunit B as adjuvants
- Analysis of immune responses showed differential kinetics in a VLP antigen DOSE-dependent manner and dynamic changes in the ratios of antibody immunoglobulin G isotypes over the time course
- Our results are informative for a better understanding of the protective immunity induced by a single DOSE or two DOSEs of influenza VLPs, which is dependent on antigen dosage and the presence of adjuvant, and will provide insights into designing effective vaccines based on VLPs.
2554. Pertussis outbreak in primary and secondary schools in Ludwigslust, Germany demonstrating the role of waning immunity.
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- Results suggested waning immunity beginning approximately 5 years after the last DOSE of pertussis vaccination
2555. Observations on the use of GonaCon in captive female elk (Cervus elaphus).
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- The results indicated that either DOSE of GonaCon prevented pregnancy of elk cows for at least 3 yr
2556. Vaccine therapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
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2557. Flu vaccination with a virosomal vaccine does not affect clinical course and immunological parameters in scleroderma patients.
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- This study evaluates efficacy, clinical safety and immune effects of the administration of a single DOSE of a virosomal flu vaccine in 46 scleroderma patients
2558. Is the vaccination coverage established enough to control pertussis, or it is a re-emerging disease?
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- Of the total vaccine status documented, 59 (73.8%) patients had received at least one DOSE
2559. Reverse genetics of measles virus and resulting multivalent recombinant vaccines: applications of recombinant measles viruses.
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- The known assets, such as the small genome size of the vector in comparison to DNA viruses proposed as vectors, the extensive clinical experience of attenuated MV as vaccine with a proven record of high safety and efficacy, and the low production cost per vaccination DOSE are thus favorably complemented.
2560. Protection afforded by live attenuated SIV is associated with rapid killing kinetics of CTLs.
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- A feature of the effectiveness of live attenuated vaccines is their ability to control high DOSE challenge viruses early, without a large peak of acute viraemia
2561. Co-immunization with IL-15 enhances cellular immune responses induced by a vif-deleted simian immunodeficiency virus proviral DNA vaccine and confers partial protection against vaginal challenge with SIVmac251.
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- Furthermore, these animals demonstrated a sustained suppression of plasma virus loads after multiple low DOSE vaginal challenges with pathogenic SIVmac251
2562. Long-term efficacy of plasma-derived and recombinant hepatitis B vaccines in a rural township of Central Taiwan.
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- Students with undetectable HBsAg and anti-HBs underwent a booster DOSE (2.5ug) of recombinant HB vaccine (Engerix-B; GlaxoSmithKline, Rixensart, Belgium) and had anti-HBs re-checked 3 weeks later
- Individuals who had remained undetectable for anti-HBs completed the other two DOSEs of HB vaccines at 1 and 6 months later
- After a booster DOSE, the positive rates of anti-HBs increased up to 80.5% (16% increase) in Group I, 81.0% (36.9% increase) in Group II, and 94.4% (58.4% increase) in Group III
- A total of 110 non-responders completed 3 DOSEs of catch-up HB vaccination, but 3 cases (2.7%) of Group II, evoked primary vaccination response
- Recombinant vaccine showed predominant disappearance rate (62.7%) of anti-HBs 12-15 years after vaccination, but provided better anamnestic response after a booster DOSE
2563. Active immunization using exotoxin A confers protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a mouse burn model.
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- The remainder (48 mice) were challenged with a lethal DOSE of P
2564. Alphavirus-adjuvanted norovirus-like particle vaccines: heterologous, humoral, and mucosal immune responses protect against murine norovirus challenge.
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- Inclusion of alphavirus adjuvants in the inoculum significantly augmented VLP-induced systemic and mucosal immunity compared to the responses induced by low-DOSE CpG DNA, validating the utility of such adjuvants with VLP antigens
2565. Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains Danish and Pasteur in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) experimentally challenged with Mycobacterium bovis.
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- DOSE of 10(7) CFU of M
- DOSE of 10(7) CFU of M
2566. Pneumococcal antibodies in a child with type 14 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine failure.
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- We measured the concentration, opsonic activity, and avidity of serotype-specific serum antibodies in a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PnCRM7) efficacy trial participant who contracted serotype 14 pneumococcal bacteremia following DOSE 3 of PnCRM7
- The child had no booster response to a fourth DOSE of PnCRM7 for most vaccine serotypes
2567. Immune response to measles vaccine in 6 month old infants in Papua New Guinea.
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- To assess the efficacy of the current measles immunization schedule in Papua New Guinea, which is to give the first DOSE at 6 months of age and the second at 9 months
- Humoral immune response study of 140 Papua New Guinean infants at 6 months of age, measuring measles IgG antibodies by enzyme immunoassay before and 85 days after the 6-month DOSE of measles vaccine
- Issues to be considered in determining the value of the first DOSE of measles vaccination in mid infancy in poor countries are complex and antibody responses are only one factor
2568. Diarrhea as a minor adverse effect due to oral polio vaccine.
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- We compared the first-OPV DOSE vaccination group as well as the second-OPV DOSE vaccination group to the health check-up group
2569. Vaccination in adults with auto-immune disease and/or drug related immune deficiency: results of the GEVACCIM Delphi survey.
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- There is no contraindication to administering LVV in patients receiving systemic corticosteroids prescribed for less than two weeks, regardless of their DOSE, or at a daily DOSE not exceeding 10mg of prednisone, if this involves prolonged treatment
2570. Pneumonic plague pathogenesis and immunity in Brown Norway rats.
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- Both were highly effective vaccines because complete protection was observed at challenge DOSEs of 7500 LD(50)
2571. Protective antigen composite nanofibers as a transdermal anthrax vaccine.
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- The currently utilized human anthrax vaccine, which confers immunity through the host antibody recognition of protective antigen (PA), requires a three DOSE regimen and annual booster shots after the initial vaccination to maintain its efficacy
2572. Cost-effectiveness of Rotavirus vaccination in Vietnam.
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- Under base-case assumptions (94% coverage and $5 per DOSE), the incremental cost per DALY averted from vaccination compared to no vaccination would be $540 from the societal perspective and $550 from the health care system perspective
2573. The cost-burden of paediatric pneumococcal disease in Sweden and the potential cost-effectiveness of prevention using 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine.
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- A cost-effectiveness model was used to estimate the change in disease burden that might be expected if PCV7 was included as part of the routine 3-DOSE vaccination schedule in Sweden
2574. Safety and efficacy of vaccination of seronegative bulls with modified-live, cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses.
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- Seronegative, peri-pubertal bulls were vaccinated subcutaneously with a standard DOSE of vaccine (n=11) or were maintained as unvaccinated controls (n=11)
2575. Efficacy and immunogenicity of Mycobacterium bovis DeltaRD1 against aerosol M. bovis infection in neonatal calves.
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- bovis bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) against low DOSE, aerosol challenge with virulent M
2576. Estimating the cost-effectiveness of vaccination against herpes zoster in England and Wales.
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- Including a booster DOSE at a later age is unlikely to be cost-effective.
2577. Rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix): a review of its use in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis.
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- Protective efficacy was evident over the period (2 months) between the first and second DOSEs of vaccine, and the protection afforded by the full two-DOSE course was sustained for at least 2 years, the limit to which efficacy was assessed
2578. Increased in vivo immunological potency of HB-110, a novel therapeutic HBV DNA vaccine, by electroporation.
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- These results may provide a rationale to reduce the clinical DOSE and increase the interval between the DOSEs in the multiDOSE vaccination schedule
2579. Prediction of merozoite surface protein 1 and apical membrane antigen 1 vaccine efficacies against Plasmodium chabaudi malaria based on prechallenge antibody responses.
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- Vaccine formulations were varied with regard to the antigen DOSE, the antigen conformation, and the adjuvant used
2580. Two Highly Immunized Hilly Areas versus Double Measles Outbreak Investigations in District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India, in 2006.
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- We recommended (i) second DOSE opportunity for measles in Himachal Pradesh and (ii) vitamin A supplementation to all the case patients.
2581. [Baylisascariasis--a new dangerous zoonosis].
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- procyonis make it a feasible bioterrorist agent, because eggs can survive in the environment for extended periods of time, and the infectious DOSE of B
2582. Intradermal vaccination of pigs against FMD with 1/10 dose results in comparable vaccine efficacy as intramuscular vaccination with a full dose.
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- When compared with pigs that were IM vaccinated with a full DOSE vaccine with a standard antigen payload, pigs vaccinated ID with 1/10 DOSE of the same vaccine were equally protected against clinical disease and subclinical virus shedding
- We conclude that the ID route might be a good alternative for IM application, as ID application might induce a very efficient immunological response against FMD and, moreover, because the DOSE required by the ID route is lower compared to the IM route, ID application may reduce the production costs per DOSE of FMD vaccine markedly.
2583. Recombinant fowlpox virus vector-based vaccine completely protects chickens from H5N1 avian influenza virus.
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- Four-week old SPF chickens vaccinated with one DOSE of vaccine containing 2 x 10(3) plaque forming units (PFU) of virus were completely protected from H5N1 AI virus 1 week after vaccination, and protective immunity lasted for at least 40 weeks
- Two-week old commercial layer chickens were vaccinated with the rFPV-HA-NA vaccine and boosted with the same DOSE of vaccine following an interval of 18 weeks
2584. [Mumps--effect of immunizations on epidemiological situation].
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- After 2006, after introduction second mumps vaccine DOSE for children at age 10 years in polish routine national immunization program, particularly will be exposure to risk of mumps infection and mumps complications unvaccinated and seronegatived aged in 1985-1995.
2585. [Efficacy of vaccination against hepatitis A in HIV infected adults from Lodz region--preliminary report].
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- Good response (detectable anti-HAV-T 1 month after booster DOSE) was obtained in 73,0% patients
2586. Enhancement of immunotherapeutic effects of HPV16E7 on cervical cancer by fusion with CTLA4 extracellular region.
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- C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice immunized with low DOSE of the fusion protein (10 microg) produced higher titer antibody and stronger specific CTL response, and expressed higher levels of IFN-gamma and IL-12, compared with those immunized with HPVml6E7 only or admixture of HPVml6E7 and CTLA4, or PBS; and were protected from lethal DOSE tumor challenge
2587. A two-dose regimen of a vaccine against type III secreted proteins reduced Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization of the terminal rectum in beef cattle in commercial feedlots.
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- A large-scale clinical vaccine trial of commercially fed cattle was conducted to test the efficacy of a two-DOSE regimen of a vaccine product against type III secreted proteins of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the probability to detect the same organism from terminal rectal mucosa (TRM) as a measure of gut colonization
- We concluded that the two-DOSE vaccine regimen effectively reduced the probability for E
2588. Efficacy and safety of measles, mumps, rubella and varicella live viral vaccines in transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive drugs.
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- The review identified 6 case series and 2 case reports describing 114 solid organ transplant recipients and one case series describing 27 bone marrow transplant recipients who had received a combined total of 206 DOSEs of live varicella, measles, mumps, or rubella vaccine while on immunosuppression
- Post-immunization titers were in the immune range in 109 of the 171 situations where they were measured following a single DOSE of vaccine (64%) and in 15 of 22 situations following 2 DOSEs (68%)
2589. Comparison of efficacy of commercial one dose and two dose PCV2 vaccines using a mixed PRRSV-PCV2-SIV clinical infection model 2-3-months post vaccination.
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- The study objectives were to compare the duration of immunity of commercially available, one and two DOSE, killed porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccines
- Sixty, 3.5-week-old pigs were randomly divided into six treatment groups: one DOSE vaccines (FDAH-1, BIVI-1), two DOSE vaccines (Intervet-2, FDAH-2), and non-vaccinated negative and positive controls
- Tissue homogenate challenge was conducted 63 (two DOSEs) or 84 (one DOSE) days post vaccination
- Viremia was reduced by 78.5% in pigs vaccinated with one DOSE and by 97.1% in pigs vaccinated with two DOSE products and overall microscopic lymphoid lesions were reduced by 78.7% and 81.8%, respectively.
2590. A prime/boost DNA/Modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine expressing recombinant Leishmania DNA encoding TRYP is safe and immunogenic in outbred dogs, the reservoir of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis.
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- In a cohort of 22 uninfected outbred dogs, blinded randomised administration of 1000 microg (high DOSE) or 100 microg (low DOSE) DNA prime (day 0) and 1x10(8)pfu MVA boost (day 28) was shown to be safe and showed no clinical side effects
- High DOSE DNA/MVA vaccinated TRYP dogs produced statistically higher mean levels of the type-1 pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma than controls in whole blood assays (WBA) stimulated with the recombinant vaccine antigen TRYP, up to the final sampling at day 126, and in the absence of challenge with Leishmania
2591. Efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine in children: A meta-analysis of nine randomized clinical trials.
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- Relative to placebo, year 1 VE for two DOSEs in vaccine-naïve young children was 77% (95% CI: 72%, 80%; P<0.001) against antigenically similar strains and 72% against strains regardless of antigenic similarity
- Year 1 VE of one DOSE against antigenically similar strains in vaccine-naive children was 60%; efficacy of one DOSE in previously vaccinated children in year 2 of the various studies was 87%
- In head-to-head trials comparing two DOSEs of TIV and LAIV, vaccine-naïve children who received two DOSEs of LAIV experienced 46% fewer cases of influenza illness caused by antigenically similar strains
- Similarly, for studies including older children who had been previously vaccinated, those receiving one LAIV DOSE experienced 35% fewer cases of influenza illness than those receiving one TIV DOSE
2592. [Acute otitis media in the era of pneumococcal vaccination].
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- High-DOSE amoxicillin is the treatment of choice for AOM, but the increase of H
2593. Does pegylated interferon alpha-2b confer additional benefit in the adjuvant treatment of high-risk melanoma?
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- High-DOSE interferon (IFN)alpha-2b has shown benefits in the adjuvant treatment of melanoma, but relapse-free and overall survival remain poor, despite the use of chemotherapy, vaccines, and combinations of these modalities
- Questions remain in relation to the relative importance of DOSE, route and duration of immunotherapy needed to prevent relapse and improve survival
2594. Response to booster hepatitis B vaccines in liver-transplanted children primarily vaccinated in infancy.
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- The four patients who failed the first booster responded well to the second DOSE
- Primary HBV vaccination or the booster DOSE(s) of HBV vaccine could provide adequate humoral and cellular immunity in children with LT.
2595. Agreement of efficacy assessments for five-grass pollen sublingual tablet immunotherapy.
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- The optimal DOSE of five-grass pollen sublingual tablet immunotherapy (SLIT) was established recently by the primary criteria Rhinoconjunctivitis Total Symptom Score (RTSS) from the first treatment season
- Both 300IR and 500IR DOSEs significantly reduced mean RTSS at pollen peak (P = 0.0005 and P = 0.0014, respectively) and the exploratory combined score (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0026, respectively) compared with placebo
- Compared with patients in the placebo group, those who were taking the 300IR and 500IR DOSEs reported significantly improved quality of life using the mean Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire scores during the peak of the pollen season (P < 0.0001) and at the end of the pollen season (P = 0.0031 and P < or = 0.0001, respectively)
- Specific immunoglobulin G4 increased significantly depending on the SLIT DOSE (P < 0.0001)
- All secondary efficacy criteria, including efficacy at pollen peak, combined score, quality of life and immunological changes, indicate that 300IR tablets represent the optimal DOSE and suggest it is appropriate for use in clinical practice.
2596. In vitro efficacy of ST246 against smallpox and monkeypox.
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- In a DOSE-dependent manner, plaque size and comet tail formation were markedly reduced in the presence of the drug at low, noncytotoxic concentrations between 0.015 and 0.05 microM
2597. Efficacy of measles, mumps and rubella revaccination in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with methotrexate and etanercept.
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- To evaluate the influence of low-DOSE MTX and etanercept treatment on efficacy of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) revaccination in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- A prospective nested case-control study was performed to investigate markers of MMR revaccination induced humoral and cell-mediated immunity in 15 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (ages 6-17 yrs), treated with either low-DOSE MTX therapy alone or in combination with etanercept
- Low-DOSE MTX therapy following MMR vaccination proved not to hamper T-cell mediated immunity in vitro
- Neither low-DOSE MTX nor etanercept treatment, given simultaneously with revaccination, markedly interfered with generation of long-lived virus-restricted T cells and protective levels of virus-specific IgG antibodies
- Low-DOSE MTX and etanercept treatment do not seem to interfere with intended outcome of MMR revaccination in children with JIA.
2598. Construction and characterization of a single-cycle chimeric flavivirus vaccine candidate that protects mice against lethal challenge with dengue virus type 2.
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- These mice produced DOSE-dependent DENV2-neutralizing antibody responses when vaccinated with RepliVAX D2.2
- When challenged with 240 50% lethal DOSEs of DENV2, mice given a single inoculation of RepliVAX D2.2 survived significantly longer than sham-vaccinated animals, although some of these severely immunocompromised mice eventually died from the challenge
2599. The Effects of radiation on the safety and protective efficacy of an attenuated Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite malaria vaccine.
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- An important step was to determine the minimum DOSE of irradiation required to adequately attenuate each sporozoite
- Next we demonstrated that immunization of mice intravenously with 3 DOSEs of 750 PySPZ that had received 200 Gy, double the radiation DOSE required for attenuation, resulted in 100% protection
- These results support the contention that a radiation attenuated sporozoite vaccine for malaria will be safe and effective at a range of radiation DOSEs.
2600. Studies of SARS virus vaccines.
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- A single DOSE of RBD-rAAV vaccination can induce adequate neutralising antibody against SARS-CoV infection
- Additional DOSEs of vaccine increased the production of neutralising antibody 5-fold compared with a single DOSE
2601. Active and passive immunizations with Bordetella colonization factor A protect mice against respiratory challenge with Bordetella bronchiseptica.
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2602. Safety and immunogenicity of RTS,S/AS02D malaria vaccine in infants.
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- In this phase 2B, single-center, double-blind, controlled trial involving 340 infants in Bagamoyo, Tanzania, we randomly assigned 340 infants to receive three DOSEs of either the RTS,S/AS02D vaccine or the hepatitis B vaccine at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age
- During the 6-month period after the third DOSE of vaccine, the efficacy of the RTS,S/AS02D vaccine against first infection with P
2603. RotaTeq: a three-dose oral pentavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine.
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- The 3-DOSE oral pentavalent RV vaccine (RotaTeq), consisting of serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4 and P1A[8], was licensed in the USA in 2006
- The first DOSE should be administered between the ages of 6 and 12 weeks and the third DOSE should be given before the age of 32 weeks (USA) or 26 weeks (Europe)
2604. Enhanced and enduring protection against tuberculosis by recombinant BCG-Ag85C and its association with modulation of cytokine profile in lung.
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- The enduring protection observed in this study gives enough reason to postulate that if an open-ended study is carried out with low DOSE of infection, rBCG85C vaccine in all likelihood would show enhanced survival of guinea pigs.
2605. Evaluation of the efficacy of a recombinant subunit West Nile vaccine in Syrian golden hamsters.
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- A challenge DOSE of wild-type WN virus was administered to produce 40-100% mortality in the control hamsters
- The survival rate was significantly (P<0.05) higher in animals vaccinated with a higher DOSE of WN-80E than a lower DOSE
2606. Improved efficacy of a tolerizing DNA vaccine for reversal of hyperglycemia through enhancement of gene expression and localization to intracellular sites.
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- The efficacy of the DNA vaccine was enhanced by increasing the level of expression of the encoded Ag, more frequent dosing, increasing DOSE level, and localization of the protein product to the intracellular compartment
2607. The Brucella abortus S19 DeltavjbR live vaccine candidate is safer than S19 and confers protection against wild-type challenge in BALB/c mice when delivered in a sustained-release vehicle.
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- BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with either encapsulated or nonencapsulated S19 DeltavjbR::Kan at a DOSE of 1 x 10(5) CFU per animal to evaluate immunogenicity, safety, and protective efficacy
- Finally, a single DOSE with the encapsulated mutant conferred higher levels of protection compared to the nonencapsulated vaccine
2608. A population-based, postlicensure evaluation of the safety of a combination diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, and inactivated poliovirus vaccine in a large managed care organization.
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- From April 2003 through June 2005, we identified 61,004 infants who received >or=1 DOSE of vaccine (120000 total DOSEs)
- This group was compared with a previous cohort of 58,251 age-, gender-, and medical center-matched infants (116,637 DOSEs) who received diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine and separate DOSEs of hepatitis B and inactivated poliovirus vaccines from January 2002 through March 2003
- We identified 16 infants (8 with fever) who had a seizure in the diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, inactivated poliovirus cohort and 15 infants (6 with fever) among control subjects in the 8-day period after receipt of any DOSE of vaccine
- The incidence of medically attended events that were associated with fever in the 4-day period after any DOSE of vaccine was also similar in both cohorts
- As well, no significant differences between the diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, inactivated poliovirus and control cohorts, were noted in the incidence of allergic reactions within 48 hours of any DOSE of vaccine, outpatient visits within 21 days, hospitalizations within 21 days, or death within 1 year
2609. Augmentation of alphavirus vector-induced human papilloma virus-specific immune and anti-tumour responses by co-expression of interleukin-12.
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- Depending on the DOSE and schedule, SFV-IL12 stimulated antigen-specific CTL responses elicited upon immunisation with recombinant SFV expressing HPV16-E6E7 (SFVeE6,7)
- SFVeE6,7-CTL and anti-tumour activity were enhanced by a low DOSE of SFV-IL12 to the prime immunisation
2610. Immunogenicity and safety of a tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and three-component acellular pertussis vaccine in adults 19-64 years of age.
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- 2284 healthy adults, aged 19-64 years, were randomized to receive a single DOSE of Tdap vaccine, either Tdap3v or a five-pertussis component Tdap vaccine (Adacel, Tdap5v) licensed for adult use in the US
2611. Experimental evaluation of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines for emergency use in ruminants and pigs: a review.
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- Since field application of vaccine for emergency use has only rarely been applied, the effectiveness of single DOSE administration, as a control measure in an outbreak situation, is poorly understood
2612. Parvovirus outbreak in a kindergarten in a municipality in the north of Portugal, April-June 2008.
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- All children had received one DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and 60% had received two DOSEs
2613. Risk-adapted use of intravesical chemotherapy.
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2614. Double-dose hepatitis B vaccination in cirrhotic patients on a liver transplant waiting list.
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- Though a double-DOSE regimen is available, little is know about its effectiveness
- We examined the efficacy of double-DOSE hepatitis B virus vaccination in cirrhotic patients waiting for liver transplantation
- They were vaccinated with three DOSEs of 40 mg hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 1 and 6 months; the normal DOSE is 20 microg
- The vaccination scheme of 40 microg at 0, 1 and 6 months was superior to conventional vaccination DOSEs (20 microg) for cirrhotic patients on a waiting list for liver transplantation.
2615. Corticosteroid physiology and principles of therapy.
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- Besides having many important side effects, prolonged high DOSE systemic GC therapy has a suppressive effect on endogenous steroid production
- Patients with HPA axis suppression require physiological replacement of GC along with enhancement of DOSEs during periods of stress
- Due to its immunosuppressive effects, issues about safety and efficacy of live virus vaccines in patients receiving systemic high DOSE GC therapy must be borne in mind.
2616. Safety and efficacy of a novel microneedle device for dose sparing intradermal influenza vaccination in healthy adults.
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- Intradermal vaccine delivery has been shown to induce good immune responses with low vaccine DOSEs
- Study objectives were to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of low-DOSE intradermal (ID) influenza vaccines delivered using a novel microneedle device (MicronJet)
- Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either the full-DOSE standard flu shot (containing 15 microg hemagglutinin per strain) delivered intramuscularly using a conventional needle (IM group), a medium DOSE intradermal injection (6 microg hemagglutinin per strain) delivered with the MicronJet (ID2 group), or a low-DOSE intradermal injection (3 microg hemagglutinin per strain) delivered with the MicronJet (ID1 group)
- Low-DOSE influenza vaccines delivered intradermally using microneedles elicited immunogenic responses similar to those elicited by the full-DOSE intramuscular vaccination
2617. The optimal immunization procedure of DNA vaccine pcDNA-TA4-IL-2 of Eimeria tenella and its cross-immunity to Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria acervulina.
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- The immunization procedure of DNA vaccine pcDNA-TA4-IL-2 of Eimeria tenella, including route, DOSE, time of immunization and age of primary immunization of chicken, was optimized
- The results illustrated that 25 microg was the optimal DOSE and intramuscular injection was the most effective route to induce protective immunity
2618. Re: Can early single dose instillation of epirubicin improve bacillus calmette-guerin efficacy in patients with nonmuscle invasive high risk bladder cancer? Results from a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled study: T. Cai, G. Nesi, G. Tinacci, E. Zini, N. Mondaini, v. Boddi, s. Mazzoli and R. Bartoletti J Urol 2008; 180: 110-115.
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2619. Screening of small-molecule compounds as inhibitors of HCV entry.
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2620. Overcoming immunologic tolerance to melanoma: targeting CTLA-4 with ipilimumab (MDX-010).
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- While the optimal DOSE of ipilimumab has yet to be established, studies also indicate that higher DOSEs may be more effective
2621. Coadministration of cidofovir and smallpox vaccine reduced vaccination side effects but interfered with vaccine-elicited immune responses and immunity to monkeypox.
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- Here, we report that a single-DOSE vaccination regimen comprised of Dryvax and an antiviral agent, cidofovir, could reduce vaccinia viral loads after vaccination and significantly control Dryvax vaccination side effects
- Thus, the single-DOSE coadministration of cidofovir and Dryvax effectively controlled vaccination side effects but significantly compromised vaccine-elicited immune responses and vaccine-induced immunity to monkeypox.
2622. Efficacy of recombinant birch pollen vaccine for the treatment of birch-allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
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- Patients received 12 weekly injections followed by monthly injections of the maintenance DOSE containing 15 microg Bet v 1 for 2 years
2623. Role of CCL3L1-CCR5 genotypes in the epidemic spread of HIV-1 and evaluation of vaccine efficacy.
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- The modeling data indicate that in populations such as Pygmies with a high CCL3L1 gene DOSE and protective CCR5 genotypes, the spread of HIV might be minimal
2624. High-dose chemotherapy augments the efficacy of recombinant adenovirus vaccines and improves the therapeutic outcome.
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- We showed that the combination of vaccination with high-DOSE cyclophosphamide was able to skew the response toward the target antigen and enhanced both the quantity and quality of antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses in tumor-bearing mice, which resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth
- These data show that recombinant adenovirus vaccines are compatible with conventional high-DOSE chemotherapy and that the combined treatment results in improved therapeutic outcomes relative to either agent individually.
2625. Protection against lethal challenge by Ebola virus-like particles produced in insect cells.
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- Two immunizations with 50 microg Ebola VLPs (high DOSE) induced a high level of antibodies against Ebola GP that exhibited strong neutralizing activity against GP-mediated virus infection and conferred complete protection of vaccinated mice against lethal challenge by a high DOSE of mouse-adapted Ebola virus
- In contrast, two immunizations with 10 microg Ebola VLPs (low DOSE) induced 5-fold lower levels of antibodies against GP and these mice were not protected against lethal Ebola virus challenge, similar to control mice that were immunized with 50 microg SIV Gag VLPs
2626. Immunogenicity and immunoprotection of recombinant PEB1 in Campylobacter-jejuni-infected mice.
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2627. Sublingual immunotherapy: what have we learnt from the 'big trials'?
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- Effects were both allergen DOSE-dependent and time-dependent
2628. [WHO recommended pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies using Japanese rabies vaccine].
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- In Japan, pre-exposure prophylaxis for rabies consists of 3 DOSEs of cell-culture rabies vaccine
- The first two DOSEs are given 4 weeks apart, and the third DOSE is given 6-12 months after the first DOSE, all of which are injected subcutaneously (standard regimen)
- Therefore, it is virtually impossible to complete the 3 DOSE regimen for rabies in Japan
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis recommended by WHO consists of 3 DOSEs given intramuscularly on days 0, 7, and 28, making it possible to complete pre-exposure prophylaxis in one month
2629. [Safety and efficacy in two-dose vaccination using measles and rubella combined (MR) vaccine].
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- Measles and rubella combined (MR) vaccine and two-DOSE-vaccination have been used in Japan since 2006
- We intend to administer MR vaccine twice to Japanese children from 2011, so studied the safety and efficacy of two-DOSE MR vaccination
- In conclusion, two-DOSE MR vaccination should be safe and effective in eliminating measles and rubella in Japan.
2630. Murine antibody responses following systemic or mucosal immunization with viable or inactivated Vibrio cholerae.
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- A simplified two-DOSE schedule for intranasal immunization has been identified, whereby viable bacteria elicit strong serum responses and, most importantly, also induce significant, sustained intestinal IgA responses
- Using higher DOSEs of bacteria it was also possible to generate consistently high intestinal and serum anti-LPS responses by the oral route
2631. Phase I/II marker lesion study of intravesical BC-819 DNA plasmid in H19 over expressing superficial bladder cancer refractory to bacillus Calmette-Guerin.
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- We studied the safety and preliminary efficacy (marker tumor ablation) of 5 DOSEs of BC-819 given as 6 intravesical infusions in patients with superficial bladder cancer in whom intravesical therapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin had failed
- A total of 18 patients in 4 groups of 3 and 1 group of 6 received escalating DOSEs of BC-819 intravesically during 7 weeks
- The escalating DOSEs were 2, 4, 6, 12 and 20 mg plasmid per intravesical treatment
- No DOSE limiting toxicity was observed
- Intravesical BC-819 causes tumor ablation following intravesical administration at DOSEs that were well tolerated
2632. Effective depletion of regulatory T cells allows the recruitment of mesothelin-specific CD8 T cells to the antitumor immune response against a mesothelin-expressing mouse pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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- These peptides were then evaluated for recognition by vaccine-induced T cells from mice treated with vaccine in sequence with low-DOSE cyclophosphamide (CY) and an anti-CD25 IL-2Ralpha monoclonal antibody (PC61)
2633. HB vaccination in the prevention of viral reactivation in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients with previous HBV infection.
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- Out of the patients who underwent transplantation after 2003, 13 recipients were immunized by a standard three-DOSE regimen after immunosuppressant cessation (vaccine group), whereas 12 recipients were observed without any intervention (nonvaccine group)
2634. Universal influenza vaccination and live attenuated influenza vaccination of children.
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- One DOSE of LAIV is effective and gives almost immediate protection
2635. Protection with a recombinant Hc of Clostridium Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A from Escherichia coli as an effective subunit vaccine.
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- The mice, given twice or third subcutaneous vaccinations with a dosage of 1 microg AHc mixed with Freund adjuvant, were completely protected against an intraperitoneal administration of 1,000,000 50% lethal DOSEs (LD(50)) of neurotoxin serotype A
- A DOSE-response was observed in protective efficacy with increasing AHc dosage and number of vaccinations
2636. Immunotherapy for advanced melanoma.
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- Immunotherapy for melanoma has undergone significant change since the first attempts to treat patients with high DOSE IL-2
2637. Antibodies and cytokines independently protect against pneumonic plague.
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2638. Effectiveness of immunization against paralytic poliomyelitis in Nigeria.
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- We estimated the field efficacies of monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine and trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine, using the reported number of DOSEs received by people with poliomyelitis and by matched controls as identified in Nigeria's national surveillance database, in which 27,379 cases of acute flaccid paralysis were recorded between 2001 and 2007
- Our estimates of vaccine coverage and vaccine-induced immunity were based on the number of DOSEs received by children listed in the database who had paralysis that was not caused by poliovirus
- The estimated efficacies per DOSE of monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine and trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine against type 1 paralytic poliomyelitis were 67% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39 to 82) and 16% (95% CI, 10 to 21), respectively, and the estimated efficacy per DOSE of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine against type 3 paralytic poliomyelitis was 18% (95% CI, 9 to 26)
- In the northwestern region of Nigeria, which reported the majority of cases during the study period, coverage with at least one DOSE of vaccine increased from 59 to 78%
2639. Rotavirus vaccines: viral shedding and risk of transmission.
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- Immunocompromised contacts should be advised to avoid contact with stool from the immunised child if possible, particularly after the first vaccine DOSE for at least 14 days
2640. Head-to-head comparison of four nonadjuvanted inactivated cell culture-derived influenza vaccines: effect of composition, spatial organization and immunization route on the immunogenicity in a murine challenge model.
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- route and protected all mice against challenge at a DOSE of 5 microg
2641. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of rabies-infected Indian street dogs.
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- A rabies post-exposure prophylaxis study was carried out to examine the efficacy of two commercially available rabies vaccines and the efficacy of a 5- or 3-DOSE vaccination regime
- Both vaccines were found to be safe and effective in preventing rabies when inoculated intramuscularly applying the 5-DOSE regime (0, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days)
- Limited by space only one vaccine could also be tested in a 3-DOSE schedule
- Using this 3-DOSE regime (0, 5 and 28 days) Nobivac Rabies was also found to be safe and effective in preventing rabies
2642. Seroconversion of children following natural measles infection and vaccination.
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- The low sero-conversion rate obtained was due to low vaccine potency with titres ranging between (log10-10 - log10-2.5)TCID/per DOSE, besides non-specific antiviral substances exhibited virus neutralizing activity
2643. Immunological efficacy of a three-dose schedule of hepatitis A vaccine in HIV-infected adults: HEPAVAC study.
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- We evaluated the immunological efficacy and safety of a 3-DOSE schedule of hepatitis A vaccine in HIV-infected adults
- HAV-seronegative HIV-infected adults were randomized to receive either 3 DOSEs of 1440 UI of hepatitis A vaccine (HAVRIX; GlaxoSmithKline, Marly le Roi, France) at weeks 0, 4, and 24 (46 patients) or 2 DOSEs 24 weeks apart (49 patients)
- At week 28, seroconversion, defined as an anti-HAV antibody >or=20 mIU/mL, occurred in 82.6% and 69.4% of patients in the 3-DOSE and the 2-DOSE group, respectively (P = 0.13, intent-to-treat analysis, missing data = nonresponder), and in 88.4% and 72.3% of patients in the 3-DOSE and the 2-DOSE group, respectively (P = 0.06, observed analysis)
- Only 37.9% of patients experienced seroconversion after 1 vaccine DOSE (intent-to-treat analysis)
- Anti-HAV antibody geometric mean titers were 323 and 132 mIU/mL in the 3-DOSE group and 138 and 67 mIU/mL in the 2-DOSE group, respectively, 28 (P = 0.03) and 72 weeks (P = 0.05) after the first vaccine DOSE
- Three DOSEs of vaccine were safe and increased antibody titers.
2644. Evaluation of a recombinant Hc of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin serotype F as an effective subunit vaccine.
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- Mice that were given two or three vaccinations with a dosage of 1 or 10 microg of FHc were completely protected against an intraperitoneal administration of 20,000 50% lethal DOSEs (LD50) of BoNT/F
- A DOSE response was observed in both the antibody titer and the protective efficacy with increasing dosage of FHc and number of vaccinations
2645. Twenty-two years follow-up of a prospective randomized trial of hepatitis B vaccines without booster dose in children: final report.
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- Long-term immunogenicity and efficacy of HBVvaccination with different regimens of HBV vaccines (A: 2-DOSE recombinant vs
- B: 3-DOSE recombinant vs
- C: 3-DOSE plasma-derived vaccines) without booster DOSE were examined in 318 Chinese children
- In conclusion, the 3-DOSE regimens have a better long-term immunogenicity
- In terms of protection against HBV infection, the 2-DOSE and 3-DOSE vaccines had equal efficacies.
2646. Long-term protection of hepatitis B vaccine 18 years after vaccination.
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- Based on this study and others, a booster DOSE for the adult population appears to be unnecessary.
2647. Effects of a reduced dose schedule and intramuscular administration of anthrax vaccine adsorbed on immunogenicity and safety at 7 months: a randomized trial.
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- To determine the effects on serological responses and injection site adverse events (AEs) resulting from changing the route of administration of AVA from subcutaneous (s.q.) to intramuscular (i.m.) and omitting the week 2 DOSE from the licensed schedule
- route at 0, 2, and 4 weeks and 6 months (4-SQ or 4-IM; n = 165-170 per group) or at a reduced 3-DOSE schedule (3-IM; n = 501)
2648. Mannan-Abeta28 conjugate prevents Abeta-plaque deposition, but increases microhemorrhages in the brains of vaccinated Tg2576 (APPsw) mice.
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- Immunizations with low DOSEs of mannan-Abeta28 induced potent and long-lasting anti-Abeta humoral responses in Tg2576 mice
2649. Safety of intranasally administered archaeal lipid mucosal vaccine adjuvant and delivery (AMVAD) vaccine in mice.
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- Control groups were similarly immunized with 10-fold higher AMVAD vaccine DOSE (0.54 mg OVA and 21.7 mg lipid per kg), saline, 10 microg OVA in saline, or 0.04 or 0.4 mg lipid constituting empty AMVAD (no OVA) in saline, or were naive mice
- These results demonstrate that at 10-fold excess DOSE of that required for vaccine efficacy, intranasally administered AMVAD vaccine appears to be relatively safe.
2650. Electroporation at low voltages enables DNA vaccine to provide protection against a lethal H5N1 avian influenza virus challenge in mice.
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- One week after the booster had been given, the mice were challenged with a lethal DOSE of mouse-adapted H5N1 virus
2651. Pneumococcal meningitis during antiviral treatment with interferon and ribavirin in a splenectomized patient with chronic hepatitis C - do not miss vaccination before starting therapy.
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2652. [Tetanus in Poland in 2006].
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- 4 cases were unvaccinated, 3 received buster DOSE of vaccine less then 10 years before infection
2653. [Rubella in Poland in 2006].
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Harvard PubMed
- An improvement in diagnostic certainty of reported is necessary to assess the impact of 2-DOSE immunization implemented in 2003 on rubella epidemiology in Poland.
2654. [Mumps in Poland in 2006].
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- The decrease of mumps incidence in 2006 is related to high coverage of routine two-DOSE immunisation against measles, mumps and rubella, maintained since its implementation in 2003
- Since the immunisation schedule during 2003-2006 involved administration of MMR DOSEs at the ages of 2 and 10 years, a stable decrease of mumps incidence is expected after routine immunisation will cover the school age birth cohorts (6-14 year olds)
2655. First administration to humans of a monoclonal antibody cocktail against rabies virus: safety, tolerability, and neutralizing activity.
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- First, subjects received a single intramuscular DOSE of CL184 or placebo in a double blind, randomized, DOSE-escalation trial
- RVNA was detectable from day 1 to day 21 after a single DOSE of CL184 20 or 40IU/kg
2656. Treatment of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor secreting, allogeneic, cellular immunotherapy.
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- Patients were injected with an initial DOSE of 5 x 10(8) cells followed by 12 biweekly administrations of 1 x 10(8) cells
2657. Safety and effectiveness against respiratory tract infections for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine co-administered with routine vaccine combinations.
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- In this prospective epidemiological study in Germany, children between 2 and 6 months of age received in a 3:1 ratio a routine childhood vaccine combination with or without PCV7 according to a four-DOSE schedule
- Five thousand nine hundred and eighty-four children were evaluable 1 year after the booster DOSE
2658. Oral poliovirus vaccine in management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
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- OPV was administered in a DOSE of 4 drops at monthly intervals for 3 months to the study group while the control group received placebo
- The results were registered in 3 months after the last DOSE
2659. Two doses of measles vaccine: are some states in India ready for it?
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- We present the results of two surveys of measles outbreaks near Vellore, which perhaps supports the cause for introduction of a second DOSE of measles vaccine
- The low VE in school age children could be improved by introducing a second DOSE of measles vaccine.
2660. Assessment of different formulations of oral Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in rodent models for immunogenicity and protection against aerosol challenge with M. bovis.
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- Two different oral DOSEs of BCG were evaluated in each formulation for their protective efficacy in guinea pigs, while a single DOSE was evaluated in mice
- Protection was seen with delivery DOSEs in the range 10(6)-10(7) CFU, although this was more consistent in the spleen at the higher DOSE
2661. Pathogenicity and vaccine efficacy of different clades of Asian H5N1 avian influenza A viruses in domestic ducks.
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- A single DOSE of the vaccines containing 1 mug of hemagglutinin protein provides complete protection against a lethal A/Duck/Laos/25/06 (H5N1) influenza virus challenge, with no evidence of morbidity, mortality, or shedding of the challenge virus
2662. Protective immunity against influenza H5N1 virus challenge in mice by intranasal co-administration of baculovirus surface-displayed HA and recombinant CTB as an adjuvant.
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- Two groups of mice were vaccinated with different DOSEs (HA titer of log 2(4) or log 2(8)) of either HA surface-displayed baculovirus or inactivated whole viral vaccine virus adjuvanted with different DOSEs (2 mug or 10 mug) of rCTB
- Also vaccination with 10 mug of rCTB and log 2(8) HA titer of BacHA elicited higher HA specific serum and mucosal antibody levels and serum HI titer than vaccination with log 2(8) HA titer of inactivated H5N1 virus adjuvanted with the same DOSE of rCTB
2663. Immune responses of recombinant adenoviruses expressing immunodominant epitopes against Japanese encephalitis virus.
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- It statistically significant differences were found in anti-JEV antibody titers and JEV neutralizing activity induced by IM immunization with rAd-TEP at a DOSE of 1 x 10(8.0)TCID50 when compared with the DOSEs tested (3 x 10(7.0) and 1 x 10(7.0)TCID50) IM inoculation of rAd-TEP
2664. A method to provide improved dose-response estimates for airborne pathogens in animals: an example using porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
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- This paper describes a method to provide improved probability estimates that exposure to a specific DOSE of an airborne infectious pathogen will result in animal infection
- Individual animals were exposed to a specific DOSE of airborne pathogen
- The detection of specific antibodies and/or the pathogen in diagnostic specimens was evidence that the exposure DOSE resulted in infection
- If replicated over a range of DOSEs, the results can be used to derive a DOSE-response curve for a variety of animal species and infectious pathogens
- Applications include predicting the risk of transmission associated with exposure to airborne pathogens, modeling the transmission of airborne pathogens, and determining requirements for effective exposure DOSEs for vaccines delivered in aerosols.
2665. [Recurrent urinary tract infection in women].
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- Prevention of recurrences can be done with low-DOSE continuous antimicrobial prophylaxis or with post-coital antimicrobial prophylaxis, a method that may be more efficient and acceptable
2666. [Vaccine prophylaxis of viral hepatitis B in patients with acute leukemia].
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- Specific prevention of VHB was made in 30 AL patients with recombinant vaccine Engerix B by two schemes: 0-1-2-12 and 0-1-2-6 months with double adult DOSE 40 mcg
2667. Varicella prevention in the United States: a review of successes and challenges.
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- In 1995, the United States was the first country to introduce a universal 1-DOSE childhood varicella vaccination program
- In 2006, the US varicella vaccine policy was changed to a routine 2-DOSE childhood program, with catchup vaccination for older children
- The objective of this review was to summarize the US experience with the 1-DOSE varicella vaccination program, present the evidence considered for the policy change, and outline future challenges of the program
- A single DOSE of varicella vaccine was 80% to 85% effective in preventing disease of any severity and >95% effective in preventing severe varicella and had an excellent safety profile
- Compared with children who received 1 DOSE, in 1 clinical trial, 2-DOSE vaccine recipients developed in a larger proportion antibody titers that were more likely to protect against breakthrough disease and had a 3.3-fold lower risk for breakthrough disease and higher vaccine efficacy
- A decade of varicella prevention in the United States has resulted in a dramatic decline in disease; however, even with high vaccination coverage, the effectiveness of 1 DOSE of vaccine did not generate sufficient population immunity to prevent community transmission
- A 2-DOSE varicella vaccine schedule, therefore, was recommended for children in 2006
2668. Concomitant use of the oral pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine and oral poliovirus vaccine.
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- Three DOSEs of each vaccine were administered 8-10 weeks apart
- Antibody responses to PRV and OPV were evaluated 42 days after the last DOSE of each vaccine
- However, concomitant use elicited a > or = 3-fold increase (from preDOSE 1 to postDOSE 3) in serum antirotavirus IgA in 93% of subjects and achieved the definition of noninferiority
2669. Development of unilateral cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy after human papilloma virus vaccination.
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- A 26-year-old woman developed significant unilateral anterior cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy 3 days after receiving her first DOSE (of a total of three DOSEs) of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine
- The patient received her second DOSE of the HPV vaccine 2 months later without further lymphadenopathy
2670. Hepatitis B vaccine: a seven-year study of adherence to the immunization guidelines and efficacy in HIV-1-positive adults.
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- Of these patients, 503 received at least one DOSE of vaccine, but only 356 patients completed the three-DOSE series
- Vaccine response was associated with CD4 count (p=0.006) and viral load (p=0.001) at the time of the first DOSE
2671. Efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guérin in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer: the impact of previous intravesical treatment.
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- To clinically evaluate the role of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the management of superficial bladder cancer, focusing on DOSE, age, high grade/stage, and pretreatment episodes with other therapies in long-term follow-up patients
- Recurrence-free and progression-free survival rates were compared with reference to DOSE, age, previous treatment, grade, stage, and high risk categories
- There was no significant BCG DOSE-dependence
2672. Eculizumab.
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- dosing regimen is 600 mg weekly for four weeks, followed by a 900-mg DOSE at week 5, and 900 mg every 14 days as a maintenance DOSE
2673. Live, attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vehicles are strong inducers of immunity toward influenza B virus.
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- In ferrets LAIV induced high antibody titers after a single DOSE and provided a boost in IIV-primed animals
2674. Increased expression of ABC transport proteins is associated with ivermectin resistance in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
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- This study describes the development of ivermectin-resistant strains of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans through step-wise exposure to increasing DOSEs of ivermectin commencing with a non-toxic DOSE of 1 ng/ml
2675. Efficacy and safety of cell associated vaccines against Marek's disease virus grown in a continuous cell line from chickens.
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- Groups of 1-day-old SPF chicks were vaccinated subcutaneously or intramuscularly, with 10(2.5) TCID50 per DOSE of CVI 988 alone or in combination with 500PFU per DOSE of HVT
2676. A nasal interleukin-12 DNA vaccine coexpressing Yersinia pestis F1-V fusion protein confers protection against pneumonic plague.
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- When applied nasally, serum IgG and mucosal IgA anti-F1-Ag and anti-V-Ag titers were detectable beginning at week 6 after three weekly DOSEs, and recombinant F1-Ag boosts were required to elevate the F1-Ag-specific antibody (Ab) titers
- These results show that IL-12 can be used as a molecular adjuvant to enhance protective immunity against pneumonic plague, but in a DOSE-dependent fashion.
2677. Protective efficacy of different strategies employing Mycobacterium leprae heat-shock protein 65 against tuberculosis.
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- We compared the protective efficacy of BCG and Hsp65 antigens in mice using different strategies: i) BCG, single DOSE subcutaneously; ii) naked DNAhsp65, four DOSEs, intramuscularly; iii) liposomes containing DNAhsp65, single DOSE, intranasally; iv) microspheres containing DNAhsp65 or rHsp65, single DOSE, intramuscularly; and v) prime-boost with subcutaneous BCG and intramuscular DNAhsp65
2678. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the ML29 reassortant vaccine for Lassa fever in small non-human primates.
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- A single injection of ML29 reassortant vaccine for Lassa fever induces low, transient viremia, and low or moderate levels of ML29 replication in tissues of common marmosets depending on the DOSE of the vaccination
2679. A two-dose regimen of a vaccine against Escherichia coli O157:H7 type III secreted proteins reduced environmental transmission of the agent in a large-scale commercial beef feedlot clinical trial.
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- A clinical vaccine trial of commercially fed cattle tested the effect of a two-DOSE regimen of a vaccine product against type III secreted proteins of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the probability of detecting the organism on environmental sampling devices
- Pens of cattle were sampled 1 week after the second DOSE of vaccine and every 3 weeks for four test periods
- Because ROPES testing identifies organisms in the mouth of cattle, and the outcome is both associated with presence of the organism in the pen environment and correlated with the prevalence of fecal shedding, we conclude the two-DOSE vaccine regimen reduces the probability for environmental transmission of E
2680. Cost-effectiveness analysis of universal childhood vaccination against varicella in Brazil.
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- Assuming a single-DOSE schedule; vaccine efficacy of 85% and coverage of 80%, the program could prevent 74,422,058 cases and 2905 deaths
- The program's cost-effectiveness is highly sensitive to the vaccine price and number of DOSEs.
2681. Matched case-control study of effectiveness of live, attenuated S79 mumps virus vaccine against clinical mumps.
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- Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated for one or two DOSEs of S(79) vaccine, with 95% confidence intervals (CI)
- VE of mumps virus vaccine for one DOSE versus none was protection of 86.0% (95% CI, 77.2% to 91.5%) of recipients, and VE was much higher in the first 4 years than in the 5 to 12 years after vaccination
- The S(79) vaccine can effectively prevent clinical mumps, and a second DOSE of mumps virus vaccine is necessary for the protection of children in China.
2682. Cost-effectiveness of varicella vaccination programs: an update of the literature.
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- We note that most studies included in the review used old vaccine prices and a single DOSE of the varicella vaccine, whereas multiple DOSEs are now becoming the standard
2683. Cost-effectiveness of introducing a rotavirus vaccine in developing countries: the case of Mexico.
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- At US$10 per DOSE and a cost of administration of US$13.70 per 3-DOSE regimen, vaccination would cost US$122,058 per death prevented, US$4,383 per discounted life-year saved, at a total net cost of US$74.7 million dollars to the health care system
- At prices below US $15 per DOSE, the cost per life-year saved is estimated to be lower than one GNP per capita and hence highly cost effective by the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health criteria
2684. Characterization of an outer membrane protein of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium that confers protection against typhoid.
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- An OMP of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with an apparent molecular mass of 49 kDa that is highly immunogenic, evokes humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and confers 100% protection to immunized rats against challenge with very high DOSEs (up to 100 times the 50% lethal DOSE) of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium has been identified
2685. Economic evaluation of human papillomavirus vaccination in the United Kingdom.
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- A bivalent vaccine with the same efficacy against human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 costing pound13- pound21 less per DOSE (depending on the duration of vaccine protection) may be as cost effective as the quadrivalent vaccine although less effective as it does not prevent anogenital warts
2686. Rationale and design of a community-based double-blind randomized clinical trial of an HPV 16 and 18 vaccine in Guanacaste, Costa Rica.
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- More than 24,000 women between 18 and 25 years of age were invited to participate and pre-screened for eligibility, with recruitment of 7466 women (30% of those pre-screened, 59% of those eligible) who were randomized to receive 3 DOSEs of the HPV vaccine or hepatitis A vaccine as control
- Eighty percent of the women received three DOSEs, 12.4% two DOSEs and 7.4% one DOSE
2687. Cost-benefit analysis on the HPV vaccine in Medicaid-enrolled females of the Appalachian region of Kentucky.
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- The direct cost for the vaccine for the 2005 Medicaid-enrolled population aged 12 to 25 in Appalachian Kentucky counties is $17.8 million (price of $360 for the three-DOSE vaccine)
2688. Update on universal childhood immunizations.
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- Because of a notable recall of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccines by Merck & Co Inc, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey, USA, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that pediatric providers conserve available Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccines by delaying the administration of the booster DOSE of the vaccine in healthy children
2689. Demand forecasting for preventive AIDS vaccines: economic and policy dimensions.
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- The intervention modelled was a preventive AIDS vaccine (efficacy: 30-90%; duration of protection: 3-5 years; in a two-DOSE prime-boost combination)
- On the basis of tiered pricing across public and private markets ($US2-100 per DOSE), these levels of peak demand would translate into $US2.5-5.5 billion in peak annual sales revenues
2690. Efficacy and bait acceptance of vaccinia vectored rabies glycoprotein vaccine in captive foxes (Vulpes vulpes), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and dogs (Canis familiaris).
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- These three canid species were used to compare the appetency and efficacy of two commercial bait formats, each containing a single DOSE of vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (V-RG) vaccine
2691. Health and economic impact of HPV 16 and 18 vaccination and cervical cancer screening in India.
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- At a cost per vaccinated girl of I$10 (per DOSE cost of $2), pre-adolescent vaccination followed by screening three times per lifetime using either VIA or HPV DNA testing, would be considered cost-effective using the country's per capita gross domestic product (I$3452) as a threshold
2692. Results of the first phase I clinical trial of the novel II-key hybrid preventive HER-2/neu peptide (AE37) vaccine.
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- The DOSE escalation trial included five DOSE groups, to determine safety and optimal DOSE of the hybrid peptide (100 microg, 500 microg, 1,000 microg) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; range, 0 to 250 microg)
- DOSE reductions occurred in 47% of patients
- In the second group (peptide, 500 microg; GM-CSF, 250 microg), all patients required DOSE reductions, prompting peptide-only inoculations in the third group
- The vaccine induced DOSE-dependent immunologic responses in vitro and in vivo to AE37, as well as AE36
- The hybrid AE37 vaccine seems safe and well tolerated with minimal toxicity if properly DOSEd
2693. HIV vaccine acceptability among immigrant Thai residents in Los Angeles: a mixed-method approach.
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- The vaccine with the highest acceptability had the following attributes: 99% efficacy, no side-effects, 10 years of protection, protects against one sub-type, free, one DOSE and given by injection
2694. Determinants of the uptake of the full dose of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccines (DPT3) in Northern Nigeria: a multilevel analysis.
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2695. Enhanced survival of shrimp, Penaeus (Marsupenaeus) japonicus from white spot syndrome disease after oral administration of recombinant VP28 expressed in Brevibacillus brevis.
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- Survival rate was DOSE-dependent, increasing from 60.7 to 80.3% as the DOSE increased from 1 to 50microg/shrimp
- At a DOSE of 50microg/shrimp, the recombinant protein provided protection as soon as 1 day after feeding (72.5% survival)
2696. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of PTL-003, an attenuated enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) vaccine strain, in protecting against challenge with virulent ETEC.
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- The vaccine did not protect against moderate to severe ETEC illness (the primary endpoint), but it did prime subjects for a rapid antibody response to CS1 and CS3 after challenge, suggesting that a DOSE of vaccine on Day 28 might improve the immune response to the vaccine
2697. Neonatal immune response and serum bactericidal activity induced by a meningococcal conjugate vaccine is enhanced by LT-K63 and CpG2006.
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- The second and third DOSE of MenC-CRM(197) mixed with either LT-K63 or CpG2006 induced a rapid increase in MenC-specific IgG antibodies, to levels higher than elicited by MenC-CRM(197) alone (P<0.01) and in unimmunised mice (P<0.001), indicating efficient generation of memory by priming through both s.c
- However, only two DOSEs of MenC-CRM(197)+LT-K63 or MenC-CRM(197)+CpG2006 were needed to induce SBA levels>16
2698. [Biological and immunogenic characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis strain MT-2A (serovar D) and its use for development of experimental inactivated vaccine].
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- Humoral and cellular immune response to the vaccine administered on 3-DOSE immunization schedule in conjunction with polyoxidonium as adjuvant was studied
- Titer of IgG antibodies against Chlamydia in blood serum after 3rd DOSE of the vaccine was 10,880+/-1,817.76
2699. Development of a Mycobacterium bovis intranasal challenge model in mice.
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- bovis infection model in mice demonstrated distinct airway associated, DOSE related pathology, and was strikingly more virulent than previously employed intravenous infection with M
2700. A live attenuated cold-adapted influenza A H7N3 virus vaccine provides protection against homologous and heterologous H7 viruses in mice and ferrets.
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- Intranasal immunization with one DOSE of the vaccine protected mice and ferrets when challenged with homologous and heterologous H7 viruses
2701. [Bacillus of Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy: which protocol?].
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- In these patients with poor tolerance to the standard BCG DOSE, reducing the DOSE seems to be a useful option to improve BCG tolerance while preserving it efficacy
- Finally, recent studies have shown that it would be preferable to adapt the DOSE and frequency of instillations of maintenance BCG to each patient
2702. Production and efficacy of an attenuated live vaccine against contagious ovine ecthyma.
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- The immunising DOSE was 1 ml containing 10(4.5)TCID(50), administered intramuscularly
- The safety of the vaccine was successfully tested by intramuscular inoculation of 20 susceptible sheep and 20 lambs with the routine DOSE, 10 times the immunising DOSE and two normal DOSEs administered at seven-day intervals
2703. Mode-of-action, efficacy, and safety of a homologous multi-epitope vaccine in a murine model for adjuvant treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
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- Tumour uptake and number of metastases were not related to the vaccine DOSE
2704. Health and economic outcomes of HPV 16,18 vaccination in 72 GAVI-eligible countries.
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- At I$10 per vaccinated girl (approximately $2.00 per DOSE assuming three DOSEs, plus wastage, administration, program support) vaccination was cost-effective in all countries using a per capita GDP threshold; for 49 of 72 countries, the cost per DALY averted was less than I$100 and for 59 countries, it was less than I$200
- Despite favorable cost-effectiveness, assessment of financial costs raised concerns about affordability; as the cost per vaccinated girl was increased from I$10 to I$25 (approximately $2 to $5 per DOSE), the financial costs for the 10-year scenario increased from >US$ 900 million to US$ 2.25 billion
2705. Characterization of virulence of Leptospira isolates in a hamster model.
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- The purposes of our study were: (i) to test the virulence of leptospiral isolates from Brazil, which are representative of important serogroups that cause disease in humans and animals; and (ii) to standardize the lethal DOSE 50% (LD(50)) for each of the virulent strains using a hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) model
2706. Potentiation of the immunotherapeutic effect of autologous dendritic cells by pretreating hepatocellular carcinoma with low-dose radiation.
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- To determine whether exposing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to low DOSE radiation increases the efficacy of dendritic cell-mediated immunotherapy for HCC
- Tumour specimens collected from 20 recruited patients with HCC were cultured in primary culture (half successfully) and then exposed to low-DOSE radiation (0.5 Gy)
- Surface markers of immunogenicity on primary HCC cells, MHC, and Fas were investigated before and after low-DOSE irradiation
- Exposing HCC cells to low-DOSE (0.5 Gy) radiation enhanced the immunotherapeutic effect of TLP-DC-stimulated lymphocytes
- Exposing tumour cells to a low DOSE of radiation can enhance the immunotherapeutic effect of the autologous tumor lysate-pulsed DC vaccine.
2707. Constitutive Activation of the PrfA regulon enhances the potency of vaccines based on live-attenuated and killed but metabolically active Listeria monocytogenes strains.
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2708. Economic evaluation of delivering hepatitis B vaccine to injection drug users.
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- The most cost-saving strategies include giving the first DOSE to everyone at screening, administering the vaccination under the accelerated schedule (0, 1, 2 months), and obtaining highly discounted vaccine from local health departments
2709. Current state of vaccine therapies in non-small-cell lung cancer.
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- Moreover, DOSE, route, and schedule also need optimization
2710. Saccharide/protein conjugate vaccines for Bordetella species: preparation of saccharide, development of new conjugation procedures, and physico-chemical and immunological characterization of the conjugates.
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- All conjugates, injected as saline solutions at a fraction of an estimated human DOSE, induced antibodies in mice to the homologous O-SP
2711. Phase I trial of DNA-hsp65 immunotherapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
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- Considering that mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 (hsp65) gene transfer can elicit a profound antitumoral effect, this study aimed to establish the safety, maximum-tolerated DOSE (MTD) and preliminary efficacy of DNA-hsp65 immunotherapy in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
- The MTD was 400 microg per DOSE
- Therefore, DNA-hsp65 immunotherapy is a feasible and safe approach at the DOSE of 400 microg per injection in patients with HNSCC refractory to standard treatment
2712. Poor immune responses to a birth dose of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine.
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- To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an additional birth DOSE of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP)
- Safety data were collected after each DOSE, and sera were obtained at birth, 6, 7, 17, and 18 months
- Administration of an additional DOSE of DTaP at birth was safe but was associated with a significantly lower response to diphtheria and 3 of 4 pertussis antigens compared with controls.
2713. Prevention of herpes zoster: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
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- It is administered as a single 0.65 mL DOSE subcutaneously in the deltoid region of the arm
- A booster DOSE is not licensed for the vaccine
2714. Induction of a specific strong polyantigenic cellular immune response after short-term chemotherapy controls bacillary reactivation in murine and guinea pig experimental models of tuberculosis.
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- Mouse and guinea pig experimental models were infected with a low-DOSE M
2715. [Epidemiological investigation of a measles outbreak in a preschool in Incheon, Korea, 2006].
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Harvard PubMed
- Of the fifteen confirmed, identified cases, eleven patients had been vaccinated with one DOSE, one patient had received two DOSEs and three patients were unvaccinated
- For the cases with one DOSE of the vaccination, there were 11 cases, which consisted of six 5-year-old children, two 4-year-old children, two 3-year-old children and one 2-year-old child
- The case with two DOSEs of the vaccination was one 4-year-old child
- The attack rate of measles was 100% in the 0-DOSE group, 11.2% in the 1-DOSE group and 2.0% in the 2-DOSE group
- The vaccine's efficacy was 88.8% in the 1-DOSE group and 98.0% in the 2-DOSE group
- The vaccine effectiveness for the 2-DOSE group was higher than that of the 1-DOSE group
- High coverage with a 2-DOSE vaccination should be maintained, and the vaccination should be given at the suitable time to prevent a measles outbreak with a changed outbreak pattern.
2716. Immunogenicity and serotype-specific efficacy of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-9) determined during an efficacy trial in The Gambia.
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- In the sub-study, a single 2-4 ml venous blood specimen was collected from 212 Gambian children 4-6 weeks after the administration of a third DOSE of PCV-9 or placebo
- The proportions of infants with antibody concentrations above 0.2, 0.35 and 1.0 microg/ml, and the geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of anti-pneumococcal polysaccharide antibodies were substantially higher for each serotype in children who received three DOSEs of PCV-9 than those in the placebo group
2717. Plasmid DNA-based vaccines protect mice and ferrets against lethal challenge with A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) influenza virus.
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- Complete protection from death and disease was achieved in mice and ferrets with 2 DOSEs of a Vaxfectin-formulated vaccine containing H5 HA, NP, and M2 plasmids and in ferrets with only 1 DOSE
2718. Human rabies prevention--United States, 2008: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.
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- Persons who have ever previously received complete vaccination regimens (pre-exposure or postexposure) with a cell culture vaccine or persons who have been vaccinated with other types of vaccines and have previously had a documented rabies virus neutralizing antibody titer should receive only 2 DOSEs of vaccine: one on day 0 (as soon as the exposure is recognized and administration of vaccine can be arranged) and the second on day 3
- A regimen of 5 1-mL DOSEs of HDCV or PCECV should be administered intramuscularly to previously unvaccinated persons
- The first DOSE of the 5-DOSE course should be administered as soon as possible after exposure (day 0)
- Additional DOSEs should then be administered on days 3, 7, 14, and 28 after the first vaccination
2719. A quantitative risk assessment of exposure to adventitious agents in a cell culture-derived subunit influenza vaccine.
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- Maximum residual titres for all viruses tested were in the range of 10(-6) to 10(-16) infectious units per vaccine DOSE
2720. Can early single dose instillation of epirubicin improve bacillus Calmette-Guerin efficacy in patients with nonmuscle invasive high risk bladder cancer? Results from a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled study.
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- On multivariate analysis the early single DOSE instillation of epirubicin was not indicated as an independent prognostic factor (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32-1.18)
2721. [Current concepts for prophylaxis and treatment of hepatitis B virus reinfection after liver transplantation].
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- Low-DOSE intramuscular HBIG protocols have yielded cost reduction by > 50%
2722. Chemotherapeutic drugs may be used to enhance the killing efficacy of human tumor antigen peptide-specific CTLs.
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2723. Phase 2 trial of a DNA vaccine encoding myelin basic protein for multiple sclerosis.
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- In relapsing-remitting MS patients, treatment with the lower DOSE (0.5 mg) of BHT-3009 for 44 weeks nearly attained the primary end point for reduction of the rate of new enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions (p = 0.07) and achieved several secondary end points including a reduction of the rate of enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions from weeks 8 to 48 (p = 0.05)
- The greater DOSE was ineffective.
2724. Three phase II cytokine working group trials of gp100 (210M) peptide plus high-dose interleukin-2 in patients with HLA-A2-positive advanced melanoma.
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- High-DOSE interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces responses in 15% to 20% of patients with advanced melanoma; 5% to 8% are durable complete responses (CRs)
- The HLA-A2-restricted, modified gp100 peptide (210M) induces T-cell immunity in vivo and has little antitumor activity but, combined with high-DOSE IL-2, reportedly has a 42% (13 of 31 patients) response rate (RR)
- In three separate phase II trials, patients with melanoma received 210M subcutaneously during weeks 1, 4, 7, and 10 and standard high-DOSE IL-2 during weeks 1 and 3 (trial 1), weeks 7 and 9 (trial 2), or weeks 1, 4, 7, and 10 (trial 3)
- The results again demonstrate efficacy of high-DOSE IL-2 in advanced melanoma but did not demonstrate the promising clinical activity reported with vaccine and high-DOSE IL-2 in any of three phase II trials.
2725. Protective effect of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine against the outbreak of hepatitis A in an open rural community.
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- The first trial was to vaccinate 108 anti-HAV negative individuals with close contacts of the patients from September with 1 DOSE of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, Healive
- The second trial was to vaccinate 3365 primary and secondary school students who volunteered to receive a DOSE of Healive and 2572 students who did not receive Healive serving as its controls
2726. Increased antibodies against unfolded viral antigens in the elderly after influenza vaccination.
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- With increasing dosage there was a significant increase in avidity against unfoldons with 50% of subjects showing >or=2fold increase at the highest DOSE
2727. A potential krimpsiekte vaccine.
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- Protection provided by the vaccine was demonstrated by challenging sheep (n = 4) with repeated, daily DOSEs of cotyledoside (0.015 mg/kg) administered intravenously, commencing 45 days after the initial vaccination
- One control animal died on Day 3 of the challenge period and the other was severely affected after administration of the third cotyledoside DOSE
2728. Diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease.
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- Single-DOSE doxycycline (200 mg orally) can be used as prophylaxis in selected patients
2729. Perspective on live varicella vaccine.
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- To improve protection, however, a 2-DOSE schedule of immunization was recommended for routine use in all children by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in June 2006
2730. Epidemiology of varicella hospitalizations in the United States, 1995-2005.
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- The fact that 4 vaccinated children required hospitalization for varicella-related complications demonstrates that 1 DOSE of varicella vaccine does not prevent serious disease in all cases, even among previously healthy children.
2731. Rates of human papillomavirus vaccination, attitudes about vaccination, and human papillomavirus prevalence in young women.
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- Five percent of participants had received at least one HPV vaccine DOSE, 66% intended to receive the vaccine, 65% were confident they could find the time to get vaccinated, 54% believed that they could receive all three shots, and 42% believed that they could afford vaccination
2732. Correlation of cellular immune responses with protection against culture-confirmed influenza virus in young children.
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- Preliminary studies of young children confirmed that the IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay was a more sensitive measure of influenza memory immune responses than serum antibody and that among seronegative children aged 6 to <36 months, an intranasal DOSE of 10(7) fluorescent focus units (FFU) of a live attenuated influenza virus vaccine (CAIV-T) elicited substantial CMI responses
- The role of CMI in actual protection against community-acquired, culture-confirmed clinical influenza by CAIV-T was investigated in a large randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled DOSE-ranging efficacy trial with 2,172 children aged 6 to <36 months in the Philippines and Thailand
2733. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and immunogenicity of live, oral type 4 and type 7 adenovirus vaccines in adults.
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- The adenovirus vaccines were administered orally together in a single DOSE to thirty subjects
2734. Mumps outbreak in young adults following a festival in Austria, 2006.
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- Nearly half of the cases for whom the vaccination status was known occurred in non-vaccinated persons, another 40% were vaccinated with one DOSE of the vaccine and 11% had received two DOSEs
2735. Comparison of pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide and free polysaccharide vaccines in elderly adults: conjugate vaccine elicits improved antibacterial immune responses and immunological memory.
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- High functional antibody responses, establishment of immunologic memory, and unambiguous efficacy in infants suggest that an initial DOSE of conjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnC) vaccine may be of value in a comprehensive adult immunization strategy
- One year later, 7vPnC recipients received a booster DOSE of either 7vPnC (the 7vPnC/7vPnC group) or PPV (the 7vPnC/PPV group), and PPV recipients received a booster DOSE of 7vPnC (the PPV/7vPnC group)
- Antipolysaccharide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody concentrations and opsonophagocytic assay titers to the initial DOSE of 7vPnC were significantly greater than those to the initial DOSE of PPV for 6 and 5 of 7 serotypes, respectively (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively)
- In adults, an initial DOSE of 7vPnC is likely to elicit higher and potentially more effective levels of antipneumococcal antibodies than is PPV
- In contrast with PPV, for which the induction of hyporesponsiveness was observed when used as a priming DOSE, 7vPnC elicits an immunological state that permits subsequent administration of 7vPnC or PPV to maintain functional antipolysaccharide antibody levels.
2736. New vaccines against tuberculosis: lessons learned from BCG immunisation in Brazil.
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2737. Safety and immunogenicity of a replication-incompetent adenovirus type 5 HIV-1 clade B gag/pol/nef vaccine in healthy adults.
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- Healthy adults not infected with human immunodeficiency virus were enrolled in a multicenter, DOSE-escalating, blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate a 3-DOSE homologous prime-boost regimen of the trivalent MRK adenovirus type 5 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine containing from 3 x 10(6) to 1 x 10(11) viral particles per 1-mL DOSE administered on day 1, during week 4 and during week 26
- The primary immunogenicity end point was the proportion of study participants with a positive unfractionated Gag-, Pol-, or Nef-specific interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot response measured 4 weeks after administration of the last DOSE
- Of 259 randomized individuals, 257 (99%) received > or = 1 DOSE of vaccine or placebo and were included in the safety analyses
- The frequency of injection-site reactions was DOSE dependent
- Vaccine DOSEs of > or = 3 x 10(9) viral particles elicited positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot responses to > or = 1 vaccine component in > 60% of recipients
- High baseline antibody titers against adenovirus type 5 diminished enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot responses at all DOSEs except the 3 x 10(10) viral particle DOSE
2738. Intradermally administered yellow fever vaccine at reduced dose induces a protective immune response: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.
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- Participants were randomly assigned in a 1ratio1 ratio to receive intradermal (i.d.) vaccination with live attenuated yellow fever 17D vaccine at a reduced DOSE (1/5(th); 0.1 mL) or the conventional subcutaneous (s.c.) vaccination (0.5 mL)
- DOSE or standard s.c
- DOSE of vaccine
2739. Immunological efficacy of heat shock protein 60 peptide DiaPep277 therapy in clinical type I diabetes.
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2740. Rotavirus vaccination coverage and adherence to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)-recommended vaccination schedule--United States, February 2006-May 2007.
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- Three DOSEs of RotaTeq are recommended at ages 2, 4, and 6 months
- The first DOSE should be administered between ages 6 and 12 weeks, and vaccination should not be initiated for infants aged >12 weeks
- Subsequent DOSEs should be administered at 4-10 week intervals, with all DOSEs administered by age 32 weeks
- The greatest risk for intussusception was noted after the first DOSE of RotaShield
- This report summarizes the results of that assessment, which indicated that, by May 15, 2007, nearly half of infants aged 3 months had received 1 DOSE of rotavirus vaccine, with the majority of DOSEs administered according to ACIP recommendations
2741. Cloning, expression and characterization of a cell wall surface protein, 6-phosphogluconate-dehydrogenase, of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.
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- Immunization of CD-1 mice with r6PGD increased the protective efficacy by 80% following intraperitoneal administration of a lethal DOSE of S
2742. [Immunization against varicella and zoster].
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- They are indicated for healthy subjects from 12 months of age, at a DOSE of one injection until 12 years of age, and two injections 4-8 weeks apart for older children and adults
- A two-DOSE schedule seems advisable to avoid breakthrough varicella, which occurs in 4% of vaccinees each year
2743. Efficacy and safety of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in Latin American infants: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study.
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- 15 183 healthy infants aged 6-13 weeks from ten Latin American countries randomly assigned in a 1 to 1 ratio to receive two oral DOSEs of RIX4414 or placebo at about 2 and 4 months of age in a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study were followed up until about 2 years of age
- Primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy from 2 weeks after DOSE two until 1 year of age
- Efficacy follow-up for gastroenteritis episodes was undertaken from 2 weeks after DOSE two until about 2 years of age
- Two DOSEs of RIX4414 were effective against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in a Latin American setting
2744. The vaccination-challenge trial: the gold standard test to evaluate the protective efficacy of infectious coryza vaccines.
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- In one experiment, chickens given a single DOSE of either of two infectious coryza vaccines lacked a detectable HI response to vaccination but showed significant levels of protection 11 weeks after vaccination
- In contrast, in chickens given two DOSEs of an infectious coryza vaccine and challenged 3 weeks after the second vaccine DOSE, there was a strong serological response with 36/40 birds having a HI titre of 1/20 or greater
2745. Collaborative vaccine development: partnering pays.
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- Functions readily outsourced to a competent partner include animal model development, safety and efficacy studies, immunotoxicity and immunogenicity, DOSE response studies, and stability and potency testing
2746. Phase 2a trial of 0, 1, and 3 month and 0, 7, and 28 day immunization schedules of malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS02 in malaria-naïve adults at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.
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- We conducted an open label, Phase 2a trial of two different full DOSE schedules of RTS,S/AS02 in 40 healthy malaria-naïve adults
- In malaria-naïve adults, the efficacy of three-DOSE RTS,S/AS02 regimens on either a 0, 1, and 3 month schedule or an abbreviated 0, 7, and 28 day schedule was not discernibly different from two previously reported trials of two-DOSE regimens given at 0, 1 month that conferred 47% (95% CI: -19 to 76%) protection and in another trial 42% (95% CI: 5-63%)
2747. Persistence of hepatitis B vaccine immunity in hemodialysis patients.
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- We followed 37 hepatitis B vaccinated HD patients (following a four-DOSE vaccination schedule of 40 mug injections intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months) for up to one year to evaluate the persistence of immunity (as indicated by serum levels of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) equal to or higher than 10 IU/L)
2748. Novel vaccines and adjuvant systems: the utility of animal models for predicting immunogenicity in humans.
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- Unlike drugs designed to be delivered systemically, vaccines work within a somewhat localized space, so allometric DOSE scaling to account for body size differences is not necessarily relevant
2749. In vitro and in vivo effectiveness of egg yolk antibody against Candida albicans (anti-CA IgY).
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- albicans to FaDu cells (human pharynx carcinoma cells) in a DOSE-dependent manner
2750. [Generalized cost-effectiveness of preventive interventions against cervical cancer in Mexican women: results of a Markov model from the public sector perspective].
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Harvard PubMed
- Additionally, it is suggested to introduce the vaccine once a threshold price of $181 pesos per DOSE -when the vaccine becomes equal in terms of cost-effectiveness to HC- has been achieved.
2751. Control of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in laying hens by inactivated Salmonella Enteritidis vaccines.
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- Birds from three groups (V1, V2 and V3) received different intramuscular vaccines, followed by a booster DOSE at 16 weeks of age
2752. Modeling neurodevelopment outcomes and ethylmercury exposure from thimerosal-containing vaccines.
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2753. Enhancing the clinical activity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting tumor cell vaccines.
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2754. Topical Polyphenon E in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts: a randomized controlled trial.
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2755. Poisson-model analysis of the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in Japan between 1971 and 2000.
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- Risk was calculated as the ratio between the number of VAPP cases and the number of OPV DOSEs administered
- The overall risk for VAPP, including both recipient and contact VAPP, was one case per 2.0 million OPV DOSEs administered
- The risk of recipient VAPP was one per 3.7 million DOSEs, among which the first DOSE posed a much higher risk of one per 2.3 million than that of the subsequent DOSE
2756. Immunization with a single dose of a microencapsulated Brucella melitensis mutant enhances protection against wild-type challenge.
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- A single immunization DOSE in BALB/c mice with the encapsulated vjbR mutant improved protection against wild-type B
2757. [Should we vaccinate patients with systemic lupus].
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- Live vaccines are contraindicated in immunocompromised hosts and patients on high DOSE steroids
2758. Measles exportation from Japan to the United States, 1994 to 2006.
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- Three of the cases had previously received one DOSE of measles vaccine, compared to 35 who were never immunized (25 cases unknown)
2759. [Economic impact of rotavirus vaccination in Panama].
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- From the societal perspective, RV vaccination produces a cost-effectiveness ratio of US$487 per DALY when the price of the vaccine is US$7.50 per DOSE
2760. The relative contribution of antibody and CD8+ T cells to vaccine immunity against West Nile encephalitis virus.
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- Accordingly, partial and almost complete protection against a highly stringent lethal intracranial WNV challenge were observed in mice 60 days after single DOSE immunization with the DNA plasmid and inactivated virus vaccines, respectively
- In mice immunized with a single DOSE of DNA plasmid or inactivated vaccine, antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells were induced and contributed to protective immunity as acquired or genetic deficiencies of CD8(+) T cells lowered the survival rates
- Overall, our experiments suggest that in mice, both inactivated WNV and DNA plasmid vaccines are protective after two DOSEs, and the specific contribution of antibody and CD8(+) T cells to vaccine immunity against WNV is modulated by the prime-boost strategy.
2761. An open study to assess the safety and efficacy of Heprovac-B vaccine 10 mcg-dose for adults.
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- There are many vaccines available in Pakistani market but Heprovac B claims to be immunogenic even at 10 meg DOSE
- Heprovac B was administered in a three-DOSE regimen given at 0, 1 and 6 months and adverse events were recorded
- Immunogenicity was tested by measuring hepatitis B surface antibody one month after each DOSE received
- One month after the 3rd DOSE 98.7% of the subjects were found to be seroprotected with geometric mean titer of 488.83 mIU/1 after the third DOSE
2762. Effect of immunisation against angiotensin II with CYT006-AngQb on ambulatory blood pressure: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase IIa study.
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- The 300 mug DOSE reduced the early morning blood-pressure surge compared with placebo (change at 0800 h -25/-13 mm Hg; p<0.0001 for systolic, p=0.0035 for diastolic)
- The 300 mug DOSE reduced blood pressure in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension during the daytime, especially in the early morning
2763. Detection and isolation of H5N1 influenza virus from large volumes of natural water.
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- A concentration as low as 0.03 of the 50% egg infection DOSE per milliliter (EID50/ml) of the initial volume of water was effectively detected
2764. The efficacy of DNA vaccination is enhanced in mice by targeting the encoded protein to dendritic cells.
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- Many approaches have considerable potential but currently induce relatively weak immune responses despite multiple high DOSEs of DNA vaccine
- injection of the DNA vaccine encoding an HIV gag p41-scFv DEC205 fusion protein, mice were protected from an airway challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the HIV gag p41, even with 1% of the DOSE of nontargeted DNA vaccine
2765. Efficacy of a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in reducing rotavirus-associated health care utilization across three regions (11 countries).
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- Healthy 6- to 12-week-old infants received 3 DOSEs of PRV or placebo at 4- to 10-week intervals
- The exact binomial method for ratios of Poisson counts was used to evaluate the effect of PRV on the rate of rotavirus-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits involving rotavirus G-types 1-4 occurring > or =14 days after the third DOSE of vaccine for up to 2 years
2766. Molecular immunology of experimental primary tularemia in mice infected by respiratory or intradermal routes with type A Francisella tularensis.
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- Additionally, the extent to which this response varies depending on host and pathogen genetic background, or by pathogen challenge route or DOSE is unknown
2767. Effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children with sickle cell disease in the first decade of life.
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- The effectiveness of > or = 1 DOSE of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was estimated by crude analysis to be 84.5% and by stratified survival analysis to be 81.4% when controlling for the presence of herd immunity in the 2 years after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine licensure
2768. Safety and immunogenicity of concurrent administration of live attenuated influenza vaccine with measles-mumps-rubella and varicella vaccines to infants 12 to 15 months of age.
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- Children were assigned randomly to receive (1) measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, varicella vaccine, and intranasal placebo on day 0, followed by 1 DOSE of live attenuated influenza vaccine on days 42 and 72; (2) measles-mumps-rubella, varicella, and live attenuated influenza vaccines on day 0, followed by a second DOSE of live attenuated influenza vaccine on day 42 and intranasally administered placebo on day 72; or (3) 1 DOSE of live attenuated influenza vaccine on days 0 and 42, followed by measles-mumps-rubella and varicella vaccines on day 72
2769. Vaccination coverage in 14-year-old adolescents: documentation, timeliness, and sociodemographic determinants.
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- Vaccination coverage was 75.7% for the third DOSE of hepatitis B virus, 80.6% for the first DOSE and 83.6% for the second DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella, and 79.8% for Meningococcus serogroup C
2770. Safety and tolerability of cold-adapted influenza vaccine, trivalent, in infants younger than 6 months of age.
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- Healthy infants aged 6 to <16 weeks and 16 to <24 weeks, respectively, were randomly assigned to receive 2 DOSEs of influenza vaccine, or placebo intranasally 35 +/- 7 days apart
- Reactogenicity events were monitored for 11 days after each DOSE
- Other adverse events were monitored through 28 to 35 days after DOSE 2
- In the 6- to <16-week cohort, more influenza vaccine, recipients experienced irritability (66.7% vs 35.7%) and runny nose or nasal congestion (63.3% vs 33.3%) after DOSE 1 but not DOSE 2
2771. Chitosan as an adjuvant for parenterally administered inactivated influenza vaccines.
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- The addition of 0.5% of a chitosan derivative to inactivated influenza vaccines injected parenterally resulted in a four or six to tenfold increase in antibody titres after a single-DOSE or two-DOSE intramuscular immunization of mice, respectively, in comparison with antibody titres after immunization without chitosan
2772. [Chronic viral hepatitis and kidney failure].
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- Lamivudine is effective and well tolerated, but its long-term efficacy and its optimal effective DOSE in dialysis patients remain unknown.
2773. Protective efficacy of several vaccines against highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus under experimental conditions.
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- The following study was conducted to compare the protective efficacy of three commercially available inactivated vaccines based on influenza virus strains of subtypes H5N2 (vaccine A), H5N9 (vaccine B), and H5N3 (vaccine C), as well as two hemagglutinin expressing experimental vector vaccines (modified vaccinia virus Ankara-H5 and Newcastle disease virus-H5) against a lethal DOSE of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in chickens
2774. The effect of intravesical instillation of antifibrinolytic agents on bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment of superficial bladder cancer: a pilot study.
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- We also investigated the impact of these antifibrinolytic agents on the DOSE of bacillus Calmette-Guerin required for a therapeutic effect
- Intravesical instillation of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid is a more effective and safer method to improve the bacillus Calmette-Guerin antitumor effect, and can reduce the DOSE of bacillus Calmette-Guerin with the same effect as the full DOSE.
2775. Efficacies of inactivated vaccines against betanodavirus in grouper larvae (Epinephelus coioides) by bath immunization.
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2776. Subcutaneous vaccination with attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis C500 expressing recombinant filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin antigens protects mice against fatal infections with both S. enterica serovar Choleraesuis and Bordetella bronchiseptica.
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- survived intranasal challenge with four times the 50% lethal DOSE of virulent B
2777. Single-dose immunogenicity and protective efficacy of simian adenoviral vectors against Plasmodium berghei.
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- AdC7 and AdC9 elicited strong immunogenicity ( approximately 20% of CD8(+) T cells in spleen), equivalent to or outperforming AdH5 and inducing sterile protection in 92% (C9), 83% (H5 and C7) and 67% (C6) of the mice, providing the first evidence of single-DOSE protection to Plasmodium berghei
2778. A recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing rabies virus glycoprotein: safety and immunogenicity in dogs.
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- This recombinant virus has been shown to be safe for dogs by oral and intramuscular routes of inoculation and was demonstrated to induce immune responses against both pseudorabies and rabies in dogs after a single oral DOSE of 2 x 10(7.0) plaque forming units (PFU)
2779. Eimeria tenella: construction of a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing rhomboid gene and its protective efficacy against homologous infection.
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- Immunization with rFPV-rhomboid reduced oocyst shedding significantly, resulting in a protection rate of 39.6%, 41.1% or 41.7% given a DOSE of 10(2) PFU, 10(4) PFU, or 10(6) PFU of rFPV-rhomboid, respectively
2780. Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 vaccine (recombinant, AS04 adjuvanted, adsorbed) [Cervarix].
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Harvard PubMed
- It is administered by intramuscular injection as a three-DOSE vaccine regimen at 0, 1 and 6 months
- Phase II follow-up was for at least 5.5 years, and the phase III interim analysis was at approximately 15 months after the first vaccine DOSE
2781. Protection of mice from rabies by intranasal immunization with inactivated rabies virus.
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- All immunized mice were challenged intracerebrally with a lethal DOSE of virulent rabies virus CVS strain
2782. Single-dose protection against Plasmodium berghei by a simian adenovirus vector using a human cytomegalovirus promoter containing intron A.
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- AdC6 induced sterile protection from a single DOSE in 90% of mice, in contrast to AdH5 (25%) and poxviral vectors MVA and FP9 (0%)
2783. Potential of Mw as a prophylactic vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis.
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- The population was vaccinated with two DOSEs (1st DOSE of 1x10(9) heat killed organisms followed 6 months later with a 2nd DOSE of 5x10(8) organisms) of Mw 10-13 years ago originally to investigate its effect against leprosy
2784. Efficacy of intradermally administrated E2 subunit vaccines in reducing horizontal transmission of classical swine fever virus.
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- Furthermore, one group was vaccinated with a tenfold ID DOSE of vaccine A and one non-vaccinated group served as a control group
2785. Vaccinations in children treated with standard-dose cancer therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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- There is a reduction in immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases after completion of standard-DOSE chemotherapy and after hematopoietic stem cell transplant
2786. The prevention and management of herpes zoster.
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- Ongoing surveillance will determine the duration of protection and whether a booster DOSE is required
2787. Substitution of vaccinia virus Elstree by modified vaccinia virus Ankara to test the virucidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants.
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2788. Novel strategy for treatment of Japanese encephalitis using arctigenin, a plant lignan.
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- Four- to 5-week-old BALB/c mice of either sex were infected intravenously with lethal DOSE of 3 x 10(5) pfu of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)
2789. A prospective, comparative study of the immune response to inactivated influenza vaccine in pediatric liver transplant recipients and their healthy siblings.
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- Hemagglutination inhibition and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays for New Caledonia and Shanghai strains were performed at baseline, after each vaccine DOSE, and 3 months after the series
- After 1 DOSE of vaccine, transplant recipients achieved rates of antibody seroprotection and seroconversion that were similar to those achieved by their healthy siblings
- However, for both influenza strains, IFN-gamma responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot were significantly attenuated in transplant recipients after 2 DOSEs of vaccine
2790. [Grazax--treatment for grass pollen hay fever].
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- The recommended DOSE is one tablet daily
2791. Delay in diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of childhood asthma.
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- Among 11, 531 children who received at least 4 DOSEs of DPT, the risk of asthma was reduced to (1/2) in children whose first DOSE of DPT was delayed by more than 2 months
- The likelihood of asthma in children with delays in all 3 DOSEs was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.18-0.86)
- We found a negative association between delay in administration of the first DOSE of whole-cell DPT immunization in childhood and the development of asthma; the association was greater with delays in all of the first 3 DOSEs
2792. [Experimental study on the chitosan-DNA vaccines against campylobacter jejuni invasion].
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Harvard PubMed
- BALB/c mice were intranasally immunized in a four-DOSE primary series (7 d intervals) at DOSEs of 60 microg chitosan-DNA vaccines each time
2793. Rotavirus live, oral, pentavalent vaccine.
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- The Advisory Committee of Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended routine immunization of infants using 3 DOSEs of the oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (PRV) at 8, 12, and 24 months of age, with the first DOSE administered between 6 and 12 weeks of age and subsequent DOSEs administered at 4- to 10-week intervals
- Recently, the FDA's Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) received 28 reports of cases that occurred after the first, second, and third DOSEs
2794. Adult nephrotic syndrome: non-specific strategies for treatment.
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- Strategies for the preservation of bone density should also be considered, particularly in patients who receive high-DOSE corticosteroids
2795. Vaccines: the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine: discovery to licensure and beyond.
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- This orally administered liquid vaccine, which is given as a 3-DOSE series, is indicated for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis, caused by the G serotypes contained in the vaccine, in infants and children
2796. gp63 in stable cationic liposomes confers sustained vaccine immunity to susceptible BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani.
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- The protective efficacy of liposomal gp63 vaccination was DOSE dependent, with 2.5 mug of protein showing optimal protection
2797. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine does not influence Staphylococcus aureus carriage in young children with acute otitis media.
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- Furthermore, in children aged >1 year, the booster DOSE induces a sharp reduction in the carriage of vaccine serotypes of S
2798. Recombinant gp350 vaccine for infectious mononucleosis: a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of an Epstein-Barr virus vaccine in healthy young adults.
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- A total of 181 EBV-seronegative, healthy, young adult volunteers were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive either placebo or a recombinant EBV subunit glycoprotein 350 (gp350)/aluminum hydroxide and 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (AS04) candidate vaccine in a 3-DOSE regimen
- One month after receipt of the final DOSE of gp350 vaccine, 98.7% of subjects showed seroconversion to anti-gp350 antibodies (95% CI, 85.5%-97.9%), and they remained anti-gp350 antibody positive for >18 months
2799. Single dose of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine with poly(gamma-glutamic acid) nanoparticles provides effective protection from Japanese encephalitis virus.
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- In Japan, the only JE vaccine currently available is an inactivated vaccine that requires multiple DOSEs for effective protection; therefore, an effective single-DOSE vaccine is needed
- However, no report of an effective protocol for a single DOSE of JE vaccine in animals has been published
- Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a single-DOSE vaccination in mice to which the JE vaccine was given with or without adjuvant
- Remarkably, a single DOSE of JE vaccine with gamma-PGA-NPs enhanced the neutralizing antibody titer, and all of the immunized mice survived a normally lethal JEV infection, while only 50% of the mice that received a single DOSE of JE vaccine without gamma-PGA-NPs survived
- These results show that gamma-PGA-NPs are a novel and safe adjuvant for JE vaccine, and that a single DOSE of JE vaccine with gamma-PGA-NPs provides effective protection from lethal JEV in mice
- A similar protocol, in which a single DOSE of JE vaccine is mixed with gamma-PGA-NPs, may be useful for the immunization of humans.
2800. A prospective open study of the efficacy of high-dose recombinant hepatitis B rechallenge vaccination in HIV-infected patients.
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- Double-DOSE hepatitis B virus revaccination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients proved to be effective in 50.7% of 144 patients who had previously failed to respond to standard DOSEs
2801. Efficacy of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in subjects after 1 or 2 doses in the rotavirus efficacy and safety trial.
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2802. Immune responses and protective efficacy of the gene vaccine expressing Ag85B and ESAT6 fusion protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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- Vaccination of mice with DNA vaccines expressing the fusion protein Ag85B-ESAT6 results in a significant level of protection against the subsequent high-DOSE challenge with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv
2803. Cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccination against rotavirus with RIX4414 in France.
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- A two-DOSE vaccine against rotavirus infection (RIX4414; Rotarix, GlaxoSmithKline), has been shown to be highly effective against severe RVGE
- Vaccination with RIX4414 incurred an incremental cost of 44 583 Euro per QALY at a public price of 57 Euro per vaccine DOSE
2804. Cost effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination strategies in Ireland: an economic evaluation.
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Harvard PubMed
- At a cost of euro29.00 per DOSE of the six-component vaccine, universal infant hepatitis B vaccination is cost effective at euro37 018/LYG
2805. The safety and efficacy of different doses of bacillus Calmette Guérin in superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma.
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Harvard PubMed
- To conduct a trial using three different DOSEs of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to determine whether lowering the DOSE of BCG could reduce toxicity without compromising its efficacy in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer
- The patients were randomized to receive three different DOSEs of BCG: 40, 80, and 120 mg
- Reduction in the DOSE of intravesical BCG can reduce the toxicity associated with the treatment of superficial bladder cancer without affecting the efficacy of therapy.
2806. Feeding a diet containing a fructooligosaccharide mix can enhance Salmonella vaccine efficacy in mice.
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Harvard PubMed
- Balb/c mice were fed a diet containing 5% FOS:inulin mix or a control diet 1 wk before oral immunization with a suboptimal DOSE of live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine
2807. Titrating Theileria parva: single stocks against combination of stocks.
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Harvard PubMed
- Optimal immunizing DOSEs were estimated using models of trichotomous response: dysimmunization (death or severe reaction during immunization), immunization failure (death or severe reaction during lethal challenge) and successful immunization (neither dysimmunization nor immunization failure)
- We explain why titration trials conducted with a cocktail of antigens could predict a suboptimal immunization DOSE
2808. Vaccination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in immunocompromised mice.
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Harvard PubMed
- aeruginosa pneumonia than their nontreated counterparts, demonstrating 50% lethal DOSEs several logs lower than that in wild-type mice
2809. Influence of maternal antibodies on efficacy of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination to protect pigs from experimental infection with PCV2.
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- These results indicate that vaccination with Suvaxyn PCV2 One DOSE reduces viremia and prevents microscopic lesions associated with PCV2 in the presence of maternal antibodies.
2810. Efficacy of lyophilised C-strain vaccine after oral immunisation of domestic pigs and wild boar against classical swine fever: first results.
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Harvard PubMed
- Four vaccination groups were established in experiment 1 (group 1: recent liquid bait vaccine; group 2: spherical baits containing one DOSE of the lyophilised vaccine; groups 3 (domestic pigs) and 4 (wild boar): spherical baits containing two DOSEs of the lyophilised vaccine) and two groups in experiment 2 (group 1: recent liquid bait vaccine; group 2: spherical baits with two DOSEs of the lyophilised vaccine)
2811. Clonal vaccinia virus grown in cell culture fully protects monkeys from lethal monkeypox challenge.
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- Cynomolgus monkeys vaccinated with ACAM2000, Dryvax, or ACAM2000 diluent (control) were challenged 2 months post-vaccination with a lethal, intravenous DOSE of monkeypox virus
2812. DNA priming and killed virus boosting vaccination strategy can augment the immune response to pseudorabies virus.
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Harvard PubMed
- The challenge of vaccinated mice with the lethal DOSE of PRV showed that the complete protection against PRV was achieved in the group of mice immunized with the DNA and KV vaccines combined
2813. Adjuvant effect of anti-4-1BB mAb administration in adoptive T cell therapy of cancer.
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Harvard PubMed
- While T cells or anti-4-1BB alone showed no therapeutic efficacy in mice bearing macroscopic 10-day pulmonary metastases, T cells plus anti-4-1BB mediated significant tumor regression in an anti-4-1BB DOSE dependent manner
2814. Safety of the RTS,S/AS02A malaria vaccine in Mozambican children during a Phase IIb trial.
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Harvard PubMed
- 2022 children that received at least one vaccine DOSE of RTS,S/AS02A or control vaccines were included in the intention to treat safety analysis
- Participants were observed for at least 1h after each DOSE
- Local reactogenicity increased with the number of DOSEs
- Overall, these results indicate that the RTS,S/AS02A vaccine has a good safety profile and well tolerated when given in three DOSEs to semi-immune children living in malaria-endemic areas.
2815. [Adverse events following diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccinations and factors associated with severity].
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Harvard PubMed
- In calculating the rates, the numerator was the number of AEFV-DPT and as denominator was the number of DOSEs applied
- A total of 10,059 AEFV-DPT were identified, corresponding to 6,266 children who presented one or more AEFV-DPT, 29.5% were hospitalized and 68.2% presented contraindications for subsequent DPT DOSEs
- Time interval of less than one hour between vaccination and the event (OR = 2.1), first DOSE applied (OR=5.8) and previous personal (OR=2.2) and family (OR=5.3) neurological histories were independently associated with severe events
2816. Efficacy, duration, and onset of immunogenicity of a West Nile virus vaccine, live Flavivirus chimera, in horses with a clinical disease challenge model.
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Harvard PubMed
- To establish that a single immunogenicity DOSE of live Flavivirus chimera (WN-FV) vaccine protects horses from the disease and it induces a protective immune response, and to determine the duration of the protective immunity
2817. Promoters influence the kinetics of transgene expression following adenovector gene delivery.
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Harvard PubMed
- As different promoters have variable strengths and kinetic profiles, the optimal DOSE of a therapeutic transgene product over time may be achieved by varying the promoter
2818. Potent immunogenicity and efficacy of a universal influenza vaccine candidate comprising a recombinant fusion protein linking influenza M2e to the TLR5 ligand flagellin.
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- Moreover, immunization with STF2.4xM2e at a DOSE of 0.3 microg per mouse protected mice from a lethal challenge with influenza A virus, and significantly reduced weight loss and clinical symptoms
2819. Evaluation of protective immunity of Leptospira immunoglobulin like protein A (LigA) DNA vaccine against challenge in hamsters.
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Harvard PubMed
- All animals were challenged intraperitoneally 2 weeks after the last immunization with a DOSE (LD50=10(8)) of virulent L
2820. The opposing effects of lipopolysaccharide on the antitumor therapeutic efficacy of DNA vaccine.
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Harvard PubMed
- Our results indicate that variation in the LPS DOSEs exerts opposing effects on the therapeutic efficacy of DNA vaccine, and the observed effect is TLR4 dependent.
2821. [BCG vaccine against tuberculosis: its protective effect and vaccination policies].
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Harvard PubMed
- The objective was to analyze the protective effect of the BCG vaccine in its first and second DOSEs and the accompanying vaccination policies
- The protective effect of the first DOSE of the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis in its miliary and meningeal forms is high
- There are evidences that the protective effect of the BCG vaccine does not increase with a second DOSE
2822. Assessment of a vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine by use of the mouse model of Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever.
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Harvard PubMed
- Healthy mice were given the vaccine in various DOSEs, decreasing from 2 x 10(4) to 2 plaque-forming units (pfu), with both systemic and mucosal vaccination routes used
- Mice were challenged with 10(3) to 10(6) lethal DOSEs of mouse-adapted ZEBOV
- Severely immunocompromised mice were injected with 2 x 10(5) pfu, which is 10 times greater than the immunization DOSE normally used, to test vaccine safety
2823. Interleukin-15 increases vaccine efficacy through a mechanism linked to dendritic cell maturation and enhanced antibody titers.
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Harvard PubMed
- A significant, IL-15 DOSE-dependent increase in antigen-specific antibody was observed after coadministration with the vaccine and an aluminum-based adjuvant (alhydrogel)
2824. Efficacy of dose regimen and observation of herd immunity from a vaccine against Escherichia coli O157:H7 for feedlot cattle.
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Harvard PubMed
- The four treatments were (i) no vaccination; (ii) one DOSE, vaccinated once at reimplant (day 42); (iii) two DOSEs, vaccinated on arrival (day 0) and again at reimplant (day 42); and (iv) three DOSEs, vaccinated on arrival (day 0), on day 21, and again at reimplant (day 42)
- coli O157:H7 among cattle receiving different DOSEs of vaccine was compared with that of unvaccinated external control cattle, accounting for clustering by repeated measures, block, and pen and fixed effects of vaccine, corn product, and test period
- Vaccine efficacy of receiving one, two, and three DOSEs of vaccine was 68, 66, and 73%, respectively, compared with cattle in pens not receiving vaccine
- Cattle receiving three DOSEs of vaccine were significantly less likely to shed E
2825. Safety and efficacy of the pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine in healthy premature infants.
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Harvard PubMed
- Healthy infants 6-12 weeks of chronologic age at study entry were randomized to receive 3 oral DOSEs of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine or placebo at 4- to 10-week intervals
- A total of 2070 infants between 25 and 36 gestational weeks received at least 1 DOSE of vaccine or placebo; 1005 vaccine recipients and 1061 placebo recipients were evaluable for safety
- Overall, 3 DOSEs of the pentavalent vaccine reduced the rate of hospitalizations and emergency department visits in premature infants due to rotavirus gastroenteritis by 100% (95% CI: 82.2-100) compared with placebo
2826. Efficacy of vaccination to reduce Salmonella prevalence in live and slaughtered swine: a systematic review of literature from 1979 to 2007.
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Harvard PubMed
- Given large variability in population type, sample size, type of vaccine, DOSE and dosing regimens, and type of outcomes observed, pooled data analysis was not possible, and therefore, a qualitative synthesis of the studies was conducted
2827. Prevention strategies: experience of varicella vaccination programmes.
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- Although varicella outbreaks have occurred in vaccination areas, these data may underestimate the true efficacy of the varicella vaccine, and there is still the potential for two-DOSE programmes, which have not yet been fully explored in the USA or Canada
2828. Morphine-induced neuroimmunomodulation in murine visceral leishmaniasis: the role(s) of cytokines and nitric oxide.
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Harvard PubMed
- Low DOSEs of morphine, administered subcutaneously in Leishmania donovani-infected BALB/c mice, on days 0 and +15, significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed (1 mg/kg/day) or even sterile-cleared (2 mg/kg/day) the infection; paradoxically, high DOSEs (10 and 30 mg/kg/day) exacerbated the infection
- Naloxone pre-treatment of infected-mice (4 mg/kg x 2) and of infected-PM (1 x 10(-5) M), blocked only the morphine low DOSE/concentration-induced protective effect
- The splenocytes from protected mice and morphine low concentration-treated infected-PM, elaborated significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced levels of interleukin-12, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and nitrite in the culture medium; a high DOSE/concentration suppressed their elaboration
- Curiously, only morphine high DOSE/concentration-treated infected mice splenocytes and infected PM, produced significantly (p < 0.05) increased quantity of transforming growth factor-beta1
- Aminoguanidine, significantly (p < 0.05) blocked the morphine low DOSE/concentration-induced protective effect, in vivo and in vitro
- This first study demonstrates DOSE-dependent biphasic modulatory effects of morphine in L
2829. [Paralytic poliomyelitis in Russian Federation in 1998-2005].
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Harvard PubMed
- VAPP rate was 1 case per 1.6 million of distributed OPV DOSEs, 1 case per 2.2 million DOSEs for OPV recipients, and 1 case per 186,000 DOSEs for recipients of 1st OPV DOSE in children aged < 1 year
- Majority of VAPP cases in recipients occurred after 1st DOSE (89.4%) and in contacts--in non-vaccinated children (76%)
2830. Efficacy of human rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in European infants: randomised, double-blind controlled study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 3994 study participants were enrolled from six countries and were randomly assigned two oral DOSEs of either RIX4414 (n=2646) or placebo (n=1348), which were coadministered with the first two DOSEs of specific childhood vaccinations
- Follow-up for gastroenteritis episodes was undertaken from 2 weeks post-DOSE two through the two consecutive rotavirus seasons following vaccinations (combined efficacy follow-up period; mean duration 17 months [SD 1.6])
- Our primary endpoint was vaccine efficacy against rotavirus gastroenteritis of any severity during the first efficacy follow-up period (2 weeks post-DOSE two to the end of the first rotavirus season)
- In a European setting, two DOSEs of RIX4414 coadministered with childhood vaccines provided high protection against any and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, with an overall reduction of admissions for gastroenteritis over two consecutive rotavirus epidemic seasons.
2831. Interleukin-2 in cancer therapy: uses and optimum management of adverse effects.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- High-DOSE intravenous bolus rIL-2 is approved in the US in these 2 indications, based on evidence of rIL-2-induced durable remissions in a significant minority of patients
- Due to the toxicity associated with high-DOSE rIL-2, alternative regimens were investigated in RCC, including low-DOSE intravenous bolus, subcutaneous outpatient regimens and continuous intravenous infusion, yielding similar response rates
- A prospective randomised trial comparing different DOSEs and routes of administration is underway
- DOSE-limiting toxicities are primarily cardiovascular and pulmonary and are DOSE-dependent in frequency and severity
- Patients receiving high-DOSE regimens may require intensive care unit support, limiting its use to those with excellent performance status and adequate organ function
- Patients receiving less intensive DOSE regimens may require less rigorous screening and monitoring
2832. A small dose of HIV? HIV vaccine mental models and risk communication.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2833. Correlation of Clostridium botulinum type C antitoxin titers in mink and guinea pigs to protection against type C intoxication in mink.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE-dependent antitoxin response was observed in guinea pigs vaccinated with the critical dilutions of vaccine bracketing the minimum protective DOSE in mink
2834. Prospects for the development of new vaccine adjuvants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Adjuvant formulations and technologies exist to permit development of mucosal delivery, needle-free parenteral delivery and single DOSE vaccines
2835. [Prophylactic use of ceftriaxone in combination with F I antigen immunization in studies on uninbred albino mice infected by Yersinia pestis. Antiplague immunity development].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- pestis 231 (approximately 1000 LD50) in the DOSE equivalent to the daily DOSE for humans
- The use of ceftriaxone according to the same scheme simultaneously with single immunization by F I antigen in a DOSE of 100 mcg/mouse resulted not only in 100-percent survival of the animals but also in development of expressing antiplague immunity (II 2.2x10(5))
- The protection level corresponded to the control with the same live-stock of the animals after a single immunization in the analogous DOSE of F I antigen (II 3.2x10(4)) and the ceftriaxone use (II 1.0x10(5)), as well as after immunization of the mice by 10(6) microbial cells of Y
2836. Long-term efficacy of human papillomavirus vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mathematical modeling analyses based on a three-DOSE regimen of HPV type 16 prophylactic vaccine indicated that 99% of 16- to 23-year-old women would have almost life-long detectable anti-HPV-16 levels
2837. Rabies vaccines: a review of progress towards improved efficacy and safety.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The standard WHO recommended regimen for PET using concentrated and purified tissue culture vaccines consists of a 5-DOSE course of intramuscular injections at days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28
2838. Practical considerations in converting from plasma-derived to recombinant hepatitis B vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The protection afforded by both types of vaccine is satisfactory for at least 5 to 10 years after vaccination, and a further booster DOSE is not necessary during this period
2839. Tetravalent human-rhesus reassortant rotavirus vaccine: a review of its immunogenicity, tolerability and protective efficacy against paediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- RRV-TV 4 x 10(4), 4 x 10(5) or 4 x 10(6) plaque-forming units (PFU) per DOSE induces seroresponse rates (generally defined as a >or=4-fold increase in antibody titre) of 48 to 93% for IgA against RRV and 49 to 90% for neutralising antibodies to RRV after 1 to 3 DOSEs in infants aged >or=4 weeks
- The rates generally increase with sequential DOSEs, but not necessarily with increased vaccine titre
2840. Immune response to nucleotide-supplemented infant formulae: systematic review and meta-analysis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This systematic review analyzed the available evidence to establish the efficacy, safety and DOSE-response effect of ribonucleotide-supplemented infant formulae (RSIFs)
2841. Efficacy and long-term immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in haemodialysis patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study, we initially offered HBV vaccination as double DOSE, four vaccine series schedule (40 microg injections intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle at 0, 1, 2 and 6 months) to 54 HD patients who were negative for hepatitis B core antibody and did not receive any DOSE of HBV vaccine previously
2842. Viral vector-based prime-boost immunization regimens: a possible involvement of T-cell competition.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2843. A recombinant turkey herpesvirus expressing chicken interleukin-2 increases the protection provided by in ovo vaccination with infectious bursal disease and infectious bronchitis virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Reduction in the DOSE of vaccines given in ovo is one possibility to ensure embryo safety though efficacy can be reduced when low DOSEs are used
- Co-delivery of the IL-2/HVT with low DOSEs of the IBDV or IBV vaccines significantly increased the antibody response against these viruses
- This suggests that the co-delivery of IL-2/HVT with low DOSEs of other vaccines in ovo may be one method to increase the number of vaccines that can be given safely and efficaciously via in ovo vaccination.
2844. DNA immunization using constant-current electroporation affords long-term protection from autochthonous mammary carcinomas in cancer-prone transgenic mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thus, vaccination using a clinically relevant DOSE of plasmid encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the neu oncogene delivered by electroporation prevents long-term tumor formation
2845. Robustness of measles immunity in parturient women in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain, in the post-vaccination era.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To protect susceptible infants against measles in countries with long-established vaccination programs where measles immunity in parturient women was artificially acquired, it is essential to ensure that both DOSEs of the routine measles vaccine achieve a coverage of >95%, and that infants receive the first vaccination DOSE before 15 months of age (e.g
2846. Seroprevalence of antibodies to poliovirus in individuals living in Portugal, 2002.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For poliovirus type 3, the suboptimal antibody levels observed in teenagers and young adults suggest the need for a booster DOSE to minimise the risk of wild poliovirus importation.
2847. Comparative efficacy of two dosages of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in healthy adolescents in India.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- GeneVac-B, a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Serum Institute of India, Pune, India), was administered in 10 or 20 microg DOSE intramuscularly to 2 groups of 100 healthy school-going adolescents at 0-, 1-, and 6-month intervals, who were followed up for 1 year
- Group I received 20 mug DOSEs whereas Group II received 10 mug DOSEs
- Blood samples were collected 1 month after each DOSE and 1 year after the third DOSE
- The geometric mean titer value of the anti-HBs titer 1 month after the third DOSE was 2629 (mlU/mL) in Group I and 1373 mlU/mL for Group II subjects
- One year after the third DOSE, the persistence of anti-HBs in those who had received 20 mug was 2262 mlU/mL whereas it was 1039 mlU/mL in the group receiving 10 microg DOSEs
- The study demonstrated the immunogenicity of the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, and confirms that the 0.5 mL (10 microg) DOSE of GeneVac B can be administered with satisfactory safety and immunogenicity to adolescents up to 19 years of age, reducing the cost to less than U.S
- $1.00 per DOSE making it acceptable for the Universal Programme of Immunization of developing and under developed countries.
2848. Physician compliance with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine shortage recommendations in 2004.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During 2004 PCV shortages, the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices recommended delay of DOSEs 3 and 4 (PCV3 and PCV4) to healthy children
- A managed care health plan evaluated PCV DOSEs administered to all enrolled children at ages 3, 5, 7, and 16 months in 2004; ICD9 codes were used to identify high-risk children
- Immunization coverage for the first two PCV DOSEs remained relatively stable throughout 2004 for both high-risk and healthy children
- Most children whose PCV3 DOSE may have been delayed during the shortage did receive PCV3 after the shortage
2849. Vaccination against influenza in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the effect of rituximab on the humoral response.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Split-virion inactivated vaccine containing 15 microg haemagglutinin/DOSE of B/Shanghai/361/02 (SHAN), A/New Caledonian/20/99 (NC) (H1N1) and A/California/7/04 (CAL) (H3N2) was used
2850. Safety and efficacy in geese of a PER.C6-based inactivated West Nile virus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2851. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and the second dose of MMR.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2852. Immunization with a lentivector that targets tumor antigen expression to dendritic cells induces potent CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- As immunization with the optimal DOSE of the dectin-2 lentivector was similar to that stimulated by a lentivector containing a strong constitutive viral promoter, targeting antigen expression to dendritic cells can provide a safe and effective vaccine.
2853. Protection of rhesus monkeys by a DNA prime/poxvirus boost malaria vaccine depends on optimal DNA priming and inclusion of blood stage antigens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The present study reports three further experiments where we investigate the effects of DNA DOSE, timing, and formulation
- However, the total DOSE used for DNA priming is not as important; 2) the blood stage antigens PkAMA-1 and PkMSP-1 were able to protect against high parasitemias as part of a genetic vaccine where antigen folding is not well defined; 3) immunization with PkSSP2 DNA inhibited immune responses to PkCSP DNA even when vaccinations were given into separate legs; and 4) in a counter-intuitive result, higher interferon-gamma ELIspot responses to the PkCSP antigen correlated with earlier appearance of parasites in the blood, despite the fact that PkCSP vaccines had a protective effect.
2854. [Efficacy of vaccination against hepatitis B in adult with HIV infection].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Response for additional DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine among the patients who do not develop protective anti-HBs level after routine vaccination schedule was analysed
- HBvaxPro vaccine produced by Merck Sharp & Dohme Company, DOSE registered for adults (10 ug) was injected at month 0-1-6
- Patients with anti-HBs <10 IU/l have received booster DOSEs of vaccine month intervals, no more then three
- After the fist additional DOSE of vaccine anti-HBs >10 IU/l had 79.7% patients, 87.1% after the second DOSE and 90.7% after the third DOSE
- Additional vaccine's DOSEs have improved efficacy of immunisation which was comparable with general population.
2855. Impact of baseline covariates on the immunogenicity of a quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) human papillomavirus virus-like-particle vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Anti-HPV responses were summarized as serum anti-HPV-6, -11, -16, or -18 geometric mean titers 1 month after DOSE 3
2856. Efficacy of measles and rubella vaccination one year after the nationwide campaign in Shiraz, Iran.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These data indicate that an increase in immunization coverage by supplementary administration of a second DOSE of measles vaccine is needed to interrupt the endemic transmission of the measles virus.
2857. Safety of the RTS,S/AS02D candidate malaria vaccine in infants living in a highly endemic area of Mozambique: a double blind randomised controlled phase I/IIb trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Infants were randomly assigned to receive three DOSEs either of RTS,S/AS02D or the hepatitis B vaccine Engerix-B at ages 10 weeks, 14 weeks, and 18 weeks of age, as well as routine immunisation vaccines given at 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age
- Secondary endpoints included immunogenicity and analysis of new Plasmodium falciparum infections during a 3-month follow up after the third DOSE
2858. Hepatitis A vaccine versus immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We randomly assigned household and day-care contacts, 2 to 40 years of age, in Almaty, Kazakhstan, to receive one standard age-appropriate DOSE of hepatitis A vaccine or immune globulin within 14 days after exposure to patients with hepatitis A
2859. Complement C3d conjugation to anthrax protective antigen promotes a rapid, sustained, and protective antibody response.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- anthracis spores, and was approximately 10-fold more effective than alum-PA immunization or PA/IFA based on DOSE challenge
2860. Immunogenicity of the recombinant leptospiral putative outer membrane proteins as vaccine candidates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2861. Efficacy of an intranasal modified live bovine respiratory syncytial virus and temperature-sensitive parainfluenza type 3 virus vaccine in 3-week-old calves experimentally challenged with PI3V.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two experimental parainfluenza type 3 virus (PI3V) challenge studies were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a single intranasal DOSE of an attenuated live vaccine containing modified live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and temperature-sensitive PI3V in 3-week-old calves
2862. A cost-effectiveness analysis of adding a human papillomavirus vaccine to the Australian National Cervical Cancer Screening Program.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination with screening compared with screening alone was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $51 103 per LY and $18 735 per QALY, assuming a cost per vaccine DOSE of $115
2863. Use of an experimental model to test the efficacy of planned exposure to live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The objectives of this study were to test the efficacy and safety of planned exposure to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in protecting naïve and previously exposed pigs against PRRSV challenge and to gain information on the DOSE of PRRSV necessary to induce a protective immune response
- Fifty 2-week-old pigs were randomly assigned to one of five groups: a group exposed to a low DOSE of autogenous PRRSV vaccine (the L-VAC group), a group exposed to a high DOSE of autogenous vaccine (the H-VAC group), a group exposed to a low DOSE of a heterologous PRRSV strain (strain SDSU73) prior to planned exposure (the SDSU73-L-VAC group), a group exposed to a high DOSE of a heterologous PRRSV strain (strain SDSU73) prior to planned exposure (the SDSU73-H-VAC group), and a control group
2864. Effect of high-dose vitamin A supplementation on the immune response to Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2865. DNA vaccine encoding ESAT-6 enhances the protective efficacy of BCG against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The immunized mice were challenged intravenously with low-DOSE virulent M
2866. Eight years of hepatitis B vaccination in Colombia with a recombinant vaccine: factors influencing hepatitis B virus infection and effectiveness.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Receiving the first DOSE of HBV vaccine at more than two months after birth was one of the factors associated with HBV carrier status
2867. Cattle immune response to botulinum type D toxoid: results of a vaccination study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To this end, three different immunization protocols and the effect of maternal anti-BoNT/D antibodies, at the priming DOSE, were analyzed in 2-month-old dairy calves
- Here we show that using the current vaccination strategy of using a priming DOSE in 2-month-old calves followed by booster DOSEs after 4 weeks and annually thereafter, did not result in continuous protective levels of anti-BoNT/D antibodies
- Vaccination study in calves indicated that adding a 6-month booster DOSE to the current protocol resulted in continuous protective levels of anti-BoNT/D antibodies well above the cut-off protective levels
2868. DNA vaccination with VP2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) delivered by transgenic E. coli DH5alpha given orally confers protective immune responses in chickens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The efficacy of different DOSEs of oral DNA vaccines carrying VP2 gene of vvIBDV delivered by E
- Vaccination with EC/pRc-VP2 at the DOSE rate of 10(9)CFU per chicken conferred 95.4% protection of the chickens against the challenge with homologous virulent field strain of vvIBDV
2869. Equine influenza vaccine containing older H3N8 strains offers protection against A/eq/South Africa/4/03 (H3N8) strain in a short-term vaccine efficacy study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two DOSEs of Duvaxyn IE-T Plus provides good clinical and virological protection against challenge with a variant virus 2 weeks after the 2 DOSEs of vaccine
2870. Cost-effectiveness of screening and vaccinating Asian and Pacific Islander adults for hepatitis B.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A universal vaccination strategy in which all individuals are given a 3-DOSE vaccination series; a screen-and-treat strategy, in which individuals are given blood tests to determine whether they are chronically infected, and infected persons are monitored and treated; a screen, treat, and ring vaccinate strategy, in which all individuals are tested for chronic HBV infection and close contacts of infected persons are screened and vaccinated if needed; and a screen, treat, and vaccinate strategy, in which all individuals are tested and then vaccinated with a 3-DOSE series if needed
2871. Evaluation of a two-dose administration of live oral poliovirus vaccine for wild and virulent vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1, 2, 3 strains in Japan.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We evaluated the efficacy of Japan's vaccination policy, a 2-DOSE administration of live oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) against wild and virulent vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) type 1, 2, 3 strains, by investigating the neutralizing antibody titers of residents in Toyama Prefecture, Japan
- A booster DOSE of the vaccine for the type 3 virus is recommended for adolescents
2872. Protection against clinical pertussis induced by whole-cell pertussis vaccination is related to primo-immunisation intervals.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These results were based on a historical UK cohort using wP vaccine, and indicate that a vaccination schedule with an interval between the immunisations greater than 4 months, and also including a fourth immunisation, would be more effective in this population than a three DOSE schedule within a shorter interval without booster.
2873. Protective immunization in mice against group B streptococci using encapsulated C5a peptidase.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Booster DOSEs were given at days 21 and 42
- Eighty-seven percent and 81% of the pups from intramuscularly and intranasally vaccinated dams survived a 90% lethal DOSE (LD90) GBS challenge vs 9% born to nonvaccinated dams
2874. Study of the safety and efficacy of a recombinant vaccine for bluetongue virus serotype 2.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The same number of animals and species were vaccinated with 2.5 ml (the normal vaccination DOSE) and 2 cows, 2 sheep and 2 goats were inoculated with a placebo and the adjuvant added to the vaccine
- Animals vaccinated with the normal DOSE received a booster 14 days after the first injection and 8 sheep a third vaccination 4 months after the second inoculation
2875. Dose and timing requirements for immunogenicity of viral poultry vaccine antigen: investigations of emulsion-based depot function.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Here we assess the DOSE and regimen requirements for viral antigen in immunization experiments in chickens
- Our aim was to compare the antibody responses in repeatedly injected animals, receiving fractioned DOSEs of antigen, with the responses in animals receiving only one injection of the full DOSE of antigen formulated in either a W/O emulsion or in saline
- Immunization with a higher first DOSE evoked an early higher antibody response, which, however, reached a similar plateau level at the end of the regimen
- When compared with lower first-DOSE regimens, a slow decline of serum antibody titre 2 weeks after the end of antigen injections indicated that repeated injection of small DOSEs of antigen indeed mimics the efficacy of depot-forming adjuvants
- All regimens of fractioned antigen in saline, however, proved less effective, when compared with a single-DOSE vaccination of the cumulative amount of antigen formulated in a W/O emulsion
2876. Protective immunity against botulism provided by a single dose vaccination with an adenovirus-vectored vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After a single DOSE of 2 x 10(7)pfu adenoviral vectors, the animals were completely protected against intraperitoneal challenge with 100 x MLD(50) of active BoNT/C
- The protective immunity appeared to be vaccine DOSE-dependent
2877. Phase I/II study of vaccination with electrofused allogeneic dendritic cells/autologous tumor-derived cells in patients with stage IV renal cell carcinoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Patients received up to 3 vaccinations at a fixed DOSE of 4x10(7) to 1x10(8) cells administered at 6-week intervals
2878. OmpL1 DNA vaccine cross-protects against heterologous Leptospira spp. challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The protective efficacy of the ompL1-pcDNA3.1(+) plasmid DNA vaccine was studied by immunizing hamsters intramuscularly with three DOSEs of the vaccine (100 microg per DOSE) at two week intervals
2879. [Immunogenicity of the recombinant Bacillus strains with cloned gene of biosynthesis of protective antigen against Bacillus anthracis].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single inoculation of Guinea pigs with the DOSE of 5 x 107 spores of the recombinant strains imparted efficient protection against B
2880. High-cell-passage canine coronavirus vaccine providing sterilising immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For safety tests, two additional dogs were inoculated oronasally with 10 times the vaccinal DOSE and no reactions were observed
2881. Protective immunity of E. coli-synthesized NS1 protein of Japanese encephalitis virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) NS1 proteins generated using DNA vaccines and recombinant viruses have been demonstrated to induce protection in mice against a challenge of JEV at a lethal DOSE
2882. Eradication of large tumors in mice by a tritherapy targeting the innate, adaptive, and regulatory components of the immune system.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Administration of a tritherapy including CpG complexed with a cationic lipid, low-DOSE cyclophosphamide, and the CyaA-E7 vaccine completely overcame tumor-associated immunosuppression and eradicated large, established tumors in almost all treated animals
2883. Safety and protective efficacy of intramuscular vaccination with a live aroA derivative of Pasteurella multocida B:2 against experimental hemorrhagic septicemia in calves.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Overall, a clear DOSE-dependent response was present, with those receiving a higher vaccine DOSE being less affected clinically, bacteriologically, and pathologically by the wild-type challenge
2884. Chitosan microparticles as oral delivery system for tetanus toxoid.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE dependent immune response was observed in mice vaccinated with Chitosan-TT microparticles
2885. Effects of Fusarium toxins on growth, humoral immune response and internal organs in weaner pigs, and the efficacy of apple pomace as an antidote.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2886. Host and environmental factors associated with Hib in England, 1998-2002.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In fully immunised children, receipt of all three DOSEs of the primary course as an acellular pertussis-containing combination vaccine (DTaP-Hib) increased the risk of vaccine failure (OR 2.88 (95% CI 0.99 to 8.37), p = 0.01)
- Day care attendance between 2 and 5 years of age was linked with a DOSE-dependent reduction in risk (AOR (trend) 0.79 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.93); p = 0.01), possibly because of natural boosting of immunity
2887. Attenuation and protective efficacy of an O-antigen-deficient mutant of Francisella tularensis LVS.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunization with WbtI(G191V) protected mice against a relatively low-DOSE intraperitoneal challenge with LVS, but was less protective against a high-DOSE challenge
2888. Generation and characterization of hybridoma antibodies for immunotherapy of tularemia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An IgG2a antibody, reactive with the LPS preparation, conferred full protection when administered either systemically or intranasally to BALB/c mice post challenge with a lethal DOSE of intranasal LVS; three other antibodies prolonged survival
2889. Cost-effectiveness of childhood hepatitis A vaccination in Argentina: a second dose is warranted.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To investigate the cost-effectiveness of childhood vaccination against hepatitis A in the five geographic regions of Argentina, and to determine whether adding a second DOSE to the current one-DOSE schedule would provide health gains justifying its added cost
- The cost-effectiveness of first and second vaccine DOSEs was assessed through a range of vaccine prices and assumptions regarding the duration of vaccine protection
- The one-DOSE vaccination policy is predicted to reduce each birth cohort member's 50-year probability of overt hepatitis A from 7.2% to 4.1%
- A second DOSE would reduce the probability to between 2.0% and 2.2%
- The first vaccine DOSE would meet accepted standards of cost-effectiveness in each region, and reduce costs in the Northeast, Central, and South regions
- Adding a second DOSE at age 18 months would be cost-effective in each region, and further reduce costs in the Cuyo region
- If the duration of protection with one DOSE is less than anticipated, the second DOSE would be more cost-effective
- Greater health gains are derived from the first than second hepatitis A vaccine DOSE
- However, this analysis supports the cost-effectiveness of providing both first and second DOSEs to Argentina's children.
2890. Effects of vaccine dose, virus challenge dose and interval from vaccination to challenge on protection of broiler chickens against Marek's disease virus challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To examine the effects of varying the DOSEs of turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine and Marek's disease virus (MDV) challenge at two intervals after vaccination on the protection of chickens against challenge with MDV
- Experiment 1, a DOSE response study, consisted of 11 DOSEs of HVT vaccine administered at hatch followed by challenge with 100 plaque forming units (pfu) of MDV 5 days post vaccination
- Experiment 2, a 2 x 6 x 2 factorial design, included two HVT vaccine types, six different DOSEs of HVT vaccine and 50 pfu and 200 pfu of MDV challenge 2 days post vaccination
- Experiment 1 showed a significant positive linear relationship between DOSE of HVT vaccine and protective index in chickens challenged 5 days post vaccination
- In Experiment 2 neither HVT vaccine provided significant protection at any DOSE
- There was no significant effect of vaccine type or MDV challenge DOSE on overall protection against challenge
- HVT vaccine DOSE had a significant impact on protective index, but vaccination to challenge interval appeared to have greater impact on the protective efficacy of vaccination
- A fourfold increase in challenge DOSE increased mortality rate and incidence of MD.
2891. Partial protection against H5N1 influenza in mice with a single dose of a chimpanzee adenovirus vector expressing nucleoprotein.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2892. Avian influenza A viruses in birds of the order Psittaciformes: reports on virus isolations, transmission experiments and vaccinations and initial studies on innocuity and efficacy of oseltamivir in ovo.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2893. Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate for reduction of aflatoxin in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2894. A live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine is administered as two oral DOSEs with at least four weeks between DOSEs
- The first DOSE may be administered from the age of 6 weeks, and both DOSEs should be completed by 24 weeks of age.
2895. Effects of DNA- and Mycobacterium bovis BCG-based delivery of the Flt3 ligand on protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- BCG and BCG:Flt3L provided similar protective efficacies against low-DOSE aerosol M
2896. Immunotherapy in mantle cell lymphoma: anti-CD20-based therapy and beyond.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A Phase I/II study is ongoing to determine the maximum tolerated DOSE (MTD) and the efficacy of lenalidomide in combination with Rituximab for relapsed/refractory MCL
2897. Efficacy of a multigenic protein vaccine containing multimeric HIV gp160 against heterologous SHIV clade C challenges.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All vaccinated and control monkeys were exposed orally to low-DOSE, R5-tropic SHIV-1157ip encoding heterologous env
- Animals with no or only transient infection were rechallenged intrarectally with a high DOSE of R5 SHIV-1157ipd3N4, a 'late', animal-evolved SHIV-1157ip variant
2898. Efficacy of accelerated hepatitis B vaccination program in patients being actively treated for hematologic malignancies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Anti-HBs titers above 10IU/l at 1 and 3 months after the final DOSE were accepted as protective
2899. Enhanced efficacy in anti-tumour activity by combined therapy of recombinant FGFR-1 related angiogenesis and low-dose cytotoxic agent.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study, we evaluated the anti-tumour efficacy of chicken FGFR-1 (cFR-1) vaccine combined with low-DOSE gemcitabine in two mice tumour models
- We found that both the cFR-1 vaccine and low-DOSE gemcitabine can suppress tumour growth to some extent
2900. Improved efficacy of a licensed acellular pertussis vaccine, reformulated in an adjuvant emulsion of liposomes in oil, in a murine model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of the liposome/oil emulsion-adjuvanted vaccine produced significantly higher antibody levels than one DOSE of the licensed vaccine and protected mice from Bordetella pertussis infection with an efficacy equivalent to that of three DOSEs of the licensed vaccine.
2901. Improve protective efficacy of a TB DNA-HSP65 vaccine by BCG priming.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The amount of DOSEs, route and easiness of administration are also important points to consider in the design of new DNA vaccines
- In this study, we have shown that heterologous prime-boost vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) using intranasal BCG priming/DNA-HSP65 boosting (BCGin/DNA) provided significantly greater protection than that afforded by a single subcutaneous or intranasal DOSE of BCG
- In addition, BCGin/DNA immunization was also more efficient in controlling bacterial loads than were the other prime-boost schedules evaluated or three DOSEs of DNA-HSP65 as a naked DNA
- The single DOSE of DNA-HSP65 booster enhanced the immunogenicity of a single subcutaneous BCG vaccination, as evidenced by the significantly higher serum levels of anti-Hsp65 IgG2a Th1-induced antibodies, as well as by the significantly greater production of IFN-gamma by antigen-specific spleen cells
2902. Long-term protection against HBV chronic carriage of Gambian adolescents vaccinated in infancy and immune response in HBV booster trial in adolescence.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thus a booster DOSE in adolescence could be important to maintain long-term protection
- At the same time, 297 of the 492 infant-vaccinated subjects were randomly offered a booster DOSE of HBV vaccine
2903. Estimating the number needed to vaccinate to prevent diseases and death related to human papillomavirus infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The latter number would be greatly reduced with the addition of a booster DOSE, to 480 (80% CrI 254-1572)
2904. Study of the risk factors for severe childhood pertussis based on hospital surveillance data.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For infants, factors associated with a decreased risk of severe disease (defined as hospitalization in intensive care unit, assisted ventilation or death) were having received the first DOSE of vaccine, being seen late in the course of the disease and in a local hospital
- Data also suggested that protection may increase with the number of DOSEs administered
2905. Cost-utility analysis of vaccination against HPV in Israel.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Assuming non-waning efficacy, HPV vaccinations will become cost-effective, very cost-effective and cost saving when the cost per DOSE falls below $96.85, $50.42 and $27.20, respectively
2906. Consultation meeting on the development of therapeutic vaccines for post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- amazonensis (combined with low DOSE of antimonial), have shown efficacy in immunotherapy and immuno-chemotherapy, respectively
2907. [Proposals concerning ways of control of hepatitis B in Poland since 2008].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Introducing of booster DOSE seems to be available in 14, opposite immunological memory, because: very high incidence rate of hepatitis B in past was noted in Poland; still now high incidence rate is noted in the groups 15-19 and 20-24 also in some voyvodships; documented immunological memory lasts only 15 years
2908. Ethnicity as a correlate of the uptake of the first dose of mumps, measles and rubella vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether a relationship exists between ethnicity and uptake of the first DOSE of mumps, measles and rubella (MMR1) vaccination, and to study important factors influencing the parental decision about vaccination
2909. Rabbitpox virus and vaccinia virus infection of rabbits as a model for human smallpox.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Here, we reinvestigate a rabbit model in which the intradermal infection of rabbits with very low DOSEs of either rabbitpox virus (RPV) or vaccinia virus Western Reserve (VV-WR) recapitulates many of the clinical features of human smallpox
- Finally, we tested the efficacy of the drug 1-O-hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir in the RPV/rabbit model and found that an oral DOSE of 5 mg/kg twice a day for 5 days beginning 1 day before infection was able to completely protect rabbits from lethal disease.
2910. Factors associated with a measles outbreak in children admitted at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The strengthening of campaigns with large, widespread high second DOSE coverage is likely to be a key measure to prevent further measles outbreaks in Laos (192 words).
2911. Response to measles, mumps, and rubella revaccination in HIV-infected children with immune recovery after highly active antiretroviral therapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Each child received 1 DOSE of MMR vaccine, and antibodies were measured at 4 and 24 weeks after vaccination
2912. Risk factors for development of multiple-class resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains in Belgium over a 10-year period: antimicrobial consumption, population density, and geographic location.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Analysis at the geographic level identified antimicrobial consumption with a 1-year lag (0.5% increase per additional defined daily DOSE) and population density as independent predictors of multiple resistance
2913. Identifying risk factors for underimmunization by using geocoding matched to census tracts: a statewide assessment of children in Hawaii.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The main outcome variable was up-to-date status for the 4:3:1:3:3 vaccination series (4 DOSEs of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, 3 DOSEs of polio, 1 DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella, 3 DOSEs of Haemophilus influenzae type b, and 3 DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccines)
2914. Rituximab treatment for chronic refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In most clinical reports, rituximab was given as an intravenous infusion at a DOSE of 375 mg/m(2) weekly for four DOSEs
2915. Application of PCR technology in vaccine product development.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this review, the general principles of conventional and real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) technology and its application in vaccine product development for quantitation of vaccine DOSE (genome quantitation assay), infectivity (Q-PCR-based potency assay), process residuals, stability, adventitious agents, safety assessment and clinical studies are described
2916. Hepatitis B virus vaccine in lymphoproliferative disorders: a prospective randomized study evaluating the efficacy of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor as a vaccine adjuvant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One- hundred and two patients with LPD were randomized to receive either a single DOSE of 40 mug HBV(vac) intramuscularly or one course of 40 mug HBV(vac) after 5 mug/kg recombinant GM-CSF injection
- GM-CSF enhance to HBV(vac) in terms of the rate of response and average of antibody titers at the DOSE and schedule given.
2917. Human monoclonal antibodies against anthrax lethal factor and protective antigen act independently to protect against Bacillus anthracis infection and enhance endogenous immunity to anthrax.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single 180-mug DOSE of either antibody given to A/J mice 2.5 h before challenge conferred 100% protection against a lethal intraperitoneal spore challenge with 24 50% lethal DOSEs [LD50s] of B
- anthracis Sterne and against rechallenge on day 20 with a more aggressive challenge DOSE of 41 LD50s
2918. Poor correlation between BCG vaccination-induced T cell responses and protection against tuberculosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, limited information is available correlating route and DOSE of vaccination and induction of specific T cell responses with protection against tuberculosis
2919. A comparison of immunogenicity and protective immunity against experimental plague by intranasal and/or combined with oral immunization of mice with attenuated Salmonella serovar Typhimurium expressing secreted Yersinia pestis F1 and V antigen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE of 10(8) CFU of X85MF1 or X85V induced appreciable serum F1- or V-specific IgG titres, although oral immunization did not
2920. Vaccines for preventing Japanese encephalitis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A two-DOSE schedule of the licensed vaccine provided significant protection of 95% (95% CI 10% to 100%) for one year only, while two DOSEs of an unpurified precursor vaccine protected children by 81% (95% CI 45% to 94%) in year one and by 59% (95% CI 2% to 83%) in year two
- Further trials of effectiveness and safety are needed for the currently used vaccines, especially concerning DOSE levels and schedules
2921. Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We computed vaccine efficacy per year of follow up and cumulative three-year efficacy, stratifying for vaccine type and DOSE
- Of the 17 included RCTs, 10 evaluated efficacy (Ty21a: 5 trials; Vi polysaccharide: 4 trials, Vi-rEPA: 1 trial), and 11 reported on adverse events.Ty21a vaccine (3 DOSEs)
- Compared with placebo, this vaccine was not associated with an increased rate of fever, vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea or abdominal pain, headache, or rash.Vi polysaccharide vaccine (1 DOSE)
- Compared with placebo, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of fever or erythema, but local swelling was more common with the vaccine.Vi-rEPA vaccine (2 DOSEs)
2922. [The bacillus Calmette-Guérin as immunomodulator in bladder cancer].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Current treatment consists of an induction phase of 6 weeks and a maintenance DOSE schedule of 3 weeks every three months up to 36
- The majority of patients present adverse events related to DOSE administration due to bladder inflammatory response and on only a few occasions, there are mayor complications like granulomatous prostatitis
2923. Safety and efficacy of the Mycoplasma synoviae MS-H vaccine in turkeys.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study, MS-H was shown to colonize the upper respiratory system and to induce an antibody response in turkeys but, even at the maximum release DOSE, was not found to cause air sac, joint, or tracheal lesions typical of wild-type MS infection
- Histopathologic examinations of the vaccinated turkeys after exposure to a virulent MS challenge revealed that administration of the vaccine by aerosol, but not eye drop, at the DOSE recommended for chickens protected the birds against microscopic lesions and colonization of the virulent MS in trachea
- It is concluded that MS-H vaccine is safe for use in turkeys and, when used as aerosol at the DOSE recommended for commercial chickens, can protect turkeys against tracheal lesions caused by a wild-type MS strain.
2924. Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine and prevention of paratyphoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In randomized, controlled field trials in Area Norte and Area Occidente of Santiago, Chile, 2 (Norte) or 3 (Occidente) DOSEs of live oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a in enteric-coated capsules conferred protection against confirmed Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi disease (53% efficacy in Norte; 67% efficacy in Occidente) during 3 years of follow-up
2925. Protracted sterile protection with Plasmodium yoelii pre-erythrocytic genetically attenuated parasite malaria vaccines is independent of significant liver-stage persistence and is mediated by CD8+ T cells.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The low 50% infectious DOSE of P
- A single DOSE of Pyuis4(-) sporozoites conferred complete protection, but full protection by Pyuis3(-) sporozoites required at least 2 immunizations
2926. Efficacy of the human rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 in malnourished children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2927. Adjuvant therapy of melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Adjuvant interferon-alpha has been tested both at high DOSE and at lower DOSEs
- None of the trials have shown a reproducible benefit in survival, although the high-DOSE trials and some of the low-DOSE trials have shown improvement in time to relapse
- These experiences raise the question of whether chronic administration is more important than DOSE
- High-DOSE interferon-alpha for 1 year remains the only U.S
- Food and Drug Administration-approved adjuvant therapy for melanoma, but long-term chronic dosing of interferon-alpha may prove more effective than short-term DOSE schedules
2928. WT1 peptide cancer vaccine for patients with hematopoietic malignancies and solid cancers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In contrast, reduction of WT1 peptide DOSE may be needed for the treatment of patients with hematological stem cell diseases, because rapid and strong destruction of malignant cell-sustained hematopoiesis before recovery of normal hematopoiesis may lead to pancytopenia in these patients.
2929. Safety of rush immunotherapy using a modified schedule: a cumulative experience of 893 patients receiving multiple aeroallergens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The protocol's final DOSE ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 mL of a 1:1000 dilution of extracts manufactured by ALK and Greer Laboratories
- Patients continued on to higher DOSEs by resuming a conventional schedule
- Systemic reactions occur less frequently using a lower targeted final DOSE than previously described in the literature.
2930. Impact of the human papilloma vaccine on cervical cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Advances are needed to develop single-DOSE, heat-stable, needle-free, and affordable formulations of the HPV vaccine to overcome the socioeconomic barriers associated with this disease.
2931. Preferential expression of very late antigen-4 on type 1 CTL cells plays a critical role in trafficking into central nervous system tumors.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- VLA-4 expression on Tc2 cells was down-regulated in an interleukin (IL)-4 DOSE-dependent manner but not by other type 2 cytokines, such as IL-10 and IL-13, suggesting that IL-4 uniquely down-regulates VLA-4 expression on these cells
2932. Potential cost-effectiveness of vaccination for rotavirus gastroenteritis in eight Latin American and Caribbean countries.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At a cost of US$ 24 per course (for a two-DOSE vaccine), the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio ranged from 269 US dollars/DALY in Honduras to 10,656 US dollars/DALY in Chile
2933. Outbreak of measles in primary school students with high first dose MMR vaccination coverage.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Indigenous cases of measles continue to occur in Singapore despite the implementation of a two-DOSE mumps, measles and rubella (MMR) vaccination policy in 1998
- None of them had received the second DOSE of the MMR vaccine
- 93 percent of students in the affected classes (n = 184) had prior documented evidence of receiving at least one DOSE of MMR vaccination, as compared to 96.5 percent for the entire school enrolment (n = 1,309)
- The VE for the primary DOSE of MMR in the affected classes was 97.8 percent
- It is important to achieve a high coverage for the primary DOSE of MMR vaccine in order to prevent any potential outbreaks prior to receiving the booster DOSE.
2934. Prevention of varicella: recommendations for use of varicella vaccines in children, including a recommendation for a routine 2-dose varicella immunization schedule.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- National varicella immunization coverage using the current 1-DOSE immunization strategy has increased among vaccine-eligible children 19 through 35 months of age from 27% in 1997 to 88% by 2005
- Outbreaks of varicella are likely to continue with the current 1-DOSE immunization strategy
- After administration of 2 DOSEs of varicella vaccine in children, the immune response is markedly enhanced, with > 99% of children achieving an antibody concentration (determined by glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) of > or = 5 U/mL (an approximate correlate of protection) and a marked increase in geometric mean antibody titers after the second vaccine DOSE
- The estimated vaccine efficacy over a 10-year observation period of 2 DOSEs for prevention of any varicella disease is 98% (compared with 94% for 1 DOSE), with 100% efficacy for prevention of severe disease
- Recipients of 2 DOSEs of varicella vaccine are 3.3-fold less likely to have breakthrough varicella, compared with those who are given 1 DOSE, during the first 10 years after immunization
- To achieve greater levels of immunity with fewer serosusceptible people, greater protection against breakthrough varicella disease, and reduction in the number of outbreaks that occur nationwide among school-aged populations, a 2-DOSE varicella immunization strategy is now recommended for children > or = 12 months of age.
2935. Dose response and efficacy of a live, attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in Mexican infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The objective of this study was to determine the DOSE response, immunogenicity, and efficacy of 2 DOSEs of an oral, attenuated monovalent G1[P8] human rotavirus vaccine in children from the same setting in Mexico, where the natural protection against rotavirus infection was studied
- After the administration of the first vaccine/placebo DOSE, weekly home visits to collect information regarding infant health were conducted
- For the pooled vaccine groups, efficacy after 2 oral DOSEs was 80% and 95% against any and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, respectively
2936. Cost-effectiveness of HPV 16, 18 vaccination in Brazil.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In Brazil; provided the cost per vaccinated woman is less than I$ 25, implying a per DOSE cost of approximately I$ 5, vaccination before age 12, followed by screening three times per lifetime between ages 35 and 45, would be considered very cost-effective using the country's per capita gross domestic product as a cost-effectiveness threshold
2937. Synergistic effects of adjuvants interferon-gamma and levamisole on DNA vaccination against infection with Newcastle disease virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Furthermore, the two adjuvants yielded 80% protection in chickens against challenge with a lethal DOSE of the virulent NDV strain
2938. Efficacy of a prophylactic adjuvanted bivalent L1 virus-like-particle vaccine against infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: an interim analysis of a phase III double-blind, randomised controlled trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thus, 9258 women received the HPV16/18 vaccine and 9267 received the control vaccine in the total vaccinated cohort for efficacy, which included women who had prevalent oncogenic HPV infections, often with several HPV types, as well as low-grade cytological abnormalities at study entry and who received at least one vaccine DOSE
2939. Efficacy and safety of a live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine, trivalent against culture-confirmed influenza in young children in Asia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In year 1, 3174 children 12 to <36 months of age were randomized to receive 2 DOSEs of CAIV-T (n = 1900) or placebo (n = 1274) intranasally > or =28 days apart
- In year 2, 2947 subjects were rerandomized to receive 1 DOSE of CAIV-T or placebo
- In year 1, fever, runny nose/nasal congestion, decreased activity and appetite, and use of fever medication were more frequent with CAIV-T after DOSE 1
- Runny nose/nasal congestion after DOSE 2 (year 1) and DOSE 3 (year 2) and use of fever medication after DOSE 3 (year 2) were the only other events reported significantly more frequently in CAIV-T recipients
2940. Comparison of three different recombinant hepatitis B vaccines: GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B in high risk infants born to HBsAg positive mothers in India.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A three-DOSE regimen of vaccination; at birth (within 24 h of birth), 1st mo and 6 mo
- The geometric mean titers of anti-HBs one month after the completion of three DOSE of vaccination were 90.5, 80.9 and 72.5 mIU/mL in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B vaccine group respectively
- The GMT values of anti-HBs were 226.7, 193.9 and 173.6 mIU/mL respectively in GeneVac-B, Engerix B and Shanvac B groups one year after the completion of the three DOSEs of vaccine
2941. Immunogenicity and safety of a combination diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, acellular pertussis, hepatitis B, and inactivated poliovirus vaccine coadministered with a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and a Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Parents reported symptoms for 4 days after each DOSE and adverse events throughout the entire study
2942. Human papillomavirus vaccine for genotypes 6, 11, 16 and 18: new drug. Cervical cancer prevention: high hopes....
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- (3) A three-DOSE vaccination schedule (0, 2 and 6 months) elicits an immune response in almost all women, but the minimum antibody titre required for clinical protection is not known
2943. Evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae HB04C(-) mutant lacking a drug resistance marker in the pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It was demonstrated that a DOSE of 2 x 10(8) CFU HB04C(-) was safe to the pigs via intranasal or intramuscular injection
- Immunization with a DOSE of 2 x 10(8) HB04C(-) by both intranasal and intramuscular routine could yield equal protective efficacy and elicited significant protection against experiment challenge with homologous or heterologous serotypes of a virulent A
2944. Optimizing the dose of pre-pandemic influenza vaccines to reduce the infection attack rate.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We tested the hypothesis that lower individual DOSEs (i.e., less than the recommended DOSE for maximum protection) may provide substantial extra community-level benefits because they would permit wider vaccine coverage for a given total size of antigen stockpile
- The model incorporated both an individual's response to vaccination at different DOSEs and the process of person-to-person transmission of pandemic influenza
- We found that substantial reductions in the attack rate are likely if vaccines are given to more people at lower DOSEs
- For example, for one of the vaccines for which data are available, the attack rate would drop from 67.6% to 58.7% if 160 out of the total US population of 300 million were given an optimal DOSE rather than 20 out of 300 million given the maximally protective DOSE (as promulgated in the US National Pandemic Preparedness Plan)
- For smaller stockpile sizes that allow vaccine to be offered only to the high-risk group at the optimal DOSE, the predicted benefits of using the homogenous model formed a lower bound in the presence of a risk group, even when the high-risk group was twice as infective and twice as susceptible
- In addition to individual-level protection (i.e., vaccine efficacy), the population-level implications of pre-pandemic vaccine programs should be considered when deciding on stockpile size and DOSE
- Our results suggest that a lower vaccine DOSE may be justified in order to increase population coverage, thereby reducing the infection attack rate overall.
2945. Synergistic induction of tumor cell death by combining cisplatin with an oncolytic adenovirus carrying TRAIL.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2946. Safety and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in systemic lupus erythematosus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Clinical and laboratorial assessments were obtained at study entry and one month after the three DOSEs
- An adequate seroconversion was achieved at the end of the study (93%), although a lower frequency after the first (4%) and second DOSE (54%) was observed
- No significant change in mean SLEDAI score was detected after each DOSE throughout the study (0.14 +/- 0.52 versus 0 versus 0.61 +/- 1.66 versus 0.36 +/- 1.34, P = 0.11)
- Furthermore, the mean prednisone DOSE at study entry was comparable to the end of the study (2.86 +/- 3.06 versus 4.64 +/- 8.25 mg/day, P = 0.32)
2947. Experimental immunization of cats with a recombinant rabies-canine adenovirus vaccine elicits a long-lasting neutralizing antibody response against rabies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine stimulated an efficient humoral response in the vaccinated cats when 10(8.5)PFU/ml of the recombinant vaccine was injected intramuscularly in a single DOSE
- This demonstrated that a single, intramuscular DOSE of CAV-2-E3Delta-RGP stimulated a long-lasting protective immune response in cats and suggested that CAV-2-E3Delta-RGP could be considered as a potential rabies vaccine candidate for cats.
2948. A phase I/IIa safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy bridging randomized study of a two-dose regimen of liquid and lyophilized formulations of the candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS02A in malaria-naïve adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Volunteers received two DOSEs of either formulation on a 0, 1-month schedule
2949. Antibody response to hepatitis B re-vaccination in HIV-infected children with immune recovery on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The efficacy of an additional booster DOSE in children with immune recovery on HAART remains unknown
- Sixty-three successfully HAART-treated HIV-infected children with history of prior HBV vaccination received 10microg DOSEs of recombinant HBV vaccine (Government Pharmaceutical Organization-Merieux Biological Product, Bangkok, Thailand) intramuscularly at 0, 2 and 6 months
- The vaccine response rates were 17.4, 82.5, and 92.1% at 2, 6 and 7 months after the first DOSE of vaccine, respectively
- HIV-infected children with immune recovery after HAART are likely to benefit from three-DOSE HBV re-vaccination.
2950. Effect of immunization with six sperm peptide vaccines on fertility of female mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunization of each mouse with all six peptides resulted in a DOSE-dependent inhibition of fertility
- At 150 micro g DOSE, there was an overall 45% reduction compared to controls
2951. Levels of diphtheria and tetanus specific IgG of Portuguese adult women, before and after vaccination with adult type Td. Duration of immunity following vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The need for tetanus toxoid decennial booster DOSEs has been questioned by some experts
- Several counter arguments have been presented, supporting the maintenance of decennial adult booster DOSEs with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (adult formulation of the vaccine: Td)
- We intended to know if pre-vaccination antibody concentrations were associated with factors as age at first and last vaccination, number of DOSEs and time since last revaccination
- Twenty-two women (Group A) began vaccination with DPT/DT in their early childhood and their pre-vaccination ATT IgG levels increased with the number of DOSEs received (p = 0.022) and decreased with time since last vaccination (p = 0.016)
- Among the 66 women who began vaccination in adolescence and adulthood (Group B), with monovalent TT, ATT IgG levels decreased with age at first DOSE (p < 0.001) and with time since last vaccination (p = 0.041)
- Our study suggests that, to protect against tetanus, there is no need to administer decennial boosters to the Portuguese adults who have complied with the childhood/adolescent schedule (6 DOSEs of tetanus toxoid)
2952. Exposure to mercury during the first six months via human milk and vaccines: modifying risk factors.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2953. Poor efficacy of intradermal administration of recombinant hepatitis B virus immunization in HIV-infected individuals who fail to respond to intramuscular administration of hepatitis B virus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- every 2 weeks for four DOSEs in 12 HIV-infected adults who failed to respond to six DOSEs of HBV vaccine administered by the intramuscular route
- Anti-HBs was tested at least 2 weeks following the fourth DOSE of i.d
- DOSEs were administered every 2 weeks
- administered HBV vaccine and 6 and 12 months after the last DOSE
- Protective levels of anti-HBs (>10 IU/L) were achieved in six subjects (50%) after four DOSEs
- DOSEs to the six nonresponders did not result in any additional seroconverters
- Five of the six responders had no detectable anti-HBs at 12 months after the last DOSE of i.d
- route of administration of recombinant HBV vaccine does not appear to be immunogenic in HIV-infected adults who fail to respond to six DOSEs of intramuscularly administered vaccine.
2954. Vaccine safety in the neonatal period.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Administration of two DOSEs of multicomponent vaccine to pups and kittens between 8 and 16 weeks of age has become a standard and important part of veterinary healthcare for this susceptible neonatal population
- That such reactions are most prevalent in small breed dogs, that also make the highest serological responses to vaccination, suggests a case for the formulation of low-DOSE products for miniature breeds
2955. Similarity of European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains to vaccine strain is not necessarily predictive of the degree of protective immunity conferred.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Twenty-eight days after the last DOSE of vaccine, all pigs in Groups A and B were inoculated with the Spanish PRRSV strain 5710
2956. Vaccinating adolescents against meningococcal disease in Canada: a cost-effectiveness analysis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One DOSE of serogroup C meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV-C) at 12 months of age is the most common immunization schedule in Canada, but immunity may wane over time
- To assess the cost-effectiveness of a booster DOSE at 12 years of age with either MCV-C or a quadrivalent ACYW135 meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV-4)
- Vaccine purchase price per DOSE was $23 for MCV-C and $70 for MCV-4
- Comparing MCV-4 with MCV-C as a booster DOSE, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio would be $113000 per QALY
2957. Antibody persistence following booster vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis: 3-year post-booster follow-up.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In order to evaluate the long-term immunity 2 and 3 years after booster vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) following time intervals 3 years and longer since last TBE immunization, 195 (mean age 50.5+/-15.1 years) and 240 subjects (mean age 47.0+/-15.4 years), respectively, who had received a single booster DOSE in a preceding study, returned for a serological follow-up
2958. Impact of conflict on infant immunisation coverage in Afghanistan: a countrywide study 2000-2003.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Progress in the third DOSE of Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT3) immunisation differed among regions, in addition to the unequal distribution of immunisation coverage in 2000
2959. Synergistic anti-tumor effect of recombinant chicken fibroblast growth factor receptor-1-mediated anti-angiogenesis and low-dose gemcitabine in a mouse colon adenocarcinoma model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate whether the combination of recombinant chicken fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1) protein vaccine (cFR-1) combined with low-DOSE gemcitabine would improve anti-tumor efficacy in a mouse CT26 colon adenocarcinoma (CT26) model
- The combination of cFR-1-mediated anti-angiogenesis and low-DOSE gemcitabine synergistically enhances the anti-tumor activity without overt toxicity in mice.
2960. Effect of prophylactic human papillomavirus L1 virus-like-particle vaccine on risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, grade 3, and adenocarcinoma in situ: a combined analysis of four randomised clinical trials.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mean follow-up was 3.0 years (SD 0.66) after first DOSE
2961. Improvement of the efficacy of influenza vaccination (H5N1) in chicken by using extract of Cochinchina momordica seed (ECMS).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 1, two weeks old chickens were immunized with influenza vaccine (H5N1) alone or combined with ECMS (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 microg/DOSE)
- Results revealed that all ECMS groups numerically increased the antibody levels while 10 and 20 microg/DOSE groups significantly (P<0.05) enhanced total IgG antibody on day 28, when compared with control
- Average daily weight gain was also significantly higher in 20 microg/DOSE ECMS group
- 2 when chickens were immunized with 20 microg/DOSE ECMS and antibody titer was measured through hemagglutination inhibition (HI)
2962. Predictors of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunogenicity among infants and toddlers in an American Indian PnCRM7 efficacy trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children <24 months of age received 2, 3, or 4 DOSEs of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PnCRM7) or control vaccine depending on age at enrollment
- Among 315 PnCRM7-vaccinated subjects and 295 control subjects enrolled at <7 months of age, geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of antibodies were significantly higher after DOSE 3 than after DOSE 2 for all serotypes except type 4
- Three-DOSE and 2-DOSE regimens for those 7-11 and 12-23 months of age, respectively, were highly immunogenic
- Increased maternal antibody concentrations were associated with reduced responses to DOSE 1 and 3 but not to DOSE 4 of PnCRM7
- In infants, a third priming DOSE increases the antibody GMC and the proportion achieving an antibody concentration > or =5.0 micro g/mL but has little impact on the proportion achieving a concentration > or =0.35 micro g/mL.
2963. Immunization of early adolescent females with human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 L1 virus-like particle vaccine containing AS04 adjuvant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccine safety was assessed at 7 or 30 days after each DOSE; serious adverse events were recorded during the entire study period
2964. Use of combination vaccines is associated with improved coverage rates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- By reducing the number of injections, use of combination vaccines could lead to fewer deferred DOSEs and improved coverage rates
- Coverage rates were compared between children who received at least 1 DOSE of HepB/Hib (COMVAX) or DTaP/HepB/IPV (PEDIARIX) (the combination cohort) and children who received no DOSEs of either combination (the reference cohort)
- Receipt of at least 1 DOSE of a combination vaccine was independently associated with increased coverage for each of these vaccines and vaccine series when controlling for gender, birth quarter, race, rural versus urban residence and historical provider immunization quality
2965. Adherence-inhibitory intestinal immunoglobulin a antibody response in baboons elicited by use of a synthetic intranasal lectin-based amebiasis subunit vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- As determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), each DOSE of the peptide vaccine elicited antipeptide serum IgA and IgG and intestinal IgA antibody responses in all six immunized baboons by day 28, 7 days after the last immunization (P, <0.01 for each DOSE compared to the cholera toxin control)
- All four synthetic peptides were immunogenic; the vaccine elicited DOSE- and time-dependent responses, as determined by ELISA optical density readings indicating the production of serum and intestinal antibodies (P, <0.02 for antipeptide and antilectin antibodies)
- Both serum and fecal antibodies elicited by the peptide vaccine exhibited neutralizing activity, as determined by their DOSE-dependent inhibition of the galactose-specific adherence of E
2966. Infant vaccination coverage in 2005 and predictive factors for complete or valid vaccination in Flanders, Belgium: an EPI-survey.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccinating physician, the employment situation of the mother and the family income were significant predictive factors for having received all recommended vaccine DOSEs (complete schedule), also when considering only DOSEs that were according to minimal age and interval criteria (valid schedule).
2967. [Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis in Belarus].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The risk of VAPP for the period 1996-2001 was 1 case per 745,000 used DOSEs of oral poliovaccine (OPV)
- For the recipients of OPV the risk was 1 case per 911,700 DOSEs and for the first-DOSE recipients--1 case per 96,000 DOSEs
2968. Single dose of SA 14-14-2 vaccine provides long-term protection against Japanese encephalitis: a case-control study in Nepalese children 5 years after immunization. drjbtandan@yahoo.com.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In July 1999, a single DOSE of live-attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine was administered to children living in the Bardiya, Banke and Kailali districts of Nepal
- Five years after administration of a single DOSE, SA 14-14-2 provided a protective efficacy of 96.2% (CI 73.1-99.9%).
2969. Combination therapy of personalized peptide vaccination and low-dose estramustine phosphate for metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer patients: an analysis of prognostic factors in the treatment.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The aim of this study was to investigate prognostic factors of patients with metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) under combined administration of personalized peptide vaccination and low-DOSE estramustine phosphate (EMP)
- From February 2001 to July 2004, 58 men with metastatic HRPC received the combination therapy of personalized peptide vaccination and low-DOSE EMP
- These encouraging results show the need for further evaluation of the combination of personalized peptide vaccination and low DOSE of EMP for metastatic HRPC patients.
2970. Allogeneic retrovirally transduced, IL-2- and IFN-gamma-secreting cancer cell vaccine in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer--a phase I clinical trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a DOSE-escalating phase I study, HLA-A2-matched HRPC patients received four vaccinations of irradiated allogeneic LNCaP cells retrovirally transduced to secrete IL-2 and IFN-gamma at study day 1, 15, 29 and 92 and subsequently every 91 days unless tumor progression was evident
- Three patients receiving the first DOSE level (7.5 million cells) showed no evidence of DOSE-limiting toxicity or vaccine-related adverse events including autoimmunity
- One of three patients receiving the second DOSE level (15 million cells) developed a transient self-limiting grade 3 local injection site reaction (ulceration) after the eighth vaccination
- Two of the three patients receiving the higher DOSE showed a decline in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values of more than 50%, with one patient remaining on protocol for 3 years
- Immunisation with the allogeneic LNCaP/IL-2/IFN-gamma vaccine is safe and feasible without any DOSE-limiting toxicity or autoimmunity
2971. Immunogenicity, safety and tolerability of meningococcal C CRM197 conjugate vaccine administered 3, 5 and 11 months post-natally to pre- and full-term infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The results support the use of two DOSEs of MenC-CRM(197) vaccine at 3 and 5 months of age for primary immunisation, with a booster DOSE being given at about 1 year
- In addition to reducing costs, this scheme seems to assure global immunogenicity and potential efficacy that is better than that offered by the accelerated scheme of administration with only three DOSEs of vaccine in the first months of life, and similar to that observed with a fourth DOSE used as booster after the first year.
2972. Efficacy of a quadrivalent prophylactic human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like-particle vaccine against high-grade vulval and vaginal lesions: a combined analysis of three randomised clinical trials.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Individuals underwent detailed anogenital examination at day 1, 1 month after DOSE three, and at 6-12-month intervals for up to 48 months
- Among women naive to HPV16 or HPV18 through 1 month after DOSE three (per-protocol population; vaccine n=7811; placebo n=7785), the vaccine was 100% effective (95% CI 72-100) against VIN2-3 or VaIN2-3 associated with HPV16 or HPV18
2973. Lactoferrin modulation of antigen-presenting-cell response to BCG infection.
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Harvard PubMed
- In addition, BCG-infected cells incubated in the presence of lactoferrin demonstrated a significant increase in relative IL-12 to IL-10 ratios in a DOSE-dependent manner
2974. Prevalence of high antibody titers of pertussis in Turkey: reflection of circulating microorganism and a threat to infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In addition, 30 EU/mL was estimated to be a sufficient titer in women of childbearing age to protect their newborns until administration of their first DOSE of pertussis vaccine
- According to the questionnaires, in the groups younger than 15 years old, three to four DOSEs of diphtheria toxoid-whole cell pertussis-tetanus toxoid (DwPT) were administered in 47.2 to 77.4%, 91.2 to 100.0%, and 83.5 to 100.0% of participants in Diyarbakir, Samsun, and Antalya, respectively
2975. Increased sensitivity of radiated murine cervical cancer tumors to E7 subunit vaccine-driven CTL-mediated killing induces synergistic anti-tumor activity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Moreover, with combined therapy the radiation DOSE could be reduced by 16 Gy to achieve an equivalent anti-tumor efficacy to radiation treatment alone
2976. Mucosal immunization with a novel nanoemulsion-based recombinant anthrax protective antigen vaccine protects against Bacillus anthracis spore challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Guinea pigs nasally immunized with rPA-NE vaccine were protected against an intradermal challenge with approximately 1,000 times the 50% lethal DOSE ( approximately 1,000x LD(50)) of B
- This potentially could lead to a needle-free anthrax vaccine requiring fewer DOSEs and having fewer side effects than the currently available human vaccine.
2977. Induction of immune memory following administration of a prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6/11/16/18 L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Some vaccines induce long-term immunity, while others require booster DOSEs
- At enrollment, subjects were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive three-DOSE regimens of quadrivalent HPV vaccine or placebo with 3 years' follow-up
- Administration of a challenge DOSE of vaccine induced a classic anamnestic response, with anti-HPV levels 1 week post-challenge reaching levels observed 1 month following the completion of the three-DOSE primary series
- At 1 month post-challenge, anti-HPV responses were higher than those observed 1-month post-DOSE 3
- A three-DOSE regimen of quadrivalent HPV vaccine induces high efficacy and stable anti-HPV levels for at least 5 years
2978. Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent anogenital diseases.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Data for the primary analysis were collected for a per-protocol susceptible population of women who had no virologic evidence of HPV type 6, 11, 16, or 18 through 1 month after administration of the third DOSE
- The women were followed for an average of 3 years after administration of the first DOSE
2979. Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this randomized, double-blind trial, we assigned 12,167 women between the ages of 15 and 26 years to receive three DOSEs of either HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine or placebo, administered at day 1, month 2, and month 6
- The primary analysis was performed for a per-protocol susceptible population that included 5305 women in the vaccine group and 5260 in the placebo group who had no virologic evidence of infection with HPV-16 or HPV-18 through 1 month after the third DOSE (month 7)
- Subjects were followed for an average of 3 years after receiving the first DOSE of vaccine or placebo
2980. Efficacy of a fowlpox-vectored avian influenza H5 vaccine against Asian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Here, we evaluate the efficacy of rFP-AIV-H5 against escalating DOSEs of HPAI H5N1 A/chicken/ SouthKorea/ES/03 isolate and against the HPAI H5N1 A/chicken/Vietnam/0008/2004 isolate
- In the first study, full protection was observed up to a challenge DOSE of 6.5 log10 embryo infectious DOSE (EID50), and the 50% chicken infectious DOSE was estimated to be 3.1 and 8.5 log10 EID50 in the control and the rFP-AIV-H5-vaccinated group, respectively
2981. Effects of homologous and heterologous neuraminidase vaccines in chickens against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One DOSE of 128 hemagglutinin (HA) homologous H5N1 vaccine induced 100% protection in mortality and prevented viral shedding completely after lethal DOSE virus challenge, whereas one DOSE of 64 HA unit of heterologous H5N3 vaccine only induced 50% protection in mortality, and it did not prevent viral shedding
- However, two DOSEs at a 3-wk interval of 64 HA unit of heterologous H5N3 vaccine as well as one DOSE of 1024 HA unit of heterologous H5N3 vaccine induced 100% survival rate and could prevent viral shedding completely
2982. Efficacy of an inactivated and a fowlpox-vectored vaccine in Muscovy ducks against an Asian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viral challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Five-week-old Muscovy ducks were vaccinated with either H5N9-It (0.5 ml) or rFP-AIV-H5 (5 log10 50% tissue culture infectious DOSE (TCID50)/DOSE), followed by a boost at 7 wk of age with the same vaccine (1.0 ml of H5N9-It or 5 log10 TCID50/DOSE rFP-AIV-H5), and a challenge at 9 wk of age with 10(7) egg infectious DOSE (lethality 50%) of A/crested eagle/ Belgium/01/2004 (H5N1)
2983. Immunological responses and viral modulatory effects of vaccination with recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (rMVA) expressing structural and regulatory transgenes of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac32H/J5M).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Increasing titres of anti-vaccinia neutralizing antibodies reflected the number and DOSE of rMVA inoculations
2984. Efficacy and safety of etanercept in psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis: an updated review.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Etanercept therapy for up to 144 weeks in psoriasis has shown maintenance of efficacy over time, recapture of initial clinical responses in patients who interrupted their etanercept therapy and were re-treated, an increased percentage of clinical responses in medium-DOSE non-responding patients who switched to higher dosages, good responses on quality-of-life tests, and an adverse event-adjusted rate similar to placebo
2985. A multicentre, randomised prospective trial comparing three intravesical adjuvant therapies for intermediate-risk superficial bladder cancer: low-dose bacillus Calmette-Guerin (27 mg) versus very low-dose bacillus Calmette-Guerin (13.5 mg) versus mitomycin C.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The primary aim was to search for lower DOSEs of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) that are effective and have lower toxicity
- A low DOSE of BCG 27 mg was compared with BCG 13.5mg, using mitomycin C (MMC) 30 mg as the third arm of comparison
- One third of the standard DOSE, BCG 27 mg, seems to be the minimum effective DOSE as adjuvant treatment for intermediate-risk superficial bladder cancer, being more effective than MMC 30 mg
- One sixth of the standard DOSE, BCG 13.5mg, has the same efficacy as MMC 30 mg but it is more toxic.
2986. Effectiveness of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: a population-based case-control study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Eighteen case patients (21%) and 114 control subjects (27%) had received >or=1 DOSE of PCV7
2987. Preparation and characterization of innovative protein-coated poly(methylmethacrylate) core-shell nanoparticles for vaccine purposes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
2988. CD25+ regulatory T cell inhibition enhances vaccine-induced immunity to neuroblastoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Treatment of mice with anti-CD25 mAb induced rejection of the mouse neuroblastoma, Neuro-2a, as 90% of anti-CD25-treated mice survived challenge with a lethal DOSE of tumor cells
2989. Rotavirus vaccines in developed countries.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An earlier rotavirus vaccine, since withdrawn, was temporally associated with intussusception causing small bowel obstruction, especially in infants receiving their first DOSE at an older age
2990. Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in susceptible spouses of chronic hepatitis B virus infected individuals at the time of marriage.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- From April 2003 to December 2005, 60 cases of susceptible wives of infected husbands and 32 cases of susceptible husbands of the infected wives in Babol north of Iran, received recombinant hepatitis B (HB) vaccine at the time of marriage followed with the second and third DOSEs at 1, and 6 months
- Post vaccination tests for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBs and anti-hepatitis B core (HBc) were assessed 2 months of the later DOSE
2991. Enhanced protective efficacy of H5 subtype avian influenza DNA vaccine with codon optimized HA gene in a pCAGGS plasmid vector.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A second experiment was conducted to evaluate if a lower DOSE of the pCAGGoptiHA vaccine could be effective, results indicated that two DOSEs of 10 microg of pCAGGoptiHA could induce complete protection in chickens against H5 lethal virus challenge
- Based on our results, we conclude that construction optimization could dramatically increase the H5 HA gene DNA vaccine efficacy in chickens, and therefore, greatly decrease the DOSE necessary for inducing complete protection in chickens.
2992. Experimental animal infection models for Johne's disease, an infectious enteropathy caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- paratuberculosis (Mptb) were the species, breed and age of subject used for the infection, the route of infection, and the strain, DOSE and number of DOSEs of Mptb used to inoculate the subjects
2993. Protective efficacy of a monovalent oral type 1 poliovirus vaccine: a case-control study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In areas of persistent poliovirus transmission in Uttar Pradesh, the protective efficacy of mOPV1 was estimated to be 30% (95% CI 19-41) per DOSE against type 1 paralytic disease, compared with 11% (7-14) for the trivalent oral vaccine
- Under conditions where the efficacy of live-attenuated oral poliovirus vaccines is compromised by a high prevalence of diarrhoea and other infections, a DOSE of high-potency mOPV1 is almost three times more effective against type 1 poliomyelitis disease than is trivalent vaccine
2994. Cost-effectiveness of a vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At a cost of $46 per DOSE, vaccination cost <$50,000 per quality-adjusted life year saved for all adults >60 years of age
2995. Immunization with HIV protease peptides linked to syngeneic erythrocytes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunization of mice with peptides in a low DOSE (5 ng) coupled to erythrocytes induced a weak immune response in mice
2996. A pilot study with a therapeutic vaccine based on hydroxyapatite ceramic particles and self-antigens in cancer patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In patients (n = 20), the vaccine was then administered weekly and showed very low toxicity, causing minor and tolerable local inflammation (erythema, papule, or local pain); only 1 patient who received a larger DOSE presented hot flashes, and there were no systemic manifestations of toxicity or autoimmune diseases attributed to the vaccine
2997. Single administration of low dose cyclophosphamide augments the antitumor effect of dendritic cell vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Single administration of low DOSE cyclophosphamide (CTX) was previously reported to enhance the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapies
- To investigate the possible mechanisms for this effect, we examined whether a single administration of low DOSE CTX could augment the immunogenicity of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines
- Fifty milligrams per kilogram body weight DOSE of CTX was administrated intraperitoneally to mice after B16 melanoma or C26 colon carcinoma tumor models were established, DC vaccine generated from mouse bone marrow and pulsed with B16 or C26 tumor cells lysates were vaccinated 4 days later
- Thus, a single administration of low DOSE CTX could augment antitumor immune responses of DC vaccine by reducing the proportion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells in tumor-bearing mice
- Our results suggested a possible mechanism of CTX-induced immunopotentiation and provided a strategy of immunotherapy combining a low DOSE CTX with DC vaccine.
2998. Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in 47 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: clinical characteristics of infections and vaccine-breakthrough infections, 1989-2005.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- pneumoniae infection in HSCT recipients occurred more commonly in patients with lymphoma and patients receiving high-DOSE systemic corticosteroid therapy
2999. Benefits and adverse effects of hepatitis C screening: early results of a screening program.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 269 eligible clients, 147 were susceptible to hepatitis A (IgG negative), and 116 (78.9%) received at least 1 hepatitis A vaccine DOSE
- Of 119 clients susceptible to hepatitis B, 101 (84.9%) received at least one DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine
3000. Safety and immunogenicity of a baculovirus-expressed hemagglutinin influenza vaccine: a randomized controlled trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine the DOSE-related safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of an experimental trivalent influenza virus hemagglutinin (rHA0) vaccine produced in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses
3001. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit respiratory syncytial virus-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human lung epithelial cells.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Our data show that all PPAR-gamma agonists under study significantly down-regulated the RSV-induced expression of ICAM-1 on A549- and NHBE cells in a DOSE-dependent manner resulting in a reduced beta2 integrin-mediated adhesion of monocytic effector cells (U937) to RSV-infected A549 cell monolayers
3002. Activity of T-1106 in a hamster model of yellow Fever virus infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- No toxicity (weight loss or mortality) was observed at a DOSE of 100 mg/kg/day in sham-infected control animals
- The observed minimal effective DOSE of T-1106 was 32 mg/kg/day administered either by oral or i.p
- Therapeutic treatment was effective in significantly improving survival when T-1106 was administered beginning as late as 4 days after virus challenge with twice-daily treatment for 8 days at a DOSE of 100 mg/kg/day
3003. A conventional, inactivated oil emulsion vaccine suppresses shedding and prevents viral meat colonisation in commercial (Pekin) ducks challenged with HPAI H5N1.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The present paper reports the effect of a two DOSE vaccination programme with a conventional inactivated product on infection, lateral spread, shedding and presence of virus in commodities such as meat and viscera of Pekin ducks
3004. The future of antihypertensive treatment.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Therefore, antihypertensive therapy in the future or near future should be directed toward improving BP control in treated hypertensive patients with the available drugs by using the right combinations at optimum DOSEs, individually tailored gene-polymorphism directed therapy, or development of new modalities such as gene therapy and vaccines
- The use of fixed-DOSE combination drug therapy is likely to increase
3005. New zealand epidemic strain meningococcal B outer membrane vesicle vaccine in children aged 16-24 months.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccines (25 microg/DOSE) were administered at 0, 6 and 12 weeks in this observer-blind trial
- Sero-response against NZ98/254 was achieved after 3 DOSEs in 75% (95% CI: 69-80%) receiving the New Zealand candidate vaccine by both intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses
- The New Zealand candidate vaccine administered to these 16-24-month-old children in 3 DOSEs was safe and elicited a promising immune response against the candidate vaccine strain NZ98/254 (N
3006. New hepatitis B vaccine formulated with an improved adjuvant system.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It is applied in a four-DOSE scheme: day 0, month 1, 2 and 6 after day 0
- The higher risk of hepatitis B transmission in patients with end-stage renal disease and the often immunocompromised status of these patients afford a tailored vaccination strategy that, up to now, has consisted of injecting double DOSEs of ordinary hepatitis B vaccines
3007. Ethnicity, substance use, and response to booster hepatitis B vaccination in anti-HBs-seronegative adolescents who had received primary infantile vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A booster DOSE of HB vaccine may be insufficient to induce immunological response in healthy adolescents who had undetectable prebooster anti-HBs titers or who were of Malay-Polynesian ethnicity
3008. IMP321 (sLAG-3), an immunopotentiator for T cell responses against a HBsAg antigen in healthy adults: a single blind randomised controlled phase I study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a randomised, single blind controlled phase I DOSE escalation study, 48 seronegative healthy volunteers aged 18-55 years were vaccinated at 0, 4 and 8 weeks by subcutaneous injection with 10 microg HBsAg mixed with saline (control) or with IMP321 at one of four DOSEs (3, 10, 30 and 100 microg)
- IMP321 induced CD4 Th1 antigen-specific T cells in some of these naïve individuals after only one injection, especially in the 10 and 30 microg DOSE groups
3009. Safety and efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In an initial DOSE-response experiment to test safety, we injected 50 rainbow trout weighing 30-40 g with a double DOSE of vaccine (0.2 ml) intraperitoneally
3010. Safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of two doses of RIX4414 live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in healthy infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of two DOSEs of rotavirus vaccine in healthy Brazilian infants
- Infants received two oral DOSEs of vaccine or placebo at 2 and 4 months of age, concurrently with routine immunizations, except for oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV)
- At 2 months after the second DOSE, a serum IgA response to RV occurred in 54.7 to 74.4% of vaccinees
- Two DOSEs of RIX4414 provided significant protection against severe GE caused by RV.
3011. Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine is administered by intramuscular injection, and the recommended schedule is a 3-DOSE series with the second and third DOSEs administered 2 and 6 months after the first DOSE
3012. Development of in vitro correlate assays of immunity to infection with Yersinia pestis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The decrease in the level of the apoptosis-specific enzyme caspase-3 significantly predicted survival in one- and two-DOSE vaccination experiments
3013. [Adverse effects of BCG revaccination: 12 cases].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- They are common in cases of overDOSE and with poor vaccination techniques
- The DOSE administered was 0.1 ml in 9 patients and 1 ml in 3 others (i.e
- 10 times the recommended DOSE)
- Technical errors such as injection of an excessively high DOSE of the vaccine or subcutaneous administration of the vaccine solution increase the incidence of adverse effects
3014. Potential risks associated with the proposed widespread use of Tamiflu.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To gauge the hazard presented by Tamiflu use during a pandemic, we recommend a) direct measurement of Tamiflu persistence, biodegradation, and transformation in the environment; b) further modeling of likely drug concentrations in the catchments of countries where humans and waterfowl come into frequent DOSE contact, and where significant Tamiflu deployment is envisaged; and c) further characterization of the risks of generating Tamiflu-resistant viruses in OC-exposed wildfowl.
3015. Protecting our patients from HPV and HPV-related diseases: the role of vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has recommended the 3-DOSE series for girls 11 to 12 years of age, catch-up vaccination for girls and women 13 to 26 years of age, and permissive use as early as age 9
3016. Loss of vaccine-induced immunity to varicella over time.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A second DOSE of varicella vaccine, now recommended for all children, could improve protection from both primary vaccine failure and waning vaccine-induced immunity.
3017. Safety of immunotherapy with therapeutic vaccines containing depigmented and polymerized allergen extracts.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The schedule of administration consisted of a build-up phase of 4- to 6-weekly injections, followed by 12-monthly injections of the maintenance DOSE
3018. Safety, antigenicity, and efficacy of a recombinant coccidioidomycosis vaccine in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two animals that received 5-microg DOSEs of CFP were euthanatized prior to the study's end because of severe symptoms
- Animals vaccinated with 50-microg DOSEs of CFP showed evidence of enhanced sensitization compared to adjuvant controls and animals vaccinated with 5-microg DOSEs of CFP
- Overall the vaccine was well tolerated, induced sensitization, and resulted in a protective response when given at the higher 50-microg DOSE
3019. Oral immunization of mice with the live vaccine strain (LVS) of Francisella tularensis protects mice against respiratory challenge with virulent type A F. tularensis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The protective efficacy was related to the size of the immunizing DOSE but not the number of DOSEs administered
3020. Enhancement of intranasal vaccination with recombinant chain A ricin vaccine (rRV) in mice by the mucosal adjuvants LTK63 and LTR72.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Intranasal (i.n.) vaccination of mice with three DOSEs of 40 microg of rRV stimulated low anti-ricin ELISA and neutralizing antibody responses, which were only marginally protective against aerosol-delivered 5-10 LD(50) of ricin toxin
- All three DOSE levels of LTK63 enhanced the ELISA GMTs in the lung lavage up to 192-, 22-, 4-, and 5-fold for IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgA, respectively
- Compared to GMT of rRV alone, the serum-neutralizing antibody GMTs for the three DOSE levels were enhanced up to 11-fold with LTK63
- Administration of three DOSE levels of the adjuvant in the presence of rRV caused no additional changes
- LTK63 and LTR72 both were very effective and safe mucosal adjuvants at all three DOSE levels employed in these studies
- Both significantly enhanced the protection of a marginally effective DOSE of rRV against aerosol-delivered ricin challenge
- Most likely, a larger than suboptimal DOSE could resolve the lung injury of the vaccinated mice in the presence of a larger DOSE of the mucosal adjuvant.
3021. Safety and efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In Nepal, we studied 2000 healthy adults susceptible to HEV infection who were randomly assigned to receive three DOSEs of either the rHEV vaccine or placebo at months 0, 1, and 6
- The primary end point was the development of hepatitis E after three vaccine DOSEs
- A total of 1794 subjects (898 in the vaccine group and 896 in the placebo group) received three vaccine DOSEs; the total vaccinated cohort was followed for a median of 804 days
- After three vaccine DOSEs, hepatitis E developed in 69 subjects, of whom 66 were in the placebo group
- In an intention-to-treat analysis that included all 87 subjects in whom hepatitis E developed after the first vaccine DOSE, 9 subjects were in the vaccine group, with a vaccine efficacy of 88.5% (95% CI, 77.1 to 94.2)
- Among subjects in a subgroup randomly selected for analysis of injection-site findings and general symptoms (reactogenicity subgroup) during the 8-day period after the administration of any DOSE, the proportion of subjects with adverse events was similar in the two study groups, except that injection-site pain was increased in the vaccine group (P=0.03)
3022. Epitope-dependent avidity thresholds for cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clearance of virus-infected cells.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- "Functional avidity," defined by the sensitizing DOSE of exogenously added epitope yielding half-maximal CTL triggering against uninfected target cells (SD(50)), has been utilized extensively as a measure of antiviral efficiency
3023. Transcutaneous immunization with the heat-labile toxin (LT) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC): protective efficacy in a double-blind, placebo-controlled challenge study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Transcutaneous LT vaccination induced anti-toxin immune responses that did not prevent but mitigated illness following a high-DOSE challenge with a virulent LT+/ST+ ETEC strain.
3024. Impact on respiratory tract infections of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine administered at 3, 5 and 11 months of age.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Morbidity was recorded for the 24 months following the second DOSE by monthly telephone interviews conducted by investigators blinded to the study treatment assignment using standardised questionnaires
- Our findings show the effectiveness of the simplified PCV-7 schedule (three DOSEs administered at 3, 5 and 11-12 months of age) in the prevention of CAP and AOM, diseases in which Streptococcus pneumoniae plays a major etiological role
3025. G17DT: an antigastrin immunogen for the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The use of an optimized DOSE and dosing schedule has yielded a high proportion of antibody responders (70%), with minimal side effects and antibody titers measurable within 2 - 4 weeks
3026. Optimization of the use of C57BL/6 mice as a laboratory animal model for Neospora caninum vaccine studies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3027. Predictors of immunity after hepatitis A vaccination in HIV-infected persons.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The medical records of HIV-infected patients who had received at least one DOSE of HAV vaccine (Havrix, 1440 EIU) were reviewed for factors associated with the development of a protective anti-HAV response
3028. Live attenuated versus inactivated influenza vaccine in infants and young children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among previously unvaccinated children, wheezing within 42 days after the administration of DOSE 1 was more common with live attenuated vaccine than with inactivated vaccine, primarily among children 6 to 11 months of age; in this age group, 12 more episodes of wheezing were noted within 42 days after receipt of DOSE 1 among recipients of live attenuated vaccine (3.8%) than among recipients of inactivated vaccine (2.1%, P=0.076)
3029. Suppression of behavioural and physiological oestrus in the mare by vaccination against GnRH.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Following a conventional two-DOSE immunisation regime this commercially available equine immunocontraceptive vaccine was effective at inhibiting oestrous behaviour for at least 3 months
3030. A review of the long-term protection after hepatitis A and B vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Based on current data and field experience there is, in general, no necessity for booster DOSEs for fully vaccinated immunocompetent individuals
- The necessity to provide a booster DOSE was based on early projections of observed antibody levels
3031. Prevention of vertical hepatitis B transmission by hepatitis B immunoglobulin in the third trimester of pregnancy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Furthermore, all newborns received HBIG treatment and the first DOSE of a vaccination schedule within 12 h of birth
3032. [An experimental research on tumor metastasis treated by chicken homologous matrix metalloproteinase-2 vaccine combined with low-dose cisplatin].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the cooperating effect on whether the chicken homologous matrix metalloproteinase-2 (c-MMP-2) vaccine combined with low-DOSE cisplatin (DDP) can enhance the treatment efficacy of tumor metastasis
3033. Purification and protective efficacy of monomeric and modified Yersinia pestis capsular F1-V antigen fusion proteins for vaccination against plague.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After a two-DOSE vaccination with 2 x 20 microg of F1-V, respectively, 100%, 80%, 80%, and 70% of injected mice survived a subcutaneous lethal plague challenge with 10(8) LD(50)Y
3034. Protection against anthrax by needle-free mucosal immunization with human anthrax vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunized animals were challenged by a lethal DOSE of Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores to determine the efficacy of the vaccination
- Two DOSEs of intranasal BioThrax were sufficient to completely protect A/J mice against challenge with 100xLD50B
3035. Active immunization of premature and low birth-weight infants: a review of immunogenicity, efficacy, and tolerability.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Hepatitis B vaccine given at birth appears poorly immunogenic in infants with birth weights <1500-2000 g, with delay in the administration of the first DOSE yielding improved immunogenicity
3036. Efficacy of a pre-S containing vaccine in patients receiving lamivudine prophylaxis after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We studied the efficacy of two courses each of three double-DOSEs (20 microg) of third-generation recombinant pre-S containing vaccine (Sci-B-Vac) in 20 patients on lamivudine prophylaxis at a median of 637 days (range, 390-2666 days) after transplantation
3037. Efficacy of recombinant herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein D candidate vaccines in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A significant protection (the LD50 value of challenging virus increased 800-fold) was noted following immunization with gD1/313, while immunization with the gE-del virus and/or the gD1 DNA vaccine resulted in a more than 4,000-fold increase of the challenging virus DOSE killing 50% of the animals
3038. Mucosal luminal manipulation of T cell geography switches on protective efficacy by otherwise ineffective parenteral genetic immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In comparison, airway exposure to low DOSEs of soluble M.tb Ags not only recruited but retained Ag-specific CD8 T cells in the airway lumen over time that provided robust protection against M.tb challenge
3039. The association of health insurance and continuous primary care in the medical home on vaccination coverage for 19- to 35-month-old children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children were up-to-date if they received all vaccinations by 19 to 35 months of age (>or=4 DOSEs of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, >or=3 DOSEs of poliovirus vaccine, >or=1 DOSE of any measles-containing vaccine, >or=3 DOSEs of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, and >or=3 DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine)
3040. [Immunization of adults against varicella and herpes zoster].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A live attenuated vaccine using the same strain as the varicella vaccine, but at a much higher DOSE, proved its efficacy in terms of reducing shingles and postherpetic neuralgia incidences, of 51 and 67% respectively
3041. Efficacy of a canarypox-vectored recombinant vaccine expressing the hemagglutinin gene of equine influenza H3N8 virus in the protection of ponies from viral challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine onset and duration of immunity provided by a 2- or 3-DOSE series of a new canarypox-vectored recombinant vaccine for equine influenza virus (rCP-EIV vaccine) expressing the hemagglutinin genes of influenza H3N8 virus strains A/eq/Kentucky/94 and A/eq/Newmarket/2/93 in ponies
- In trial 1, control ponies and ponies that received rCP-EIV vaccine were challenged 2 weeks after completion of the 2-DOSE primary vaccination program
- In trial 2, ponies were challenged 5 months after 2 DOSEs of rCP-EIV vaccine or 1 year after the first boosting DOSE of rCP-EIV vaccine, administered 5 months after completion of the primary vaccination program
- Of particular importance was the protection at 5 months after the second DOSE, indicating that this vaccine closes an immunity gap between the second and third vaccination.
3042. Immunogenicity, efficacy, safety and effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (1998-2006).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Naturally, it would be of paramount public health interest if the same levels of efficacy and effectiveness could be achieved with fewer DOSEs
- Trials studying 2+1 vaccination schedules for PCV7 and PCV9 generally show that the percentage of infants achieving the protective cut-off set by the World Health Organization (WHO) 1 month after the last priming DOSE, is comparable to that found at the same time point in studies administering 3+1 schedules
3043. [Vaccination schedule of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics: recommendations 2007].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To ensure early protection, the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine booster DOSE should be administered when children start school (3-4 years)
3044. Functional antibodies elicited by two heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in the Finnish Otitis Media Vaccine Trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The majority of PCV recipients had positive OPA after the fourth DOSE, while OPA was undetectable in the control group
3045. Safety of phase I clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies in Germany--the regulatory requirements viewed in the aftermath of the TGN1412 disaster.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The adverse effects associated with the TGN1412 Phase I trial indicate that the predictive value of pre-clinical animal models requires reevaluation and that, in certain cases, some issues of clinical trial protocols such as DOSE fixing may need refinement or redesign
- Concrete safety measures, which have been proposed as a consequence of the TGN1412 event include introduction of criteria for high-risk antibodies, sequential inclusion of trial participants and implementation of pre-Phase I studies where DOSE calculation is based on the pre-clinical No Effect Level instead of the No Observed Adverse Effect Level
3046. Recombinant parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) expressing the influenza A virus hemagglutinin provides immunity in mice to influenza A virus challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The results show that a single DOSE inoculation provides broad and considerable immunity against influenza A virus infection.
3047. Comparison of different delivery systems of DNA vaccination for the induction of protection against tuberculosis in mice and guinea pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The great challenges for researchers working in the field of vaccinology are optimizing DNA vaccines for use in humans or large animals and creating effective single-DOSE vaccines using appropriated controlled delivery systems
- Despite the success of naked DNAhsp65-based vaccine to protect mice against TB, it requires multiple DOSEs of high amounts of DNA for effective immunization
- In order to optimize this DNA vaccine and simplify the vaccination schedule, we coencapsulated DNAhsp65 and the adjuvant trehalose dimycolate (TDM) into biodegradable poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres for a single DOSE administration
3048. Short-term reactogenicity and gender effect of anthrax vaccine: analysis of a 1967-1972 study and review of the 1955-2005 medical literature.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the 1960s, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) held the investigational new drug (IND) application for the anthrax vaccine and collected short-term safety data from approximately 16,000 DOSEs administered to almost 7000 individuals
- We identified and analyzed a subset of the IND study data representing a total of 1749 persons who received 3592 DOSEs from 1967 to 1972
- Original data collection forms were located and information extracted, including: vaccine recipient's name, age at vaccination, gender, DOSE number, date of vaccination, lot number, grading of ISR, presence and type of systemic reactions
- We found an ISR was associated with 28% of anthrax vaccine DOSEs; however, 87% of these were considered mild
- Our DOSE-specific analysis by gender found women had at least twice the risk of having a vaccine reaction compared to men
3049. [Novel vaccines against M. tuberculosis].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- tuberculosis in mice better than BCG have failed to provide better protection than BCG in guinea pigs against aerosol challenge of a low DOSE of virulent M
- This challenge DOSE normally causes death from acute respiratory infection within 4-6 months
3050. Effect of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and formaldehyde in the formulation of rPA anthrax vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Rabbits that had been injected with a single DOSE of 25 microg of rPA adsorbed to 500 microg of aluminum in aluminum hydroxide gel (Alhydrogel) had a significantly higher quantitative anti-rPA IgG ELISA titers (p<0.0001) and toxin neutralizing antibody (TNA) assay titers (p<0.0001) than rabbits tested at the next lowest concentration of aluminum (158 microg)
- Rabbits injected with two DOSEs of 50 microg of rPA formulated with 500 microg of aluminum also had significantly higher serological responses, as measured by a quantitative anti-rPA IgG ELISA (p<0.0001) and TNA assay (p<0.0001), than sera from rabbits injected with a rPA vaccine formulated without adjuvant
- Rabbits injected with a single DOSE of 50 microg of rPA formulated with 500 microg of aluminum and 0.2% formaldehyde had significantly higher ELISA (p<0.0001) and TNA assay (p<0.0001) titers than rabbits that had been injected with a rPA vaccine formulated with adjuvant but without formaldehyde
3051. Safety trial using the Leishmune vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A group of 600 healthy and asymptomatic dogs from Brazilian canine visceral leishmaniasis endemic areas was vaccinated with three sc DOSEs of Leishmune which is the industrialized formulation of the FML-saponin, recently licensed for commercialization in Brazil, which previously showed 76-80% vaccine efficacy against canine visceral leishmaniasis
- All effects showed significantly correlating declines, from the first to the third DOSE (p<0.0001)
- No dead by anaphylaxis occurred, and only two dogs (0.1%) showed allergic reactions (facial oedema and itching) after the third DOSE
- All the mild adverse events in response to Leishmune injection were transient and disappeared before the injection of the following vaccine DOSE, confirming the tolerability of the vaccine
3052. Inhibitor of heat-shock protein 90 enhances the antitumor effect of DNA vaccine targeting clients of heat-shock protein.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The efficacy of various DOSEs of GA combined with an N-terminal neu (N'-neu) DNA vaccine was investigated in a transplanted tumor constitutively overexpressing endogenous p185(neu)
- Low-DOSE (2.5 mug) but not high-DOSE (10 microg) GA enhanced the effect of N'-neu DNA vaccination on the inhibition of murine bladder tumor-2 tumors in syngeneic C3H mice
3053. Prevalence and risk factors for bloodborne exposure and infection in correctional healthcare workers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Overall, 222 CHCWs (72%) reported having received a primary hepatitis B vaccination series; of these, 150 (68%) tested positive for anti-hepatitis B surface antigen, with negative results significantly associated with receipt of last DOSE more than 5 years previously
3054. Enhanced protection against Streptococcus pyogenes infection by intranasal vaccination with a dual antigen component M protein/SfbI lipid core peptide vaccine formulation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mice were completely protected following a respiratory challenge with a lethal DOSE of a heterologous S
3055. Evaluation of the effectiveness of routine measles vaccination: case-control study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Adoption of two-DOSE measles vaccination policy with the second DOSE being given at older age needs to be considered to correct the problem of vaccine failure.
3056. Convincing or confusing? Economic evaluations of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination--a review (2002-2006).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The cost of the vaccination program (determined by price per DOSE and schedule (4 or 3 DOSEs, or fewer)), and likely herd immunity impacts are highly influential though rarely explored in these published studies
- If the net long-term impact (determined by a mixture of effects related to herd immunity, serotype replacement, antibiotic resistance and cross reactivity) remains beneficial and if a 3-DOSE schedule confers near-equivalent protection to a 4-DOSE schedule, the cost-effectiveness of PCV7 vaccination programs can be viewed as attractive in developed countries.
3057. Safety and immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS02A candidate malaria vaccine in children aged 1-4 in Mozambique.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- RTS,S/AS02A candidate malaria vaccine has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in previous studies in adults and staggered DOSE-escalation studies in children in The Gambia
- We carried out a phase I, double-blind randomized controlled trial in 60 children aged 1-4 in Mozambique to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the paediatric vaccine DOSE (fixed 25 microg RTS,S in 0.25 ml) of RTS,S/AS02A, prior to undertaking a planned larger phase IIb proof-of-concept of efficacy study in the same population
3058. Prevention of rotavirus disease: guidelines for use of rotavirus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends routine immunization of infants with 3 DOSEs of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine administered orally at 2, 4, and 6 months of age
- The first DOSE should be administered between 6 and 12 weeks of age; immunization should not be initiated for infants older than 12 weeks of age
- Subsequent DOSEs should be administered at 4- to 10-week intervals, and all 3 DOSEs of vaccine should be administered by 32 weeks of age
- Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine is contraindicated for infants with a serious allergic reaction to any vaccine component or to a previous DOSE of vaccine.
3059. Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine at the end of shelf life.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During 2002-2004, 1312 healthy infants approximately 6 to 12 weeks old from the United States (47%) and Finland (53%) were randomly assigned to receive 3 oral DOSEs of vaccine (vaccine at approximately 1.1 x 10(7) infectious U per DOSE) or placebo approximately 4 to 10 weeks apart
- Three DOSEs of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine at the end of shelf life demonstrated efficacy against rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by human G-serotypes included in the vaccine (G1-G4)
- No statistically significant increase in vomiting, diarrhea, or irritability was observed among pentavalent rotavirus vaccine recipients compared with placebo recipients within the 7-day period from each DOSE
- A statistically significant increase in fevers (> or = 100.5 degrees F, rectal equivalent) was observed among pentavalent rotavirus vaccine recipients compared with placebo recipients after DOSE 1
3060. A clinical development paradigm for cancer vaccines and related biologics.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Objectives should include initiation of a safety database, determination of DOSE and schedule, and demonstration of biologic activity as proof-of-principle
3061. Systemic innate immune responses following intrapulmonary delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in sheep.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The ODN DOSE required to induce detectable systemic responses following IPM delivery could be reduced by approximately 80% if the CpG ODN was administered in 30% emulsigen instead of saline
3062. Long-term protection in children with meningococcal C conjugate vaccination: lessons learned.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Induction of immunological memory in infants and young children was also demonstrated by either a low DOSE of polysaccharide challenge following primary immunization with MCC or by an increase in avidity indices post-primary to pre-challenge
- MCC vaccine was introduced into the UK routine immunization schedule at 2, 3 and 4 months of age in 1999, with a catch-up as a single DOSE to all children aged 1-18 years with two DOSEs for infants aged 5-11 months
3063. [Strategies of vaccination for adult population in Spain in the actuality].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Taking into account that some vaccines administered in the childhood do not lend long term immunity, unless a booster DOSE is given, vaccinated subjects return susceptible with the course of time
3064. Efficacy of a modified live intranasal bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in 3-week-old calves experimentally challenged with BRSV.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two experimental bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) challenge studies were undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a single intranasal DOSE of a bivalent modified live vaccine containing BRSV in 3-week-old calves
3065. Preventing tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis among adults: use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and recommendation of ACIP, supported by the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC), for use of Tdap among health-care personnel.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Prelicensure studies demonstrated safety and efficacy, inferred through immunogenicity, against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis when Tdap was administered as a single booster DOSE to adults
- To reduce pertussis morbidity among adults and maintain the standard of care for tetanus and diphtheria prevention and to reduce the transmission of pertussis to infants and in health-care settings, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that: 1) adults aged 19-64 years should receive a single DOSE of Tdap to replace tetanus and diphtheria toxoids vaccine (Td) for booster immunization against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis if they received their last DOSE of Td >or=10 years earlier and they have not previously received Tdap; 2) intervals shorter than 10 years since the last Td may be used for booster protection against pertussis; 3) adults who have or who anticipate having close contact with an infant aged <12 months (e.g., parents, grandparents aged <65 years, child-care providers, and health-care personnel) should receive a single DOSE of Tdap to reduce the risk for transmitting pertussis
- Women who have not previously received Tdap should receive a DOSE of Tdap in the immediate postpartum period; 4) health-care personnel who work in hospitals or ambulatory care settings and have direct patient contact should receive a single DOSE of Tdap as soon as feasible if they have not previously received Tdap
- An interval as short as 2 years from the last DOSE of Td is recommended; shorter intervals may be used
3066. Prevention and treatment of influenza in high-risk groups: children, pregnant women, immunocompromised hosts, and nursing home residents.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In these preclinical toxicology studies, the DOSE of oseltamivir exceeded that which would be used in humans
- Although in studies performed in North America, resistance was not a frequent event, it has been documented in Japanese children treated with this medication; the adequacy of the DOSE used has been questioned
3067. [The estimation of treatment of Hymenoptera venoms allergy in children].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this method injections of vaccines in rising DOSEs was repeated in intervals of 7 days during 3 or 4 months
- After obtaining the DOSE of 100 microg/ml the maintenance therapy is continued during 3-5 years with prolongation of time between vaccine injection to 4-5 weeks
- Using this method the maintenance DOSE of vaccine can obtained after 5 days therapy using 3 to 5 concentrations of vaccines during one day
3068. Diphtheria boosters for adults: balancing risks.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Five DOSEs of diphtheria-toxoid containing vaccine are probably sufficient protection for individuals who remain in low-incidence countries such as those in most of Western Europe
- Adults who remain in the UK are extremely unlikely to be exposed to diphtheria and this needs to be taken into account when assessing the balance of risk where individuals have received fewer than five DOSEs of diphtheria toxoid but five or more DOSEs of tetanus toxoid
- In contrast to diphtheria, if someone has received fewer than five DOSEs of tetanus toxoid but is up to date for diphtheria toxoid, the balance of lifelong risk is probably in favour of giving tetanus toxoid irrespective of the individual's diphtheria status
- For travellers to diphtheria endemic countries boosters are recommended if more than 10 years has elapsed since the last DOSE
- For individuals who have already received five or more DOSEs of tetanus vaccine in the past, receiving further boosters of tetanus in combination with diphtheria toxoid is unlikely to cause any significant reactions
3069. Rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- RIX4414 is a human, live attenuated rotavirus vaccine containing a rotavirus strain of G1P[8] specificity; it is administered orally using a two-DOSE schedule
- RIX4414 protected against rotavirus gastroenteritis from the first DOSE onwards
3070. Immunizing patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of effectiveness and safety.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Live vaccines are contraindicated in patients on immunosuppressive agents or high DOSE steroids (prednisone 20 mg/day or greater)
3071. Safety and efficacy of hepatitis A vaccine in children with chronic liver disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine (Havrix: 720 ELISA units in 0.5 mL, from GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) was given intramuscularly in the deltoid in 2 DOSEs 6 mo apart
- Children were tested for HAV antibodies one and six months after the 1st DOSE and one month after the 2nd DOSE
- Total serum bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined immediately before and after one month of the 1st DOSE of the vaccine
- Only 7 out of the 11 patients were positive for HAV antibodies after the 1st DOSE of the vaccine, as compared to 100% of the controls
- One month after the 2nd DOSE, all patients tested were positive for HAV antibodies
- No adverse events, immediate or late, were reported by the mothers after each DOSE of the vaccine
3072. Safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of cold-adapted influenza vaccine-trivalent against community-acquired, culture-confirmed influenza in young children attending day care.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children 6 to <36 months of age who were attending day care were assigned randomly in year 1 to receive 2 DOSEs of vaccine or placebo intranasally, 35 +/- 7 days apart
- In year 2, subjects received 1 DOSE of the same treatment as in year 1
- Runny nose or nasal discharge after DOSE 1 in year 1 was the only reactogenicity event that was significantly more frequent with cold-adapted influenza vaccine-trivalent (82.3%) than placebo (75.4%)
3073. Chinese herbal ingredients are effective immune stimulators for chickens infected with the Newcastle disease virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Chickens in groups 1 to 8 were also administered subcutaneously on the dorsal region of the neck with 0.5 mL of the corresponding CHI at 2 DOSEs: 29 and 58 mg/kg of BW for APS and IRPS and 7.25 and 14.5 mg/kg of BW for the others, once daily for 3 successive days
- On the basis of the in vivo DOSEs used, Propolis polysaccharide and Epimedium flavone were more potent than APS and IRPS in promoting the humoral immune response in the young birds (P < 0.05)
- Collectively, these findings suggest that appropriate DOSEs of CHI can be used as novel, effective immune stimulators for chickens.
3074. Experience with heat shock protein-peptide complex 96 vaccine therapy in patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Autologous vaccines were successfully prepared for 17 (85%) patients and all received at least 1 DOSE
3075. Case-control study of vaccination history in relation to pertussis risk during an outbreak among school students.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We conducted a 1:2 matched case-control study among school children and used conditional logistic regression to evaluate risk factors for pertussis, including the total number of vaccine DOSEs received, age at administration of each DOSE of vaccine and the type of vaccine (whole cell or acellular)
- Students missing at least one DOSE of the vaccine had higher risk for pertussis than those who received all 5 DOSEs (odds ratio [OR], 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-4.77)
- Early administration of the fifth DOSE of the vaccine at age 4 years was significantly associated with risk for pertussis compared with vaccination at age 5 years (adjusted OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.16-5.16)
- A short time interval (<36 months) between the fourth and fifth DOSEs of the vaccine also tended to increase the risk for pertussis, although this association was not statistically significant
- Administering all 5 DOSEs of pertussis vaccine and the fifth DOSE at age 5 years with at least 36 months between the fourth and fifth DOSEs provided the best protection against pertussis among children and adolescents in this outbreak.
3076. [Effect of 1-year specific immunotherapy with standardized house dust mite vaccine on mild to moderate allergic asthmatic patients].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Updosing was performed with weekly injections from four 10-fold DOSE-increase vials (active group: 100, 1,000, 10,000, 100,000 SQ-U/ml, control group: 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 microg/ml
- The single-DOSE was injected weekly with 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 ml of each concentration in turn from the preceding 3 vials, totally for 9 weeks
- Subsequently, the DOSE with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 ml of the highest concentration was injected weekly from the 10th-14th week and a maintenance DOSE with 1 ml was reached at the 15th week
- After 1-year treatment, no significant differences were found in morning and evening peak expiratory flow of predicted value (PEF%), forced expiratory volume in one second of predicted value (FEV(1)/FVC), forced vital capacity of predicted value (FVC%), forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV(1)/FVC), provoking DOSE decreasing FEV(1) by 20% (PD(20)-FEV(1)) between the active group [(97 +/- 17)%, (98 +/- 18)%, (91 +/- 11)%, (98 +/- 9)%, (82 +/- 10)%, 2.35 (7.9) micromol] and the control group [(99 +/- 19)%, (100 +/- 19)%, (90 +/- 14)%, (99 +/- 13)%, (82 +/- 9)%, 1.80 (7.8) micromol] (t = 0.170 - 0.630, Z = 0.264, all P > 0.05)
3077. New strategies for the elimination of polio from India.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Perhaps the greatest challenge is in India, where transmission has persisted in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar despite high coverage with multiple DOSEs of vaccine
3078. Clinical and immunologic risk factors for meningococcal C conjugate vaccine failure in the United Kingdom.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A vaccine failure was defined as a laboratory-confirmed case of MenC disease occurring > or =10 days after the subject's last scheduled DOSE of MCC vaccine
3079. Immunization with outer membrane proteins of Pasteurella multocida (6:B) provides protection in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3080. Influence of carrier proteins on the immunologic response to haptenic antitetrodotoxin vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The proportion of the immunized mice surviving a 3x lethal DOSE (LD) DOSE of TTX challenge was 92%, 75%, 42%, 8%, and 0% for TTH-, TT-, LPH-, DT-, and BSA-TTX conjugates, respectively
3081. Variation in hepatitis B immunization coverage rates associated with provider practices after the temporary suspension of the birth dose.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Public Health Service recommended suspending the birth DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine due to concerns about potential mercury exposure
- It is unknown whether this underimmunization occurred uniformly or was associated with how providers changed their practices for the timing of hepatitis B vaccine DOSEs
- We evaluate the impact of the birth DOSE suspension on underimmunization for the hepatitis B vaccine series among 24-month-olds in five large provider groups and describe provider practices potentially associated with underimmunization following the suspension
- Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the birth DOSE suspension and a child's probability of being underimmunized at 24 months for the hepatitis B vaccine series
- After the national recommendation to suspend the hepatitis B birth DOSE, the percent of children who received a hepatitis B vaccination at birth decreased in all provider groups, and this trend persisted after the policy was reversed
- The most substantial decreases were observed in the two provider groups that shifted the first hepatitis B DOSE from birth to 5-6 months of age
- Accounting for temporal trend, children in these two provider groups were significantly more likely to be underimmunized for the hepatitis B series at 24 months of age if they were in the birth DOSE suspension cohort compared with baseline (Group D OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.7-4.4; Group E OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.3-4.2)
- In contrast, in a third provider group where the typical timing of the third DOSE was unchanged and in two other provider groups whose hepatitis B vaccination schedules were unaffected by the birth DOSE suspension, hepatitis B vaccination coverage either was maintained or improved
- When the hepatitis B birth DOSE was suspended, provider groups that moved the first DOSE of vaccination to 5-6 months of age or later had decreases in hepatitis B vaccine coverage at 24 months
- These findings suggest that as vaccine policy changes occur, providers could attempt to minimize underimmunization by adopting vaccination schedules that minimize delays in the recommended timing of vaccine DOSEs.
3082. Hepatitis A vaccines and the elderly.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The only prospective study with monovalent hepatitis A vaccine in the elderly showed a reduced seroprotection of approximately 65% after a single primary DOSE in subjects over the age of 50 years, while seroprotection was 98% in this age group after receiving a booster DOSE
- The only prospective study with combined hepatitis A and B vaccine in younger subjects or older than 40 years showed similar seroprotection (99-100%) against HAV compared to a monovalent vaccine after receiving three DOSEs
- In the mean time, based on the available data, the suggestion is made to screen elderly travellers to areas endemic for HAV for the presence of naturally acquired immunity, and, if found susceptible, be immunised well in advance of their trip, to allow time for post-vaccination antibody testing and/or administration of a second DOSE of the vaccine.
3083. Similar long-term vaccine efficacy of two versus three doses of HBV vaccine in early life.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, immunological theory and mathematical modelling suggest that similar protection could be induced with two DOSEs, and trials among adolescents and adults have shown comparable rates for both primary seroprotection and geometric mean titres following vaccination
- We determined vaccine efficacy among 60 children who only received two DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine as infants and among 463 children who had received three DOSEs after 4-7 years of follow-up
- Vaccine efficacy among the two-DOSE group was 86.3% against anti-HBc positivity (infection) and 92.3% against HBsAg positivity (carriage), which was similar to the vaccine efficacy found among the participants who had received three DOSEs
3084. Vaccination of small Asian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) against rabies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- V-RG vaccine, additional investigations will be necessary to determine the optimal DOSE and duration of vaccination, as well as incorporation of the SPBNGA-S vaccine into edible bait.
3085. Delivery of DNA vaccines by agarose hydrogel implants facilitates genetic immunization in cattle.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two experiments show that a first intradermal administration of one DNA vaccine DOSE combined with the slow-release of a second DOSE conduct to a priming of the bovine herpesvirus 1-specific immune response similar to the one generated by two discrete administrations 4 weeks apart
3086. Accelerated versus classical hepatitis B virus vaccination programs in healthcare workers accelerated vs. classical HBV vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- HBV markers were re-examined for the emergence of anti-HBsAg and also to detect the development of a possible acute HBV infection one, two, and three months after the last DOSE of vaccine
- The seroprotection rates were similar one, two, and three months after the last DOSE of vaccine in both groups
- Anti-HBsAg titers in group 1 were higher than in group 2 two and three months after the last DOSE of vaccination (p<0.05)
3087. Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and of reduction of antibiotic use on nasopharyngeal carriage of nonsusceptible pneumococci in children with acute otitis media.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The proportion of PCV7-vaccinated children (> or =1 DOSE) increased from 8.2% (year 1) to 61.4% (year 3)
3088. Effectiveness of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease: a matched case-control study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of the vaccine against various pneumococcal serotypes, and to measure the effectiveness of the recommended DOSE schedule and of catch-up and incomplete schedules
- Effectiveness of one or more DOSEs against vaccine serotypes was 96% (95% CI 93-98) in healthy children and 81% (57-92) in those with coexisting disorders
- Several schedules were more protective than no vaccination; three infant DOSEs with a booster were more protective against vaccine-type disease than were three infant DOSEs alone (p=0.0323)
3089. Immunological consequences of using three different clinical/laboratory techniques of emulsifying peptide-based vaccines in incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At a suboptimal vaccine DOSE, the mice vaccinated with a peptide-based vaccine emulsion prepared using the vortex technique had the largest tumors compared to the syringe-extrusion or the homogenizer technique
- However, in instances where the optimal DOSE is unknown, we caution investigators against using the vortex technique to prepare the peptide-based vaccine emulsions
- Overall, we report that all three techniques can be used to prepare peptide-based vaccine emulsions under optimal DOSE conditions and we discuss important details regarding the proper preparation of the emulsions.
3090. Protective efficacy of neutralizing antibodies against Ebola virus infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Although antibody treatment in the guinea pig model was not as effective as in the mouse model, single-DOSE treatment of guinea pigs 1 day before, or 1 or 2 days after challenge did protect some animals
3091. Induction of protective immune responses against the challenge of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by the oral administration of transgenic tobacco plant expressing ApxIIA toxin from the bacteria.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Additionally, mice fed the transgenic plant powder were protected from an injection of a lethal DOSE of A
3092. Vaccines for preventing malaria (pre-erythrocytic).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- RTS,S also reduced clinical malaria episodes by 63% (95% CI 18% to 83%) in semi-immune adult men in the second year of follow up after a booster DOSE
3093. LC16m8: an attenuated smallpox vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- LC16m8 is immunogenic after a single DOSE, and recent studies in two different animal models have demonstrated protective efficacy equivalent to that of the only FDA-licensed smallpox vaccine
3094. Efficacy of intradermal hepatitis B vaccination compared to intramuscular vaccination in hemodialysis patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Small DOSE intradermal inoculation method of hepatitis B vaccine has been reported to be effective as well as economical, and could provide rapid seroconvesion of immunity
- Fifty one hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to two groups, 25 patients received a total 7 DOSEs of 10 mmicrog of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix B) intradermally every 2 weeks (ID group), whereas 26 patients received 40 microg intramuscularly at 0, 1, 2 and 6 months (IM group)
- Seven DOSEs of 10 mg intradermal vaccination induced a high seroconversion rate and were comparable with intramuscular regimen
3095. Passive immunoprophylaxis and therapy with humanized monoclonal antibody specific for influenza A H5 hemagglutinin in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When used to treat infection VN04-2-huG1 was also completely protective, even when introduced three days post infection, although higher DOSE of antibody was required
3096. Comparison of saftey and immunogenicity of purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine (PCECV) and purified vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) using the Thai Red Cross intradermal regimen at a dose of 0.1 ML.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study we evaluated the efficacy, immunogenicity and tolerability of PCECV and PVRV administered ID in DOSEs of 0.1 mL per site according to the 2-site Thai Red Cross (TRC) regimen
- Patients with WHO category III exposure to suspect or laboratory proven rabid animals were administered either PCECV (n = 58) or PVRV (n = 52) ID at a DOSE of 0.1 mL per site at two sites on days 0, 3 and 7 and at one site on days 30 and 90
- As demonstrated, PCECV and PVRV are both immunogenic, efficacious and well tolerated when administered in the TRC post-exposure prophylaxis regimen in ID DOSEs of 0.1 mL as recommended by WHO guidelines
3097. Preclinical evaluation of a chimeric malaria vaccine candidate in Montanide ISA 720: immunogenicity and safety in rhesus macaques.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The mean anti-PfCP2.9 titres to the 50 microg DOSE group were higher than the other DOSE groups; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the anti-CP2.9 titres of any of the groups, suggesting that the immune response to PfCP2.9 was saturated at 25 microg
- One animal in the 100 microg DOSE group elicited a higher antibody and IFN-gamma response to PfCP2.9 than the rest of the cohort; this animal developed a small sterile abscess following the second vaccination, which spontaneously resolved within one week
- (a) 50 microg is highly immunogenic, appears safe, and is likely to be an appropriate DOSE for clinical evaluation; and (b) a conservative trial design is warranted to avoid any unexpected reactogenicity with the PfCP2.9/ISA 720 formulation.
3098. Safety and immunogenicity of a combination measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine (ProQuad).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A total of 5833 healthy children, 12-23 months of age, and 399 healthy children, 4-6 years of age, received 1 or 2 DOSEs of ProQuad in five controlled clinical trials
- Safety was evaluated for six weeks postvaccination and immunogenicity was assessed six weeks after each DOSE by a sensitive assay (ELISA or gpELISA)
- A single DOSE of ProQuad in 12- to 23-month-old children was shown to be as immunogenic as a single DOSE of M-M-R II and VARIVAX and was generally well tolerated
- A higher rate of fever was reported after 1 DOSE of ProQuad compared to M-M-R II and VARIVAX, but fever episodes were transient without long-term sequelae
- Both a 2-DOSE regimen of ProQuad in 12- to 23-month-olds and use of ProQuad in place of M-M-R II at 4-6 years were shown to be immunogenic and well tolerated
- The incidence of adverse experiences following a second DOSE of ProQuad was lower than that following the initial DOSE
- A single DOSE of ProQuad is as immunogenic as M-M-R II and VARIVAX and is well tolerated in a 1- or 2-DOSE schedule
3099. Oral vaccination of brushtail possums with BCG: Investigation into factors that may influence vaccine efficacy and determination of duration of protection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All possums were challenged by the aerosol route with a low DOSE of virulent M
- Factors considered potentially capable of interfering with vaccination, including feeding dead BCG to possums prior to feeding live BCG, feeding multiple DOSEs of BCG at one time, and changing strains of BCG, were shown not to interfere with the acquisition of protective immune responses in possums
3100. Hepatitis B infection among health workers in Uganda: evidence of the need for health worker protection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Only 5.1% reported having had at least one DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine and 3.5% were apparently immune through vaccination
3101. Long-term immunogenicity and efficacy of a 9-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in human immunodeficient virus infected and non-infected children in the absence of a booster dose of vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3102. Specificity and efficacy of dendritic cell-based vaccination against tuberculosis with complex mycobacterial antigens in a mouse model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, following adoptive transfer of a single DOSE of antigen-pulsed DC into naive recipients, NMS-DC induced T cells that proliferated in response to mycobacterial antigen, whereas FCS-DC stimulated strong non-specific proliferation
- Vaccination with two DOSEs of antigen-pulsed NMS-DC by the subcutaneous route induced significant protection against intravenous challenge with a moderate DOSE of virulent M
- Three DOSEs of antigen-pulsed NMS-DC induced a significant increase in survival time following high DOSE challenge, which correlated with a significant increase in IFN-gamma-producing cells in both lung and lymphoid tissues, as assessed by the ELISPOT assay
3103. The human papillomavirus vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Each patient receives three 0.5 mL DOSEs given according to the following schedule: first DOSE is given at the elected date, second DOSE two months after the first DOSE, and third DOSE six months after the first DOSE
- According to statements from Merck, the list price of the vaccine is 120 USD per DOSE
3104. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza vaccine, trivalent, with trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine in children and adolescents with asthma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children 6 to 17 years of age, with a clinical diagnosis of asthma, received a single DOSE of either intranasal CAIV-T (an investigational refrigerator-stable formulation of LAIV; n = 1114) or injectable trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV; n = 1115) in this randomized, open-label study during the 2002-2003 influenza season
3105. Quantification of poly(I:C)-mediated protection against genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Using a protection quantification paradigm, groups of mice were PIC treated and then subdivided into groups challenged with escalating DOSEs of HSV-2
- PIC treatment within this window protected against 10-fold-higher HSV-2 challenges, as indicated by increased 50% infectious DOSE values relative to those for vehicle-treated controls
- Disease resolution and survival were significantly enhanced by repetitive PIC DOSEs
- No evidence of immunotoxicity was observed in selected organs that were analyzed following repetitive vaginal PIC DOSEs
3106. Noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus can persist in testicular tissue after vaccination of peri-pubertal bulls but prevents subsequent infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Seronegative, peri-pubertal bulls were vaccinated subcutaneously with an approximate minimum immunizing DOSE or a 10x standard DOSE of modified-live, noncytopathic BVDV or were maintained as unvaccinated controls
3107. Comparison of protective efficacy of subcutaneous versus intranasal immunization of mice with a Brucella melitensis lipopolysaccharide subunit vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two DOSEs of vaccine were given 4 weeks apart
- melitensis strain 16M 4 weeks after the second DOSE of vaccine
3108. Efficacy of modified levamisole adjuvant on inactivated virus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Furthermore, this formulation provides 100% protection in chickens after challenge with a lethal DOSE of virulent NDV strain F48E9 at 1000 ELD50 (50% egg lethal DOSE)
3109. Measles transmission following the tsunami in a population with a high one-dose vaccination coverage, Tamil Nadu, India 2004-2005.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- On 26 December 2004, a tsunami struck the coast of the state of Tamil Nadu, India, where one-DOSE measles coverage exceeded 95%
- Transmission despite high one-DOSE vaccination coverage pointed to the limitations of this vaccination strategy
3110. Herpes zoster vaccine (Zostavax).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Each DOSE of Zostavax contains about 14 times as much varicella-zoster virus (VZV) as Varivax, which has been used in the US since 1995 to vaccinate against varicella (chicken pox).
3111. Immunomodulation of Japanese encephalitis vaccine through CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mice were immunized with one DOSE of JE vaccine 0.1 ml with different concentrations (10, 25 and 100 microg) of CpG ODN
- The serum antibody level and cytokines were evaluated and compared with mice immunized with two DOSEs of JE vaccine alone
- Our studies revealed that anti-JE antibody level in mice immunized with single DOSE of 0.1 ml JE vaccine and 100 microg CpG ODN were almost equal to mice immunized with two DOSEs of JE vaccine alone
3112. Live, attenuated influenza A H5N1 candidate vaccines provide broad cross-protection in mice and ferrets.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Four weeks after receiving a single DOSE of 10(6) 50% tissue culture infectious DOSEs of intranasally administered vaccines, mice were fully protected from lethality following challenge with homologous and antigenically distinct heterologous wt H5N1 viruses from different genetic sublineages (clades 1, 2, and 3) that were isolated in Asia between 1997 and 2005
- Four weeks after receiving two DOSEs of the vaccines, mice and ferrets were fully protected against pulmonary replication of homologous and heterologous wt H5N1 viruses
3113. Vaccination coverage survey in Dhaka District.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A survey was conducted in Dhaka District to measure the level of routine immunization coverage of children (12-23 months), to assess the tetanus toxoid (TT) immunization coverage among mothers of children (12-23 month), to evaluate EPI program continuity (dropout rates) and quality (percent of Invalid DOSEs, vaccination card availability etc.) For this purpose, a thirty cluster cross-sectional survey was conducted in October 2002 to assess the immunization coverage in Dhaka
- Sixty six percent of all children surveyed had received valid DOSEs of all vaccines by 12 months (fully immunized child)
- Invalid DPT (1,2 or 3) DOSEs were given to 25% of vaccinated children; 18% of measles DOSEs were invalid
- Surprisingly, major cause for invalid DOSEs were not due to early immunizations or due to card lost but for giving tick in the card, instead of writing a valid date
- Major reason parents gave for never vaccinating their children (zero DOSE children) was (43%), major reasons for incomplete vaccination was lack of knowledge regarding subsequent DOSEs (46%)
- But high dropouts and invalid DOSEs reduced these percentages of fully immunized child to 66%
3114. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor as an adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccination: a meta-analysis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Using a logistic approach a significant DOSE/response effect of GM-CSF was seen
3115. Evaluation of passively transferred, nonneutralizing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-mediating IgG in protection of neonatal rhesus macaques against oral SIVmac251 challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The neonates were challenged twice orally with 10(5) 50% inhibiting tissue culture-infective DOSE of SIVmac251 2 days post-IgG infusion
- Possible factors contributing to the discrepancy between the previous correlation and lack of protection here include: the high oral challenge DOSE compared with the 400-fold lower intrarectal DOSE; the challenge route with regard to viral dissemination and distribution of infused IgG; insufficient NK effector activity and/or poor functionality in newborns; insufficient immune IgG; and the possibility that the previous correlation of ADCC with protection was augmented by cellular immune responses also present at challenge
3116. Comparative efficacy of modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) as a potential replacement smallpox vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Although protection is shown to decay with time, when administered at a standard human DOSE the longevity of protection induced by MVA is comparable to that induced by Lister.
3117. Vaginal protection and immunity after oral immunization of mice with a novel vaccine strain of Listeria monocytogenes expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the absence of d-alanine, Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were induced systemically after intravenous immunization, and one strain, Lmdd-gag/pARS, induced strong DOSE-dependent Gag-specific CTLs after oral immunization
3118. Two successive outbreaks of mumps in Nova Scotia among vaccinated adolescents and young adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The first outbreak involved 13 high-school students (median age 14 yr): 9 who had previously received 2 DOSEs of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) and 4 who received a single DOSE
- The second outbreak comprised 19 cases of mumps among students and some staff at a local university (median age 23 yr), of whom 18 had received only 1 DOSE of MMR (the other received a second DOSE)
- The people affected may represent a "lost cohort" who do not have immunity from natural mumps infection and were not offered a 2-DOSE schedule
3119. A single immunization with a recombinant canine adenovirus expressing the rabies virus G protein confers protective immunity against rabies in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single intramuscular or intranasal immunization of mice with CAV2-RVG induced protective immunity in a DOSE-dependent manner, with no clinical signs or discomfort from the virus infection regardless of the route of administration or the amount of virus.
3120. Aerosol measles vaccination in macaques: preclinical studies of immune responses and safety.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3121. Mathematical model of the first wave of Plasmodium falciparum asexual parasitemia in non-immune and vaccinated individuals.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This required four case-specific parameters: the basic two-day multiplication factor, the time of onset of adaptive immunity, and the effective DOSE 50 densities for the innate and adaptive immune responses, respectively
3122. Extended double-dosage HBV vaccination after liver transplantation is ineffective, in the absence of lamivudine and prior wash-out of human Hepatitis B immunoglobulins.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination consisted of two cycles of three intramuscular double DOSEs (40 microg), given at month 0, 1, 2, and 3, 4, 5, respectively
- The first DOSE was given 2 weeks after stopping lamivudine and the intravenous administration of anti-HBs immunoglobulins
3123. Encapsulation of antigenic extracts of Salmonella enterica serovar. Abortusovis into polymeric systems and efficacy as vaccines in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To establish the protective value of these subunit vaccines, particles were injected in one single DOSE (20 microg of HSao) subcutaneously in BALB/c mice in order to observe the protection conferred against experimental infection with the virulent strains S
3124. Allergic rhinitis and sinusitis in asthma: differential effects on symptoms and pulmonary function.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A cohort study of participants in two trials of the American Lung Association-Asthma Clinical Research Centers: 2,031 asthmatics in the Safety of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Asthma in Adults and Children (SIIVA) trial and 488 asthmatics in the Effectiveness of Low DOSE Theophylline as Add-on Treatment in Asthma (LODO) trial
3125. The gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) mimetic peptide IFN-gamma (95-133) prevents encephalomyocarditis virus infection both in tissue culture and in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- IFN-gamma(95-133) prevented EMC virus-induced lethality in mice in a DOSE-dependent manner compared to controls
- Injection of B8R protein, which is encoded by poxviruses as a defense mechanism to neutralize host IFN-gamma, did not inhibit IFN-gamma(95-133) protection against a lethal DOSE of EMC virus, whereas mice treated with rat IFN-gamma were not protected
3126. Peptide vaccination of patients with metastatic melanoma: improved clinical outcome in patients demonstrating effective immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We set out to evaluate the impact of low-DOSE GM-CSF emulsified in Montanide ISA-51 on the immunogenicity of HLA-A2 restricted melanoma differentiation antigen peptide vaccines (MART-1, gp100 and tyrosinase) administered in separate subcutaneous injections
- The addition of low-DOSE GM-CSF did not impact immunization efficacy
- The addition of low DOSE GM-CSF to peptide vaccines did not enhance immunogenicity
- Higher DOSEs of GM-CSF may be needed to achieve this effect and this is a testable hypothesis
3127. Interferon-gamma dose-dependently inhibits prostaglandin E2-mediated dendritic-cell-migration towards secondary lymphoid organ chemokines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Here, we demonstrate that addition of IFN-gamma to the standard maturation cocktail decreased CCR7 mRNA and down-regulated CCR7 expression on MoDCs in a DOSE-dependent manner
3128. Meta-analysis: intradermal vs. intramuscular vaccination against hepatitis B virus in patients with chronic kidney disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Patients were followed for a minimum of 7 months after the first vaccine DOSE
3129. Decision analysis in planning for a polio outbreak in the United States.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We applied decision analysis to 8 strategies for outbreak control: no intervention, 1 or 2 inactivated polio vaccine DOSEs, 1 or 2 trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine DOSEs, 1 or 2 monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine DOSEs, and sequential inactivated polio vaccine-monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine
- Monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine provided optimal outbreak control in most scenarios because of high seroconversion rates with 1 DOSE
3130. Rotavirus vaccination and intussusception: can we decrease temporally associated background cases of intussusception by restricting the vaccination schedule?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We used national vaccine coverage rates and age-specific incidence of intussusception by months to model the number of temporally associated cases of intussusception that are expected by chance alone for 2 potential vaccination strategies: a strict schedule, limiting immunization to children within 1 month of the designated age for each DOSE (ie, 60-89, 120-149, and 180-209 days for DOSEs 1, 2, and 3, respectively) versus a free schedule whereby infants are immunized whenever they appear for their routine vaccines up to 1 year of age
- This reduction was attributable largely to the smaller number of infants who were immunized fully under the strict schedule (vaccine coverage for 3 DOSEs, 67% vs 89%)
- The cumulative risk for intussusception's occurring by chance in the 2-week postvaccination window essentially was the same between schedules (4.59 vs 4.76 per 100000 DOSEs)
- Most cases occurred after the second or third DOSE
3131. Occupational lyssavirus risks and post-vaccination monitoring.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the UK, rabies pre-exposure vaccination involves a 3-DOSE course (DO, 7 & 28) and reinforcing DOSEs at a 2-3 year intervals
3132. Dietary immunostimulants influence specific immune response and resistance of healthy and immunocompromised Asian catfish Clarias batrachus to Aeromonas hydrophila infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An artificial immunosuppressive state was induced by giving 3 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of cyclophosphamide (CYP) at a DOSE level of 200 mg kg(-1) body weight at 1 wk intervals in the immunocompromised vaccinated subgroup and 3 consecutive injections 3 d before challenge in the immunocompromised non-vaccinated subgroup
3133. Repetitive exposures with simian/human immunodeficiency viruses: strategy to study HIV pre-clinical interventions in non-human primates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Standard transmission models use a single-DOSE exposure with high, non-physiologic levels of virus to approach 100% infection rates of control animals
- Therefore, we have developed a repetitive mucosal exposure model using DOSEs of virus that better reflects human exposures
- The virus used for these evaluations was simian-human immunodeficiency virus [SHIVSF162P3 (R5-using, subtype B HIV-1 envelope)] and the virus DOSE used (approximately 10(5)-10(6) viral particle equivalents or approximately 10 tissue culture infectious DOSEs per exposure) approximates viral loads observed in the semen during acute HIV-1 infection
- CAP efficacy was markedly improved from 66% in a previous single-DOSE virus exposure study to 92% in this repeated exposure system
3134. Effect of vaccination with recombinant canine distemper virus vaccine immediately before exposure under shelter-like conditions.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study, dogs experimentally challenged hours after a single DOSE of rCDV or MLV vaccine became sick but recovered, whereas unvaccinated dogs became sick and died
- Dogs vaccinated with a single DOSE of rCDV or MLV vaccine 1 week before being experimentally challenged remained healthy and showed no clinical signs
- Dogs given one DOSE of rCDV vaccine hours before being placed in a CDV-contaminated environment did not become sick
- These findings support the hypothesis that rCDV vaccine has a similar time-to-immunity as MLV-CDV vaccines and can likewise protect dogs in high-risk environments after one DOSE.
3135. Immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced chronic hepatitis C patients: the effect of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin treatment.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Seroconversion was considered if anti-HBs levels were above 10 mIU/mL within 3 mo following the third DOSE of the vaccine
- Moreover, we prospectively selected 30 non-cirrhotic CHC patients and evaluated them for the efficacy of the same vaccine schedule randomizing them in two groups: Group-1, 15 CHC patients received the first DOSE of the vaccine in parallel with the initiation of PEG plus RIB treatment and Group-2, 15 patients received the same vaccination schedule without concomitant treatment
3136. Comparison and correlation of neisseria meningitidis serogroup B immunologic assay results and human antibody responses following three doses of the Norwegian meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine MenBvac.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The study confirmed the immunogenicity and benefit of a third DOSE of MenBvac against the homologous vaccine strain using a variety of immunologic assays
3137. Safety and efficacy of an infectious bronchitis virus used for chicken embryo vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Assessment of the BeauR-M41(S) strain for efficacy showed that it protected up to 90% of chicks against challenge with virulent IB virus (M41) in a DOSE dependent manner
3138. Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Any influenza vaccine given independently, in any DOSE, preparation or time schedule, compared with placebo or with no intervention was considered
3139. Conjugate vaccines for preventing meningococcal C meningitis and septicaemia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The studies showed that MCC vaccine was highly immunogenic in infants after two and three DOSEs, in toddlers after one and two DOSEs and in older age groups after one DOSE
- Immunological hypo-responsiveness seen after repeated DOSEs of MPLS vaccine may be overcome with MCC
3140. The humoral immune response and protective efficacy of vaccination with inactivated split and whole influenza virus vaccines in BALB/c mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Whole virus vaccine was more immunogenic particularly after the first DOSE of vaccine, generally eliciting higher numbers of systemic antibody secreting cells and an earlier and higher neutralising antibody response
- Immunisation with one DOSE of whole virus vaccine more effectively reduced viral shedding upon non-lethal homologous viral challenge, but two DOSEs of split virus vaccine was most effective at limiting viral replication and this was correlated with high influenza specific serum IgG concentrations
- The two vaccine formulations induced different T helper profiles particularly after one DOSE of vaccine; split virus vaccine induced a type 2 bias response, whereas whole virus vaccine elicited a dominant type 1 response.
3141. The safety and efficacy of dose-sparing intradermal administration of influenza vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3142. Comparative evaluation of immunotherapeutic efficacy of BCG and mw vaccines in patients of borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Group A patients received World Health Organization (W.H.O.) (12 months M.D.T.-MBR) and BCG intradermally (105 live bacilli/per DOSE)
- Group B patients were administered 12 months M.D.T.-MBR and Mycobacterium w (1 x 108) killed bacilli as first DOSE and 0.5 x 108 /DOSE in subsequent DOSEs
- All the groups received 4 DOSEs of vaccine or normal saline repeated at three monthly intervals
3143. Successful induction of clinically competent dendritic cells from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized monocytes for cancer vaccine therapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from leukapheresis products collected before and after systemic administration of G-CSF (subcutaneous administration of high-DOSE [5-10 microg/kg] human recombinant G-CSF for five consecutive days)
3144. Human papillomavirus quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, 18) recombinant vaccine (Gardasil).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It is administered intramuscularly in a three-DOSE regimen, with the initial injection followed by subsequent DOSEs at months 2 and 6
3145. Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of 2 doses of bovine-human (UK) and rhesus-rhesus-human rotavirus reassortant tetravalent vaccines in Finnish children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two DOSEs of study vaccine or placebo were administered at ages 3 and 5 months
- The first DOSE of RRV-TV vaccine was followed by a significant excess rate of febrile reactions (36%), whereas the rate of fever after the administration of BRV-TV vaccine did not differ significantly from that in the placebo group
- Two DOSEs of BRV-TV or RRV-TV vaccine are sufficient for the induction of protection against severe rotavirus disease.
3146. BCG vaccine: efficacy and indications for vaccination and revaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To review the protective efficacy of the first and second DOSEs of BCG vaccine and to assess its major indications and contraindications
- The protective efficacy of the first DOSE of BCG vaccine against miliary tuberculosis or tuberculous meningitis is remarkably important
- There is some evidence that a second DOSE of BCG vaccine does not increase its protective efficacy
3147. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines: efficacy and new combinations.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The reported waning of efficacy more than 1 year after routine infant immunization supports alternative schedules incorporating a booster DOSE of MCC vaccine given at 12-18 months of age, in order to maintain long-term protection
3148. Varicella vaccines and measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Despite evidence that the protection offered by this vaccine can wane over a number of years, it is not yet possible to state that a second DOSE is warranted, bearing in mind exposure to wild virus
- After universal vaccination the chances of natural stimulation should drop and it is very probable that booster DOSEs will become necessary
3149. Complex adenovirus-vectored vaccine protects guinea pigs from three strains of Marburg virus challenges.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3150. GM1 binding-deficient exotoxin is a potent noninflammatory broad spectrum intradermal immunoadjuvant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- adjuvants are important to increase vaccine efficacy in poorly responding populations such as the elderly or for DOSE-sparing strategies in the face of vaccine shortages
3151. Pervasive developmental disorders in Montreal, Quebec, Canada: prevalence and links with immunizations.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The immunization schedule included a measles-mumps-rubella single DOSE at 12 months of age up to 1995, and a second measles-mumps-rubella DOSE at 18 months of age was added on after 1996
- In addition, pervasive developmental disorder prevalence increased at the same rate before and after the introduction in 1996 of the second measles-mumps-rubella DOSE, suggesting no increased risk of pervasive developmental disorder associated with a 2-measles-mumps-rubella dosing schedule before age 2 years
- Thus, no relationship was found between pervasive developmental disorder rates and 1- or 2-DOSE measles-mumps-rubella immunization schedule
- The findings ruled out an association between pervasive developmental disorder and either high levels of ethylmercury exposure comparable with those experienced in the United States in the 1990s or 1- or 2-DOSE measles-mumps-rubella vaccinations.
3152. Induction of antigen-specific T-cell subset activation to bovine respiratory disease viruses by a modified-live virus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of vaccine effectively induced humoral and cellular immune responses against BHV-1, BRSV, and BVDV types 1 and 2 and protected calves after BHV-1 challenge for 6 months after vaccination.
3153. Safety and efficacy of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations in steroid treated and immunocompromised patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin is a viable therapeutic option in patients with high risk superficial bladder cancer and concomitant lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, treatment with low DOSE oral steroids or treatment with inhaled steroids
3154. Allergen immunotherapy: immunomodulatory treatment for allergic diseases.
DOI.org -
SciHub -
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Efficacy appears to be DOSE dependent, and the immunological mechanisms responsible for the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy are still being elucidated
- Conventional subcutaneous immunotherapy build-up schedules involve administration of a single-DOSE increase each visit and it may take several months before a patient achieves the therapeutic maintenance DOSE
- Accelerated schedules, such as rush and cluster, will allow the patient to achieve the maintenance DOSE sooner but there may be a greater risk of a systemic reaction
- Sublingual immunotherapy is clearly safer than subcutaneous immunotherapy, but further investigation is needed to determine optimal DOSE and appropriate patient selection.
3155. Rotavirus and rotavirus vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In these settings, other enteric flora, micronutrient malnutrition, higher titers of maternal antibody and other factors still poorly defined have compromised other live oral vaccines and have required the developers to alter vaccine formulation, DOSE, or schedule
3156. Antimicrobial agents in orthopaedic surgery: Prophylaxis and treatment.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In centres with a low incidence of infection, a single DOSE is sufficient
3157. Tetanus antibody titers and duration of immunity to clinical tetanus infections in free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In 1985 and 1986 all animals (except infants) received primary and booster DOSEs, respectively, of tetanus toxoid
- Other objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of the two-DOSE tetanus toxoid immunization protocol and to determine whether additional boosters might be required to provide adequate long-term protection against tetanus infections
- Two intramuscular DOSEs of tetanus toxoid provided long-term, if not lifelong, protection against tetanus for rhesus monkeys living in a tropical clime where tetanus is enzootic and the risk of infection is great.
3158. Frequency of apnea, bradycardia, and desaturations following first diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-inactivated polio-Haemophilus influenzae type B immunization in hospitalized preterm infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- There is an increase in adverse cardiorespiratory events following the first DOSE of DTP-IPV-Hib in preterm infants
3159. Significant improvement of specific bronchial hyperreactivity in asthmatic children after 4 months of treatment with a modified extract of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Efficacy was evaluated using allergen-specific bronchial challenge tests, DOSE-response skin-prick tests, and symptom and medication scores
- The results of the bronchial challenges and DOSE-response skin-prick tests were compared at baseline and after 4 months of treatment
- The build up phase consisted of 4 injections in 2 days, followed by 4 injections of the maintenance DOSE
3160. Phase II trial of intravesical gemcitabine in bacille Calmette-Guérin-refractory transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Eligible patients received two courses of intravesical gemcitabine twice weekly at a DOSE of 2,000 mg/100 mL for 3 consecutive weeks, with each course separated by 1 week of rest
3161. [Efficacy of a single dose of a vaccine (SA14-14-2) against Japanese encephalitis].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3162. Rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three oral DOSEs of rotavirus vaccine had a protective efficacy against G1-G4 rotavirus gastroenteritis of any severity of 74%, and a protective efficacy against severe G1-G4 rotavirus gastroenteritis of 98%, in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter REST (Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial) study; the per-protocol efficacy analysis included >4500 infants
- Rotavirus vaccine did not increase the risk of intussusception within 42 days of any DOSE, according to an analysis of the REST trial including almost 70,000 infants
3163. A 24-year review on the epidemiology and control of measles in Singapore, 1981-2004.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- With the implementation of the two-DOSE measles vaccination schedule, the annual number of laboratory confirmed cases of measles to date has been less than 150
3164. Anthrax vaccination and risk of optic neuritis in the United States military, 1998-2003.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Furthermore, no difference in optic neuritis risk was detected when comparing those who received no DOSE, 1 DOSE, and 2 DOSEs of anthrax vaccine
3165. Evaluation of efficacy expectations for novel and non-chemical helminth control strategies in ruminants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Although the efficacy of novel parasite control methods may be demonstrated in classic DOSE-confirmation studies, the impact on livestock production parameters can only be evaluated when tested on-farm
3166. Effect of community-wide conjugate pneumococcal vaccine use in infancy on nasopharyngeal carriage through 3 years of age: a cross-sectional study in a high-risk population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Infants enrolled between 6 weeks and 7 months of age received 3 DOSEs of vaccine 2 months apart and a fourth DOSE at 12-15 months of age
- The median age was 3.3 years (range, 1-7 years), and the median time since last DOSE of study vaccine was 27 months (range, 12-48 months)
3167. A pilot study of the liposomal MUC1 vaccine BLP25 in prostate specific antigen failures after radical prostatectomy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Patients received a single intravenous DOSE of cyclophosphamide, followed by vaccinations with BLP25 liposome vaccine for up to 1 year
3168. One dose of varicella vaccine does not prevent school outbreaks: is it time for a second dose?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We investigated this outbreak to examine transmission patterns of varicella in this highly vaccinated population, to estimate the effectiveness of 1 DOSE of varicella vaccine, to identify risk factors for vaccine failure, and to implement outbreak control measures
- This investigation highlights several challenges related to the prevention and control of varicella outbreaks with the 1-DOSE varicella vaccination program and the need for further prevention of varicella through improved vaccine-induced immunity with a routine 2-DOSE vaccination program
- The challenges include: 1-DOSE varicella vaccination not providing sufficient herd immunity levels to prevent outbreaks in school settings where exposure can be intense, the effective transmission of varicella among vaccinated children, and the difficulty in the diagnosis of mild cases in vaccinated persons and early recognition of outbreaks for implementing control measures
- The efficacy of 2 DOSEs of varicella vaccine compared with 1 DOSE was assessed in a trial conducted among healthy children who were followed for 10 years
- The efficacy for 2 DOSEs was significantly higher than for 1 DOSE of varicella vaccine
- This higher efficacy translated into a 3.3-fold lower risk of developing varicella >42 days after vaccination in 2- vs 1-DOSE recipients
- Of the children receiving 2 DOSEs, 99% achieved a glycoprotein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay level of > or =5 units (considered a correlate of protection) 6 weeks after vaccination compared with 86% of children who received 1 DOSE
- As a step toward better control of varicella outbreaks and to reduce the impact on schools and public health officials, in June 2005, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended the use of a second DOSE of varicella vaccine in outbreak settings
- Early recognition of outbreaks is important to effectively implement a 2-DOSE vaccination response and to prevent more cases
- Although the current recommendation of providing a second DOSE of varicella vaccine during an outbreak offers a tool for controlling outbreaks, a routine 2-DOSE recommendation would be more effective at preventing cases
- Based on published data on immunogenicity and efficacy of 2 DOSEs of varicella vaccine, routine 2-DOSE vaccination will provide improved protection against disease and further reduce morbidity and mortality from varicella.
3169. Immunologic and clinical responses after vaccinations with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells in metastatic renal cancer patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After five dendritic cell injections, patients additionally received three injections weekly of low-DOSE interleukin-2 (1 million IE/m(2))
3170. Development of a head-out plethysmograph system for non-human primates in an Animal Biosafety Level 3 facility.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The system enabled an acquisition and analysis of ventilatory characteristics, facilitating accurate estimations of the inhaled DOSE
3171. Poor responses to recombinant HBV vaccination in patients with HIV infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The second objective was to identify differences in CD4 and CD8 T cell numbers/kinetics/functions and levels of TH2 cytokines (IL4 and IL10) in different groups during the three-DOSE vaccination regimen
- Patients received 40 micro and controls received 20 micro of recombinant HBV vaccine in each DOSE
- All subjects received 3 DOSEs of the vaccine
- Despite a double DOSE of vaccine in patients, the antibody response was significantly lower which correlated with a lower CD4 count
3172. Cost effectiveness of adding 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate (PCV-7) vaccine to the Norwegian childhood vaccination program.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When indirect costs were disregarded, and four vaccine DOSEs used, the incremental cost per life year gained was euro153,000 when herd immunity was included, and euro311,000 when it was not
- Assuming that three vaccine DOSEs provide the same protection as four, the cost per life year gained with this regimen was euro90,000 with herd immunity and euro184,000 without (when indirect costs are disregarded)
- This implies that four DOSE vaccination is not cost-effective even if decision makers includes both herd immunity and indirect costs in their decisions
- If three DOSEs offer the same protection as four DOSEs, however, vaccination would be cost-saving when indirect costs are included, but not with only herd immunity
3173. The use of combination vaccines has improved timeliness of vaccination in children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We assessed up-to-date vaccination as the percentage of children vaccinated by 3, 5 and 15 months for the first DOSE, full primary series and full immunization, respectively
- We also compared median age at first DOSE, full priming and full immunization for children receiving different types of combination vaccines
- Median age at immunization improved by 0.5 month for Hib, 0.4 month for polio and 0.9 month for HBV at the first DOSE and 2.2 months for Hib, 3.2 months for polio and 1.4 months for HBV at full immunization when comparing hexavalent with monovalent vaccines
3174. [Mumps--still actual epidemiological problem in Poland].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Countries that have achieved high coverage have shown rapid decline in mumps morbidity (for a one-DOSE schedule > or = 80%, for two-DOSE schedule > or = 97%)
3175. A combination of E. coli DNA fragments and modified lipopolysaccharides as a cancer immunotherapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An intraperitoneal injection of CIA07 at a DOSE of 25mg/kg body weight caused no apparent adverse effects in mice and guinea pigs
3176. HIV-1 DNA/MVA vaccination reduces the per exposure probability of infection during repeated mucosal SHIV challenges.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An alternative approach, more analogous to human sexual exposures, is to repetitively challenge immunized monkeys with a much lower DOSE of virus until systemic infection is documented
3177. Antitumor therapeutic effects of e7 subunit and DNA vaccines in an animal cervical cancer model: antitumor efficacy of e7 therapeutic vaccines is dependent on tumor sizes, vaccine doses, and vaccine delivery routes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study, we investigated their ability to control established tumors according to tumor size, vaccine DOSEs, and vaccine delivery routes
- However, E7 subunit vaccines induced a higher level of antitumor therapeutic activities at the tested DOSE compared to DNA vaccines
- In vaccine DOSE titration assays, 50 and 100 microg of DNA vaccines exhibited an equivalent antitumor efficacy to 0.5 and 1 microg of E7 subunit vaccines, respectively, i.e., a 100-fold difference in E7 dosage, suggesting the importance of vaccine DOSEs for achieving antitumor immunity
- Thus, these data suggest that antitumor therapeutic efficacy of E7 therapeutic vaccines is determined by vaccine DOSEs, vaccine delivery routes, and tumor sizes, and that these vaccines could be another addition to conventional therapy modalities against cervical cancer.
3178. Attenuation and persistence of and ability to induce protective immunity to a Staphylococcus aureus aroA mutant in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The mutant exhibited a 50% lethal DOSE (1 x 10(6) CFU/mouse) higher than that of the parental strain (4.3 x 10(4) CFU/mouse)
3179. Efficacy of strain RB51 vaccine in heifers against experimental brucellosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- With the goal of providing an additional tool for controlling bovine brucellosis in Brazil and evaluating the full calf DOSE in adult cattle, the efficacy of the rough Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine was tested in heifers
3180. Immunization coverage and risk factors for failure to immunize within the Expanded Programme on Immunization in Kenya after introduction of new Haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis b virus antigens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunization coverage for three DTP and pentavalent DOSEs was 100% before and 91% after pentavalent vaccine introduction, respectively
- By SRS survey, coverage was 88% for three pentavalent DOSEs
- The median age at first, second and third vaccine DOSE was 8, 13 and 18 weeks
- Vaccine coverage was high before and after introduction of pentavalent vaccine, but most DOSEs were given late
3181. Length of the linker and the interval between immunizations influences the efficacy of Vibrio cholerae O1, Ogawa hexasaccharide neoglycoconjugates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A nonprotective, priming DOSE of purified Ogawa LPS followed 5 days later with a booster of the Ogawa neoglycoconjugates (di-, tetra-, or hexasaccharide) resulted in vibriocidal antibodies at day 10.
3182. Cost effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination at HIV counseling and testing sites.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A decision model was developed to determine the economic and clinical consequences, from a societal perspective, of the following strategies in two hypothetical cohorts of 100,000 adults attending each type of site: (1) routine vaccination without screening, (2) screening for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen with an initial vaccine DOSE during the first visit, (3) screening and vaccination based on screening results, and (4) no intervention
3183. A case-control study of protection against tuberculosis by BCG revaccination in Recife, Brazil.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To estimate the additional protection against tuberculosis (TB) provided by a second DOSE of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine
- This study suggests that a second DOSE of BCG does not offer additional protection
3184. Immunization with a tetraepitopic lipid core peptide vaccine construct induces broadly protective immune responses against group A streptococcus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Systemic challenge of mice with a lethal DOSE of GAS given 60 or 300 days after primary immunization showed that, compared with the control mice, the vaccinated mice were significantly protected against GAS infection, demonstrating that the vaccination stimulated long-lasting protective immunity
3185. Protection of Rhesus monkeys against dengue virus challenge after tetravalent live attenuated dengue virus vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Interference among the 4 vaccine viruses may have resulted in decreased antibody responses to DENV-3 and -4, which would require reformulation or DOSE optimization to minimize this interference during testing of the vaccine in humans.
3186. Effects of extra immunization efforts on routine immunization at district level in Pakistan.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Linear regression analysis was made on data from 107 districts to estimate the effects of extra immunization efforts in the national neonatal tetanus programme on the coverage rate of the third DOSE of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT3) after controlling for other potential confounding factors
3187. Acid suppression therapy: where do we go from here?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- a full effect from the first DOSE) is appealing, the results of phase II studies with one such agent (namely AZD0865) did not show any advantages over esomeprazole
3188. Active influenza immunization in hemodialysis patients: comparison between single-dose and booster vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The HD patients were divided into two groups: single-DOSE group (50 patients) and booster group (50 patients)
- There was no effect of a booster vaccine DOSE on the antibody titers.
3189. A vaccine against the salmonid pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis based on recombinant proteins.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3190. The immunogenicity and efficacy against H5N1 challenge of reverse genetics-derived H5N3 influenza vaccine in ducks and chickens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One or two DOSEs of inactivated oil emulsion vaccine containing 0.015 to 1.2 microg of HA protein provide highly efficacious protection against lethal H5N1 challenge in ducks; only the two DOSE regimen has so far been tested in chickens with high protective efficacy.
3191. Immune protection of nonhuman primates against Ebola virus with single low-dose adenovirus vectors encoding modified GPs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The minimal effective rAd DOSE was established at 10(10) particles, two logs lower than that used previously
- Elimination of NP from the vaccine and DOSE reductions to 10(10) rAd particles do not diminish protection and simplify the vaccine, providing the basis for selection of a human vaccine candidate.
3192. Effects of modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccines containing either type 1 or types 1 and 2 BVDV on heifers and their offspring after challenge with noncytopathic type 2 BVDV during gestation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After inoculation with a placebo vaccine, 1 or 2 DOSEs of an MLV vaccine containing type 1 BVDV, or 1 DOSE of an MLV vaccine containing both types 1 and 2 BVDV, heifers were bred naturally and challenge exposed with a type 2 BVDV field isolate between 62 and 104 days of gestation
- Persistent infection was detected in 18 of 19 calves from heifers in the control group and in 6 of 18 calves and 7 of 19 calves from heifers that received 1 or 2 DOSEs of the type 1 BVDV vaccine, respectively
- Results suggest that the incidence of persistent BVDV infection among offspring from dams inoculated with 1 DOSE of the MLV vaccine containing types 1 and 2 BVDV was decreased, compared with 1 or 2 DOSEs of the MLV vaccine containing only type 1 BVDV.
3193. Haemophilus influenzae type b and pertussis vaccinations in preterm infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of the 61 children, 17 were additionally immunized with a booster DOSE of these vaccines
- A significant increase (p<0.0002) in protective antibody titers after the booster DOSE of Hiberix compared with the primary vaccination was also noted
- pertussis antibodies after the primary vaccination or booster DOSE were found
- After the booster DOSE, all the preterm infants responded with the production of protective postvaccinal antibody titers against Hib and B
- a second booster DOSE) of Polish children with acellular pertussis (DTPa) vaccine is necessary to protect them from decreasing protective anti-pertussis antibody titers in early childhood.
3194. Postexposure protection against Marburg haemorrhagic fever with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vectors in non-human primates: an efficacy assessment.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We administered rVSV vectors expressing the MARV Musoke strain glycoprotein to five macaques 20-30 min after a high-DOSE lethal injection of homologous MARV
- All five rhesus monkeys that were treated with the rVSV MARV vectors as a postexposure treatment survived a high-DOSE lethal challenge of MARV for at least 80 days
3195. A measles virus vaccine strain derivative as a novel oncolytic agent against breast cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Intravenous administration of MV-CEA at a total DOSE of 1.2 x 10(7) TCID50 resulted in statistically significant tumor growth delay ( p=0.005) and prolongation of survival ( p=0.001)
- Monitoring marker peptide levels in the serum could serve as a low-risk method of detecting viral gene expression during treatment and could allow DOSE optimization and individualization of treatment
3196. HIV pathogenesis and vaccine development.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two studies documented that immunization with polyvalent simian immunodeficiency virus vaccines can induce sustained control of viremia following repeated low-DOSE mucosal challenge with pathogenic SIVmac strains and provided hope for the potential of T-cell-based vaccines to slow disease progression.
3197. Evaluation of prime/boost regimens using recombinant poxvirus/tyrosinase vaccines for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Heterologous prime/boost vaccination with recombinant vaccinia and fowlpox vectors encoding tyrosinase was first explored in a randomized three-arm phase II trial, in which vaccines were administered alone or concurrently with low-DOSE or high-DOSE IL-2
- In a subsequent single cohort phase II trial, all patients received the same vaccines and high-DOSE IL-2 sequentially rather than concurrently
- Among a total of 64 patients treated on these trials, 8 objective partial responses (12.5%) were observed, all in patients receiving high-DOSE IL-2
3198. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a modified therapeutic vaccine of Salsola kali (Russian thistle) administered through use of a cluster schedule.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE-response skin tests were performed at baseline and at the end of the trial
3199. Measles immunity and immunisation status in Australian children 1 to 4 years of age.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3200. DNA vaccines expressing the duck hepatitis B virus surface proteins lead to reduced numbers of infected hepatocytes and protect ducks against the development of chronic infection in a virus dose-dependent manner.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In conclusion, vaccination of young ducks with DNA vaccines expressing the DHBV pre-S/S and S proteins induced rapid immune responses that reduced the extent of initial DHBV infection in the liver and prevented the development of chronic infection in a virus DOSE-dependent manner.
3201. Effects of the potency and composition of the multivalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine on efficacy, safety and immunogenicity in healthy infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After the third DOSE, the percentage of infants with >or=3-fold rise in baseline serum neutralizing antibody titers against G1 ranged from 62% to 86% for recipients of the pentavalent vaccine, depending on the potency
- A 7-month-old male developed intussusception 9 days after the first DOSE of the low-potency pentavalent vaccine
- Based on the results of this trial, a pentavalent composition (G1, G2, G3, G4, and P1A) of human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine with a potency similar to that of the middle-potency pentavalent vaccine ( approximately 8 x 10(6) plaque-forming units/DOSE) was selected for further development.
3202. Efficacy of vaccination with a combination of Leishmania amastigote antigens and the lipid A-analogue ONO-4007 for immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy against Leishmania amazonensis infection in a murine model of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- amazonensis promastigotes (immunotherapy study) or before challenge with the same infectious DOSE (immunoprophylaxis study)
3203. [A five-year observation on efficacy of revaccination in children of non-response to hepatitis B vaccine].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the long-term efficacy of revaccination in non-responder children to primary hepatitis B (HB) vaccination and to compare the efficacy of low-DOSE intradermal inoculation to that of routine-DOSE intramuscular inoculation
- 40 healthy non-responder children to primary HB vaccination identified by screening were given a three-DOSE revaccination randomly by intramuscular (n = 17, 10 microg per DOSE) or intradermal route (n = 23, 2 microg per DOSE) since September, 1999, and their blood specimens were collected regularly for testing for HB virus markers up to five years
- By the end of five-year follow-up, HBsAg-specific lymphocyte response was investigated in vitro, and a booster DOSE (5 microg) was given to those with negative conversion of anti-HBs and their anamnestic responses were evaluated 12-14 days later
- Following the booster DOSE, a robust anamnestic response was developed in all of 8 intramuscular revaccinees and 11 controls but 16 of 18 intradermal revaccinees, who lost anti-HBs of > or = 10 IU/L over time, and geometric mean titers of anti-HBs climbed to 208, 105, and 549 IU/L, respectively
- Three-DOSE intramuscular revaccination did play an important immune protection for non-responder children to primary HB vaccination, but its efficacy could not reach the level of primary vaccination in responders
- Low-DOSE intradermal inoculation was not as effective as route-DOSE intramuscular inoculation with the same DOSEs in revaccination for non-responder children to primary HB vaccination.
3204. A phase 1 study of 4 live, recombinant human cytomegalovirus Towne/Toledo chimeric vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Participants received a single DOSE of vaccine or placebo, and the safety and tolerability of the vaccine candidates were evaluated
3205. Radical cystectomy after bacillus Calmette-Guérin for high-risk Ta, T1, and carcinoma in situ: defining the risk of initial bladder preservation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The risk of progression to muscle invasion for those who underwent cystectomy less than or more than 1 year from the time of their first BCG DOSE was 59% and 36%, respectively (P = 0.05)
3206. Combined action of virus injection and local tumor irradiation on tumor growth in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3207. Effect of BCG vaccination on childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis worldwide: a meta-analysis and assessment of cost-effectiveness.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At US2-3 dollars per DOSE, BCG vaccination costs US206 dollars (150-272) per year of healthy life gained
3208. Efficacy of repeated high-dose hepatitis B vaccine (80 microg) in patients with chronic liver disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-DOSE (80 microg) IM HBV vaccination in patients with CLD who had previously failed to respond to a standard three-DOSE schedule of 40 microg IM vaccine given monthly
- A retrospective review was undertaken at our institution of 79 patients with CLD who were treated with high-DOSE (80 microg) HBV vaccinations
- All had previously failed a three-DOSE course of 40 microg HBV vaccine
- Liver enzymes, creatinine, age, prothrombin time, total vaccine DOSE, and MELD score were recorded
- Seventy-two per cent (57/79) of the subjects had an adequate response after receiving a mean total DOSE of 220 mug vaccine (range 80-800 microg)
- Twenty-eight per cent (22/79) of the subjects did not respond after receiving a mean total DOSE of 420 microg vaccine (range 240-720 microg)
- Repeated high-DOSE (80 microg) HBV vaccination, in patients who do not respond to standard HBV vaccine DOSEs, is safe and effective in the majority of patients with CLD.
3209. Safety and efficacy of the oral rabies vaccine SAG2 in raccoon dogs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Safety of SAG2 was demonstrated after direct instillation (n = 5) or ingestion of a bait (n = 5) using a quantity of virus at least 10 times superior to the field DOSE
3210. Re: Has a 3-fold decreased dose of bacillus Calmette-Guerin the same efficacy against recurrences and progression of T1G3 and Tis bladder tumors than the standard dose? Results of a prospective randomized trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3211. The influence of marginal zinc deficient diet on post-vaccination immune response against hepatitis B in rats.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix B, 4mug) was administered intramuscularly after 8 weeks on feeding and a booster DOSE was applied 4 weeks after the first injection
3212. Immunogenicity and efficacy of an in-house developed cell-culture derived veterinarian rabies vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A field vaccine trial was also conducted: 1,000 local dogs living in field conditions received one subcutaneous DOSE of the locally developed vaccine
3213. The efficacy of recombinant vaccines against white spot syndrome virus in Procambarus clarkii.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In experiment 1 crayfish were fed recombinant protein coated food pellets for 25 days, in experiment 2 the purified proteins were directly injected to them followed by one booster DOSE on 5th day and in experiment 3 the crayfish were left immersed in vaccines for 7 h
3214. Dose-related safety and immunogenicity of a trivalent baculovirus-expressed influenza-virus hemagglutinin vaccine in elderly adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a randomized, double-blind trial conducted in 399 adults > or = 65 years of age, the efficacy of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) licensed for intramuscular injection was compared with that of trivalent baculovirus-expressed HA vaccine administered at DOSEs of 15 microg, 45 microg, or 135 microg of each HA
- Compared with TIV, baculovirus-expressed HA vaccine was safe and induced better serum antibody responses to the H3 component when administered at DOSEs of 45 microg or 135 microg of each HA
3215. Vaccination with gamma-irradiated Neospora caninum tachyzoites protects mice against acute challenge with N. caninum.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE of 528 Gy of gamma irradiation was sufficient to arrest replication but not host cell penetration by tachyzoites
3216. Influence of sex, age & nontuberculous infection at intake on the efficacy of BCG: re-analysis of 15-year data from a double-blind randomized control trial in South India.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A double-blind randomized control trial was initiated in 1968, in which over 100,000 uninfected subjects with a normal radiograph were allocated to placebo, BCG in low DOSE (0.01 mg) or BCG in high DOSE (1.0 mg); two widely used strains of BCG were employed, each in one half of the vaccinated subjects
3217. Systemic immunization with an ALVAC-HIV-1/protein boost vaccine strategy protects rhesus macaques from CD4+ T-cell loss and reduces both systemic and mucosal simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIVKU2 RNA levels.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The relative efficacy was measured against a high-DOSE mucosal exposure to the pathogenic neutralization-resistant variant SHIV(KU2) (simian-human immunodeficiency virus)
3218. Immune responses in patients with HIV infection after vaccination with recombinant Hepatitis B virus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Forty HIV positive patients and 20 HIV negative controls, negative for HBsAg, HBsAbs and HBcAbs were vaccinated with three DOSEs of 40 microg and 20 microg of vaccine respectively
- Despite a double DOSE in patients, IL-4 and IL-10, which regulate antibody response, were also lower in patients, and this together with low CD4+ counts and lack of T help, accounted for low HBsAb levels
3219. Preventing tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis among adolescents: use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccines recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Prelicensure studies demonstrated safety and efficacy against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis when Tdap was administered as a single booster DOSE to adolescents
- To reduce pertussis morbidity in adolescents and maintain the standard of care for tetanus and diphtheria protection, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that: 1) adolescents aged 11-18 years should receive a single DOSE of Tdap instead of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids vaccine (Td) for booster immunization against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis if they have completed the recommended childhood diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTP)/ diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) vaccination series (five DOSEs of pediatric DTP/DTaP before the seventh birthday; if the fourth DOSE was administered on or after the fourth birthday, the fifth DOSE is not needed) and have not received Td or Tdap
- The preferred age for Tdap vaccination is 11-12 years; 2) adolescents aged 11-18 years who received Td, but not Tdap, are encouraged to receive a single DOSE of Tdap to provide protection against pertussis if they have completed the recommended childhood DTP/DTaP vaccination series
3220. Oral immunization of mice with plant-derived fimbrial adhesin FaeG induces systemic and mucosal K88ad enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-specific immune responses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the efficacy of the edible vaccine FaeG in mice, the soluble protein extracts were examined by about 15 microg recombinant FaeG for each oral immunization DOSE per mouse
- After four DOSEs of vaccination, both IgG and IgA antibodies specific to K88ad fimbriae were elicited in serum, and specific IgA antibodies were also evoked in feces of the immunized mice
3221. Antiviral drugs in influenza: an adjunct to vaccination in some situations.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- (12) In situations warranting antiviral therapy for the prevention of influenza, oseltamivir, at a DOSE of 75 mg/day for 10 days, is the drug with the best risk-benefit balance
3222. [Investigation of serum IgG subclass distributions and anti-HBs response in healthy adults after hepatitis B vaccination].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Serum samples were collected one month after the third DOSE vaccination, and anti-HBs were found negative (<10 IU/ml) in 8 subjects (21%), low positive (10-100 IU/ml) in 14 subjects (37%), and high positive (>100 IU/ml) in 16 subjects (42%)
3223. Antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine in end-stage renal disease patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE efficacy was further evaluated by comparing three historical cohorts vaccinated by the regimens of 20, 40 and 80 microg/DOSE, respectively
- Older age, diabetes mellitus, obesity and low Engerix-B DOSE were risk factors of inadequate anti-HBs response by univariate analysis
- By stepwise logistic regression analysis, hepatitis B vaccine DOSE was the only independent predictive factor of impaired antibody response
- An Engerix-B vaccine DOSE of 20 microg was associated with more than tenfold increase in risk of non-response to hepatitis B vaccine (hazards ratio 32.2 (95% CI 3.85-250.0))
- Immunization with Engerix-B 80-microg DOSE is estimated to prevent one extra ESRD subject who would lose seroprotective anti-HBs level at 1 year for every 5.6 patients treated (number needed to treat to benefit, 5.6 (95% CI 5.4-5.8))
- Our results suggest the potential for the three-DOSE schedule of recombinant vaccine Engerix-B 80 microg to prolong the immune response among ESRD population.
3224. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides conjugated to protein D for prevention of acute otitis media caused by both Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typable Haemophilus influenzae: a randomised double-blind efficacy study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- From 2 weeks after the third DOSE to 24-27 months of age, 333 clinical episodes of acute otitis media were recorded in the protein D conjugate group (n=2455) and 499 in the control group (n=2452), giving a significant (33.6% [95% CI 20.8-44.3]) reduction in the overall incidence of acute otitis media
3225. Relative efficacy of different immunization schedules for the prevention of serogroup C meningococcal disease: a model-based evaluation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Results showed that the efficacy of any immunization schedule was highly influenced by the rate at which immunity waned and that the benefit of a booster DOSE increased with increasing rates of waning immunity
- Schedules including several DOSEs in early infancy provided little additional benefit over programs starting with 1 DOSE at the age of 12 months
- One-DOSE programs provided low levels of protection, unless the vaccine was administered at the age of 12 months, and a waning immunity rate of 1% per year or less was assumed
- The most effective schedule was 5 DOSEs given at age 2 months, 4 months, 1 year, 12 years, and 18 years, but was only marginally better than 2 DOSEs provided at 12 months and 12 years of age
- Existing routine immunization schedules may not be optimal and should be designed to achieve the highest level of protection using the lowest number of DOSEs.
3226. Systematic review of systemic adjuvant therapy for patients at high risk for recurrent melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For high-DOSE interferon-alpha, the results from 3 randomized trials conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group were pooled, and a meta-analysis of 2-year death rates yielded a risk ratio of 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.73-0.99; P = .03)
- Five randomized trials comparing low-DOSE interferon-alpha with observation only after surgery did not detect a statistically significant improvement in overall survival
- However, high-DOSE interferon should be considered in the treatment of these patients, because such therapy is associated with a significant improvement in disease-free survival and a reduction in 2-year mortality
3227. Intensified and protective CD4+ T cell immunity in mice with anti-dendritic cell HIV gag fusion antibody vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Current human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine approaches emphasize prime boost strategies comprising multiple DOSEs of DNA vaccine and recombinant viral vectors
- Here we characterize the CD4+ T cell immune response to HIV gag and compare efficacy with other vaccine strategies in a single DOSE
- DEC-205-targeted HIV gag p24 or p41 induces stronger CD4+ T cell immunity relative to high DOSEs of gag protein, HIV gag plasmid DNA, or recombinant adenovirus-gag
3228. Development of a cAdVax-based bivalent ebola virus vaccine that induces immune responses against both the Sudan and Zaire species of Ebola virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In addition, the cAdVax technology demonstrated induction of a 100% protective immune response in mice, as all vaccinated C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice survived challenge with a lethal DOSE of ZEBOV (30,000 times the 50% lethal DOSE)
3229. Intranasal vaccination with recombinant adeno-associated virus type 5 against human papillomavirus type 16 L1.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of rAAV5 L1h administered intranasally was sufficient to induce high titers of L1-specific serum antibodies, as well as mucosal antibodies in vaginal washes
- These data clearly show the efficacy of a single-DOSE intranasal immunization against HPV16 based on the recombinant rAAV5L1h vector without the need of an adjuvant.
3230. Targeted therapy for glioblastoma multiforme neoplastic meningitis with intrathecal delivery of an oncolytic recombinant poliovirus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate efficacy, two different DOSEs of PVS-RIPO were administered intrathecally 3 days after athymic rats were inoculated intrathecally with an aggressive human glioblastoma multiforme xenograft
- A similar increase in median survival was seen in the group receiving 1.0 x 10(9) pfu PVS-RIPO (P < 0.0001); however, there was no statistically significant DOSE-response relationship (P = 0.345)
- In addition, 1 of 10 rats in lower-DOSE PVS-RIPO-treated group and 3 of 10 rats in higher-DOSE PVS-RIPO-treated group survived >60 days after tumor cell inoculation and had no evidence of residual tumor at autopsy
3231. Priming but not boosting with plasmid DNA encoding mycolyl-transferase Ag85A from Mycobacterium tuberculosis increases the survival time of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccinated mice against low dose intravenous challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mice were monitored for cachexia and survival following a low DOSE intravenous challenge with M
3232. [Recent progress in the treatment for urothelial cancer].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For higher efficacy and lower adverse effect, maintenance instillation and low-DOSE therapy are proposed, respectively, but further investigation is needed
3233. Laboratory investigation of immune responses to acellular pertussis vaccines when used for boosting adolescents after primary immunisation with whole cell pertussis vaccines: a comparison with data from clinical study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the present study, the effect on the booster response to pertussis in adolescents primed in infancy with whole cell pertussis vaccine, of three low DOSE acellular pertussis/diphtheria/tetanus toxoid (TdPa) formulations with or without inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) components, was investigated
3234. Plasmid-mediated growth hormone-releasing hormone efficacy in reducing disease associated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- hyo-induced pneumonia and that a single DOSE of GHRH-expressing plasmid was sufficient to elicit an improved clinical outcome in this disease challenge model.
3235. Safety and immunogenicity of varicella-zoster virus vaccine in pediatric liver and intestine transplant recipients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Pediatric liver and intestine transplant recipients without history of chickenpox received one DOSE of Varivax
3236. Safety and efficacy of nasal application of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide as a mucosal adjuvant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mice were nasally administered various DOSEs of CpG ODN weekly, a total of three times
- No inflammation or tissue damage was observed locally or systemically after nasal administration, even with a high DOSE of CpG ODN
- A high DOSE of CpG ODN induced an increase in CD8+ T cells in the nasal mucosa and B cells in the spleen
3237. Oral polio vaccine and intussusception: a data linkage study using records for vaccination and hospitalization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Six possible risk periods for intussusception, ranging from 3 days after vaccination to 41 days after vaccination, were examined, with separate analysis for each of the three OPV DOSEs and also for data on all three DOSEs combined
- The authors conclude that overall, there is no evidence for an association between OPV and intussusception, even when each DOSE is considered separately.
3238. [Varicella vaccine].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Experts are currently discussing the need for a second vaccine DOSE
3239. Combination vaccine against invasive meningococcal B and pneumococcal infections: potential epidemiological and economic impact in the Netherlands.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Depending on vaccine price, cost effectiveness varied from euro 3160 (vaccine price per DOSE euro 20) to euro 32,170 (vaccine price euro 60 per DOSE) per QALY
3240. Acute granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by intravesical BCG.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3241. Nonclinical toxicology study of recombinant-plasmid DNA anti-rabies vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The test compounds were DNA rabies vaccine [DRV (100 microg)] and combination rabies vaccine (CRV (100 microg DRV and 1/50 DOSE of cell culture vaccine)), intended for clinical use by intramuscular route on 1, 7, 14 and 28 day
- As per the regular mandatory requirements, the study has been designed to undertake acute (single DOSE--10 days), sub-chronic (repeat DOSE--28 days) and chronic (intended clinical DOSE--120 days) toxicity tests using three DOSE levels viz
- therapeutic, average (2 x therapeutic DOSE) and highest DOSE (10 x therapeutic DOSE) exposure in Swiss Albino mice
- There were no observational adverse effects even at levels of 10x therapeutic DOSE administration of DRV and CRV
3242. Development of a recombinant fowlpox virus vector-based vaccine of H5N1 subtype avian influenza.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The immune efficacy, safety, the minimum immunising DOSE, the time of immunity induced and the immune duration of the vector-based vaccine was evaluated in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens
3243. Effect of hepatitis B immunisation in newborn infants of mothers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen: systematic review and meta-analysis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- No significant difference in hepatitis B occurrence was found between recombinant vaccine and plasma derived vaccine (1.00, 0.71 to 1.42; four trials) and between high DOSE versus low DOSE vaccine (plasma derived vaccine 0.97, 0.55 to 1.68, three trials; recombinant vaccine 0.78, 0.31 to 1.94, one trial)
3244. Protection of mice and poultry from lethal H5N1 avian influenza virus through adenovirus-based immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- BALB/c mice were immunized with a prime-boost vaccine and exposed to a lethal intranasal DOSE of VN/1203/04 H5N1 virus 70 days later
3245. Evaluation of immunogenicity and reactogenicity of recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine produced in India.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One month after the administration of the third DOSE of recombinant vaccine 296/307 (96.5%) subjects achieved seroprotective levels of anti-HBs
- The geometric mean anti-HBs titers achieved after one month of the third DOSE was 2 560.0 mIU/mL
- This vaccine (Enivac-HB) is safe and efficacious, providing significant protection after the third DOSE and rapid hepatitis B immunization schedule of 0, 1, and 2 mo can be recommended whenever rapid protection is the goal.
3246. Human monoclonal anti-protective antigen antibody completely protects rabbits and is synergistic with ciprofloxacin in protecting mice and guinea pigs against inhalation anthrax.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When Swiss-Webster mice, challenged with five 50% lethal DOSEs (LD50s) of anthrax spores, were given a single 16.7-mg/kg of body weight AVP-21D9 antibody DOSE combined with ciprofloxacin (30 mg/kg/day for 6 days) 24 h after challenge, 100% of the mice were protected for more than 30 days, while ciprofloxacin or AVP-21D9 alone showed minimal protection
- Similarly, when AVP-21D9 antibody (10 to 50 mg/kg) was combined with a low, nonprotective DOSE of ciprofloxacin (3.7 mg/kg/day) and administered to guinea pigs for 6 days, synergistic protection against anthrax was observed
- In contrast, a single DOSE of AVP-21D9 antibody (1, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) but not 0.2 mg/kg alone completely protected rabbits against challenge with 100 LD50s of B
3247. Safety and immunogenicity of an oral inactivated whole-cell pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine administered to healthy human subjects.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thirty subjects received an oral DOSE of Pseudostat in two timed, measured DOSEs with serological follow-up to 56 days postvaccination
- The mean pooled lipopolysaccharide antigen-specific IgA showed the most significant and constant increases in titer postDOSE, with a similar increase in titer for whole-cell P
- aeruginosa was also demonstrated (82% on day 14 postDOSE) in the presence of the postvaccination sera
- We conclude that Pseudostat is safe and immunogenic in humans at this DOSE and that further studies to determine the appropriate dosage and efficacy are needed
3248. Vaccination with a preparation based on recombinant cysteine peptidases and canine IL-12 does not protect dogs from infection with Leishmania infantum.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- More plausible explanations are the DOSE and timing of the IL-12 application and the potentially different effects IL-12 induces as an adjuvant in either the murine or the canine leishmaniosis model.
3249. Assessment of delay in age-appropriate vaccination using survival analysis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- By age 19 months, 43% of children (95% confidence interval (CI): 40, 46) were vaccinated with the fourth DOSE of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP4)
- By age 7 months, 33% of children (95% CI: 27, 40) were vaccinated with the third DOSE of hepatitis B
- Compared with firstborn children, third children were more likely to be delayed for DTP4 (relative risk (RR) = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.62), measles-containing vaccine (RR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.78), and the third DOSE of hepatitis B (RR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.67)
3250. The anti-tumor efficacy of a GM-CSF-secreting tumor cell vaccine is not inhibited by docetaxel administration.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE levels of docetaxel and the B16.GM vaccine known to be ineffective when used as single agents were selected
3251. From genome to vaccines for leishmaniasis: screening 100 novel vaccine candidates against murine Leishmania major infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One hundred randomly selected amastigote-expressed genes were screened as DNA vaccines, and efficacy determined following high-DOSE L
3252. Cutaneous melanoma: available therapy for metastatic disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunological approaches have yielded the only newly US-FDA-approved agent for metastatic disease in 30 years, high-DOSE bolus IL-2, based on durable responses in some patients with metastatic melanoma, but with associated high toxicity rate and cost
3253. Hepatitis B vaccination in heart transplant candidates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single-center retrospective chart review was completed for patients who successfully completed the 3-DOSE HBV vaccine series and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) post-vaccination titer
3254. Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We studied healthy infants approximately 6 to 12 weeks old who were randomly assigned to receive three oral DOSEs of live pentavalent human-bovine (WC3 strain) reassortant rotavirus vaccine containing human serotypes G1, G2, G3, G4, and P[8] or placebo at 4-to-10-week intervals in a blinded fashion
- Intussusception occurred in 12 vaccine recipients and 15 placebo recipients within one year after the first DOSE including six vaccine recipients and five placebo recipients within 42 days after any DOSE (relative risk, 1.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 6.4)
- The vaccine reduced hospitalizations and emergency department visits related to G1-G4 rotavirus gastroenteritis occurring 14 or more days after the third DOSE by 94.5 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 91.2 to 96.6 percent)
3255. Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We studied 63,225 healthy infants from 11 Latin American countries and Finland who received two oral DOSEs of either the HRV vaccine (31,673 infants) or placebo (31,552 infants) at approximately two months and four months of age
- During the 31-day window after each DOSE, six vaccine recipients and seven placebo recipients had definite intussusception (difference in risk, -0.32 per 10,000 infants; 95 percent confidence interval, -2.91 to 2.18; P=0.78)
- Two oral DOSEs of the live attenuated G1P[8] HRV vaccine were highly efficacious in protecting infants against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, significantly reduced the rate of severe gastroenteritis from any cause, and were not associated with an increased risk of intussusception
3256. Measles transmission and vaccine effectiveness during a large outbreak on a densely populated island: implications for vaccination policy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In 2003, the RMI experienced the largest measles outbreak within the United States or its associated areas for more than a decade, although the reported coverage of 1-DOSE measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine was 80%-93%
- MMR vaccine effectiveness was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67%-98%) for 1 DOSE and 95% (95% CI, 82%-98%) for 2 DOSEs
- This may require excellent implementation of a routine 2-DOSE measles vaccination strategy.
3257. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in monkeys of purified inactivated Vero-cell SARS vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Additionally, three groups of rhesus monkeys were immunized with different DOSEs of the purified inactivated SARS vaccine (0.5, 1 and 2mug/time/monkey) on days 0 and 7, and the monkeys were challenged with SARS-CoV GZ-01 strain
- In this preliminary animal trial, no side effects were detected when monkeys were immunized with purified SARS vaccine either at normal or large DOSEs
3258. Measles seroepidemiology in 3 cities in Turkey.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The number of DOSEs of measles vaccine (p=0.001) and measles infection history (p=0.003) were found as a factor increasing the seropositivity ratio
- Based on the findings, measles infection still has a high incidence in Turkey and the second DOSE of measles vaccine is extremely important in the prevention of measles transmission among school children and the community
3259. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of acaricides against ticks (Ixodidae) on ruminants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Information is provided on the selection of animals, DOSE determination, DOSE confirmation and field studies, record keeping and result interpretation
- The use of pen facilities is advocated for DOSE determination and confirmation studies for defining therapeutic and persistent efficacy
- A minimum of two studies per tick species for which claims are sought is recommended for each DOSE determination and DOSE confirmation investigation
- If DOSE confirmation studies demonstrate greater than 95% efficacy the sponsor may proceed to field studies, where a minimum of two studies per geographical location is preferred to confirm the therapeutic and persistent efficacy under field conditions
- If DOSE confirmation studies demonstrate less than 95% efficacy then longer-term field studies can be conducted over two tick seasons with a minimum of two studies per geographical location
3260. When science is not enough - a risk/benefit profile of thiomersal-containing vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Without a preservative, such as thiomersal (known as thimerosal in the US), multi-DOSE liquid presentations of vaccine are vulnerable to bacteriological contamination that can result in death or serious illness of the recipient
- Ironically, these data have become largely irrelevant in wealthy countries, where mono-DOSE, thiomersal-free vaccines have been introduced as a precautionary measure in almost all childhood vaccines, in part related to residual public scepticism
- In poor countries, multi-DOSE vials remain important for vaccine delivery
3261. New World monkey Aotus nancymae as a model for Campylobacter jejuni infection and immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three groups of six monkeys (Aotus nancymae) each were inoculated intragastrically with increasing DOSEs of Campylobacter jejuni
- Infection resulted in fecal colonization (100% of monkeys), DOSE-related diarrhea, and robust immune responses
3262. Quick generation of fully mature dendritic cells from monocytes with OK432, low-dose prostanoid, and interferon-alpha as potent immune enhancers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Novel mature DCs that can be generated from monocytes within 3 days by using a combination of OK432 (Streptococcus pyogenes preparation), low-DOSE prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interferon-alpha (OPA-DCs) were developed
3263. Deletion of gene A41L enhances vaccinia virus immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Here, it is shown that, at low DOSEs, VACV strain Western Reserve (WR) lacking A41L (vDeltaA41L) was slightly more virulent than wild-type and revertant controls after intranasal infection of BALB/c mice
- Lastly, immunization with VACV MVA lacking A41L provided better protection than control viruses to subsequent challenge with a 300 LD(50) DOSE of VACV WR
3264. Chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine protects against Zaire Ebola virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Complete protection to Zaire Ebola virus was also observed in Guinea pigs vaccinated with a relatively low DOSE of AdC7 (5 x 10(9)/kg)
3265. Antiviral treatment is more effective than smallpox vaccination upon lethal monkeypox virus infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In contrast, when monkeys were vaccinated 24 h after MPXV infection, using a standard human DOSE of a currently recommended smallpox vaccine (Elstree-RIVM), no significant reduction in mortality was observed
3266. Evaluation of a recombinant human adenovirus-5 vaccine administered via needle-free device and intramuscular injection for vaccination of pigs against swine influenza virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody response was elicited in a DOSE-dependent manner
- Likewise, traditional IM administration was superior at reducing nasal virus shedding except at the highest DOSE, at which both methods blocked virus replication
- The severity of lung lesions was reduced in a DOSE-dependent manner by both vaccination methods
- The human adenovirus-5 vaccine at high DOSEs prevented nasal virus shedding after challenge exposure with both methods of administration
3267. [Comparative study on the protective effect of two immunization schemes using a hepatitis B recombinant vaccine in vulnerable health science students].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Demonstrate the protective effect of hepatitis B in vaccine vulnerable health sciences students, under 30 years with three schemes the vaccination, two of them are conventional three DOSEs and another one with two DOSEs
- An equivalent protective effect for hepatitis B was reached through three different vaccination schemes: conventional three DOSE scheme (month 0, 1, 6); two DOSE brief scheme (month 0, 1); and three DOSE brief scheme (month 0, 1, 2)
- A two DOSE scheme is suggested for individuals under 30 years, which would imply a higher compliance rate, lower cost, and a similar protection benefit.
3268. Tick prevention in a population living in a highly endemic area.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At the time of the initial DOSE, information and enrollment to this cohort study was carried out
3269. A randomized, blinded, parallel group, placebo controlled pilot study evaluating the effect of PVAC treatment in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3270. Chemotherapy, IL-12 gene therapy and combined adjuvant therapy of HPV 16-associated MHC class I-proficient and -deficient tumours.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It was found that peritumoral administration of IL-12-producing tumour cell vaccines (single DOSE, day 8 after tumour cell administration) inhibited the growth of both TC-1 (MHC class I positive) tumours and their MHC class I-deficient variants
- administration of genetically modified TC-1 (MHC class I positive) or MK16/I/IIIABC (MHC class I negative) vaccines producing IL-12 (single DOSE, day 7 after chemotherapy) or with recombinant interleukin 12 (rIL-12) in two cycles of 5 daily DOSEs (days 8-19) after chemotherapy
3271. Enhancement of intranasal vaccination in mice with deglycosylated chain A ricin by LTR72, a novel mucosal adjuvant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Intranasal (i.n.) vaccination with two suboptimal DOSEs of 8 microg of deglycosylated chain A ricin (DGCA) stimulated low anti-ricin ELISA IgG and neutralizing antibody responses and the vaccine was only marginally protective against a lethal ricin toxin aerosol challenge
- In comparison to the vaccination with DGCA alone, vaccination with DGCA in the presence of three DOSE levels of LTR72, the anti-ricin ELISA serum IgG geometric mean titer (GMT) was increased, respectively, 191-, 572-, and 51-fold for IgG; 91-, 93-, and 60-fold for IgG1; nine-, six-, and two-fold for IgG2a; zero-, two-, and zero-fold for IgA
- The three DOSE levels of the adjuvant enhanced the anti-ricin ELISA immunoglobulin GMTs in the lung lavage 4-, 14-, and 7-fold for IgG; two-, five-, and six-fold for IgG1; two-, six-, and two-fold IgG2a; and zero-, three-, and zero-fold for IgA, respectively
- Compared to GMT obtained with the aqueous vaccine (1:2), the 10% serum neutralizing antibody GMT for the three DOSE levels was enhanced 25-, 60-, and 62-fold, respectively while the 50% neutralizing antibody GMT was enhanced more than 3-, 19- and 10-fold
- Safety of administration of two DOSEs of LTR72 is indicated by the absence of histopathological changes in every organ including the lung and the CNS of the mice during the vaccination and during 57 days of the study
- In mice treated with high(er) DOSE of vaccine, histological examinations during longer observation period rather than at one time point could reveal a different pattern.
3272. Safety and immunogenicity of a nicotine conjugate vaccine in current smokers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Smokers (N = 68) were recruited for a noncessation treatment study and assigned to 1 of 3 DOSEs of the nicotine vaccine (50, 100, or 200 microg) or placebo
- Vaccine immunogenicity was DOSE-related (P < .001), with the highest DOSE eliciting antibody concentrations within the anticipated range of efficacy
- The 30-day abstinence rate was significantly different across the 4 DOSEs (P = .02), with the highest rate of abstinence occurring with 200 microg
3273. Combining cancer vaccines with chemotherapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- As such, more preclinical and clinical trials are needed to explore the synergistic effects of chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, particularly the proper DOSE and timing of chemotherapy.
3274. Treating acute otitis media post-PCV-7: judicious antibiotic therapy.
DOI.org -
SciHub -
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For persistent or recurrent AOM, guidelines recommend high-DOSE amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefdinir, cefprozil, cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, or ceftriaxone
3275. The efficacy of mouse-brain inactivated Nakayama strain Japanese encephalitis vaccine--results from 30 years experience in Taiwan.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine efficacy (VE) of completing at least two DOSEs of the JE vaccine was 96.98%
- Among 1 to 14-year-old children, the efficacy of completing 1, 2, and 3 DOSEs of immunization was 85.59%, 91.07% and 98.51%, respectively
- Furthermore, the long-term efficacy for a single DOSE vaccinated at least 25 years was 86.79%, and for 2 and 3 DOSEs it was 88.10% and 95.54%, respectively
- In contrast to previous studies that recommended at least two DOSEs of JE vaccination to acquire necessary protection, the empirical results in this study indicated that even immunization with one single DOSE provides sufficient protection to the population
- However, a single DOSE of JE vaccine might still be beneficial for some JE epidemic or endemic developing countries with limited resources for infectious disease control.
3276. Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on immunization coverage among infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After multivariate adjustment, children born after PCV entered routine use were less likely to be up-to-date at 13 months in one provider group (Group C: OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3-0.8) and were less likely to have received all vaccine DOSEs without any delay in two Groups (Group B: OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3 - 0.6; Group C: OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.4-0.7)
- Some disruptions in immunization delivery were also observed concurrent with temporary recommendations to suspend the birth DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine, preceding the introduction of PCV
- However, we did observe some disruptions in the timely delivery of other vaccines coincident with the introduction of PCV and the suspension of the birth DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine
3277. [The vaccination coverage among children aged 24 - 30 months in pediatric offices November 1999 - May 2001. The influence of socio-demographic characteristics].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Complete VC for Diphtheria/Tetanus (DT) was 74.6 % and for first DOSE measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), 82.1 %
3278. Economic evaluation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Finland.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A Markov simulation model was used to compare the cost-effectiveness of 4 DOSEs (assumed 50.5 euros per DOSE) of PCV7 with no intervention
3279. Respiratory diphtheria among highly vaccinated military trainees in Latvia: improved protection from DT compared with Td booster vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Over 85% of trainees had received > or =5 DOSEs of diphtheria toxoid
- Neither infection nor disease was associated with the number of DOSEs or interval since last DOSE
- However, the risk of disease was lower and diphtheria antitoxin levels were higher among trainees who received their last booster DOSE with higher-antigen diphtheria toxoid (DT) instead of lower-antigen Td
3280. Safety and immunogenicity of a Proteosome -trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, given nasally to healthy adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a randomized, double-blind trial participants (n = 78) were allocated to placebo or a single nasal DOSE of vaccine containing 15, 30, or 45 microg of each of the three HA antigens, or two nasal DOSEs containing 30 microg of each HA, separated by 2 weeks
- The vaccine was generally well tolerated in all DOSEs tested, and in a one or two-DOSE schedule
- A shallow vaccine reactogenicity DOSE-response was seen
- Mild to moderate headache was the most commonly reported systemic reactogenicity complaint in all treatment groups, and was the only solicited complaint to increase significantly in frequency after a second active DOSE
- A positive and statistically significant antibody response was observed, in serum and in nasal secretions, to increasing DOSE for all three antigens
3281. Protective efficacy of an oral vaccine to reduce carriage of Borrelia burgdorferi (strain N40) in mouse and tick reservoirs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Oral vaccination of mice with a single DOSE of Vaccinia expressing OspA resulted in high antibody titers to OspA, 100% protection of vaccinated mice from infection with B
3282. [Immunization of 28 months old children in Geneva, Switzerland: trend over a 6-year period, 1995-2000].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among 25,288 children (response rate, 91%) immunization coverage (three DOSEs) was 96% for diphtheria and tetanus, 94% for whooping-cough and poliomyelitis and 84% for Haemophilus influenzae
- Immunization coverage was 88% for measles (one DOSE)
3283. A mutant of Francisella tularensis strain SCHU S4 lacking the ability to express a 58-kilodalton protein is attenuated for virulence and is an effective live vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Its intradermal (i.d.) 50% lethal DOSE (LD50) for mice is <10 CFU
3284. Bladder cancer: current optimal intravesical treatment.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Side effects of BCG immunotherapy can be decreased by logarithmic reductions in DOSE
3285. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Bacillus anthracis poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid capsule covalently coupled to a protein carrier using a novel triazine-based conjugation strategy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3286. Trait positive affect and antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Five months after the first DOSE, a blood sample was collected for the measurement of specific antibody response to the vaccine and subjects completed a battery of psychosocial questionnaires
3287. Inhaled zanamivir versus rimantadine for the control of influenza in a highly vaccinated long-term care population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3288. Nasopharyngeal colonization with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae with prolonged vaccine dosing intervals.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Universal infant heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) immunization, DOSEd near to the originally recommended schedule of a 3-DOSE series in the first 6 months of life, then a booster between 12 and 15 months, should reduce nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) PCV-7 types
- The reduced availability of PCV-7 altered immunization schedules, particularly for third and fourth PCV-7 DOSEs
- We evaluated NP colonization in relation to originally recommended intervals and numbers of PCV-7 DOSEs
- PCV-7 strains comprised 7 of 15 (47%) of Spn before the first DOSE, 28 of 36 (78%) and 27 of 41 (66%), respectively, after the first and second DOSE and then 16 of 36 (44%) and 11 of 25 (44%) after the third and fourth DOSEs
- The risk of NP colonization with PCV-7 types was higher with intervals of >3 months between second and third DOSEs and intervals of >8 months between the third and fourth DOSEs
- Multivariate analysis showed prolonged interval after the second and third PCV-7 DOSEs and day-care attendance as risk factors for NP detection of PCV-7 strains
- Although PCV-7 serotypes were detected less after third and fourth PCV-7 DOSEs, longer dosing intervals, particularly in day-care attendees, were associated with higher risk of PCV-7 detection in the NP.
3289. Immunogenicity and immunologic memory of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in premature infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- infants suggest a role for a routine booster DOSE of vaccine in all infants receiving MCC, especially those born preterm.
3290. A call to restructure the drug development process: government over-regulation and non-innovative late stage (Phase III) clinical trials are major obstacles to advances in health care.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Phase III studies should be abandoned for most drugs, and substituted with properly powered Phase II DOSE-ranging studies plus careful post-marketing surveillance
3291. Immunological consequences of three doses of heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae in the immunotherapy of tuberculosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We report the first study of triple-DOSE immunotherapy with heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae (SRL 172) combined with short-course, directly observed chemotherapy in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients
- The study was carried out in Rosario, Argentina, where single-DOSE immunotherapy with M
3292. Travel-related hepatitis B: risk factors and prevention using an accelerated vaccination schedule.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Although efficacy studies of accelerated schedules for hepatitis B immunization have not been conducted, the results of immunogenicity studies in healthy volunteers who received an accelerated, 3-DOSE regimen on a 0-,7-, and 21-day schedule suggest that excellent, rapid, and long-term protection will be conferred
- More data are needed to assess the efficacy of accelerated schedules in persons aged >40 years and to determine whether a fourth DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine is needed in all age groups.
3293. How many infective viral particles are necessary for successful mass measles immunization by aerosol?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The estimated immunization DOSE for infants was 30 pfu's, for small children 50, and for older children and adolescents it was 130 and 225, respectively
3294. Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Tapering and pulsing the antibiotic DOSE after a 10-day standard course decreases the incidence of recurrences compared with abruptly stopping antibiotics after a simple 10-day course
- There is also a role for probiotics in the treatment of RCDAD; Saccharomyces boulardii has been shown to decrease recurrences by about 50%, especially when combined with high-DOSE vancomycin
3295. Induction of protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice by immunization with Toxoplasma gondii RNA.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We assessed the percentage of cumulative survival after an oral challenge with a lethal DOSE of T
- gondii cysts (40 cysts), and the number of brain cysts following a challenge with a sublethal DOSE of T
- Vaccinated mice were found to be significantly better protected than non-immunized mice after a challenge with a lethal DOSE of cysts; and a challenge with a sublethal DOSE also resulted in fewer brain cysts than in non-immunized mice
3296. Anti-HBV immune responses in rhesus macaques elicited by electroporation mediated DNA vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Several important factors were examined, including the DOSE response relationships, the effect of various prime and boost regimens, and different combinations of electro-pulse parameters
3297. Two doses of parenterally administered split influenza virus vaccine elicited high serum IgG concentrations which effectively limited viral shedding upon challenge in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We have previously found that whole influenza virus vaccine induced a more rapid and stronger humoral response, particularly after the first DOSE of vaccine, than split virus vaccine in mice
- After one DOSE of vaccine, whole virus vaccine generally resulted in less viral shedding than split virus vaccine
- In contrast, two DOSEs of split virus vaccine, particularly the highest vaccine strengths of 15 and 30 microg HA, most effectively limited viral replication and these mice had high concentrations of prechallenge influenza-specific serum IgG
3298. A mathematical model to estimate global hepatitis B disease burden and vaccination impact.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The effect of hepatitis B vaccination was calculated from vaccine efficacy and vaccination series coverage, with and without administration of the first DOSE of vaccine within 24 h of birth (i.e
- birth DOSE) to prevent perinatal HBV infection
- Routine infant hepatitis B vaccination, with 90% coverage and the first DOSE administered at birth would prevent 84% of global HBV-related deaths
3299. Design of protective and therapeutic DNA vaccines for the treatment of allergic diseases.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Furthermore, allergen-expressing DNA replicon vaccines are introduced, which enable a drastic reduction of the vaccine DOSE without loss of anti-allergic efficacy
3300. Hepatitis B virus infection in dialysis patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, the long-term efficacy of lamivudine and its optimal effective DOSE in dialysis patients remain unknown
3301. Cell-mediated protection against pulmonary Yersinia pestis infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- pestis DOSE and significantly reduced bacterial growth in pulmonary, splenic, and hepatic tissues
3302. Efficacy of intramuscular BCG polysaccharide nucleotide on mild to moderate bronchial asthma accompanied with allergic rhinitis: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Markers for the severity of asthma and rhinitis including the amount of inhaled corticosteriod, bronchodilator and oral H1 blocker-loratidine being used to obtain optimal symptomatic control, symptom scores of asthma and allergic rhinitis, peak expiratory flow (PEF), histamine provocative DOSE that produces at least a 20% change in forced expiratory volume with in 1 second (PD20-FEV1), blood IgE levels as well as dermatophagoides pteronysinus (DP) and dermatophagoides farinae (DF) skin prick test were measured every visit for 6 months
3303. Use of adenoviral vectors as veterinary vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A very important criterion for an ideal vaccine in veterinary medicine is low cost; this is especially important in developing countries and even more so for poultry vaccination, where vaccines must sell for a few cents a DOSE
3304. Serosurvey of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies in Saudi children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The unexpected low proportion of children with protective level at 6 years, despite being vaccinated with 2 measle DOSEs is an important phenomenon
- This reflects the interference between the first and the second measles DOSE
- Also, this supports the decision taken by the ministry to change the measles immunization schedule to MMR at 12 months and a second DOSE at 6 years of age.
3305. [In vitro study of the antitumor immune responses induced by anti-idiotypic minibody vaccine of ovarian cancer].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 6B11 minibody could stimulate PBMC to proliferate, the best DOSE was 20 mg/L; it performed cytotoxin function to ovarian carcinoma cell line expressing OC166-9
3306. Efficacy of an acellular pertussis vaccine among adolescents and adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Subjects received either a DOSE of a tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine or a hepatitis A vaccine (control) and were monitored for 2.5 years for illnesses with cough that lasted for more than 5 days
3307. Clinical trial designs for therapeutic cancer vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Effective development plans may take advantage of some of the following observations: DOSE ranging safety trials are not appropriate for many cancer vaccines
- DOSE ranging trials to establish an optimal biologic DOSE are often not practical
- (4) to identify an immunogenic DOSE
3308. Enhanced therapeutic effect by combination of tumor-targeting Salmonella and endostatin in murine melanoma model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, in the phase I trials of VNP20009 and endostatin at the maximum-tolerated DOSE, no antitumor effects for bacteria therapy and minor therapeutic effects for endostatin treatment were seen
3309. Antitumor activity in melanoma and anti-self responses in a phase I trial with the anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 monoclonal antibody CP-675,206.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thirty-nine patients with solid malignancies (melanoma, n = 34; renal cell, n = 4; colon, n = 1) received an intravenous (IV) infusion of CP-675,206 at seven DOSE levels
- The primary objective was to determine the maximum-tolerated DOSE and the recommended phase II DOSE
- DOSE-limiting toxicities and autoimmune phenomena included diarrhea, dermatitis, vitiligo, panhypopituitarism and hyperthyroidism
- Longer systemic exposure to CP-675,206 achieved in higher DOSE cohorts predicted for a higher probability of response
- CP-675,206 can be administered safely to humans as a single IV DOSE up to 15 mg/kg, resulting in breaking of peripheral immune tolerance to self-tissues and antitumor activity in melanoma.
3310. Could a single dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children be effective? Modeling the optimal age of vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Using incidence rates from CDC's Active Bacterial Core surveillance and immunogenicity data from the Navajo/Apache trial of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), we used Markov modeling to predict the optimal age to give a single DOSE of PCV
- A single PCV DOSE in infants could prevent substantial IPD.
3311. Immunization with recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara (rMVA) constructs encoding the HA or NP gene protects ponies from equine influenza virus challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The present study assessed the protective efficacy of these rMVA strains in ponies, examined the advantage of combining rMVA vaccination with a DNA priming DOSE, and investigated the protection resulting from equine influenza nucleoprotein (NP) versus haemagglutinin (HA) vaccination
3312. [Pertussis in Poland in 2003].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At least this last possibility was eliminated by introduction of additional DOSE of DTaP at the age of 6
3313. [Measles in Poland in 2003].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 17 local cases, 5 (29.4%) cases occurred in unvaccinated persons, 3 (17.6%) in persons vaccinated with one DOSE and 7 (41.2%) in those vaccinated with two DOSEs of measles vaccine (administered at the age of 13-15 months and 7 years)
3314. Vaccination coverage among adolescents in certain provinces of Greece.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The most missed DOSE for all vaccines was the final booster DOSE, which is usually administered in older children or adolescents
- Adolescent vaccination coverage was not satisfactory in this study, mainly due to non-compliance to the final booster DOSE
3315. Randomized phase IIB trial of BLP25 liposome vaccine in stage IIIB and IV non-small-cell lung cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Patients in the L-BLP25 arm received a single intravenous DOSE of cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 followed by eight weekly subcutaneous immunizations with L-BLP25 (1,000 microg)
3316. Evaluation of safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of an attenuated rotavirus vaccine, RIX4414: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Latin American infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy, immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of 2 oral DOSEs of RIX4414 (10(4.7), 10(5.2) or 10(5.8) focus-forming units) at 2 and 4 months coadministered with routine vaccinations and oral poliovirus vaccine given for study purposes at least 14 days apart
- Antirotavirus IgA seroconversion rates 2 months after DOSE 2 ranged between 61% (10(4.7) ffu group) and 65% (10(5.8) ffu group), and most of the infants had seroprotective levels of antibodies to coadministered routine vaccinations
- Protective efficacy against severe and any rotavirus gastroenteritis from 15 days post-DOSE 2 was highest in the 10(5.8) ffu group [86%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 63-96% and 70% (95% CI 46-84%), P < 0.001, 2-sided Fisher's exact test]
- A reduction in any and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis was already observed at post-DOSE 1 (period: day of DOSE 1 to 14 days post-DOSE 2) in vaccinees compared with placebo recipients
- Two DOSEs of RIX4414 are highly efficacious, providing cross-protection (G1 and G9 strains, prevalent during this study) and early protection against any and severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and hospitalization to infants in Latin America.
3317. Persistence of antibody to hepatitis B and protection from disease among Alaska natives immunized at birth.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During 1984-1995, we recruited a convenience sample of AN children who had received a three DOSE series of HB vaccine starting at birth and had serum antibody to hepatitis B (anti-HBs) concentrations of >/= 10 mIU/mL at 7-26 months of age
3318. Safety and efficacy of Salmonella gallinarum 9R vaccine in young laying chickens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The mean weights of 5-week-old chickens vaccinated with one and 10 DOSEs at 2 weeks old were 450.3+/-33.83 g and 446.8+/-35.68 g, respectively, which were statistically lower (P<0.05) than the mean weight (475.5+/-44.17 g) of the control group
- Using the same procedure, the mean weights of chickens vaccinated with one and 10 DOSEs at the age of 4 and 6 weeks were 721.3+/-64.03 g and 723.7+/-63.92 g, and 1114.2+/-92.21 g and 1078.27+/-68.93 g, respectively
- gallinarum 21 days after one-DOSE vaccination, the mortalities between the vaccinated group and the control group were 0% to 5% and 95% to 100%, respectively
3319. Has a 3-fold decreased dose of bacillus Calmette-Guerin the same efficacy against recurrences and progression of T1G3 and Tis bladder tumors than the standard dose? Results of a prospective randomized trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We determined if a third of the DOSE of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has the same efficacy than a standard DOSE for decreasing the risk of recurrence and progression after transurethral resection in patients with superficial high risk (stages T1G3 and carcinoma in situ) bladder cancer
- A total of 155 patients with a mean age +/- SD of 67 +/- 10.1 years with superficial bladder cancer, including stages T1G3 in 90, a Tis primary tumor in 23 and associated Tis disease in 42, were enrolled and randomly assigned to be treated after transurethral resection of all visible lesions with intravesical BCG, Connaught strain (weekly x 6 and fortnightly x 6 thereafter) with the standard DOSE of 81 mg or with the decreased DOSE of 27 mg
- Disease recurred in 32 patients (39%) treated with the standard DOSE and in 33 (45%) treated with the decreased DOSE
- Median time to recurrence was not attained in the standard DOSE arm and it was 63 months in the decreased DOSE arm
- Kaplan-Meier estimates for time to recurrence did not reveal differences between the 2 DOSEs (p = 0.405)
- Tumor progressed in 20 patients (24.7%) with the standard DOSE and in 19 (26%) with the decreased DOSE
- Four patients (6.1%) with Tis had local extension into the prostatic urethra and ducts, including 3 (8.3%) treated with the standard DOSE and 1 (3.4%) treated with the decreased DOSE
- Deferred cystectomy for progression was performed in 7 patients (8.4%) treated with the standard DOSE and in 7 (9.5%) of those treated with the decreased DOSE
- The groups did not differ in disease specific mortality, which was 12.2% in the standard DOSE arm and 16.4% in the decreased DOSE arm
- Our results suggest that a 3-fold decreased DOSE of intravesical BCG is as effective as the standard DOSE against progression in patients with high risk stages T1G3 and Tis superficial bladder carcinoma but with significantly less toxicity.
3320. Chimeric DNA vaccine reverses morphine-induced immunosuppression and tumorigenesis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Our findings reveal that long-term morphine treatment DOSE-dependently promotes tumor growth and a DNA vaccine may serve as a useful approach to treat the profound immunosuppressive function and prevent tumorigenesis after long-term morphine treatment.
3321. Comparative efficacy of two single-dose bacterins in the control of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in swine raised under commercial conditions in Brazil.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3322. WHO informal consultation on quality, safety and efficacy specifications for live attenuated rotavirus vaccines Mexico City, Mexico, 8-9 February 2005.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Recent analyzes of large vaccine safety trials found that certain strains of vaccine virus were not associated with intussusception, although in these trials the first DOSE of vaccine was not administered to children over 3 months of age
- Since age is a risk factor for intussusception, this may suggest that early delivery of the first DOSE of vaccine is desirable
- However, maternal antibodies may mitigate against early delivery of the first vaccine DOSE
3323. [Immunisation against varicella].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Seroconversion has been obtained in almost 100% of the cases after one DOSE in toddlers and children, and two DOSEs in adolescents and adults
3324. Universal varicella vaccination: efficacy trends and effect on herpes zoster.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Other recent studies based on VASP data have mitigated against discovery of the above trends that challenge several initial assumptions inherent to the universal varicella program, namely, (1) a single DOSE confers long-term immunity and (2) there is no immunologically mediated link between varicella and HZ incidence
3325. Extraordinarily few organisms of a live recombinant BCG vaccine against tuberculosis induce maximal cell-mediated and protective immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study, we have investigated the impact of vaccine DOSE on the development of cell-mediated and protective immunity in the guinea pig model
- tuberculosis aerosol challenge of both BCG and rBCG30 was essentially DOSE-independent over a DOSE range of 10(1)-10(6) live organisms
- To gain a better understanding of the influence of DOSE on bacterial clearance and immunity, we assessed animals immunized with 10(1), 10(3), or 10(6)CFU of rBCG30
- The higher the DOSE, the higher the peak CFU level achieved in animal organs
- However, whereas humoral immune responses to the 30 kDa protein reflected the disparate CFU levels, cell-mediated immune responses did not; high and low DOSEs of rBCG30 ultimately induced comparable peak lymphocyte proliferative responses and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to the 30 kDa protein
3326. IFN-gamma increases efficiency of DNA vaccine in protecting ducks against infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DHBV DNA in sera and liver was detected by Southern blot hybridization, after ducks were challenged with high DOSEs of DHBV
- DuIFN-gamma expressed by COS-7 was able to protect duck fibroblasts against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection in a DOSE-dependent fashion, and anti-DuIFN-gamma antibodies neutralized the antiviral effects
- After being challenged with DHBV at high DOSEs, the load of DHBV in sera dropped faster, and the amount of total DNA and cccDNA in the liver decreased more significantly in the group of ducks co-immunized with DuIFN-gamma gene and DHBpreS/S DNA than in other groups
3327. Immunogenicity and efficacy of three recombinant subunit Pasteurella multocida toxin vaccines against progressive atrophic rhinitis in pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Offspring from rsPMT vaccinated sows had better survival after challenge with a five-fold lethal DOSE of authentic PMT and had better growth performance after challenge with a sublethal DOSE of toxin
3328. The expanding role of aerosols in systemic drug delivery, gene therapy, and vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Until recently, inhalation therapy focused primarily on the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the pressurized metered-DOSE inhaler was the delivery device of choice
- This expansion has been driven by the Montreal protocol and the need to eliminate chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from traditional metered-DOSE inhalers, by the need for delivery devices and formulations that can efficiently and reproducibly target the systemic circulation for the delivery of proteins and peptides, and by developments in medicine that have made it possible to consider curing lung diseases with aerosolized gene therapy and preventing epidemics of influenza and measles with aerosolized vaccines
- During this decade of innovation, we have witnessed the coming of age of dry powder inhalers, the development of new soft mist inhalers, and improved pressurized metered-DOSE inhaler delivery as a result of the replacement of CFC propellants with hydrofluoroalkane
3329. [Dosage of inactivated influenza vaccine for infants].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In Japan, the inoculation dosage of inactivated influenza vaccine for children under 1 year old is 0.1 mL per DOSE
3330. Comparison of live and inactivated tick-borne encephalitis virus vaccines for safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in rhesus monkeys.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of either highly attenuated TBEV/DEN4Delta30 or LGT/DEN4 vaccine candidate or three DOSEs of an inactivated TBEV vaccine were efficacious in monkeys against wild-type LGT challenge
3331. Safety and immunological efficacy of a prostate cancer plasmid DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The current study was performed to determine the safety and potential immunological efficacy in rodents of large and repetitive DOSEs of a GMP-grade plasmid DNA vaccine encoding human PAP, pTVG-HP
- The vaccine was found to be effective in eliciting PAP-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells, predominantly Th1 in type, in all immunized animals at all DOSEs and numbers of immunizations
- PAP-specific IgG were detected in a DOSE-dependent fashion, with titers increasing after multiple immunizations
3332. Immunogenicity of recombinant protective antigen and efficacy against aerosol challenge with anthrax.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- anthracis in a DOSE-related manner
- Subsequently, a separate group of rhesus macaques immunized with 50 mug of Escherichia coli-derived rPA adsorbed to alhydrogel was fully protected against a target DOSE of 200 50% lethal DOSEs of aerosolized B
3333. Vaccination with the Leishmania infantum acidic ribosomal P0 protein plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induces protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis in C57BL/6 mice but does not prevent progressive disease in BALB/c mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- major parasites in susceptible BALB/c mice (a model widely used for vaccination analysis) and (ii) the intradermal inoculation of a low infective DOSE in resistant C57BL/6 mice (a model that more accurately reproduces the L
3334. Biological Therapy of Cancer--fifth symposium. From basic research to clinical application. 27-30 October 1999, Munich, Germany.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Trial design must be modified, as with these therapies standard phase I objectives of establishing the maximum tolerated DOSE (MTD), assessing toxicity and pharmacokinetics must be combined with biological 'end-points', such as measurement of immune activation or downstream effects
3335. [The occurrence of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in Brazil, 1995 to 2001].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Risk was calculated as the ratio between the number of cases and the respective number of DOSEs given in a year, according to the National Immunization Program
- Four cases were associated with the first DOSE, four with the second DOSE, and two cases were attributed to contact
- The observed risk for VAPP during the period studied was 1:5.11 million when considering only the first DOSE and 1:10.67 million for all the DOSEs
3336. Susceptibility to hepatitis A in patients with chronic liver disease due to hepatitis C virus infection: missed opportunities for vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among the 94 vaccinated patients, 45 received only one DOSE of the vaccine
3337. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosine dinucleotides (CpG ODNs) and modified analogs as novel anticancer therapeutics.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Although all three CpG ODN classes stimulate TLR9-dependent signaling, there are striking differences in the cell types they activate and their DOSE-dependent immunostimulatory efficacy
3338. A short report on highlights of world-wide development of RIX4414: a Latin American experience.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Healthy infants were given two DOSEs of vaccine (104.7, 105.2 or 105.8 ffu) or placebo at age 2 and 4 months, with routine DTPw-HBV and Hib vaccines
- Analysis of efficacy included diarrheal episodes occurring from 2 weeks after second DOSE until one year of age
- A decrease was noted in the incidence of severe rotavirus-related gastroenteritis after first DOSE
- It is demonstrated that two DOSEs of RIX4414 are highly efficacious against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and hospitalization, including disease caused by non-G1 strains, namely G9 serotypes.
3339. Yeast-derived sigma C protein-induced immunity against avian reovirus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Percentage (%) protection induced by the low DOSE (125 microg purified yeast-expressed sigma C protein/chicken) or the high DOSE (250 microg purified yeast-expressed sigma C protein/chicken) was 64 and 91, respectively
3340. Childhood vaccination and nontargeted infectious disease hospitalization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Longitudinal information was collected on type and number of vaccine DOSEs received and hospitalization with infectious diseases, specifically acute upper respiratory tract infection, viral and bacterial pneumonia, septicemia, viral central nervous system infection, bacterial meningitis, and diarrhea
- This one adverse association of 42 possible outcomes was within the limits of what would be expected by chance alone and the effect was not temporal or DOSE-response
3341. Evaluation of RIX4414, a live, attenuated rotavirus vaccine, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial involving 2464 Singaporean infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at pediatric hospitals and polyclinics in Singapore for the evaluation of the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and efficacy of 2 oral DOSEs of RIX4414
- In total, 2464 healthy infants (who were 11-17 weeks old when the first DOSE was administered, which is in accordance with the local immunization schedule) were enrolled to receive RIX4414 at 3 concentrations of virus (10(4.7), 10(5.2), or 10(6.1) focus-forming units) or placebo at 1-month intervals, concomitantly with routinely administered infant vaccines
- The RIX4414 vaccine was highly immunogenic, and virtually all vaccine recipients (98%-100%) experienced "vaccine take" (i.e., a combined immunogenicity end point based on seroconversion and/or shedding of RIX4414 in postvaccination stool samples) after receipt of 2 DOSEs at all 3 dosage levels
- Two DOSEs of RIX4414 were well tolerated, with no increase in high fever, severe diarrhea, or vomiting after either DOSE or with increased viral concentration, compared with placebo
3342. More on RotaShield and intussusception: the role of age at the time of vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We found that the incidence of intussusception associated with the first DOSE of vaccine increased with age
- Infants > or = 90 days old accounted for 80% of cases of intussusception associated with a first DOSE but had received only 38% of first DOSEs
- Modeling of the recommended schedule of vaccination at ages 2, 4, and 6 months projected 1 intussusception event/11,000-16,000 vaccine recipients; modeling of a 2-DOSE schedule beginning in the neonatal period projected 1 intussusception event/38,000-59,000 vaccine recipients
- A fully implemented 2-DOSE vaccination schedule begun during the neonatal period would lead to, at most, a 7% increase in the incidence of intussusception above the annual background incidence.
3343. Development of a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against prevalent serotypes of rotavirus gastroenteritis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An HBRV DOSE of > or =8 x 10(6) plaque-forming units has demonstrated 68.8%-76.6% efficacy against any rotavirus gastroenteritis, regardless of severity, and approximatel 100% efficacy against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis for the first rotavirus infection season after vaccination
- The HBRV has been generally well tolerated, with no increase in the incidence of fever, vomiting, diarrhea, or behavioral changes among vaccine recipients, compared with placebo recipients, during the 14- and 42-day periods after administration of any DOSE
3344. [Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSV(1)-TK/GCV) system as an effective "in vivo death switch" of live tumor vaccines].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- GCV showed in vitro cytotoxicity to FC/TK cells in a DOSE-dependent manner, and 86.25% of the FC/TK cells were killed by GCV at a concentration of 100 microg/ml; the apoptosis rate of FC/TK cells was over 80%, and apoptotic morphology, including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, was observed
3345. Induction of higher-avidity human CTLs by vector-mediated enhanced costimulation of antigen-presenting cells.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3346. Pertussis vaccine effectiveness among children 6 to 59 months of age in the United States, 1998-2001.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Because of the availability of 3 DTaP and 2 DTP vaccines and the likelihood of the vaccines being used interchangeably to vaccinate children with the recommended 5-DOSE schedule, measuring the effectiveness of the pertussis vaccines was a high priority
- Pertussis vaccine DOSEs among case children were counted as valid if they were received > or =14 days before the cough onset date ("valid period")
- The age of the case patient (in days) at the end of the valid period was determined, and DOSEs of vaccine for the matched control subjects were counted as valid if they were received by that age
- Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the matched odds ratios (ORs) for pertussis according to the number of pertussis vaccine DOSEs
- Because the pertussis antigen components or amounts differed according to vaccine, the VE of 3 or 4 DOSEs of DTP and/or DTaP was estimated according to the recorded vaccine manufacturer and vaccine type
- The proportions of children who received 0, 1 or 2, 3, and > or =4 pertussis (DTP and/or DTaP) vaccine DOSEs among case subjects were 26%, 14%, 26%, and 34% and among control subjects were 2%, 8%, 33%, and 57%, respectively
- Compared with 0 DOSEs, the unadjusted VE estimate for 1 or 2 pertussis DOSEs was 83.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61.1-93.1%), that for 3 DOSEs was 95.6% (95% CI: 89.7-98.0%), and for > or =4 DOSEs was 97.7% (95% CI: 94.7-99.0%)
- Among children who received 4 pertussis vaccinations, the risk of pertussis was slightly higher among those who received only 1 type of vaccine (either 4 DTP DOSEs or 4 DTaP DOSEs), compared with those who received a combination of DTP for DOSEs 1 to 3 and DTaP for DOSE 4 (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.2)
- Among children who received 3 or 4 DTaP vaccine DOSEs, the risk of pertussis was slightly higher among those who received a DTaP vaccine with 4 pertussis antigen components (a vaccine no longer available), compared with those who received the DTaP vaccine with 2 pertussis antigen components (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-5.8)
- Among children who received 4 DOSEs, the risk of pertussis was 2.7 times higher for children who received DOSE 4 early (age of < or =13 months), compared with children who received DOSE 4 at an older age (age of > or =14 months) (95% CI: 1.1-6.8)
- Any combination of > or =3 DTP/DTaP vaccine DOSEs for children 6 to 59 months of age was highly protective against pertussis
- Among children who received 4 pertussis vaccine DOSEs, a combination of 3 DTP DOSEs followed by 1 DTaP DOSE had a slightly higher VE than other combinations; among children who received 3 or 4 DTaP vaccine DOSEs, 1 DTaP vaccine performed less well
- The finding that pertussis DOSE 4 was more effective when given to children at > or =14 months of age might be confounded if health care providers were more likely to vaccinate children at 12 months of age because of a perceived risk of undervaccination and if these same children were also at higher risk for pertussis
- Parents need to be educated about the morbidity and mortality risks associated with Bordetella pertussis infection, and they need to be encouraged to vaccinate their children against pertussis on time and with the recommended number of vaccine DOSEs for optimal protection.
3347. Failure of a multi-subunit recombinant leishmanial vaccine (MML) to protect dogs from Leishmania infantum infection and to prevent disease progression in infected animals.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The surviving dogs received a second three-DOSE vaccine course 1 year later
3348. Aluminium phosphate potentiates the efficacy of DNA vaccines against Leishmania mexicana.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the present study we evaluated aluminium phosphate as an adjuvant of different formulations and DOSEs of DNA vaccines against L
- Aluminium phosphate had no effect on the humoral response induced by a high DOSE (100 microg) DNA vaccine, but slightly increased the cellular response and the protection against infection
- It also allowed a non-immunoprotective low DOSE (20 microg) DNA vaccine encoding L
3349. Learning from BCG: Designing a better tuberculosis vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After the Second World War, the vaccine was offered to children throughout Europe, and today WHO recommends that infants should be immunized as soon after birth as possible with a single, intradermal DOSE of BCG in all countries at high risk of TB infection
3350. Associations between obesity and receipt of screening mammography, Papanicolaou tests, and influenza vaccination: results from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) Study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When BMI was greater than 18.5 kg/m2, we found an inverse DOSE-response relationship between BMI and receipt of screening mammography and Pap tests among White, but not Black, middle-aged women
3351. Exposure of rabbits to ultraviolet light-inactivated rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and subsequent challenge with virulent virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- RHDV was inactivated by ultraviolet (UV) light using an electronic UV crosslinker with a UV DOSE of 168.48 W-s/cm2 and a UV intensity of 0.0078 W/cm2
3352. The epidemiology of animal bite injuries in Uganda and projections of the burden of rabies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- From conservative parameter estimates, we estimate that in the absence of post-exposure prophylaxis (PET), 592 (95% CI 345-920) deaths would occur, and that if one DOSE of PET is sufficient for protection following a rabid animal bite, 20 (95% CI 5-50) deaths would occur annually
3353. Conditions influencing the efficacy of vaccination with live organisms against Leishmania major infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We examined the expression of immunity at the site of secondary, low-DOSE challenge in the ear dermis to determine the kinetics of parasite clearance and the early events associated with the protection conferred by vaccination with live L
3354. Vaccine pharmacotherapy for the treatment of cocaine dependence.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An open label, fourteen week, DOSE-escalation study evaluated the safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of a novel human cocaine vaccine (TA-CD) in eighteen cocaine dependent subjects
- Ten subjects (400 microg total DOSE group) received four-100 microg injections over the course of eight weeks
- Subsequently, eight subjects (2000 microg total DOSE group) received five-400 microg vaccinations over twelve weeks
- The 2000 microg total DOSE group had a significantly higher mean antibody titer response (2000 units) as compared to the 400 microg total DOSE group (1000 units) (p = .05)
3355. Immunoprophylactic effects of the anti-leprosy Mw vaccine in household contacts of leprosy patients: clinical field trials with a follow up of 8-10 years.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After exclusion of 1622 contacts for any of the different exclusion criteria, a total of 24,060 HHC could be vaccinated for vaccine or placebo under coding (20,194 administered two DOSEs and 3866 received single DOSE)
- The vaccine consisted of 1 x 10(9) heat killed bacilli (Mw) in normal saline for the first DOSE and half of the first DOSE, i.e
- 5 x 10(8) bacilli for the second DOSE, given 6 months after the first DOSE
- The placebo consisted of 1/8th DOSE of the normal DOSE of tetanous toxoid
3356. Modulation of disease, T cell responses, and measles virus clearance in monkeys vaccinated with H-encoding alphavirus replicon particles.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In mice, SIN-H induced high-titered, DOSE-dependent, MV-neutralizing antibody after a single vaccination
- To assess protective efficacy, juvenile macaques were vaccinated with a single DOSE of 10(6) or 10(8) SIN-H particles and infant macaques with two DOSEs of 10(8) particles
- A DOSE of 10(8) particles induced sustained levels of high-titered, MV-neutralizing antibody and IFN-gamma-producing memory T cells, and most monkeys were protected from rash when challenged with wild-type MV 18 months later
3357. A retrogen plasmid-based vaccine generates high titer antibody responses against the autologous cancer antigen survivin and demonstrates anti-tumor efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We describe the use of retrogen plasmid-based vaccine technology to break tolerance and to generate a robust, DOSE-dependent antibody response against the self cancer antigen, survivin
3358. Preclinical assessment of HIV vaccines and microbicides by repeated low-dose virus challenges.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These trials are usually conducted with very high virus challenge DOSEs that result in infection with certainty
- However, these high challenge DOSEs do not realistically reflect the low probability of HIV transmission in humans, and thus may rule out preventive interventions that could protect against "real life" exposures
- The belief that experiments involving realistically low challenge DOSEs require large numbers of animals has so far prevented the development of alternatives to using high challenge DOSEs
- Using statistical power analysis, we investigate how many animals would be needed to conduct preclinical trials using low virus challenge DOSEs
- We show that experimental designs in which animals are repeatedly challenged with low DOSEs do not require unfeasibly large numbers of animals to assess vaccine or microbicide success
- Preclinical trials using repeated low-DOSE challenges represent a promising alternative approach to identify potential preventive interventions.
3359. Vaccination against influenza in rheumatoid arthritis: the effect of disease modifying drugs, including TNF alpha blockers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 82 rheumatoid patients and 30 healthy controls were vaccinated with a split-virion inactivated vaccine containing 15 mug haemagglutinin (HA) per DOSE of each of B/Hong Kong/330/2001 (HK), A/Panama/2007/99 (PAN), and A/New Caledonian/20/99 (NC)
3360. Improvement of collagen-induced arthritis by active immunization against murine IL-1beta peptides designed by molecular modelling.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3361. Elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease from The Gambia after the introduction of routine immunisation with a Hib conjugate vaccine: a prospective study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two DOSEs of vaccine were needed for direct protection from Hib disease (vaccine efficacy 94%, 95% CI 62-99)
- Since most children received a protective DOSE after the age of greatest disease risk, indirect effects were important in reducing disease incidence
3362. The novel oral typhoid vaccine M01ZH09 is well tolerated and highly immunogenic in 2 vaccine presentations.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- M01ZH09 (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi [Ty2 aroC(-) ssaV(-)] ZH9) is a live oral-DOSE typhoid vaccine candidate
- We demonstrate that M01ZH09, in a single oral DOSE, is well tolerated and prompts broad immune responses, regardless of whether prevaccination with a bicarbonate buffer is given
- The oral typhoid vaccine M01ZH09 is well tolerated and highly immunogenic in a single oral DOSE, with and without prevaccination with a bicarbonate buffer
3363. [Skin and soft tissue infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b over a 30 year period].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of these children, one had received only the three primary DOSEs of the vaccine but not the booster DOSE, and the remaining two were unvaccinated immigrant children
3364. Infant feeding patterns and risks of death and hospitalization in the first half of infancy: multicentre cohort study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mother-infant pairs were visited at home every 4 weeks from the time the infant received the first DOSE of oral polio vaccine and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus at the age of 6 weeks in Ghana and India and at the age of 10 weeks in Peru
3365. Failure of hepatitis B vaccination in patients receiving lamivudine prophylaxis after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Fifty-two patients on lamivudine prophylaxis at a median of 412 days (median, 370-2040 days) after transplantation for chronic HBV-related liver disease received two courses of an accelerated schedule of double-DOSE recombinant HBV vaccine
- Three intramuscular DOSEs of vaccine (40 microg each) were administered monthly and another identical course was repeated after 3 months
- Active immunization with two courses of double-DOSE recombinant HBV vaccine has limited efficacy in patients receiving lamividine prophylaxis after liver transplantation.
3366. BCG dose reduction by decreasing the instillation frequency: effects on local Th1/Th2 cytokine responses in a mouse model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Based on the requirement of a Th1 immune response for clinical efficacy, and incited by the arbitrary induction scheme, frequent side effects and the empirical approach in improving BCG immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer, an alternative intravesical BCG treatment schedule for DOSE reduction was investigated without compromising Th1 cytokine induction in the bladder in a mouse model
- During the 6-week period the intermediate weekly BCG instillations 2, 3, 4, and 5 do not contribute to Th1 cytokine upregulation in the bladder, provided that the BCG DOSE is sufficient
3367. Preclinical toxicity and efficacy testing of RiVax, a recombinant protein vaccine against ricin.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We have found that RiVax is safe at DOSEs of at least 8 mg in mice, 800-fold higher than the protective DOSE, and induces neutralizing antibodies in both mice and rabbits.
3368. Combination of imatinib mesylate with autologous leukocyte-derived heat shock protein and chronic myelogenous leukemia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Hsp70PCs were purified from the leukopheresed peripheral blood mononuclear cells and were administered in eight weekly intradermal injections at 50 microg/DOSE without adjuvant
3369. Immunostimulatory effects of low-dose cyclophosphamide are controlled by inducible nitric oxide synthase.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3370. Applications and optimization of immunization procedures.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The choice of immunization protocols is complex, and results may be affected by many factors such as DOSE and concentration of antigen, choice of adjuvants, time between inoculation and response measurement, and method of detection
3371. Vaccination history and risk of childhood leukaemia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A primary variable of interest is the number of administrations (DOSEs) of various types of vaccines
- The odds ratio for each DOSE of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine was 0.81 (95% CI 0.68-0.96)
- Compared with children who received two or fewer DOSEs of Hib vaccine, those who received three or more DOSEs had a significantly reduced risk of childhood leukaemia (odds ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.94)
- The number of DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine received was not associated with leukaemia risk
3372. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition: a potential mechanism for increasing the efficacy of bacillus calmette-guerin immunotherapy for bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Prostaglandin E2 stimulated a DOSE dependent increase in the levels of IL-10 produced by BCG activated DCs (p <0.01)
- The COX-2 selective inhibitor NS-398 caused a DOSE dependent increase in the concentration of IL-12 produced by BCG activated DCs (p <0.01)
3373. Phase 1/2 study of subcutaneous and intradermal immunization with a recombinant MAGE-3 protein in patients with detectable metastatic melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The purpose of this phase 1/2 study was to evaluate toxicity, tumor evolution and immunologic response following administration of a fixed DOSE of a recombinant MAGE-3 protein by subcutaneous and intradermal routes in the absence of immunologic adjuvant
- Thirty-two patients with detectable metastatic melanoma expressing gene MAGE-3 were included and 30 received at least one injection with a fixed DOSE of a ProtD-MAGE-3 fusion protein
3374. Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis in immunocompromised adults: clinical features and outcome.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two were immunosuppressed due to high-DOSE corticosteroids
3375. Discrepancy between the tuberculin skin test and the whole-blood interferon gamma assay for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in an intermediate tuberculosis-burden country.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A prospective comparison between the whole-blood IFN-gamma assay and the TST using a 2-TU DOSE of purified protein derivative RT23 in a population with intermediate TB burden was conducted sequentially between February 1, 2004, and February 28, 2005, in a Korean tertiary referral hospital
3376. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in health care workers in rural India: comparison of a whole-blood interferon gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Tuberculin skin testing was performed using 1-TU DOSE of purified protein derivative RT23, and the IFN-gamma assay was performed by measuring IFN-gamma response to early secreted antigenic target 6, culture filtrate protein 10, and a portion of tuberculosis antigen TB7.7
3377. The role of particle-mediated DNA vaccines in biodefense preparedness.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Only a small number of cells need to be transfected to elicit humoral, cellular and memory responses, requiring only a low DNA DOSE
3378. Combined tetanus, diphtheria, and 5-component pertussis vaccine for use in adolescents and adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single 0.5-mL intramuscular DOSE of either Tdap or tetanus-diphtheria vaccine (Td)
3379. Economic considerations for pertussis booster vaccination in adolescents.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An adolescent/adult formulation of acellular pertussis vaccine requires a lower DOSE of pertussis antigens and can be combined with currently recommended diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (Tdap)
3380. Varicella vaccination for grades 4 and 5 students: from theory to practice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To calculate the proportion of grade 4 and 5 students susceptible to varicella; to calculate the proportion of susceptible students who agree to be vaccinated; to compare the proportion of susceptibles who agree to be vaccinated when varicella vaccination is offered with the first or the second DOSE of hepatitis B; and to assess whether a catch-up varicella immunization programme would affect the vaccine coverage of a concurrent hepatitis B vaccination programme
- The proportions of parents of susceptibles who consented to vaccination were compared for both immunization strategies: varicella vaccination given with the first or second DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine
- Rates of vaccine coverage against hepatitis B after two DOSEs were compared for the years 2000-2001 and 2002-2003
- The rates of vaccine coverage in the schools after two DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine were exactly the same for the 2000-2001 and 2002-2003 school years
3381. Disability as a "family affair": parental disability and childhood immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children are determined to be in compliance with the Centers for Disease Control immunization protocol at age 24 months if they have received 4 DTP, 3 polio, and 1 MMR vaccine DOSE
3382. Boosting with poxviruses enhances Mycobacterium bovis BCG efficacy against tuberculosis in guinea pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We show that BCG boosted by poxviruses expressing antigen 85A induced unprecedented 100% protection of guinea pigs from high-DOSE aerosol challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suggesting a strategy for enhancing and prolonging the efficacy of BCG.
3383. Combined DNA vaccine encapsulated in microspheres enhanced protection efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Also, C57BL/6 mice immunized with a single DOSE of PLGA encapsulated DNA produced increased levels of IFN-gamma in the supernatant of spleen cells when cultured in the presence of the recombinant antigens
- In vaccine/challenge experiments, mice receiving a single DOSE of PLGA encapsulated DNA were protected against Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge at levels comparable to groups of mice immunized with three DOSEs of non-encapsulated DNA vaccine or with Mycobacterium bovis BCG.
3384. Hepatitis B vaccination status and identification of risk factors for hepatitis B in health care workers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Amongst them 86% were completely vaccinated, 12% had incomplete vaccination and 2% didn't have even a single DOSE
3385. [Measles epidemiology in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, 1996-2000].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This ecological study, based on an analysis of secondary data from epidemiological surveillance and using the municipality (county) as the unit of analysis, showed that measles vaccine coverage was lower than necessary for eradication (95%) and control (90%) in many municipalities in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, both before and during the last epidemic in 1997, particularly regarding the second DOSE of the vaccine, applied as a component of the MMR vaccine, scheduled at 15 months of age
- However, during the 1997 epidemic small-scale measles outbreaks were recorded even in municipalities with first-DOSE coverage of 95% or higher, particularly among those which also had low second-DOSE coverage for MMR
3386. Dual-subtype vaccine (Fel-O-Vax FIV) protects cats against contact challenge with heterologous subtype B FIV infected cats.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After 1 year of commingling, each cat in the vaccinated group was given a booster DOSE
3387. Recombinant canarypox vectored West Nile virus (WNV) vaccine protects dogs and cats against a mosquito WNV challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The first DOSE of vaccine induced a detectable antibody response in four dogs and five cats (one immunized with low and four with high DOSEs)
- After the second DOSE, all the vaccinated dogs and all of the cats, immunized with high DOSE had detectable antibody titers, whereas only four of eight cats in the low DOSE group were seropositive
3388. Failure of a killed Leishmania amazonensis vaccine against American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- They were randomized to receive either three DOSEs of vaccine (n=1295) or placebo (n=1302) given at 20-day intervals
- Safety and efficacy of the vaccine were determined by comparing local and systemic adverse reactions after each DOSE and the incidence of parasitologically confirmed CL
3389. Quantitative and qualitative antibody response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among African human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- PnCV serotype-specific antibody concentrations were measured by a standard enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a 22F modified EIA (22F EIA) on single serum samples drawn at 21-42 days post-DOSE 3
3390. Pertussis immunization in the global pertussis initiative international region: recommended strategies and implementation considerations.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Infants in these countries receive an initial course of 3 DOSEs of vaccine in the first year of life followed by a fourth DOSE in the second year
3391. Pertussis immunization in the global pertussis initiative European region: recommended strategies and implementation considerations.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among the various strategies evaluated, 3 were recommended by the European participants in the Global Pertussis Initiative that might be adapted to each country's specific needs: the reinforcement of implementation of current schedules, the addition of an extra DOSE of vaccine to current immunization schedules and the selective immunization of health care workers, which is already included in a European Commission directive
3392. Pertussis immunization of adolescents in the United States: an economic evaluation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Administration of a booster DOSE of acellular pertussis vaccine to adolescents may help reduce this burden, not only by reducing infections in vaccinated individuals but also by reducing transmission of Bordetella pertussis to other individuals, particularly infants
3393. Assessment of perinatal hepatitis B and rubella prevention in New Hampshire delivery hospitals.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Assessment was done on the following: prenatal screening for hepatitis B and rubella, administration of the hepatitis B vaccine birth DOSE to all infants, administration of hepatitis B immune globulin to infants who were born to hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers, rubella immunity, and administration of in-hospital postpartum rubella vaccine to rubella nonimmune women
- Hepatitis B vaccine birth DOSE was administered to 76.2% of all infants
3394. CHIP shots: association between the State Children's Health Insurance Programs and immunization rates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Up-to-date status for the 4:3:1 (4 DOSEs of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis vaccine/3 DOSEs of poliovirus vaccine/1 DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine) and the 4:3:1:3:3 (4 DOSEs of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis vaccine/3 DOSEs of poliovirus vaccine/1 DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine/3 DOSEs of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine/3 DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine) series as well at the hepatitis B and varicella vaccines was measured
3395. Current and future perspectives on fulvestrant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Favorable safety, DOSE-response, and pharmacokinetic data led to the initiation of clinical trials to evaluate loading and higher DOSEs with the aim of building on the well-defined efficacy of fulvestrant
3396. Human and animal brucellosis in Jordan between 1996 and 1998: a study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All animals in Jordan were repeatedly vaccinated between 1996 and 1998 on a trial basis, using a reduced DOSE of 1 x 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)
- However, as wild strains of Brucella have also been isolated from vaccinated animals, the authors recommend increasing the amount of vaccine to a full DOSE of 1 to 2 x 10(9) CFU and vaccinating young female animals between the ages of three and eight months
3397. Cross-reactivity of mimotopes with a monoclonal antibody against the high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) does not predict cross-reactive immunogenicity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Binding of mAb 225.28S to HMW-MAA was inhibited in a DOSE-dependent manner by phage-displayed peptides from 51 to 83% and by synthetic peptides from 38 to 87%
3398. Eliminating the carriage of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in domestic fowls by feeding activated charcoal from bark containing wood vinegar liquid (Nekka-Rich).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3399. Resistance to intestinal coccidiosis following DNA immunization with the cloned 3-1E Eimeria gene plus IL-2, IL-15, and IFN-gamma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When used alone, anti-3-1E antibody titers were transiently, but reproducibly, increased at 2 wk and 3 wk posthatching in a DOSE-dependent manner
- Similarly, significantly reduced oocyst shedding and increased weight gain were observed at relatively high-DOSE 3-1E vaccinations (> or =25 microg/egg)
3400. A novel, cell culture-derived smallpox vaccine in vaccinia-naive adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Subjects received either Dryvax or one of four DOSE levels of ACAM2000 administered percutaneously using a bifurcated needle
- All subjects in the highest ACAM2000 DOSE group and the Dryvax group experienced a successful vaccination
- Dilution DOSEs of ACAM2000 were associated with success rates below the 90% threshold established for efficacy
- There were no differences in the proportion of subjects who developed neutralizing antibody: 94% in the highest ACAM2000 DOSE group (95% CI, 84-99) and 96% in the Dryvax group (95% CI, 86-100)
3401. Immunogenicity, safety, and protective efficacy of an inactivated SARS-associated coronavirus vaccine in rhesus monkeys.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- No systematic side effects were observed in vaccinated animals post-immunization, even in at the high DOSE of 5000 microg
- The 50 microg dosage of vaccine elicited SARS-CoV specific immune responses against viral infection as compared to the partial immunity elicited by 0.5 and 5 microg DOSEs
3402. [Pertussis: its evolution in Argentina at the end of the twentieth century].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination coverage in infants up to one year of age (3 DOSEs) was 44.4% in 1980; less than 60% until 1982 and higher than 80% after 1990
- A highly significant inverse correlation was observed, between (a) vaccine implementation, increase in its coverage, introduction of a fifth vaccine DOSE, and (b) notification and mortality rates
3403. Anti-HBs profiles in children treated for neoplastic disease who had been vaccinated against hepatitis B postnatally or as infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The study included 96 children divided into three groups: Group A, children who had received a full vaccination course with an initial level of anti-HBs >/=100 IU/L; Group B, children who had received a full vaccination course with anti-HBs <100 IU/L, for whom an additional DOSE of vaccine was administered; and Group C, children who had further immunoprophylaxis because they did not complete the vaccination course before cancer diagnosis
3404. Efficacy of a recombinant equine influenza vaccine against challenge with an American lineage H3N8 influenza virus responsible for the 2003 outbreak in the United Kingdom.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of a recombinant ALVAC vaccine was administered intramuscularly to five of the ponies, two DOSEs, administered five weeks apart, were administered to five, and the other five served as unvaccinated, challenge controls
3405. Virus-like particles exhibit potential as a pan-filovirus vaccine for both Ebola and Marburg viral infections.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination with a single DOSE of the multivalent VLP vaccine elicited strong immune responses to both viruses and protected animals against EBOV and MARV challenge
3406. Dichotomy of protective cellular immune responses to human visceral leishmaniasis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Such responses were studied for 90 days in 44 adult healthy volunteers from VL non-endemic areas, with no past history of VL/cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and LST non-reactivity following injection with one of four DOSEs of Alum-precipitated autoclaved Leishmania major (Alum/ALM) +/- bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a VL candidate vaccine
3407. [Prevention of pertussis and high expectations concerning vaccines].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It was also shown that the longer is the period after the last DOSE of the vaccine the lower effectiveness was observed
3408. [Herd immunity and effectiveness of vaccination].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3409. Four-year follow up of hepatitis C patients vaccinated against hepatitis B virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Here we measured anti-HBs titers and anti-HBc 4 years after delivery of the third DOSE of primary immunization series
3410. Protective efficacy of vaccination with Neospora caninum multiple recombinant antigens against experimental Neospora caninum infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3411. An assessment of the interval between booster doses of Japanese encephalitis vaccine in the Torres Strait.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This study was undertaken to determine the appropriateness of the recommended three-year interval between booster DOSEs of the vaccine
- Given the apparent low level of risk of exposure to the JE virus in the Torres Strait, and the logistical complexities involved in delivering the booster DOSEs, the current recommendation of a three-year interval is not inappropriate
- It would be advantageous to have a JE vaccine that is not only safer but also more immunogenic, so that it might be possible to further increase the booster DOSE interval.
3412. Protective efficacy of maternal antibodies induced by Salmonella toxoid (vaccine).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After 90 days of the primary vaccination the birds were given booster DOSE of the vaccine
3413. The efficacy of cidofovir treatment of mice infected with ectromelia (mousepox) virus encoding interleukin-4.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- High DOSEs of the drug resulted in a milder localized disease
- In contrast, HPMPC failed to protect mousepox-resistant C57BL/6 mice against ECTV-IL-4, although its lethal effects were delayed by five daily DOSEs of 20 mg/kg or a single DOSE of 100 mg/kg
- Higher daily DOSEs further delayed mortality, although the majority of animals eventually succumbed to infection
3414. A bacterially expressed particulate hepatitis E vaccine: antigenicity, immunogenicity and protectivity on primates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Using alum as adjuvant, immunizing DOSE determined in mice was 80-250 ng for the vaccine and >60 microg for E2
- All the three vaccine formulations afford complete protection against infection with 10(4) genome equivalent DOSE of the homologous genotype 1 virus
- At higher virus DOSE of 10(7), the same vaccine formulation partially protected against the infection and completely protected against hepatitis
3415. Efficacy of the live attenuated Francisella tularensis vaccine (LVS) in a murine model of disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study, we have established the median lethal DOSE (MLD) after intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous (i.v.) delivery of NDBR Lot 4 F
3416. Acceptance and completion of hepatitis B vaccination among drug users in New York City.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of the 610 participants susceptible to HBV, 466 (76.4%) returned for their results and were offered vaccination; 53.9% (251) received at least one DOSE of the vaccine (acceptors)
- Among 240 vaccine acceptors, 98 (40.8%) completed all three DOSEs
3417. Protective CD8 T cell immunity triggered by CpG-protein conjugates competes with the efficacy of live vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE of CpG-OVA complex (10 mug of protein) induces primary and secondary clonal expansion/contraction of Ag-specific CD8 T cells similar in kinetics to live vaccines; examples including Listeria monocytogenes genetically engineered to produce OVA (LM-OVA) and two viral vector-based OVA vaccines analyzed
- A single DOSE vaccination with CpG-OVA complex protected mice against lethal DOSEs of LM-OVA
3418. Mecasermin rinfabate: insulin-like growth factor-I/insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, mecaserimin rinfibate, rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At precommercial scale quantities, the drug will be available on a limited basis.A phase II DOSE-ranging study in children with GHIS was completed at Saint Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine, London, UK
- A single DOSE of mecasermin rinfabate delivered the same amount of IGF-1 as two daily injections of unbound IGF-1
- In January 2003, Insmed announced positive results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled, DOSE-ranging study of mecasermin rinfabate in adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes receiving insulin therapy
3419. Efficacy of H5 influenza vaccines produced by reverse genetics in a lethal mouse model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccine viruses that we tested raised high levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting (1:160-1:1280) and virus-neutralizing (1:900-1:1900) antibodies on day 21 after a single DOSE of vaccine and decreased or prevented virus replication in mouse lungs; 54.5%-100% of immunized mice survived, whereas all control mice died
3420. Improving protective efficacy of BCG vaccination for wildlife against bovine tuberculosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE of 75 mg reduced gastric acidity for at least 4 h
3421. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined adsorbed tetanus toxoid, low dose diphtheria toxoid, five component acellular pertussis and inactivated polio vaccine in six-year-old children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The objective of this study was to assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the combined adsorbed tetanus toxoid, low DOSE diphtheria toxoid, 5-component acellular pertussis and inactivated polio vaccine (TdcP-IPV) as compared with a pediatric DOSE diphtheria formulation, combined with adsorbed tetanus toxoid and 3-component acellular pertussis (DTacP), in 6-year-old children who were immunized with 4 DOSEs of diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell cellular pertussis (DTwcP) plus oral polio vaccine (OPV) before 2 years of age, according to the local Spanish vaccination calendar
- One hundred ninety-four healthy 6-year-old children were randomized to receive 1 DOSE of TdcP-IPV or 1 DOSE of DTacP and OPV
- TdcP-IPV vaccine was shown to be immunogenic and safe when given as a booster in children 6 years of age who were primed with 4 DOSEs of DTwcP and OPV.
3422. Comparative long term immunogenicity of two recombinant hepatitis B vaccines and the effect of a booster dose given after five years in a low endemicity country.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Few data are available concerning the long term immunogenicity of the pediatric DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccines given to preteenagers
- The long term effect of the booster DOSE in teenagers is unknown
- We evaluated the immunogenicity of 2 pediatric hepatitis vaccines after primary vaccination and after a booster DOSE
- A booster DOSE of EB 10 microg or RB 5 microg was administered according to the vaccine used in the primary immunization
- Before the booster DOSE, anti-HB surface antibody (HBs) was detected in 94.7% of the EB subjects and in 95.2% of the RB subjects (P = 0.85)
3423. Use of new adjuvants in an emergency vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus: evaluation of conferred immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3424. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia vaccines and control strategies: recent data.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The first experiment included the use of three DOSEs of vaccine strains T1/44 and T1sr: 10(7), 10(8) and 10(9) mycoplasmas per DOSE
- However, there was no observable DOSE effect for these vaccine strains
3425. Immune response to an indigenously developed r-hepatitis B vaccine in mixed population: study of an accelerated vaccination schedule.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The study was a multicentric, double blind, randomized (3:1) study using three DOSEs of vaccine immunization schedule (20 mug for those above 10 years old and 10 mug for those below 10 years old) on d 0, 30 and 60
- A total of six subjects in both groups experienced a solicited adverse reaction, which included pains, swelling and redness at the injection site, three subjects in the group-B had a pain at the injection site after the third DOSE
- No other serious adverse events occurred and no DOSE-related local or general symptoms were observed during the study
3426. Immunisation with a combination of two complementary feline calicivirus strains induces a broad cross-protection against heterologous challenges.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Each kitten received a total DOSE of 10(3.4) CCID50 of FCV
3427. Assessment of the efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines in healthy children: systematic review.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Influenza vaccines (especially two-DOSE live attenuated vaccines) are efficacious in children older than 2 years
3428. Adverse drug reactions of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation and risk factors of the development of adverse drug reactions in superficial cancer and carcinoma in situ of the bladder.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Regarding the necessity of treatment for adverse drug effects, the purpose of instillation and BCG DOSE were independent significant factors on multivariate analysis
- When instillation is being performed for the purpose of treatment, and the BCG DOSE is 80 mg, greater attention might be needed to monitor for the development of adverse drug effects.
3429. Effectiveness of mass oral cholera vaccination in Beira, Mozambique.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- From December 2003 to January 2004, we undertook mass immunization of nonpregnant persons at least two years of age, using a two-DOSE regimen of rBS-WC vaccine in Esturro, Beira (population 21,818)
- Receipt of one or more DOSEs of rBS-WC vaccine was associated with 78 percent protection (95 percent confidence interval, 39 to 92 percent; P=0.004)
3430. A phase I study of dexosome immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Patients received 4 DOSEs of DEX at weekly intervals
- The time from the first DOSE of DEX until disease progression was 30 to 429+ days
- Three patients had disease progression before the first DEX DOSE
- Survival of patients after the first DEX DOSE was 52-665+ days
3431. Contrasting B cell- and T cell-based protective vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For small initial DOSEs, as one would naturally expect to occur, this gives rise to impractically large thresholds
- Thus, although a T cell vaccine might work against a high DOSE exposure, it might fail when exposed against to a low-DOSE exposure
3432. Recent advances in pneumococcal vaccination of children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In addition, other vaccination strategies such as maternal and neonatal immunisation and combinations of fewer DOSEs of the PCV combined with an early DOSE of the cheaper pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine need to be assessed further.
3433. Evaluation of dendritic cells loaded with apoptotic cancer cells or expressing tumour mRNA as potential cancer vaccines against leukemia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Advances in therapy for childhood leukemia have relied increasingly on the use of high-DOSE chemotherapy often combined with stem-cell transplantation
3434. HBV vaccination in liver transplant recipients: not an effective strategy in the prophylaxis of HBV recurrence.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To investigate the efficacy of HBV vaccination in patients transplanted for HBV cirrhosis, we administered double course of double DOSE recombinant HBV vaccine (Genhavac B; containing HBV pre-S1, pre-S2, and S gene products)
3435. Combined immunization with fusion genes of mutated E7 gene of human papillomavirus type 16 did not enhance antitumor effect.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, doubling the DNA DOSE considerably enhanced the antitumor efficacy of E7GGG.GUS
- Furthermore, we substantially enhanced protection against TC-1/A9 cells with downregulated MHC class I expression by doubling the pBSC/E7GGG.GUS DOSE, but we failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect of any combination of two fusion genes with different mechanisms causing enhancement of HPV16 E7 immunogenicity.
3436. Corticosterone impairs MHC class I antigen presentation by dendritic cells via reduction of peptide generation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3437. Discerning an effective balance between equine infectious anemia virus attenuation and vaccine efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, experimental challenge of the experimentally immunized horses by our standard virulent EIAV(PV) strain by using a low-DOSE multiple exposure protocol (three inoculations with 10 median horse infective DOSEs, administered intravenously) revealed a marked difference in the protective efficacy of the various attenuated proviral vaccine strains that was evidently associated with the extent of vaccine virus attenuation, time of viral challenge, and the apparent maturation of virus-specific immunity.
3438. Reducing the cost of post-exposure rabies prophylaxis: efficacy of 0.1 ml PCEC rabies vaccine administered intradermally using the Thai Red Cross post-exposure regimen in patients severely exposed to laboratory-confirmed rabid animals.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine (PCECV) administered as 0.1 ml intradermally according to the Thai Red Cross (TRC) regimen could reduce the cost of PEP by up to 84% when compared to the traditional five-DOSE Essen regimen
3439. Results of a Phase I study utilizing monocyte-derived dendritic cells pulsed with tumor RNA in children with Stage 4 neuroblastoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Patients received two courses of induction with carboplatin followed by standard chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, high-DOSE therapy, stem cell rescue, and DC(RNA) vaccine therapy
- However, immune function 6 weeks after high-DOSE chemotherapy and stem cell rescue and prior to receiving DC(RNA) was impaired in all patients tested
3440. Protective effect of vaccination in chicks with local infectious bronchitis viruses against field virus challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One-day-old chicks were immunized with killed or high [10(5) 50% embryo infectious DOSE (EID50)] or low (10(3) EID50) DOSEs of live IBV viruses and challenged with homologous or heterologous IBV strains
- In the killed-virus and high-DOSE live-virus test groups, IBV vaccination protected against challenge by homologous but not heterologous IBV strains
- However, a low DOSE of live IBV showed no protection against virulent IBV challenge
- These results indicate that both the genotype based on the N-terminus of the spike protein and the virus DOSE are essential to IBV protection from immunization
3441. Rotavirus vaccines and intussusception risk.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The risk is highest during the 3 to 14 days following receipt of the first DOSE of vaccine
- Infants older than 3 months at the time of the first DOSE of vaccine are at increased risk of intussusception
- Intussusception risk is greatest in the first 3 to 14 days following the receipt of the first DOSE of Rotashield in infants older than 3 months of age
3442. Evaluation of vaccines in the EU TB Vaccine Cluster using a guinea pig aerosol infection model of tuberculosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A relatively high aerosol-challenge DOSE and evaluation over a protracted time post-challenge allowed superior protection over BCG to be demonstrated by BCG boosted with MVA and fowl pox vectors expressing Ag85A.
3443. Induction of antigen-specific immune responses by oral vaccination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIIA.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- cerevisiae expressing ApxIIA DOSE-dependently increased from the third immunization in both intestine and lung (P<0.01)
- The protective efficacy of the oral immunization was then evaluated by a challenge with a minimal lethal DOSE (MLD, 4.5 x 10(7) CFU/ml) of the A
3444. Hepatitis B vaccine efficacy in patients with chronic liver disease by hepatitis C virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All patients and healthy adults received three DOSEs of Engerix B vaccine IM (at 0, 30 and 180 days)
- The response of hepatitis B vaccine as determined 1 month following DOSE 3 was seroprotection in 37.7%, seroconversion in 17.6% and non-reagent in 44.7% among patients and 84.8%, 13.0%, 2.2%, respectively in healthy adults
- It is suggested that such patients should receive a double DOSE of vaccine, particularly the ones with genotype 1.
3445. Safety, efficacy and cross-protectivity of a live intranasal aerosol haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A recommended DOSE of 2 x 10(7) viable organisms was used for the efficacy test
- The administration of 100 times the recommended DOSE to 50 cattle and 39 buffalo calves was innocuous
3446. Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The specific objectives were to assess the age-specific effects of the vaccine, the effect of booster DOSEs in children under five years of age, and the duration of protection in children and adults
- The latter was also the only trial that assessed the effect of a booster DOSE in children under two years of age but lacked power to yield statistically significant results
- The number of children aged under two years was too small to draw conclusions on the protective effect of a booster DOSE of vaccine.
3447. Protective ability of subcellular extracts from Salmonella Enteritidis and from a rough isogenic mutant against salmonellosis in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- BALB/c mice received intraperitoneally one single DOSE of 30 microg of HE from parental and mutant strains, and the protection against a lethal infection with S
3448. Prognostic factors in patients with carcinoma in situ treated with intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3449. Yellow fever 17D as a vaccine vector for microbial CTL epitopes: protection in a rodent malaria model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The yellow fever vaccine 17D (17D) is safe, and after a single immunizing DOSE, elicits long-lasting, perhaps lifelong protective immunity
3450. In vivo immunization by vaccine therapy following virus suppression by lamivudine: a novel approach for treating patients with chronic hepatitis B.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All patients received lamivudine at a DOSE of 100 mg daily for 12 months
3451. Mouse model characterisation for anthrax vaccine development: comparison of one inbred and one outbred mouse strain.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Studies were conducted to determine the time required post immunisation to develop a protective immune response, to define the minimum protective DOSE of vaccine required and to assess the long-term immune response to immunisation
3452. Combined immunization with DNA and transduced tumor cells expressing mouse GM-CSF or IL-2.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We failed to enhance immune reactions by utilization of an equivalent mix of B9 and 181 cells, but the addition of the second DNA-vaccine DOSE applied simultaneously with a cellular-vaccine boost moderately increased antitumor response
3453. Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of synthetic Abeta42 (AN1792) in patients with AD.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Twenty patients were enrolled into each of four DOSE groups and randomly assigned to receive IM AN1792 (50 or 225 microg) with QS-21 adjuvant (50 or 100 microg) or QS-21 only (control) in a 4:1 active:control ratio on day 0 and at weeks 4, 12, and 24
- Treatment-related adverse events were reported in 19 (23.8%) patients, but no relationship was observed between AN1792 DOSE and incidence
3454. Gerbil model of acute neosporosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3455. Implementation of universal influenza immunization recommendations for healthy young children: results of a randomized, controlled trial with registry-based recall.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunization rates for >or=1 DOSE of influenza vaccine for the intervention groups in the 5 practices were 75.9%, 75.4%, 68.1%, 55.6%, and 44.3% at the end of the season
- The rates of receipt of 2 vaccine DOSEs >or=1 month apart for eligible children ranged from 21% to 48% among the practices
3456. An economic analysis of annual influenza vaccination of children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccinating cohorts of 100% high risk children in all three age groups produced median net savings, regardless of cost of vaccination examined (US dollar 30-60/DOSE administered)
- Median threshold vaccination costs for cohorts containing 10% high risk children were US dollar 48, 46, and 45 per DOSE administered for age groups 6-23 months, 6-59 months, and 5-14 years, respectively (US dollar/DOSE administered below these thresholds generate net savings)
- For all cohorts, for the range of cost per DOSE administered examined, the 5th percentiles were net costs
3457. [Evolution of strategy and coverage rates for hepatitis B vaccination in France, a country with low endemicity].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In France, exhaustive population surveys have revealed a vaccine coverage rate of over 21.7% and very low three-DOSE vaccine coverage among infants (19.8%), children (23.3%), and adolescents
3458. Gamma interferon and monophosphoryl lipid A-trehalose dicorynomycolate are efficient adjuvants for Mycobacterium tuberculosis multivalent acellular vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The adjuvant effect of IFN-gamma was DOSE dependent
- A DOSE of 5 mug of IFN-gamma per mouse per immunization gave optimal protection, whereas lower or higher amounts (0.5 or 50 mug/ mouse) of IFN-gamma failed to enhance protection.
3459. Differential immunogenicity of various heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens using DNA and viral vectors in healthy volunteers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Strong ex vivo IFN-gamma responses peaked 1 wk after the booster DOSE, but cultured ELISPOT assays revealed longer-lasting T cell memory responses for at least 6 mo
3460. Protective immunization against inhalational anthrax: a comparison of minimally invasive delivery platforms.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In mice, intradermal (id) delivery achieved up to 90% seroconversion after a single DOSE, compared with 20% after intramuscular (im) injection
- Intranasal (inl) delivery of a liquid formulation required 3 DOSEs to achieve responses that were comparable with those achieved via the id or im routes
3461. Live measles vaccine expressing the secreted form of the West Nile virus envelope glycoprotein protects against West Nile virus encephalitis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Passive administration with antisera to MVSchw-sE(WNV) prevented WNV encephalitis in BALB/c mice challenged with a high DOSE of WNV
3462. Multiple vaginal exposures to low doses of R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus: strategy to study HIV preclinical interventions in nonhuman primates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A nonhuman-primate model of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection that more closely emulates human heterosexual transmission by use of multiple exposures to low DOSEs of virus is critical to better evaluate intervention strategies that include microbicides or vaccines
- Results of DOSE-titration experiments indicated that 3 once-weekly exposures to 10 tissue culture infectious DOSEs of SHIV(SF162P3) resulted in consistent transmission of virus and establishment of systemic infection
3463. Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of a pre-erythrocytic malaria candidate vaccine, ICC-1132 formulated in Seppic ISA 720.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- as a single 50 microg DOSE in Seppic ISA 720 to 11 volunteers
- Other formulations and/or multi-DOSE regimens will be required to enhance the immunogenicity and efficacy of ICC-1132.
3464. Efficacy of RIX4414 live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in Finnish infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We randomly allocated 405 healthy infants to receive 2 DOSEs of vaccine or placebo (ratio 2:1) at approximately 2 and 4 months of age
- Rotavirus IgA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) seroconversion rate was 80% after 2 DOSEs
- To further increase vaccine "take" and efficacy, a higher DOSE of this vaccine may be considered for future efficacy trials.
3465. Disability among U.S. Army personnel vaccinated against anthrax.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Army personnel receiving > or =1 DOSE of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) between March 1998 and February 2002 were at higher risk of disability than unvaccinated personnel
3466. Comparative efficacy and immunogenicity of replication-defective, recombinant glycoprotein, and DNA vaccines for herpes simplex virus 2 infections in mice and guinea pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Both dl5-29 and gD2 were highly effective in attenuating acute and recurrent disease and reducing latent viral load, and both were superior to the plasmid vaccine alone or the plasmid vaccine followed by one DOSE of dl5-29
3467. Assessment of the immunological and biological efficacy of two different doses of a recombinant GnRH vaccine in domestic male and female cats (Felis catus).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This study has assessed the immunological and biological efficacy of two different DOSEs of a recombinant GnRH vaccine administered to intact domestic cats
- One of the four males (AJZ3) in the high DOSE group showed a more rapid decline in GnRH antibody titers and received an additional immunization at day 461
3468. [Thiomersal and immunisations].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It is generally well known that mercury and its compounds, including thiomersal, ethylmercury, and methylmercury, act as nephro- and neurotoxicants, however, at much higher DOSEs than used in vaccines
- In the 1990s the question of toxicity of thiomersal in vaccines was reassessed since the numbers of vaccines recommended for routine administration to infants and children, and therefore the cumulative thiomersal DOSE in children, increased in some countries
3469. Intranasal immunization with liposome-encapsulated plasmid DNA encoding influenza virus hemagglutinin elicits mucosal, cellular and humoral immune responses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A plasmid encoding influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) hemagglutinin (HA; pCI-HA10) was evaluated with respect to the mucosal, cellular and humoral immune responses generated and to its efficacy in protection against a challenge with a lethal DOSE of influenza
- Immunized mice were challenged with a lethal DOSE (5LD(50)) of influenza and monitored for survival
3470. Assessment of the efficacy of a single dose of a recombinant vaccine against West Nile virus in response to natural challenge with West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes in horses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine the onset of immunity after IM administration of a single DOSE of a recombinant canarypox virus vaccine against West Nile virus (WNV) in horses in a blind challenge trial
- In horses, a single DOSE of the recombinant canarypox virus-WNV vaccine appears to provide early protection against development of viremia after challenge with WNV-infected mosquitoes, even in the absence of measurable antibody titers in some horses
3471. Waning immunity to plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine and the need for boosters 15 years after neonatal vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After a single booster DOSE of HB vaccine, 2.7% in group A and 3.3% in group B remained anti-HBs-negative
3472. An evaluation of mycophage therapy, chemotherapy and vaccination for control of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An appraisal of recent experimental results suggests that neonatal vaccination with a defined DOSE of M
3473. Assessment of the risk of transmission of vaccine viruses by using insufficiently cleaned injection devices.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3474. The contraction phase of virus-specific CD8+ T cells is unaffected by a pan-caspase inhibitor.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The absence of effect cannot be attributed to a technical flaw, because identical DOSEs of zVAD were able to rescue mice from hepatocyte apoptosis and lethal intrahepatic hemorrhage, induced by inoculation of anti-Fas Ab
3475. Feasibility of influenza immunization for inner-city children aged 6 to 23 months.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Influenza vaccination rates for the 2002-2003 intervention season improved significantly from 6.5% to 38.5% for the first DOSE (p < 0.001)
- Second-DOSE rates were significantly improved over preintervention (1.9% preintervention, 13.2% intervention), but lower than first-DOSE rates
- The addition of a two-DOSE vaccine was not associated with delayed receipt of other vaccines among these children.
3476. Non-specific effects of vaccination on child survival: prospective cohort study in Burkina Faso.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The second DOSE of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis was not associated with lower mortality (0.80, 0.58 to 1.12)
3477. Live attenuated influenza vaccine induces cross-reactive antibody responses in children against an a/Fujian/411/2002-like H3N2 antigenic variant strain.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Serum antibody titers against the A/Panama/2007/99(H3N2) and A/Fujian/411/2002(H3N2)-like viruses were determined in children 6-35 months of age who received either 1 DOSE of the inactivated influenza vaccine or the live attenuated influenza vaccine containing the A/Panama strain
3478. Intranasal bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine dosage needs balancing between protection and lung pathology.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A pronounced BCG DOSE-dependent granulomatous infiltration of the lungs was observed following intranasal, but not after subcutaneous, vaccination
- Corresponding DOSEs of BCG, over a 100-fold range, imparted similar protection against H37Rv challenge when comparing the intranasal and subcutaneous vaccination routes
- Interestingly, a BCG DOSE-dependent reduction of the H37Rv challenge infection was observed in the lungs, but not in the spleens, following both intranasal and subcutaneous vaccination
3479. A polyvalent DNA vaccine expressing an ESAT6-Ag85B fusion protein protects mice against a primary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and boosts BCG-induced protective immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In short-term studies, vaccination with pE6/85 protected as well as Mycobacterium bovis BCG immunization with similar lung pathology and bacterial burdens detected 28 days after a low DOSE aerogenic challenge (>1.0 log(10) reduction relative to naïves)
3480. Efficacy of an Escherichia coli J-5 mutant strain bacterin in the protection of calves from endotoxin disease caused by subcutaneous challenge with endotoxins from Escherichia coli.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- coli were administered subcutaneously 3 weeks after the booster DOSE
- Disease severity following subcutaneous challenge was DOSE dependent
3481. Safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of Staphylococcus aureus types 5 and 8 capsular polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (StaphVAX) in hemodialysis patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The booster DOSE of StaphVAX was administered an average of 958 days (753-1167 days) after the first injection
3482. Efficacy of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine in prevention of infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: a randomised controlled trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We randomised 1113 women between 15-25 years of age to receive three DOSEs of either the vaccine formulated with AS04 adjuvant or placebo on a 0 month, 1 month, and 6 month schedule in North America and Brazil
3483. Safety and immunogenicity of a new chromatographically purified rabies vaccine in comparison to the human diploid cell vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Local safety data were collected for 7 days following each DOSE and systemic safety data for 42 days following the first DOSE
- All subjects achieved an antirabies antibody titer greater than or equal to the World Health Organization (WHO) accepted threshold level of seroconversion of 0.5 IU/mL after only two of three DOSEs of vaccine in both groups
- The percentage of subjects experiencing local reactions within 3 days after any DOSE ranged from 65.2% to 80.9% in the CPRV group and from 77.3% to 84.4% in the HDCV group
- The local reaction reported by the greatest percentage of subjects after each DOSE was pain/tenderness at the injection site, and most reactions were mild
- Systemic reactions decreased from 76.4% after DOSE 1 to 36.0% after DOSE 3 in the CPRV group, and similarly from 55.6% to 31.8% in the HDCV group
- For all postDOSE periods, the systemic reaction reported by the highest percentage of subjects was myalgia
3484. Potency of pertussis component in the DTP vaccine--an overview of three decade study in Poland.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Potency decrease in vaccine lots produced during 1992-1997 has been positively correlated to the lowering of the number of IOU/DOSE
3485. Superior therapeutic efficacy of alphavirus-mediated immunization against human papilloma virus type 16 antigens in a murine tumour model: effects of the route of immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The route of immunization also strongly influences the DOSE of viral vector needed to induce CTLs and tumour therapy
3486. Interleukin-12 redirects murine immune responses to soluble or aluminum phosphate adsorbed HSV-2 glycoprotein D towards Th1 and CD4+ CTL responses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Finally, adsorbing gD and IL-12 to AlPO4 decreased the optimal DOSE of IL-12 required to enhance gD immunogenicity and shift responses towards a Th1-like profile.
3487. Adult tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis immunization: knowledge, beliefs, behavior and anticipated uptake.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To anticipate adult coverage with a combined product containing tetanus (T) and diphtheria (d) toxoids and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine as a booster DOSE, we conducted a survey of households in British Columbia, Canada
3488. [Varicella vaccination].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Recent reports suggest that a booster DOSE or a two DOSEs regimen would be better for adequate immunisation in childhood
3489. A phase I open-label, dose-escalation, multi-institutional trial of injection with an E1B-Attenuated adenovirus, ONYX-015, into the peritumoral region of recurrent malignant gliomas, in the adjuvant setting.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The NABTT CNS Consortium conducted a DOSE-escalation trial of intracerebral injections of ONYX-015
- Cohorts of six patients at each DOSE level received DOSEs of vector from 10(7) plaque-forming units (pfu) to 10(10) pfu into a total of 10 sites within the resected glioma cavity
- The maximum tolerated DOSE was not reached at 10(10) pfu
- With more than 19 months of follow-up, 1/6 recipients at a DOSE of 10(9) and 2/6 at a DOSE of 10(10) pfu remain alive
- Injection of ONYX-015 into glioma cavities is well tolerated at DOSEs up to 10(10) pfu.
3490. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara immunization protects against lethal challenge with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing murine interleukin-4.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- challenge, 15 of 16 mice who were inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline developed lesions, one DOSE of intramuscularly administered MVA was partially protective (3 of 16 mice developed lesions), and the administration of two or three DOSEs of MVA was completely protective (0 of 16 mice developed lesions)
- Immunization with one or two DOSEs of MVA prevented illness and reduced virus titers in mice who were challenged with either vSC8 or vSC8-mIL4
- MVA induced a DOSE-related neutralizing antibody and vaccinia virus-specific CD8+-T-cell response
- Mice immunized with MVA were fully protected from a low-DOSE vSC8-mIL4 challenge despite a depletion of CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, or both T-cell subsets or an antibody deficiency
- CD4+- or CD8+-T-cell depletion reduced the protection against a high-DOSE vSC8-mIL4 challenge, and the depletion of both T-cell subsets was associated with severe illness and higher vaccinia virus titers
3491. Effect of dosage on immunogenicity of a Vi conjugate vaccine injected twice into 2- to 5-year-old Vietnamese children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two DOSEs of Vi-rEPA were injected 6 weeks apart
3492. Application of mycobacterial proteomics to vaccine design: improved protection by Mycobacterium bovis BCG prime-Rv3407 DNA boost vaccination against tuberculosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- tuberculosis DNA vaccine candidates identified by comparative proteome analysis were evaluated in the mouse model for protection against low-DOSE aerosol M
3493. Determinants of universal adolescent hepatitis B vaccine uptake.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This study of determinants of vaccine uptake among school based adolescents shows that living in areas of high deprivation, commonly associated with injecting drug risk behaviours, was the most important factor, with statistically significant lower odds of receiving three DOSEs
- This was less pronounced for receipt of two DOSEs
- Thus, there are implications for future policy; if universal vaccination is approved, a licensed two DOSE schedule would be most appropriate in this setting.
3494. Long-term immunity to poliovirus after vaccination of allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A total of 14 patients received a booster DOSE of an inactivated poliovirus vaccine and all responded
3495. 18-year follow-up study of a prospective randomized trial of hepatitis B vaccinations without booster doses in children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A total of 318 Chinese subjects receiving 3 different regimens of HBV vaccination (2-DOSE recombinant vs
- 3-DOSE recombinant vs
- 3-DOSE plasma-derived vaccines) without receiving a booster DOSE were recruited
- Compared with subjects receiving the 2-DOSE regimen, subjects receiving the 3 DOSE regimens had a significantly higher geometric mean titer of anti-HBs and a higher proportion had anti-HBs titers > or =10 mIU/mL during the 18 years of follow-up
- There were no differences in these 2 parameters between subjects receiving the 3-DOSE recombinant and subjects receiving the 3-DOSE plasma-derived vaccines
- There was less long-term immunogenicity associated with the 2-DOSE regimen when compared with the 3-DOSE regimens of HBV vaccination
- Because of the highly effective anamnestic responses, a booster DOSE was not necessary at least up to 18 years after the primary vaccination.
3496. The role of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting system (VAERS) in monitoring vaccine safety.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The investigation that resulted in the voluntary withdrawal of rotavirus vaccine was triggered by nine reports to VAERS of intussuception, eight of which had occurred within 1 week of the first DOSE of this vaccine
3497. What do we know about 7vPCV coverage in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The immunisation status of children in each birth cohort was assessed at 12 months for the third DOSE of 7vPCV vaccine
- The largest absolute number of 7vPCV DOSEs was given in Queensland, the Northern Territory and New South Wales
- As the 7vPCV program matured, a progressively higher proportion of total DOSEs was administered to children under the age of 12 months consistent with the introduction of the program
3498. Efficacy and safety studies on an inactivated vaccine against bluetongue virus serotype 2.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A booster DOSE was inoculated after 14 days and no side-effects were reported following vaccination
- Fourteen days after the booster DOSE, all vaccinated animals developed virus neutralising (VN) bluetongue (BT) antibody titres that on day 60 post vaccination ranged between 1/20 and 1/1 280
3499. Evaluation of an anti-rPA IgG ELISA for measuring the antibody response in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3500. Immunological properties and vaccine efficacy of murine dendritic cells simultaneously expressing melanoma-associated antigen and interleukin-12.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In addition, administration of gp100+IL12/DCs, which were prepared by a relatively low DOSE of AdRGD-IL12, could induce more potent tumor-specific cellular immunity in the murine B16BL6 melanoma model than vaccination with gp100/DCs
- However, antitumor effect and B16BL6-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in mice vaccinated with gp100+IL12/DCs diminished with increasing AdRGD-IL12 DOSE during gene transduction, and paralleled the decrease in presentation levels via MHC class I molecules for antigen transduced with another AdRGD
- Collectively, our results suggested that optimization of combined vector DOSE was required for development of a more efficacious DC-based vaccine for cancer immunotherapy, which relied on genetic engineering to simultaneously express tumor-associated antigen and IL-12.
3501. Combination of low-dose cisplatin and recombinant xenogeneic endoglin as a vaccine induces synergistic antitumor activities.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We explored the efficacy of a strategy combining low-DOSE cisplatin and a recombinant xenogeneic endoglin as a protein vaccine, which we previously demonstrated to have effective antiangiogenic effects in several mouse models
- Both antibodies and antibody-producing B cells against mouse self-endoglin were observed in all mice immunized by the xenogeneic endoglin vaccine (alone and combination), which suggested that low-DOSE cisplatin did not suppress the host immune response but potentiated the antitumor activity of the xenogeneic endoglin vaccine
3502. Evaluation of immunogenicity and protective properties of inactivated poliovirus vaccines: a new surrogate method for predicting vaccine efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3503. Evaluation of the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a DTPa-HBV-IPV Combination vaccine co-administered with a Hib conjugate vaccine either as a single injection of a hexavalent combination or as two separate injections at 3, 5 and 11 months of age.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Similar immune responses were observed in both groups 1 month after DOSE 2 as well as after DOSE 3
- Six months after DOSE 2 however, the proportion of subjects maintaining an anti-tetanus antibody concentration > or = 0.1 IU/ml was lower in Group 2 and a slight group difference in favour of Group 1 was also observed for anti-PRP, anti-diphtheria and anti-polio type 1 antibody persistence prior to the third DOSE
3504. Double-blind randomized efficacy field trial of alum precipitated autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine mixed with BCG against canine visceral leishmaniasis in Meshkin-Shahr district, I.R. Iran.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a single DOSE of aluminum hydroxide (alum) precipitated Leishmania major (Alum-ALM) vaccine plus BCG against canine visceral leishmaniasis
3505. Efficacy of immune sera from human immunoglobulin transgenic mice immunized with a peptide mimotope of Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- neoformans capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM), P13, and diphtheria toxoid (P13-DT) prolonged survival of transgenic mice with human immunoglobulin loci, XenoMouse mice, which were challenged with a lethal DOSE of C
3506. Measuring antibody responses to a live attenuated influenza vaccine in children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Sera were collected from 50 children 1-8 years of age before vaccination and 4-6 weeks after each DOSE of the LAIV
3507. Comparison of five-day cefdinir treatment with ten-day low dose amoxicillin/clavulanate treatment for acute otitis media.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The incidence of drug-related adverse events was less for cefdinir than for amoxicillin/clavulanate (24%, 50 of 211 versus 38%, 82 of 214; P = 0.0018) For children with nonrefractory AOM, based only on clinical endpoints, 5 days of therapy with cefdinir 14 mg/kg divided twice daily was comparable overall with 10 days of therapy with low DOSE amoxicillin/clavulanate 45/6.4 mg/kg divided twice daily.
3508. [Using surveys of schoolchildren to evaluate coverage with and opportunity for vaccination in Costa Rica].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Differences among the three areas were evaluated: (1) in the coverage with BCG; with three DOSEs of diphtheria-tetanuspertussis vaccine (DTP3); with three DOSEs of oral polio vaccine (OPV3); with the first DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR1); and with the second DOSE of MMR vaccine (MMR2) and (2) in the "opportunity" for the children having received DTP1 + OPV1 before 3 months of age, DTP3 + OPV3 before 7 months of age, and DTP4 + OPV4 + MMR1 before 24 months of age
- The percentage of schoolchildren with two or more DOSEs of measles vaccine was 98% in the urban area, 92% in the rural area, and 85% in the border area (P < 0.05)
- Follow-up campaigns for measles eradication have increased the coverage of the initial and booster DOSEs in all three areas, but the increase has been greatest in the urban area
3509. Intussusception and oral poliovirus vaccination: is there an association?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, to address the hypothesis that risk of intussusception is related to receipt of a particular DOSE of OPV, a larger study would be required.
3510. Protective efficacy of intranasal cold-adapted influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) vaccines comprised of egg- or cell culture-derived reassortants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a DOSE-ranging study, the protective vaccine DOSE for 50% of ferrets (PD50) was less than 1.2 x 10(4) pfu for the 25M/1 vaccine derived by recombination and amplification in MDCK cells
3511. Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: a retrospective cohort study in the United kingdom does not support a causal association.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Exposure was defined according to the number of DTP/DT DOSEs received by 3 and 4 months of age and also the cumulative age-specific DTP/DT exposure by 6 months
- Each DTP/DT DOSE of vaccine contains 50 microg of thimerosal (25 microg of ethyl mercury)
- Hazard ratios (HRs) for the disorders were calculated per DOSE of DTP/DT vaccine or per unit of cumulative DTP/DT exposure
- Only in 1 analysis for tics was there some evidence of a higher risk with increasing DOSEs (Cox's HR: 1.50 per DOSE at 4 months; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-2.20)
- Statistically significant negative associations with increasing DOSEs at 4 months were found for general developmental disorders (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.93), unspecified developmental delay (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.69-0.92), and attention-deficit disorder (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64-0.98)
3512. High-dose granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-producing vaccines impair the immune response through the recruitment of myeloid suppressor cells.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Although the minimal required GM-CSF DOSE produced by modified tumor cells to achieve a measurable antitumor effect is well known, no data examined whether an upper therapeutic limit may exist for this vaccination strategy
- Because recent data demonstrate an immunosuppressive effect of GM-CSF produced by growing tumors, we thus sought to determine whether high GM-CSF DOSEs administered in a vaccine formulation could impair antitumor immunity
- Using a vaccine strategy involving a GM-CSF-producing bystander cell line (B78H1-GM) admixed with autologous tumor, we assessed the impact of varying DOSEs of GM-CSF while maintaining a constant antigen DOSE
- Taken together, our data demonstrated the negative impact of supra-therapeutic vaccine DOSEs of GM-CSF and underscored the importance of identifying these critical variables in an effort to increase the therapeutic efficacy of tumor vaccines.
3513. Effect of a killed whole Neospora caninum tachyzoite vaccine on the crude abortion rate of Costa Rican dairy cows under field conditions.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The treatments were administered in two, 5-ml DOSEs 1 month apart, the first DOSE given between day 75 and 90 of gestation
3514. A plasmid encoding Japanese encephalitis virus PrM and E proteins elicits protective immunity in suckling mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Groups of 10 BALB/c mice (5-7 days old) were immunized twice via muscular injection with this DNA vaccine, an empty vector or PBS at an interval of 3 weeks, and were challenged with a lethal DOSE of JEV 3 weeks after the second inoculation
3515. The cholera toxin-derived CTA1-DD vaccine adjuvant administered intranasally does not cause inflammation or accumulate in the nervous tissues.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The potency of CTA1-DD was not a result of endotoxin contamination because more than a 50-fold higher DOSE of LPS was needed to achieve a similar enhancement
3516. Interim results from a national multicenter phase II trial of combination bacillus Calmette-Guerin plus interferon alfa-2b for superficial bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The BCG-N group (259) was treated with a 6-week induction course of standard DOSE BCG plus 50 million units of IFN followed by 3, 3-week maintenance cycles of reduced DOSE BCG (1/3 to 1/10) plus 50 million units IFN at 3, 9 and 15 months after induction
- The BCG-F group (231) was treated similarly except induction therapy began at a decreased (1/3 to 1/10) BCG DOSE
- Toxicity related dropout, treatment delay and/or further BCG DOSE reduction, and need for symptomatic drugs were similar
3517. Differential efficacy of vaccinia virus envelope proteins administered by DNA immunisation in protection of BALB/c mice from a lethal intranasal poxvirus challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The B5R DNA vaccine consistently produced 100% protection and exhibited greatest efficacy after three 50 microg intramuscular DOSEs in this model
- The B5R DNA vaccine induced a strong and consistent gamma interferon (IFNgamma) response in BALB/c mice given a single DNA vaccine DOSE
3518. Safety and immunogenicity of intranasal murine parainfluenza virus type 1 (Sendai virus) in healthy human adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We examined murine PIV-1 (Sendai virus, SeV) as a live, xenotropic vaccine for the closely related human PIV-1 in a phase I, DOSE escalation study in healthy adults
3519. PEG-PLA nanoparticles as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3520. Protection of mice against challenge with Bacillus anthracis STI spores after DNA vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3521. Comparative measles incidence among exposed military and nonmilitary persons in Anchorage, Alaska.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The authors conclude that a two-DOSE regimen of MMR vaccine is required to adequately protect individuals against measles.
3522. A phase I trial of DNA vaccination with a plasmid expressing prostate-specific antigen in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the biologically active DOSE, the vaccine was administered during five cycles in DOSEs of 100, 300 and 900 microg, with three patients in each cohort
- A PSA-specific cellular immune response, measured by IFN-gamma production against recombinant PSA protein, and a rise in anti-PSA IgG were detected in two of three patients after vaccination in the highest DOSE cohort
- No adverse effects (WHO grade >2) were observed in any DOSE cohort
- We demonstrate that DNA vaccination with a PSA-coding plasmid vector, given with GM-CSF and IL-2 to patients with prostate cancer, is safe and in DOSEs of 900 microg the vaccine can induce cellular and humoral immune responses against PSA protein.
3523. Assessment of humoral immunity to poliomyelitis, tetanus, hepatitis B, measles, rubella, and mumps in children after chemotherapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The administration of a booster DOSE after the completion of chemotherapy is a simple and cost-effective way to restore humoral immunity against most vaccine-preventable diseases.
3524. Induction of protective immunity against lethal anthrax challenge with a patch.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The level of systemic immunity and protection induced by TCI was comparable to that induced by intramuscular vaccination, and peak immunity could be achieved with only 2 DOSEs
3525. Intranasal vaccination against cutaneous leishmaniasis with a particulated leishmanial antigen or DNA encoding LACK.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- BALB/c mice that received two intranasal DOSEs of 10 microg of LaAg and were challenged 1 week postvaccination with L
- In contrast to the particulated LaAg, soluble LACK (10 microg/DOSE) had no effect
- Interestingly, LACK DNA (30 microg/DOSE), but not empty DNA, promoted rapid and durable protective immunity
3526. Efficacy of a live equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) strain C147 vaccine in foals with maternally-derived antibody: protection against EHV-1 infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Controlled challenge showed that a single intranasal DOSE of the vaccine afforded partial but significant protection against febrile respiratory disease, virus shedding and viraemia due to EHV-1 infection, despite virus-neutralising MDA
3527. Duration of hepatitis B immunity in low risk children receiving hepatitis B vaccinations from birth.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Those with nonprotective titers (<10 mIU/mL) received a booster DOSE
- Of those who did not have protective antibody titers, 61% (33 of 54) and 67% (8 of 12), respectively, responded to a booster DOSE
- Although most children showed immunologic memory, one-third failed to demonstrate an anamnestic response to a booster DOSE
- Additional long term studies of low risk infants are needed to determine duration of protection and the necessity for or timing of booster DOSEs.
3528. Early assessment of the efficacy of a human papillomavirus type 16 L1 virus-like particle vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3529. Outbreak of mumps in a vaccinated child population: a question of vaccine failure?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In Belgium, children are immunized against measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) in a two-DOSE schedule at the age of 15 months and 11 years
3530. The dl1520 virus is found preferentially in tumor tissue after direct intratumoral injection in oral carcinoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An open-label Phase II trial was devised in which a fixed DOSE of the virus was administered to 15 patients via a direct intertumoral injection before surgery for untreated oral squamous cell carcinoma
3531. Exosomes from plasmacytoma cells as a tumor vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Plasmacytoma cells were shown to release exosomes in vitro, and vaccination with a single DOSE (5 microg) of exosome protein protected 80% of mice against challenge with wild-type tumors
3532. Enhanced efficacy of melanoma vaccines in the absence of B lymphocytes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of Ad2/gp100 or Ad2/mTRP-2 inhibited the growth of established subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumors in B cell-deficient but not wild-type C57BL/6 mice
3533. Azithromycin is as effective as and better tolerated than erythromycin estolate for the treatment of pertussis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children who were 6 months to 16 years of age and had cough illness that was suspected to be or was culture confirmed as pertussis were randomized to azithromycin (10 mg/kg on day 1 and 5 mg/kg on days 2-5 as a single DOSE) or erythromycin estolate (40 mg/kg/day in 3 divided DOSEs for 10 days) with stratification by center
- For the safety analysis, all participants who received at least 1 DOSE of study drug were included
- In the azithromycin group, 90% of children took 100% of prescribed DOSEs, whereas only 55% of children in the erythromycin group took 100% of prescribed DOSEs
3534. Children who have received no vaccines: who are they and where do they live?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Undervaccinated children had received > or =1 DOSE of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, polio, measles, Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, or varicella vaccine but were not fully vaccinated
3535. [Serological surveillance on vaccine against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two weeks after the injection of the third DOSE, the sero-conversion rates by both immunofluorescent antibody test (IgG) and neutralization test were 100.0% (67/67) (95% CI: 96.3 - 100.0) and 44.4% (8/18)(95% CI: 22.0 - 69.0) with geometric mean titers (GMTs) 72.1 and 4.6 respectively
3536. Low dose BCG as adjuvant therapy for superficial bladder cancer and literature review.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) at low DOSEs has long been employed as prophylactic and therapeutic treatment for superficial cancer of the urinary bladder, aiming at reducing toxicity while maintaining efficacy
- A retrospective review was reported, together with a review of the literature with respect to a low DOSE BCG regimen
- Low DOSE BCG could be an alternative option of adjuvant therapy for superficial bladder cancer with acceptable toxicity and good compliance.
3537. Alum-precipitated autoclaved Leishmania major plus bacille Calmette-Guérrin, a candidate vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis: safety, skin-delayed type hypersensitivity response and dose finding in healthy volunteers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- From June 1999 to June 2000, we studied the safety and immunogenicity of different DOSEs of alum-precipitated ALM + BCG vaccine mixture administered intradermally to evaluate whether the addition of alum improved the immunogenicity of ALM
- Side effects were minimal for all DOSEs and confined to the site of injection
- On the basis of this study we suggest that 100 1 microg of leishmanial protein in the vaccine mixture is a suitable DOSE for future efficacy studies, as it induced the strongest DTH reaction following vaccination.
3538. [Pertussis in Poland in 2002].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Additional DOSE of pertussis vaccine was included in vaccination calendar for 2003.
3539. [Measles in Poland in 2002].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Eleven (32%) cases occurred in unvaccinated persons, 9 (27%) in persons who had received only one DOSE of the vaccine and 14 (41%) in those vaccinated with two DOSEs
- According to the immunization schedule these were children who should receive their first or subsequent DOSE of vaccine during the year 2002
3540. Doxorubicin and paclitaxel enhance the antitumor efficacy of vaccines directed against HER 2/neu in a murine mammary carcinoma model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The mice were treated 3 days later with a noncurative DOSE of either doxorubicin or paclitaxel, and the following day with a gene vaccine to HER2/neu
- Two more DOSEs of vaccine were given 14 days apart
- The results demonstrated that doxorubicin and paclitaxel, commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of breast cancer, when used at immunomodulating DOSEs augmented the antitumor efficacy of gene vaccines directed against HER2/neu
3541. Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of superficial bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One third DOSE seems as sufficient as a full DOSE BCG
3542. Immunogenicity of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in children with chronic liver disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A booster DOSE induced seroprotection in all children.
3543. Protective activity of group C anticapsular antibodies elicited in two-year-olds by an investigational quadrivalent Neisseria meningitidis-diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Measurement of group C antibody concentrations, avidity and bactericidal and passive protective activity in sera from 2-year-olds given 1 DOSE of MC-4 vaccine (N = 30) and 3-year-olds (N = 30) and adults (N = 26) given 1 DOSE of meningococcal polysaccharide (MPS-4) vaccine
3544. Postlicensure surveillance for pneumococcal invasive disease after use of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Northern California Kaiser Permanente.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- As of March 2003, 157,471 children had received 1 DOSE or more of PNCV7, but only 24% of those <2 years of age received all 4 DOSEs as a result of shortages of vaccine
3545. Can oral cholera vaccination play a role in controlling a cholera outbreak?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Control measures to limit the spread of a cholera outbreak in Pohnpei Island (Micronesia), included mass vaccination with the single-DOSE live-attenuated oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR as a potential adjunct measure
3546. [Efficacy and safety of a vaccine against human leptospirosis in Cuba].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccinations were given in the physicians' offices between February and July 1998, with an interval of 6 weeks between the two DOSEs
- A case was considered positive if a person who had received the two DOSEs of the vaccine became ill with leptospirosis more than 21 days after receiving the second DOSE, with the diagnosis confirmed through serological and microbiological methods
- Follow-up of local and systemic adverse reactions was carried out by the family physicians during the seven days after the application of each DOSE
3547. Risk factors for delay in age-appropriate vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Duration of delay was calculated for the DTP4, Polio3, MMR1 DOSEs and 4:3:1 series using age-appropriate vaccination standards; up-to-date status (i.e., whether or not a DOSE was received) was also determined
3548. Characterization of CD34+ progenitor-derived dendritic cells pulsed with tumor cell lysate for a vaccination strategy in children with malignant solid tumors and a poor prognosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The rationale for a phase I/II DC DOSE escalation study for high risk pediatric patients with extracranial solid tumors assessing safety, immunological and clinical efficacy of serial combined intranodal and subcutaneous injections of tumor cell lysate-pulsed autologous DCs is delineated.
3549. Phase II randomized study of vaccine treatment of advanced prostate cancer (E7897): a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- There was a trend favoring the treatment group that received a priming DOSE of rV-PSA
3550. Current status of live attenuated influenza virus vaccine in the US.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- CAIV-T consists of approximately 10(7) TCID50 per DOSE of each influenza A/H1N1, influenza A/H3N2, and influenza B vaccine strain
3551. Durable carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in colorectal carcinoma patients vaccinated with recombinant CEA and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Twenty-four resected CRC patients without macroscopic disease were immunized seven times with recombinant CEA at four different DOSE levels over a 12-month period
- No DOSE-response relationship was noted
3552. A single dose of killed Mycobacterium bovis BCG in a novel class of adjuvant (Novasome) protects guinea pigs from lethal tuberculosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3553. Safety and efficacy of immune-stimulating complex-based antigen delivery systems for neonatal immunisation against respiratory syncytial virus infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All were well tolerated in adults, but A + C ISCOMS proved lethal in neonates; A or C fractions alone were well tolerated by neonates up to the adult DOSE
3554. Pulmonary delivery of respiratory syncytial virus DNA vaccines using macroaggregated albumin particles.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Current methods to deliver DNA vaccines generally require repeated high DOSE intramuscular or intradermal administration for effectiveness
- In this study, we examine the efficacy of pulmonary DNA vaccination using low DOSE DNA vaccines encoding the RSV F glycoprotein conjugated to macroaggregated albumin (MAA-F)
3555. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor augmented hepatitis B vaccine protocol for rapid seroprotection in voluntary kidney donors.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This randomized controlled trial was carried out to investigate the efficacy of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) augmented double-DOSE vaccine protocol in voluntary kidney donors prior to donor nephrectomy
- Of the 54 donors studied, there was a significant (P<0.003) seroconversion in the GM-CSF group (82%) compared to the control group (37%), after a single immunization with double-DOSE recombinant hepatitis B vaccine by 4 wk
- GM-CSF augmented double-DOSE hepatitis B vaccine could be used in unvaccinated patients when a rapid response is desired.
3556. Childhood vaccine risk/benefit communication among public health clinics: a time-motion study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- VISs were given with every DOSE of vaccine administered in 89% of visits
3557. Evaluation of protective immunity in pigs following oral administration of an avirulent live vaccine of Lawsonia intracellularis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Pigs receiving a single DOSE of vaccine were protected when challenge exposed with virulent L
- intracellularis (at least 10(77) TCID50/DOSE)
3558. Immunogenicity of three recombinant hepatitis B vaccines administered to students in three doses containing half the antigen amount routinely used for adult vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- and Hepavax-Gene, Greencross Vaccine Corp.), administered intramuscularly to students aged 17 to 19 years in three 10- micro g DOSEs (corresponding to half the amount of antigen routinely used for adult vaccination) at intervals of one month between the first and second DOSE, and of four months between the second and third DOSE
- A total of 316 students non-reactive for any serological marker of hepatitis B virus infection were vaccinated: 77 (24.4%) with the Butang vaccine, 71 (22.5%) with Euvax-B, 85 (26.9%) with Hepavax-Gene and, for comparison, 83 (26.2%) with Engerix-B (GlaxoSmithKline), whose efficacy in young adults at the DOSE used here has been confirmed in previous studies
- Similar seroconversion rates (anti-HBs > 10 mIU/mL about one month after application of the third DOSE) were obtained for the Butang, Euvax-B, Hepavax-Gene and Engerix-B vaccines (96.2%, 98.6%, 96.5% and 97.6%, respectively)
- The geometric mean titers (GMT) of anti-HBs about one month after the third DOSE obtained with these vaccines were 727.78 +/- 6.46 mIU/mL, 2009.09 +/- 7.16 mIU/mL, 1729.82 +/- 8.85 mIU/mL and 2070.14 +/- 11.69 mIU/mL, respectively
- No spontaneous adverse effects attributable to the application of any DOSE of the four vaccines were reported.
3559. Developing and testing measures predictive of hepatitis A vaccination in a sample of men who have sex with men.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- EFA revealed five scales measuring beliefs about HAV vaccination, including: perceived barriers and benefits associated with HAV vaccination; perceived severity and susceptibility related to hepatitis A infection; and perceived self- efficacy to complete the two-DOSE vaccine series
3560. Anal cancer and its precursors in HIV-positive patients: perspectives and management.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Improvement may come by the following, determining ways to more accurately stage patients, such as endoanal ultrasound, sentinel lymph node sampling, or positron emission tomography scans; defining the role of cisplatin and whether it is indeed less toxic and equally or more effective; consideration of continuous protracted infusion of low-DOSE 5-FU; the optimum use of growth factors; and an evaluation of the role of conformal radiotherapy or the use of radio-protectants, such as amifostine
3561. [Immunopotency of the recombinant urease B subunit vaccine of Helicobacter pylori after intranasal administration to mice].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Only the levels of serum IgG of mice immunized with 20 microg DOSE were higher than those of mice immunized with 10 microg DOSE
3562. A phase I trial of idiotypic vaccination with HMFG1 in ovarian cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Patients received a priming DOSE of 25 mg of HMFG1 either intravenously or intraperitoneally, followed by up to six intradermal DOSEs of HMFG1 in 10% Alhydrogel at intervals of 1 month
- The three DOSE levels were 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 5 mg
- There were no serious adverse events at any DOSE level
- The trial confirmed that all DOSEs could be administered safely with minimal toxicity
- There were no significant differences in the levels of Ab2 generated by the different DOSEs of antibody
- Biosensor assays also demonstrated no difference in the affinity of Ab2 generated by different booster DOSEs of HMFG1
3563. Long-term efficacy of BCG vaccine in American Indians and Alaska Natives: A 60-year follow-up study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this trial, BCG vaccine efficacy persisted for 50 to 60 years, suggesting that a single DOSE of an effective BCG vaccine can have a long duration of protection.
3564. Immunogenicity and safety of a virosomal hepatitis A vaccine (Epaxal) in healthy toddlers and children in Chile.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this open study, 20 toddlers and 80 schoolchildren received an intramuscular DOSE of Epaxal and a booster DOSE 12 mo later to assess the efficacy and safety of this aluminium-free, virosomal hepatitis A vaccine
3565. A single vaccination with protein-microspheres elicits a strong CD8 T-cell-mediated immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen Mtb8.4.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunization of mice with a single DOSE of this Mtb8.4-microsphere formulation resulted in both humoral and cellular responses against Mtb8.4
- These results demonstrate the efficacy of a single DOSE protein-microsphere vaccine for the induction of strong cell-mediated and humoral immune responses against M
3566. Associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and very high levels of measles antibody following vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We studied the association between antibody levels after measles vaccination and HLA class I and II alleles among 170 US schoolchildren who received one DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella II vaccine
3567. Recombinant canarypoxvirus vaccine carrying the prM/E genes of West Nile virus protects horses against a West Nile virus-mosquito challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the first trial, a DOSE titration study was conducted to evaluate both serum neutralising antibody responses to WNV and duration of immunity
- Twenty-eight adult horses received two DOSEs of vCP2017 administered intramuscularly at 5-week intervals and sixteen horses comprised age-matched non-vaccinated controls
- Results from these studies demonstrated that a primary course of two DOSEs of vCP2017 provides both antibody response and an early immunity in horses against WNV viremia.
3568. Efficacy and side effects of intradermal hepatitis B vaccination in CAPD patients: a comparison with the intramuscular vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The ID group was treated with 5 microg of recombinant HBV vaccine intradermally every week for a total of 10 DOSEs, and the intramuscular (IM) group, with 20 microg intramuscularly at 0, 1, and 6 months
- The cumulative seroconversion rate was significantly greater with ID vaccination by 6 months after the first vaccine DOSE (P = 0.03)
3569. Population immunity to measles in the United States, 1999.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To estimate immunity from vaccine coverage data, 95% vaccine efficacy was used for recipients of a single DOSE at >or=12 years of age and 99% vaccine efficacy was used for those with failure of a first DOSE who were revaccinated
3570. Incremental effectiveness of 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine compared with 1 dose among high school students during an outbreak.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A measles outbreak occurred among a highly vaccinated population in Alaska during 1998, providing an opportunity to determine the incremental efficacy of >or=2 DOSEs of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) compared with 1 DOSE
- Of 33 confirmed case patients identified, 31 had been vaccinated with 1 DOSE of MCV, 1 had received 2 DOSEs, and vaccination status was unknown in 1 case
- Of 3679 students attending the 2 schools, 50.4% and 45.5% had received >or=2 DOSEs of MCV before measles introduction at the schools
- The relative risk of developing measles among persons vaccinated with >or=2 DOSEs of MCV compared with 1 DOSE was 0.06 (95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.44; P<.001), yielding an estimated incremental vaccine efficacy of 94.1% (95% confidence interval, 55.9%-99.2%; P<.001)
- Rapid implementation of a mandatory second-DOSE MCV requirement probably limited the extent of this outbreak.
3571. NY-ESO-1 protein formulated in ISCOMATRIX adjuvant is a potent anticancer vaccine inducing both humoral and CD8+ t-cell-mediated immunity and protection against NY-ESO-1+ tumors.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3572. Effect of specific immunotherapy added to pharmacologic treatment and allergen avoidance in asthmatic patients allergic to house dust mite.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The addition of specific immunotherapy had no significant effects on the cumulative DOSE of inhaled corticosteroids, asthma symptoms, lung volumes, or bronchial responsiveness to methacholine
3573. [Immunotherapy of Alzheimer's disease. Results of experimental investigations and treatment of perspectives].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The intensity of the immune response depended on transgenic animals genotype, DOSE, frequency and route of immunogen administration
3574. The introduction of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and child mortality in rural Guinea-Bissau: an observational study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The MR was 1.81 (95% CI: 0.95, 3.45) for the first DOSE of DTP and 4.36 (95% CI: 1.28, 14.9) for the second and third DOSE
3575. Safety and efficacy of chimeric yellow Fever-dengue virus tetravalent vaccine formulations in nonhuman primates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of four different tetravalent formulations were evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys following a single-DOSE subcutaneous vaccination followed by a virulent virus challenge 6 months later
- All monkeys developed low levels of viremia postimmunization, and all the monkeys that had received equal concentrations of either a high-DOSE (5,5,5,5) or a low-DOSE (3,3,3,3) formulation seroconverted against all four DEN virus serotypes
3576. Comparative susceptibility of chickens and turkeys to avian influenza A H7N2 virus infection and protective efficacy of a commercial avian influenza H7N2 virus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Experimentally, turkeys were more susceptible than chickens to H7N2 virus infection, with 50% bird infectious DOSE titers equal to 10(0.8) and 10(2.8-3.2), respectively
- The protective effect of vaccination correlated with the level of virus-specific antibody because a second DOSE of vaccine increased antiviral serum immunoglobulin G and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) reactivity titers in two different turkey age groups
3577. Immunogenicity, reactogenicity and adherence with hepatitis A vaccination among drug users.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After the first DOSE of hepatitis A vaccine, 37% of subjects seroconverted
- Further studies among drug users are needed to explore the efficacy and immunogenicity of higher DOSEs or alternative schedules of HAV vaccine.
3578. Pneumonia in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children in developing countries: epidemiology, clinical features, and management.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- New advances in therapy include the use of short-course antibiotics and high-DOSE amoxicillin twice daily for ambulatory treatment of HIV-negative children with pneumonia
3579. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage among infants born to women without prenatal screening for hepatitis B virus infection: effects of the Joint Statement on Thimerosal in Vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- As a result of controversy about mercury exposures from vaccines containing thimerosal, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the US Public Health Service recommended in July 1999 that the first DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine be deferred until 2 to 6 months of age, but only for infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative women
3580. Comparison of immunogenicity and tolerability of a virosome-adjuvanted and a split influenza vaccine in children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The subjects, 453 children ages 6 to 71 months, were stratified into primed and unprimed and age groups (6 to 35 and 36 to 71 months) and then randomized 1:1 to receive virosome-adjuvanted (n = 224) or split influenza vaccine (n = 229), a half or full DOSE was given intramuscularly according to age
- Unprimed children received a second DOSE after 4 weeks
3581. Risk factors for invasive disease among children in Spain.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- meningitidis, there is a DOSE-response relationship; if more than 60 cigarettes are smoked daily at home, the aOR is 3.61 (95% CI 1.04-12.57)
3582. Vaccination with inactivated murine gammaherpesvirus 68 strongly limits viral replication and latency and protects type I IFN receptor knockout mice from a lethal infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of note, the inactivated MHV-68 vaccine completely protected type I IFN receptor knockout mice from the infection with a lethal DOSE of MHV-68.
3583. Progressive decrease of hepatitis B in a cohort of drug users followed over a period of 15 years: the impact of anti-HBV vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 442 (49.4%) were negative to HBV markers at the first control and 72.4% received at least 1 DOSE of the vaccine
- 320 DUs were vaccinated and a total of 995 DOSEs of recombinant vaccine were administered
3584. Immunization coverage levels among 19- to 35-month-old children in 4 diverse, medically underserved areas of the United States.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Community-wide up-to-date (UTD) immunization coverage levels at 19 to 35 months of age, defined as receipt of 4 DOSEs of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, 3 DOSEs of poliovirus vaccine, 1 DOSE of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, 3 DOSEs of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine, and 3 DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine (the 4:3:1:3:3 series)
3585. Safety and efficacy of a modified-live canine coronavirus vaccine in dogs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For the safety test, four dogs were inoculated, two by intramuscular and two by oronasal route, with 10 times the vaccinal DOSE
3586. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin is superior to mitomycin C in reducing tumour recurrence in high-risk superficial bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The seventh trial (in abstract form only) used BCG in low DOSEs for two arms of the trial (27 mg and 13.5 mg) compared with a standard DOSE of mitomycin C (30 mg), and reported a significantly lower recurrence rate with BCG (27 mg) than for mitomycin C (P = 0.001)
3587. Aventis Pasteur vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis A virus: a compilation of immunogenicity data.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- As with other licensed inactivated hepatitis A vaccines, immunological priming is achieved in virtually all vaccinees after a single-DOSE primary immunization, and it may be reinforced by a booster vaccination administered 6-36 months after the primary vaccination.
3588. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-induced interleukin-12 did not additionally improve clinical and immunologic parameters in asthmatic children treated with sublingual immunotherapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After a run-in period of 8 weeks, patients were randomized to receive either SLIT only (n=16) or one DOSE of BCG immunization before initiation of SLIT (n=16) with a standardized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D
3589. Safety, immunogenecity, and efficacy of an autoclaved Leishmania amazonensis vaccine plus BCG adjuvant against New World cutaneous leishmaniasis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The safety, immunogenecity, and efficacy of two DOSEs of an autoclaved-killed, whole cell Leishmania amazonensis vaccine (IFLA/BR/67/PH8) and BCG adjuvant (n = 750) against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) was compared with placebo (n = 756) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded study
- Leishmanin skin test (LST) conversion was greater in the vaccine than placebo group 2 months after the second vaccination DOSE (74.4% versus 14.7%; P = 0.000001)
3590. The cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Australia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The discounted cost per death avoided is $ 5.0 million, per life-year saved $ 230,130 and per DALY averted $ 121,100, giving a break-even vaccine price of $ 15.40 per DOSE
- These estimates are most sensitive to the unit cost per DOSE of vaccine, estimates of incidence and vaccine efficacy against non-bacteraemic pneumonia and the discount rate
- With a vaccine price of $ 90 per DOSE, mid-range estimates of impact against non-bacteraemic pneumonia, and discount rate of 5%, a PCV7 program for infants not at high risk of IPD is at the upper limit of cost per DALY previously approved under Australian pharmaceutical funding guidelines
3591. Aerosol infection of cynomolgus macaques with enzootic strains of venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the present study, cynomolgus macaques, after aerosol exposure to either VEEV-IE or VEEV-IIIA, developed fever, viremia, and lymphopenia; the severity of the fever response, viremia, and lymphopenia correlated with the inhaled DOSE of VEEV
3592. Novel systemic therapies for breast cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3593. Repeated low-dose mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 challenge results in the same viral and immunological kinetics as high-dose challenge: a model for the evaluation of vaccine efficacy in nonhuman primates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To ensure that all macaques become infected, the vaccinees and controls are exposed to large DOSEs of pathogenic SIV
- These nonphysiological high-DOSE challenges may adversely affect vaccine evaluation by overwhelming potentially efficacious vaccine responses
- To determine whether a more physiologically relevant low-DOSE challenge can initiate infection and cause disease in Indian rhesus macaques, we used a repeated low-DOSE challenge strategy designed to reduce the viral inoculum to more physiologically relevant DOSEs
- In an attempt to more closely mimic challenge with HIV, we administered repeated mucosal challenges with 30, 300, and 3,000 50% tissue culture infective DOSEs (TCID(50)) of pathogenic SIVmac239 to six animals in three groups
- Mortality, humoral immune responses, and peak plasma viral kinetics were similar in five of six animals, regardless of challenge DOSE
- Interestingly, macaques challenged with lower DOSEs of SIVmac239 developed broad T-cell immune responses as assessed by ELISPOT assay
- This low-DOSE repeated challenge may be a valuable tool in the evaluation of potential vaccine regimes and offers a more physiologically relevant regimen for pathogenic SIVmac239 challenge experiments.
3594. [The study for the immuno-protection of E. coli O157:H7 outer membrane protein].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the protective efficacy against a lethal DOSE of E
- The results of the protective efficacy after challenge showed that both intranasal and oral immunizations with OMP provided significant protection (86.7% to 40%, P < 0.01 and 73.3% to 40%, P < 0.05) against a lethal DOSE of E
3595. Sexually transmissible infections other than HIV.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Single-DOSE oral azithromycin has improved the treatment of several bacterial STIs, but quinolones are rapidly becoming ineffective for gonorrhoea
3596. Efficacy of oral active ether lipid analogs of cidofovir in a lethal mousepox model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Octadecyloxyethyl-CDV appeared to be the most potent CDV analog as a DOSE regimen of 5 mg/kg started 4 h following challenge completely blocked virus replication in spleen and liver, and protected 100% of A/NCR mice, although oral, unmodified CDV was inactive
3597. Leishmania donovani-derived lipophosphoglycan plus BCG induces a Th1 type immune response but does not protect Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and BALB/c mice against Leishmania donovani.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Following a triple vaccination with a total DOSE of 150 microl BCG plus 60 microg or 30 microg of LPG for hamsters and BALB/c mice respectively, there were no noticeable side effects both locally and systemically; implying that the molecule was safe at this dosage level
3598. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene-modified autologous tumor vaccines in non-small-cell lung cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Longer survival was observed in patients receiving vaccines secreting GM-CSF at more than 40 ng/24 h per 10(6) cells (median survival = 17 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6 to 23 months) than in patients receiving vaccines secreting less GM-CSF (median survival = 7 months, 95% CI = 4 to 10 months) (P =.028), suggesting a vaccine DOSE-related survival advantage.
3599. Maximum likelihood methods for nonignorable missing responses and covariates in random effects models.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This article analyzes quality of life (QOL) data from an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) melanoma trial that compared treatment with ganglioside vaccination to treatment with high-DOSE interferon
- Our results indicate that a patient treated with the vaccine has a higher QOL score on average at a given time point than a patient treated with high-DOSE interferon.
3600. [New perspectives in viral vaccines].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At the same time, use of different immunizing antigens within a single DOSE is also expected to grow more common, with the purpose of reducing the number of vaccinations administered to target populations
3601. Safety of cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccine in a large cohort of children and adolescents.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children <9 years of age received a second DOSE of CAIV or placebo 28 to 42 days after the first DOSE
- The relative risk and the 2-sided 90% confidence interval were calculated for each diagnostic group and individual category by clinical setting, DOSE and age
3602. Ten year follow-up of healthy children who received one or two injections of varicella vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The rate of varicella and persistence of varicella antibody after a one DOSE vs
- a two DOSE regimen of varicella virus vaccine live Oka/Merck (VARIVAX; Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA) in approximately 2000 children were compared during a 9- to 10-year follow-up period
- The two DOSE regimen was significantly more effective than a single injection.
3603. Safety and immunogenicity of a three dose regimen of two tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccines in five- to twelve-year-old Thai children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The safety and immunogenicity of tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccines after a three DOSE vaccination series were evaluated in Thai children
- One hundred three healthy flavivirus-seronegative schoolchildren ages 5 to 12 years were randomized to receive either dengue vaccine containing 3, 2, 1 and 2 log10 of the 50% cell culture infective DOSE, respectively, of the live-attenuated dengue vaccine serotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 per DOSE (F3212; n = 40) or 3, 3, 1 and 3 log10 of the 50% cell culture infective DOSE (F3313; n = 42) or purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (control group; n = 21) given in a two DOSE schedule (3 to 5 months apart)
- A third DOSE was administered 8 to 12 months after the second DOSE to 90 subjects
- Most children experienced mild to moderate fever, rash, headache and myalgia occurring within 12 days after DOSE 1 and generally lasting 3 days or less
- Reactogenicity was minimal after DOSEs 2 and 3
- Transient mild variations in liver enzymes and hematologic indices were noted mainly after DOSE 1
- After the third DOSE 89% of the subjects in Group F3212 seroconverted (neutralizing antibody response, > or =10) to all four serotypes, and all children in Group F3313 seroconverted
- This study demonstrates a moderate although improvable reactogenicity and high seroconversion rates against the four serotypes of dengue after a three DOSE schedule of tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccine in children.
3604. Tolerability and immunogenicity of an eleven valent mixed carrier Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide-diphtheria toxoid or tetanus protein conjugate vaccine in Finnish and Israeli infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After each DOSE approximately 30% of the vaccinees experienced local reactions of which pain was the most common
3605. Modeling partially effective HIV vaccines in vitro.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We then modeled partially effective postvaccination immune status 4 ways: use of PBMCs from highly exposed, uninfected individuals; depletion and partial reconstitution of autologous CD8+ cells from PBMCs from HIV-positive long-term nonprogressors; partial blocking of infection with chemokines; and variation in challenge virus DOSE
- IVCA could detect as little as 3-fold differences in the challenge titer (30, 10, and 3 50% tissue-culture infective DOSEs) or odds ratio of HIV infection
3606. Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a live, quadrivalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine in healthy infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During 1993 to 1994, at 10 US study sites, 439 healthy infants approximately 2 to 6 months of age, were enrolled to receive 3 DOSEs of oral QRV or placebo at approximately 8-week intervals
- Risk differences and 95% confidence intervals suggested no differences between vaccine and placebo recipients in the incidences of fever, irritability, vomiting, or diarrhea during the 14 days after any DOSE
3607. Preferences and willingness to pay for health states prevented by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Incorporating time trade-off amounts into the existing economic model for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine resulted in cost-effectiveness ratios <10 000 dollars per quality-adjusted life year at a vaccine cost of 58 dollars per DOSE
3608. Safety and efficacy of live attenuated, cold-adapted, influenza vaccine-trivalent.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The proposed vaccine administration schedule for healthy individuals aged 9 to 49 years is a single DOSE administered annually before the winter
- For children aged 5 to 8 years, two DOSEs are recommended the first year they are immunized with CAIV-T to ensure protection against all strains contained in the vaccine
3609. High dose interleukin-12 exacerbates Bordetella pertussis infection and is associated with suppression of cell-mediated immunity in a murine aerosol challenge model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study we have treated mice with escalating DOSEs of mIL-12 (0.1-10 microg/mouse) prior to challenge with B
- In addition, the direct effects of high-DOSE IL-12 on challenged mice was assessed by checking natural killer (NK) activity from isolated lung and spleen lymphoid cells as well as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) generation from isolated cells and serum at day 1 post-challenge
- The results from this study show that bacterial colonization of the lungs is actually enhanced following treatment with high-DOSE IL-12
3610. Phase I trial of large multivalent immunogen derived from melanoma lysates in patients with disseminated melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Because we expected little toxicity, we first treated 2 patients at each DOSE level, 10-, 30-, or 100-million tumor cell equivalents on weeks 0, 4, and 8, and subsequently randomized the remaining 13 patients to receive treatment with one of those dosage schedules, for a total of 19 patients
3611. A vaccination strategy for the long-term suppression of androgens in advanced prostate cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This study examines the efficacy and tolerability of 3 and 15 micrograms of D17DT in 12 patients with advanced prostate cancer to establish a DOSE-response relationship
3612. Aerosol exposure of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to Mycobacterium bovis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- bovis or 6 x 10(2) to 1.6 x 10(3) CFU (low DOSE, n = 8) of M
- Tuberculous lesions were more widely disseminated in (leer receiving the high DOSE, while lesions in deer receiving the low DOSE were more focused on the lungs and associated lymph nodes (tracheobronchial and mediastinal)
3613. Comparative evaluation of measles, mumps & rubella vaccine at 9 & 15 months of age.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The pre-vaccination blood sample was taken and each child was administered a single DOSE of trivalent MMR vaccine
3614. Impact of conventional chemotherapy on levels of antibodies against vaccine-preventable diseases in children treated for cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3615. New therapies for chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3616. Vaccines for birch pollen allergy based on genetically engineered hypoallergenic derivatives of the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- BALB/c mice were immunized either with courses of nine injections of increasing DOSEs of Al(OH)3-adsorbed rBet v 1 wild-type, rBet v 1 fragments, rBet v 1 trimer or Al(OH)3 alone in weekly intervals or with three high-DOSE injections applied in intervals of 3 weeks
3617. A pharmacoeconomic evaluation of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Spain.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At a vaccine cost up to Euros 56.87 per DOSE (ESP9,462, the total cost of vaccinating a birth cohort of 360000 will be offset by the total savings owing to reduced morbidity
- At an assumed cost of Euros 48.56 (ESP8080) per DOSE, PCV-7 vaccination of Spanish children under the age of 5, followed over a 10-year period, is cost saving from the societal perspective and cost-effective from the payer perspective at Euros 22500 per LYG (ESP3,734713), comparing favorably with other preventive programs in Spain.
3618. Cryptobia (Trypanoplasma) salmositica and salmonid cryptobiosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Acquired immunity is another option; a single DOSE of the attenuated live vaccine protects fish for at least 2 years
3619. Safety and efficacy of an experimental reovirus vaccine for in ovo administration.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A commercial reovirus vaccine alone or experimental reovirus vaccine plus antibody complex were inoculated into 18-day-old specific pathogen free (SPF) broiler embryos at 0.1 of the recommended chick DOSE
3620. [Use of guinea pigs for assessing the efficacy of vaccines against Lassa fever].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An adapted variant of Lassa virus was cultivated, which caused death of guinea pigs with respect for an agent's DOSE
3621. Direct and total effectiveness of the intranasal, live-attenuated, trivalent cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine against the 2000-2001 influenza A(H1N1) and B epidemic in healthy children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Healthy children, aged 1.5 to 18 years, from the intervention communities received a single DOSE of CAIV-T at least 1 time or more in 1998, 1999, and/or 2000
- The 616 recipients of a single CAIV-T DOSE in 1999 only, including those younger than 5 years with no prior natural exposure to influenza A(H1N1) viruses, showed persistent protection
3622. Use of birth certificates and surveillance data to characterize reported pertussis among Texas infants and young children, 1995 to 2000.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Most children had not been vaccinated (275 [66%]), even though 374 (90%) were old enough for at least one DOSE
- More than two-thirds of the children reported as pertussis cases were old enough to have at least one DOSE of a pertussis-containing vaccine but were not immunized
3623. Blocking of transmission to mosquitoes by antibody to Plasmodium vivax malaria vaccine candidates Pvs25 and Pvs28 despite antigenic polymorphism in field isolates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All inhibition occurred in an antibody DOSE dependent fashion
3624. Immunotherapy of Trypanosoma cruzi infection with DNA vaccines in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- BALB/c mice were infected with a lethal DOSE (5 x 10(4) parasites) as a model of acute infection, and then they were treated with two injections of 100 microg of plasmid DNA 1 week apart, beginning on day 5 postinfection
- DNA vaccine immunotherapy was also evaluated in CD1 mice infected with a low DOSE (5 x 10(2) parasites) as a model of chronic infection
3625. Safety and antigenicity of whole virus and subunit influenza A/Hong Kong/1073/99 (H9N2) vaccine in healthy adults: phase I randomised trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two DOSEs of 7.5 microg, 15 microg, or 30 microg haemagglutinin influenza A H9N2 vaccine, were given 3 weeks apart
- 24 of 60 prevaccination serum samples had unexpected reactivity to H9N2, but only in participants older than 32 years, in whom one DOSE of either vaccine evoked antibody responses associated with protection
- In participants aged 32 years or younger, antibody responses to one DOSE of whole virus or subunit vaccine were poor, fulfilling none of the criteria used for yearly relicensing of interpandemic vaccines
- Two DOSEs of subunit or whole virus vaccine would leave a large proportion of the naive population (< or =32 years) unprotected against A/Hong Kong/1073/99 (H9N2)
- Primed patients should be protected with a single DOSE of either vaccine.
3626. Kawasaki disease in an infant following immunisation with hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We here describe a 35-day-old infant who developed Kawasaki disease 1 day after receiving his second DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine
3627. Phenotypic and functional maturation of tumor antigen-reactive CD8+ T lymphocytes in patients undergoing multiple course peptide vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3628. The automated bioaerosol exposure system: preclinical platform development and a respiratory dosimetry application with nonhuman primates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The results of the SEB exposure demonstrated the utility of using the ABES to generate consistently accurate and precise inhalation DOSE
- Taken together, the results of the sham and toxin challenge experiments demonstrate that the dosimetry function of the ABES improves the precision and accuracy of inhaled DOSE delivery and calculation as compared to predictive WBP conducted before the exposure
3629. Bacillus Calmete-Guérin plus interferon-alpha2B intravesical therapy maintains an extended treatment plan for superficial bladder cancer with minimal toxicity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thirty-two patients with superficial bladder cancer underwent 6 weekly treatments with full-, one-third, or one-tenth-DOSE of BCG plus 50 or 100 MU of IFN-alpha2B based on prior BCG exposure and tolerance
3630. Impact of routine vaccination with a conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We estimated >97% effectiveness for all three DOSEs of vaccine and observed herd-immunity in unvaccinated children comparable to a vaccine effectiveness of 94% 3.5 years into the programme
3631. [Effectiveness of passive immunisation against respiratory syncytium virus in a group of premature infants with birth weight below 1000 grams].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3632. Allergic disease at the age of 7 years after pertussis vaccination in infancy: results from the follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of 3 vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Furthermore, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis was more common in children who were initially immunized with the 2-component pertussis vaccine and received a booster DOSE with an acellular vaccine compared with those who received no booster vaccination (relative risk, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-12.0)
3633. Induction of T-cell immunity against leukemia by dendritic cells pulsed with total RNA isolated from leukemia cells.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination of naive mice with viable DCs/RNA vaccine was able to partly protect from challenge with a lethal DOSE of live L615 cells, leading to low leukemia incidence and overall survival prolongation
- Statistically significant survival was also observed in a low lethal DOSE of L615-bearing mice that received treatment using viable DCs/RNA vaccine alone, suggesting that systemic administration of IL-2 could enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of leukemia RNA/DCs vaccine
3634. Hepatitis B virus infection risk factors and immunity among sexually transmitted disease clinic clients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Only 130 (19.1%) of all participants reported receiving at least one DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine
3635. Multispecific vaccine-induced mucosal cytotoxic T lymphocytes reduce acute-phase viral replication but fail in long-term control of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The present study suggests that multispecific mucosal CTL, in the absence of neutralizing antibodies, can achieve a modicum of control over early viral replication but are unable to control chronic-phase viral replication after a high-DOSE mucosal challenge with a pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus.
3636. Vaccine efficacy of a cell lysate with recombinant baculovirus-expressed feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus nucleocapsid protein against progression of FIP.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When these vaccinated cats were challenged with a high DOSE of heterologous FIPV, the survival rate was 75% (6/8), while the survival rate in the control group immunized with SF-9 cell-derived antigen was 12.5% (1/8)
3637. Pilot study of the safety and effect of intranasal delipidated acid-treated Mycobacterium vaccae in adult asthma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thirty-seven adults with stable moderately severe asthma who were skin prick test-positive to house dust mite were randomized to receive two DOSEs 2 weeks apart of delipidated acid-treated M
- vaccae (first DOSE 0.4 mg and second DOSE 0.8 mg) or phosphate buffered saline, given as drops intranasally
3638. Immune response measured in human volunteers vaccinated with autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine mixed with low dose of BCG.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The immune responses induced against Leishmania antigens in volunteers who were vaccinated in a double-blind, randomized field efficacy trial of a preparation of autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) mixed with a low DOSE of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG) who developed either a cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesion due to exposure to infected sandfly bite(s) or did not develop a lesion during the course of the trial were studied and compared with those of non-vaccinated controls
- The vaccinated volunteers had received a single DOSE of either ALM mixed with a low DOSE of BCG or the same DOSE of BCG alone
- The data suggest that a single DOSE of ALM + BCG induces a weak Th1 response in vaccinated volunteers that is far lower than that in volunteers with prior subclinical infection or volunteers with history of CL, who are presumed to be immune.
3639. [Viruses without boundaries--risk of rabies during travel].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three DOSEs of a cell culture vaccine on days 0.7 and 21 or 28, followed by another DOSE on day 365, provide a basic protection which needs to be boostered by 2-3 DOSEs after each potential rabies contact
3640. Individual analysis of mice vaccinated against a weakly immunogenic self tumor-specific antigen reveals a correlation between CD8 T cell response and antitumor efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3641. Neurovirulence of yellow fever 17DD vaccine virus to rhesus monkeys.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine has excellent records of efficacy and safety and is cheap, used as a single DOSE, and there are well-established production methodology and quality control procedures which include the monkey neurovirulence test (MNTV)
3642. Comparative efficacy of various chemical stabilizers on the thermostability of a live-attenuated peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Reconstitution of vaccine with distilled water or 1M MgSO(4) or 0.85% NaCl maintained the required virus titre (2.5log(10)TCID(50) per DOSE) up to 8h at 37 degrees C and 7h at 45 degrees C
3643. Staphylococcus aureus vaccine conjugate--Nabi: Nabi-StaphVAX, StaphVAX.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This trial is administering a second DOSE of Nabi-StaphVAX to 100 patients enrolled in the phase III trial
3644. Upper respiratory tract immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Moreover, factors like the DOSE, form of application, and type of mucosal adjuvants are critical to the induction of effective mucosal immunity
3645. The efficacy of a bivalent vaccine against pasteurellosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSEs exceeding 2 haemagglutinating units (HU) of viral antigen were sufficient to protect rabbits against infection with RHDV
- The bivalent vaccine appeared to be safe for use in all age groups of rabbits, including pregnant females, even after treatment with 20 times the normal vaccine DOSE
3646. Efficacy of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as a vaccine adjuvant for hepatitis B virus in patients with HIV infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- They received a double DOSE (40 microg) of recombinant HBV vaccine IM at 0, 1 and 6 months and were randomized to receive either concurrent 20 microg of GM-CSF (n=40) or placebo IM (n=40) with the first vaccine DOSE
- A significant increase in the seroconversion rate was observed after the second vaccine DOSE in the GM-CSF group (62% GM-CSF versus 30% control group P<0.0074)
3647. A prospective, Internet-based study of the effectiveness and safety of influenza vaccination in the 2001-2002 influenza season.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The respective vaccine efficacy in the 0-15 years group for the one- and two-DOSE regimens was 67.6 and 84.5% for ILI and 54.0 and 79.8% for laboratory-confirmed influenza
- These results suggest that influenza vaccination is effective for children and adults and that a two-DOSE regimen is superior to a single DOSE in children 0-15 years.
3648. Standardization of an inactivated H17N1 avian influenza vaccine and efficacy against A/Chicken/Italy/13474/99 high-pathogenicity virus infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A correlation between the amount of hemagglutinin (HA) per DOSE of vaccine and the protection against clinical signs of disease and infection by A/Chicken/Italy/13474/99 highly pathogenic (HP) AI (HPAI) virus was established
3649. Specific hepatitis B vaccine therapy in inactive HBsAg carriers: a randomized controlled trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Post-vaccination follow-up was for 12 months after the first DOSE
- More efficient strategies, such as an increase in the DOSE and number of immunizations, should be evaluated further in large controlled trials.
3650. Attenuation, safety, and efficacy of an infectious bronchitis virus GA98 serotype vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Pass 70 of the GA98/0470/98 strain of IBV when given at 1 day of age by coarse spray and at 14 days of age in the drinking water at 1 x 10(4.5) 50% embryo infectious DOSE/bird protected against the homologous GA98 challenge as well as provided good protection against the DE072-type virus
3651. [Vaccination of adolescents and adults].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Today nobody doubts about the need of maintaining adults and teenagers dully vaccinated, among other reasons because they had not been vaccinated when they were young, due to the need of a booster DOSE, or due to the availability of new vaccines
3652. Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in healthy infants of G1 and G2 human reassortant rotavirus vaccine in a new stabilizer/buffer liquid formulation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During 1997 through 1998, 731 healthy infants approximately 2 to 4 months of age were enrolled at 19 US sites to receive 3 HRRV or placebo DOSEs approximately 6 to 8 weeks apart in a partially double blinded study
- No statistically significant differences were observed between vaccine and placebo recipients for fever (> or =38.1 degrees C) 0 to 7 days after any DOSE, irritability, vomiting or diarrhea incidence 0 to 42 days after any DOSE
- Among S/B vaccine groups, proportions of infants with a > or =3-fold titer rise from baseline to PostDOSE 3 for G1 serum-neutralizing antibody (SNA), G2 SNA, WC3 SNA, serum anti-RV IgA, serum anti-RV IgG and stool anti-RV IgA were generally similar to those of the prefed non-S/B group
3653. Using an integrated approach to understand vaccination behavior among young men who have sex with men: stages of change, the health belief model, and self-efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- MSM with increased readiness to complete the two-DOSE series perceived lower practical barriers and reported greater healthcare provider communication about their sexual orientation and risk behavior
3654. An assessment of the impact of thimerosal on childhood neurodevelopmental disorders.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Neurodevelopmental disorder DOSE-response curves for increasing mercury DOSEs of thimerosal in childhood vaccines were determined based upon examination of the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database and the 2001 US' Department of Education Report
- The instantaneous dosage of mercury children received in comparison to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s maximum permissible DOSE for the oral ingestion of methylmercury was also determined
- The DOSE-response curves showed increases in odds ratios of neurodevelopmental disorders from both the VAERS and US Department of Education data closely linearly correlated with increasing DOSEs of mercury from thimerosal-containing childhood vaccines and that for overall odds ratios statistical significance was achieved
3655. Experimental therapy of HPV16 induced tumors with IL12 expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Intratumoral therapy with a DOSE of 10(3) PFU of P13-IL12 slowed down the growth of TC1 tumors, but never caused their regression
3656. Androgen dependent regulation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin induced interleukin-6 expression in human transitional carcinoma cell lines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Subsequently the DOSE dependent effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on BCG induced IL-6 expression and NF-kappaB signaling was evaluated
- DHT suppressed BCG induced, NF-kappaB mediated signaling and IL-6 expression in a DOSE dependent manner
- Competitive pharmacological blockade of androgen receptor inhibited the effect of DHT on BCG induced signaling in DOSE dependent fashion
3657. Cytokine gene expression in a mouse model: the first instillations with viable bacillus Calmette-Guerin determine the succeeding Th1 response.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During 6 weekly BCG instillations a DOSE and time dependent induction of the various Th1 as well as Th2 cytokines was observed
- Lowering the DOSE of BCG seemed to affect the Th1 cytokine response most, whereas the Th2 response was less influenced by dilution of the BCG preparation
3658. Parental knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with not receiving hepatitis A vaccine in a demonstration project in Butte County, California.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Receipt of 1 or 2 DOSEs of hepatitis A vaccine was studied
- The vaccination coverage for at least 1 DOSE of hepatitis A vaccine was 398 (62%) and for 2 DOSEs was 272 (42%)
3659. Increasing immunization coverage. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Community Health Services. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In 2001, only 77.2% of US toddlers 19 to 35 months of age had received their basic immunization series of 4 DOSEs of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine, 3 DOSEs of inactivated poliovirus vaccine, 1 DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, and 3 DOSEs of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine
3660. A clinical study of PMCJ-9 (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Connaught strain) treatment of superficial bladder cancer and carcinoma in situ of the bladder.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the phase I-II study, PMCJ-9 40.5, 81 (standard DOSE overseas) or 121.5 mg in saline was instilled into the bladder of patients with Ta, T1 or CIS once weekly for 8 weeks
- The recommended DOSE was decided and similarly administered in the late phase II study
- Thus, 81 mg was the recommended DOSE for the late phase II study
- The recommended DOSE for the BCG Connaught strain was decided as 81 mg
- PMCJ-9 administration at this DOSE level weekly for 8 weeks showed a clear antitumor effect and good safety profile against Ta, T1 and CIS transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
3661. Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mercuric compounds are nephrotoxic and neurotoxic at high DOSEs
- Rate ratio (RR) for autism and other autistic-spectrum disorders, including trend with DOSE of ethylmercury
- Furthermore, we found no evidence of a DOSE-response association (increase in RR per 25 microg of ethylmercury, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.90-1.06] for autism and 1.03 [95% CI, 0.98-1.09] for other autistic-spectrum disorders)
3662. [1st successful immunization of pancreas and colorectal carcinoma patients with CO17-1A-vaccine].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3663. Results of a phase I clinical study using autologous tumour lysate-pulsed monocyte-derived mature dendritic cell vaccinations for stage IV malignant melanoma patients combined with low dose interleukin-2.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility and efficacy of immunotherapy for stage IV malignant melanoma patients resistant to conventional therapies involving vaccination with mature dendritic cells (mDCs) combined with administration of low DOSE interleukin-2
3664. The lack of effect of therapeutic vaccination with a pre-S2/S HBV vaccine in the immune tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Postvaccination follow-up lasted 12 months after the first DOSE
3665. Survival of previously measles-vaccinated and measles-unvaccinated children in an emergency situation: an unplanned study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Because of the war many children did not receive the DOSE of measles vaccine planned for 9 months of age
3666. Efficacy of oral vaccine against bacterial coldwater disease in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The FKC was administrated at a DOSE of 0.1-0.2 g kg(-1) body weight to juvenile ayu (0.5 g body weight) every day for 2 wk or on 5 days over 2 wk
3667. Coupling of oral human or porcine insulin to the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) overcomes critical antigenic differences for prevention of type I diabetes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- As expected, an added benefit was the much smaller oral antigen DOSE required to induce CD4+ insulin-B specific regulatory cells that bystander-suppress autoaggressive responses
3668. Immunotherapy with a depigmented, polymerized vaccine of Olea europaea pollen allergens. Significantly reduces specific bronchial and skin test reactivity in sensitized patients after one year of treatment.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The clinical efficacy of this new allergen vaccine seems to be DOSE-dependent as shown by specific bronchial challenges as well as by symptom and medication scores
3669. Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (Priorix; GSK-MMR): a review of its use in the prevention of measles, mumps and rubella.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The immunogenicity of GSK-MMR was high, and similar to that of Merck-MMR, when used as a second DOSE in children aged 4-6 or 11-12 years who had received a primary vaccination with Merck-MMR in their second year of life
3670. Prospective, randomized comparison of OM-85 BV and a prophylactic antibiotic in children with recurrent infections and immunoglobulin A and/or G subclass deficiency.
DOI.org -
SciHub -
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- IM injections of BPG were given at a DOSE of 1.2 million units (for patients with body weight > 27 kg) or at a half-DOSE (for patients with body weight ≤27 kg) every 3 weeks for 12 months
3671. Prevention of hepatitis A by vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Hepatitis A vaccines show high immunogenicity with different schedules and associations, induce long-term protection irrespective of timing of booster DOSE, and present an excellent safety profile
3672. Combinations of anticancer drugs and immunotherapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- CYC and low- to moderate-DOSE IL-2 has also been a useful regimen in treating human melanomas
3673. Serotype-specific mucosal immune response and subsequent poliovirus replication in vaccinated children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A total of 32 unimmunized children (median age 5 months) living in an orphanage in Minsk, Belarus, were vaccinated with three DOSEs of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) with a 60-day interval between the DOSEs
- Blood samples were drawn before the immunizations and 45-50 days after each vaccine DOSE
- Excretion of the vaccine viruses was followed by examining fecal specimens collected weekly after each vaccine DOSE
- All children seroconverted by the second DOSE of OPV at the latest to all three serotypes of poliovirus but differences were seen regarding the intestinal responses
- Consistent with this, relatively little poliovirus Type 2 excretion was seen after the second and third DOSEs of OPV as compared to that of poliovirus Type 1 or Type 3
- In the case of poliovirus Type 3, about 10% of children were still excreting the vaccine virus 9 weeks after administering the third DOSE
- This may reflect the possibility that after the first DOSE of OPV, intensive replication of the vaccine viruses may out compete the nonpolio viruses in the intestines of the vaccinees or, alternatively, mask nonpolio viruses during the cell culture isolation procedure.
3674. Efficacy of virosome hepatitis A vaccine in young children in Nicaragua: randomized placebo-controlled trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a randomized, double-blind trial of a single DOSE of a virosome-formulated, aluminum-free inactivated HAV vaccine in Nicaragua, 274 children (age range, 1.5-6 years) received vaccine or placebo injections; 239 children seronegative for hepatitis A were included in the primary efficacy analysis
- A single DOSE of a hepatitis A virosome vaccine is safe and protects young children against HAV infection.
3675. A randomized controlled trial of monetary incentives vs. outreach to enhance adherence to the hepatitis B vaccine series among injection drug users.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Due to concerns about non-adherence to multi-DOSE vaccine regimens however, IDUs are severely under-immunized against HBV and have been excluded from phase III trials of multi-DOSE candidate HIV vaccines in the United States
- Through a randomized controlled trial, we compared the effectiveness of monetary incentives versus outreach to improve IDUs' adherence to the 3-DOSE hepatitis B vaccine
- Eligible participants received their first DOSE of vaccine and were randomized to either receive monthly monetary incentives (n=48) or maintain weekly contact with an outreach worker (n=48) during the 6-month vaccine series
- All 3 DOSEs of vaccine were received by 33 (69%) of IDUs in the monetary incentive arm and 11 (23%) in the outreach arm (odds ratio=13.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.9, 128; P<0.0001)
- Among IDUs, monetary incentives are superior to outreach in achieving adherence to the multi-DOSE hepatitis B vaccine series
- Monetary incentives may be adapted to future multi-DOSE candidate HIV vaccine trials in IDUs.
3676. [Measles in Poland in 2001].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A proportion of children 13-24 months of age vaccinated with first DOSE of measles vaccine was 77.1%, and proportion of seven years old children vaccinated with second DOSE of measles vaccine was 81.7%.
3677. Comparison of the CD8+ T cell responses and antitumor effects generated by DNA vaccine administered through gene gun, biojector, and syringe.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In addition, DNA vaccination via gene gun required the least DOSE to generate similar or slightly better antitumor effects compared to needle intramuscular (i.m.) and biojector administrations
3678. Seroprevalence of rubella antibodies in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, 8 years after the introduction of vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A second DOSE of vaccine should also be considered.
3679. Evaluation of the protective efficacy of Vibrio cholerae ghost (VCG) candidate vaccines in rabbits.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Rabbits were orally immunized with different DOSEs of V
- Protective immunity against challenge appeared to be DOSE dependent and was associated with marked inhibition of colonization
3680. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C for Ta and T1 bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The seventh trial, in abstract form only, used BCG in low DOSEs for two arms of the trial (27 mg and 13.5mg) compared to a standard DOSE of mitomycin C (30mg), and reported a significantly reduced recurrent rate with BCG (27mg) compared to mitomycin C (p = 0.001)
3681. The current status of intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Evidence has been accumulating to suggest that a DOSE reduction during the initial treatment remains effective and reduces side-effects
3682. The efficacy of a two-dose hepatitis B vaccination scheme.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3683. Psychosocial predictors of hepatitis B vaccination among young African-American gay men in the deep south.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of the 143 participants, nearly 42% reported at least one DOSE of HBV vaccine
- In multivariable analysis, characteristics associated with vaccination were a decreased perception of barriers to HBV vaccination (odds ratio [OR], 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-0.61; P = 0.001); increased perceived medical severity (OR, 5.34; 95% CI, 2.38-11.96; P = 0.001) and personal severity (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.38-3.56; P = 0.006) of HBV infection; and increased perceived general medical self-efficacy (OR, 9.22; 95% CI, 3.52-24.11; P = 0.0001) and personal self-efficacy (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.14-4.63; P = 0.008) to complete the three-DOSE series
3684. Seroconversion after measles vaccination at nine and fifteen months of age.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Despite high vaccination coverage, single DOSE measles immunization programs have been unsuccessful in eliminating the disease
- Because seroconversion rates are lower in infants vaccinated before 12 months of age, a second DOSE of measles vaccine is recommended at 15 months
- The aim of this study was to determine the seroconversion rates in children after the first and second DOSEs of measles vaccinations at 9 and 15 months of age
- A second DOSE was given to 72 children at 15 months of age as measles-mumps-rubella (Trimovax, Schwarz measles strain, 1000 TCID(50); Urabe Am 9 mumps strain, 5000 TCID(50); Wister RA 27/3 rubella strain, 1000 TCID(50))
- Seroconversion rate was 77.6% after the first DOSE and 81.9% after the second DOSE of measles vaccine
- The two DOSE schedule seems to increase the seropositivity rate
- Our findings also indicate that increasing vaccination coverage and revaccination at 6 years of age are important even with the early two DOSE schedule.
3685. [Recent trends in the therapy of hepatitis C].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The IFN monotherapy with a DOSE of 3-6 MU for 6-12 months eradicates the infection in the 15% of cases, and cause an histological temporary improvement in a variable number of patients that keep the infection
- The pegylation is the combination of a polietylen-glicole molecule with the IFN molecule, so as to prolong its half-life and reduce the DOSE only one a week, with reduction of the collateral effects
3686. Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine: immunogenicity, efficacy, safety and review of official recommendations for use.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The timing of the booster DOSE is not critical to effectiveness, which has advantages for the protection of travelers to regions of high endemicity
3687. Experimental infection of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) with Mycobacterium bovis by conjunctival instillation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The proportion of possums that became diseased, the rate of development and severity of lesions, the severity of clinical signs, all increased when the DOSE of M
- Of the three DOSEs used, the medium DOSE (1000-2000 colony forming units) produced the disease with the most desired characteristics
3688. Phase I immunotherapy with a modified vaccinia virus (MVA) expressing human MUC1 as antigen-specific immunotherapy in patients with MUC1-positive advanced cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The objective of the present study was to determine the safety of the product and to define the DOSE of TG4010 to be used in further clinical trials
- Thirteen patients with different solid tumors were treated by repeated intramuscular injection with increasing DOSEs of TG4010 in two separate phase I studies, one in Europe (Basel-CR) and one in the United States (UCLA-RF): a total of 6 patients were treated at a DOSE of 5 x 10(6) pfu, 3 patients at 5 x 10(7) pfu, and 4 patients at 10(8) pfu
3689. Dendritic cells engineered to express the Flt3 ligand stimulate type I immune response, and induce enhanced cytoxic T and natural killer cell cytotoxicities and antitumor immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccinations of Mut1-pulsed DCs, DC(pLpA) and DC(Flt3L) all protected mice from challenge of low DOSE (0.5 x 10(5)) tumor cells
- However, only vaccination of the last one was able to protect 63% (6/8) mice from challenge of high DOSE (3 x 10(5)) 3LL tumor cells (p < 0.01)
3690. Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and incidence of acute hepatitis B infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among 16,248 HIV-infected patients receiving care, the incidence of acute HBV was 12.2 cases/1000 person-years (316 cases), was higher among black subjects (rate ratio [RR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.0), subjects with alcoholism (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.3), subjects who had recently injected drugs (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4), and subjects with a history of AIDS-defining conditions (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9) and was lower in those taking either antiretroviral therapy (ART) with lamivudine (RR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.4-0.6), ART without lamivudine (RR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.7), or >/=1 DOSE of HBV vaccine (14% of subjects) (RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-0.9)
3691. Outbreak of hepatitis A infection among intravenous drug users in Suffolk and suspected risk factors.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We suggest that a single DOSE of hepatitis A vaccine administered opportunistically should be used in outbreaks involving drug users.
3692. Potentiation of radiation therapy by the oncolytic adenovirus dl1520 (ONYX-015) in human malignant glioma xenografts.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Radiation therapy was potentiated in the p53 functional tumour IGRG121 with a 'subtherapeutic' DOSE of 1 x 10(7) PFU daily for 5 consecutive days, inducing significant tumour growth delay, 90% tumour regression and 50% tumour-free survivors 4 months after treatment
3693. Immunologic memory with no detectable bactericidal antibody response to a first dose of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine at four years.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Fourteen children with no detectable bactericidal antibody response to a first DOSE of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine at 4 years of age were given a booster DOSE of the same vaccine 2 years later
3694. A randomized phase II trial of SRL172 (Mycobacterium vaccae) +/- low-dose interleukin-2 in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We conducted a randomized phase II trial of SRL172 (Mycobacterium vaccae) +/- low-DOSE interleukin-2 (IL-2) as treatment for stage IV malignant melanoma
- Further trials are required to establish a definitive response rate and to compare the combination regimen with the regimen of low-DOSE IL-2 used in this trial
3695. Agents in clinical development for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Other disadvantages include the undesirable tolerability of interferon, the rapid resistance to lamivudine and the compromise between efficacy and toxicity that led to the development of the 10 mg DOSE of adefovir dipivoxil
3696. Integrating behavioral theory to understand hepatitis B vaccination among men who have sex with men.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- MSM with increased readiness to complete the 3-DOSE series perceived lower practical barriers and greater benefits to vaccination, perceived higher severity of infection, and had higher self-efficacy to complete the vaccine series
3697. Efficacy and durability of Bacillus anthracis bacteriophages used against spores.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE-response studies demonstrated that higher concentrations of mixed Bacillus anthracis bacteriophages (3.5 x 10(8) plaque-forming units per milliliter) inhibited subsequent growth of bacteria when sprayed on B
3698. Proteins of the Rpf family: immune cell reactivity and vaccination efficacy against tuberculosis in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination of mice with Rpf-like proteins results in a significant level of protection against a subsequent high-DOSE challenge with virulent M
3699. Enhanced immunogenicity and protective efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine using mucosal administration and boosting with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3700. Role of hepatitis B immunoglobulin in infants born to hepatitis B e antigen-negative carrier mothers in Taiwan.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Group A infants (n = 94) received 0.5 ml (145 IU) of HBIG within 24 h of birth and 3 subsequent DOSEs of recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine at 3 to 5 days, 1 month and 6 months of age
- Group B infants (n = 122) received 3 DOSEs of vaccines only
3701. Hematopoietic stem cell graft manipulation as a mechanism of immunotherapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One source of the increased relapse rate and shorter overall survival (OS) following high DOSE chemotherapy (HDT) and autologous SCT is the immune tolerance that limits host response, both innate and antigen (Ag) specific, against the tumor
3702. Immunotherapy as part of combinations for the treatment of cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- CY and moderate-DOSE interleukin-2 (IL-2) have also been a useful regimen in treating human melanomas
3703. Subacute meningoencephalitis in a subset of patients with AD after Abeta42 immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Sixteen of the 18 had received two DOSEs, one had received one DOSE, and one had received three DOSEs of the study drug before symptoms occurred
3704. Safety and immunogenicity of a heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Infants were vaccinated with 3 DOSEs at 2-month intervals, starting at ages 56 to 180 days
- A booster DOSE was given at 15 months of age
- Immunogenicity was evaluated after the third DOSE of vaccine, before and after the booster DOSE, and at 24 months of age
3705. Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of human intravenous immunoglobulin in treating West Nile virus infection in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Recovery of the lethally infected mice was dependent on the DOSE and time of IVIG administration
3706. [Efficacy of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and low-dose hepatitis B immune globulin in preventing mother-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus infection].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine the efficacy of recombinant hepatitis B (rHB) vaccine and low-DOSE hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) in the prevention of mother-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection
- Two hundred eighty-nine subjects were included in active immunization group, receiving triple DOSEs of rHB vaccine given i.m
- at 0, 1 and 6 month intervals; while 186 subjects receiving 50 IU HBIG at birth with triple DOSEs of rHB vaccine in the low-DOSE HBIG group
- These results suggested that the effectiveness of rHB vaccine plus low-DOSE HBIG was much better than only active plasma-derived vaccine; however, methods used for anti-rHBs assay need to be evaluated and verified.
3707. Chapter 16: Prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In animal papillomavirus models, systemic immunization with L1 VLPs can induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies that confer protection against high-DOSE experimental papillomavirus challenge
3708. [Yellow Fever].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE is enough to protect an individual for at least 10 years, after which revaccination is recommended
3709. A live attenuated equine infectious anemia virus proviral vaccine with a modified S2 gene provides protection from detectable infection by intravenous virulent virus challenge of experimentally inoculated horses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This level of protection was observed in each of the six experimental horses challenged with the reference virulent EIAV(PV) by using a low-DOSE multiple-exposure protocol (three administrations of 10 median horse infectious DOSEs [HID(50)], intravenous) designed to mimic field exposures and in all three experimentally immunized ponies challenged intravenously with a single inoculation of 3,000 HID(50)
- In contrast, naïve equids subjected to the low- or high-DOSE challenge develop a detectable infection of challenge virus and acute disease within several weeks
3710. Structure-dependent efficacy of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) recombinant vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Four-week-old chickens were immunised subcutaneously with one DOSE of each particulate antigen
3711. Hepatitis A vaccine: immunogenicity following administration of a delayed immunization schedule in infants, children and adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Current immunization schedules for hepatitis A vaccine specify administration of a booster within 6-12 or 6-18 months of the primary DOSE
- In this study, a booster was administered to 268 participants (137: <18 years old), an average of 27 months (range 20-31) after the primary DOSE
- Findings suggest a booster administered 20-31 months after the primary DOSE is immunogenic and GMT in persons >2 years of age were comparable to those seen in adults and children who receive hepatitis A vaccine per schedule.
3712. Comparison of PorA VR types and porA promoter sequence from Neisseria meningitidis B isolated from non-immunised children and vaccine failures immunised with a serogroup B outer membrane protein vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3713. Proteins and their derived peptides as carriers in a conjugate vaccine for Streptococcus pneumoniae: self-heat shock protein 60 and tetanus toxoid.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Unlike other vaccines, protection conferred by p458m was not related to the amount of anti-CPS Ab: mice that produced very little Ab were still protected from highly lethal DOSEs of bacteria (LD(50) x 10(5)-10(6))
3714. A live human parainfluenza type 3 virus vaccine is attenuated and immunogenic in young infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of this intranasal vaccine was evaluated in adults [106 plaque-forming units (pfu)] and seropositive children, and 104 and 105 pfu were evaluated in seronegative children
- In the infant study, two 104 pfu DOSEs of vaccine were administered at 1- or 3-month intervals
- Although immunization with the first DOSE of cp-45 diminished the replication of a second DOSE in all infants, those immunized after 3 months shed vaccine virus more frequently than those immunized after 1 month (62% vs
3715. Efficacy of Giardia vaccination in the treatment of giardiasis in cats.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Administration of 3 DOSEs of a Giardia vaccine did not completely eliminate the organism from experimentally infected cats in the study period
- Results may have been negatively influenced by the large inoculation DOSE
3716. Murine dendritic cells pulsed with an anti-idiotype antibody induce antigen-specific protective antitumor immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The tumor rejection in 3H1-pulsed DC-treated mice was associated with the induction of a memory response that helped those mice to survive a second challenge with a lethal DOSE of C15 cells.
3717. Recent progress in the development and testing of vaccines against human tuberculosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Many of these vaccines have been tested for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mouse and guinea pig models of low-DOSE pulmonary tuberculosis
3718. A review of the effectiveness of vaccine potency control testing.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Also, the effects of the DOSE and duration of antigen exposure as well as the nature of antigen presentation and generation of extrinsic cytokines could be characterised and correlated to vaccine potency as additional indicators of vaccine efficacy.
3719. Management of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) refractory superficial bladder cancer: results with intravesical BCG and Interferon combination therapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Early results with reduced DOSE BCG in combination with IFN-a in patients are currently the most promising
- The "O'Donnell protocol" of reduced DOSE IVe BCG plus IFN-a was followed in 12 patients with BCG refractory superficial transitional cell carcinoma
- The combinative therapy was well tolerated with minimal toxicity compared to previous full DOSE BCG
- Our 12 month data with reduced DOSE IVe BCG plus IFN-a salvage therapy for BCG refractory superficial TCC confirm previous reports of >50% complete response rates
3720. Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
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Harvard PubMed
- The 2003 recommendations include new or updated information regarding 1) the timing of influenza vaccination by age and risk group; 2) influenza vaccine for children aged 6-23 months; 3) the 2003-2004 trivalent inactivated vaccine virus strains: A/Moscow/10/99 (H3N2)-like, A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1)-like, and B/Hong Kong/330/2001-like antigens (for the A/Moscow/10/99 [H3N2]-like antigen, manufacturers will use the antigenically equivalent A/Panama/2007/99 [H3N2] virus, and for the B/Hong Kong/330/2001-like antigen, manufacturers will use either B/Hong Kong/330/2001 or the antigenically equivalent B/Hong Kong/1434/2002); 4) availability of certain influenza vaccine DOSEs with reduced thimerosal content, including single 0.25 mL-DOSE syringes; and 5) manufacturers of influenza vaccine for the U.S
3721. Use of a vaccine strain of measles virus genetically engineered to produce carcinoembryonic antigen as a novel therapeutic agent against glioblastoma multiforme.
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Harvard PubMed
- U87 model, mice with established xenografts were treated with a total DOSE of 8 x 10(7) plaque forming units of MV-CEA, administered i.v
- In the intracranial orthotopic U87 model, there was significant regression of intracranial U87 tumors treated with intratumoral administration of MV-CEA at a total DOSE of 1.8 x 10(6) plaque forming units as assessed by magnetic resonance image (P = 0.002), and statistically significant prolongation of survival as compared with mice that received UV-inactivated virus and untreated mice (P = 0.02)
- Monitoring CEA levels in the serum can serve as a low-risk method of detecting viral gene expression during treatment, and could allow DOSE optimization and individualization of treatment.
3722. Hepatitis A vaccination among young African American men who have sex with men in the deep south: psychosocial predictors.
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Harvard PubMed
- In multivariable analysis, predictors of HAV vaccination were a decreased perception of the practical barriers to HAV vaccination (odds ratio [OR], 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.18, P = 0.002); increased health provider communication (OR, 9.89; 95% CI: 2.74-35.65, P = 0.02); and increased perceived personal self-efficacy to complete the two-DOSE series (OR, 7.31; 95% CI: 2.38-22.45, P = 0.02)
3723. Pre-clinical immunogenicity and efficacy trial of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine.
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Harvard PubMed
- Two DOSEs of vaccine were essential for optimal protection; the two-DOSE regimen was more important than the formulation of the vaccine for achieving efficacy
3724. The cost-burden of paediatric pneumococcal disease in the UK and the potential cost-effectiveness of prevention using 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccine cost was pound 39.25 per DOSE with a pound 10 administration cost; vaccination schedule and efficacy were taken from a recent trial
3725. The incidence of shingles and its implications for vaccination policy.
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Harvard PubMed
- Similar calculations were made using a two DOSE strategy at age 45 and 65 years and at age 50 and 70 years
- The cost per case saved was estimated from a vaccination cost of pound 40 per DOSE
3726. Efficacy of GM-CSF as an adjuvant to hepatitis B vaccination in patients with chronic renal failure--results of a prospective, randomized trial.
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Harvard PubMed
- However, the response to hepatitis B vaccination is poor, even when 4 double DOSEs (40 microg) of the vaccine are given
- CRF patients including both hemodialysis (HD) and non-dialysis (ND) patients were randomized to receive either placebo or a single injection of GM-CSF (in varying DOSEs of 50 microg, 100 microg, 150 microg) a day prior to the 1st DOSE of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (40 microg)
- Three more DOSEs of the vaccine were given at 1, 2, and 6 months
- The best response rates in group II were observed when GM-CSF was used in a DOSE of 150 microg (90.9% at 3 months and 100% at 7 months)
- GM-CSF is an effective adjuvant to hepatitis B vaccine in these patients especially when a priming DOSE of 150 microg is used prior to 1st DOSE of hepatitis B vaccination.
3727. Rates of adverse reactions to first and second doses of BCG vaccination: results of a large community trial in Brazilian schoolchildren.
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Harvard PubMed
- Reactions to second DOSEs were more common than to first BCG vaccinations, but this difference was not statistically significant
- Adverse reactions to a second DOSE of BCG may be more frequent than reactions to a first DOSE, but they are still rare events.
3728. Immunological and clinical responses in metastatic renal cancer patients vaccinated with tumor RNA-transfected dendritic cells.
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Harvard PubMed
- Renal tumor RNA-transfected dendritic cells were administered to 10 evaluable study patients with no evidence of DOSE-limiting toxicity or vaccine-related adverse effects including autoimmunity
3729. Evaluation of oral and subcutaneous delivery of an experimental canarypox recombinant canine distemper vaccine in the Siberian polecat (Mustela eversmanni).
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Harvard PubMed
- at three DOSE levels (10(4.5), 10(5.0), and 10(5.5) plaque-forming units [PFU] per DOSE) and was administered orally by spraying the vaccine into the oropharnyx at two DOSE levels (10(5.5), 10(8.0) PFU per DOSE)
- For both routes of administration, two 1-ml DOSEs of reconstituted vaccine were delivered 4 wk apart, followed by live virus challenge 3 wk after the second vaccination
- The survival rate in animals receiving vaccine at the highest oral DOSE (10(8.0) PFU per DOSE) was 83.3%
- DOSE, low-oral DOSE, and control groups died after exposure
- Vaccine DOSE overall (oral and s.c.) and DOSE in response to s.c
3730. Melanoma: adjuvant therapy and other treatment options.
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Harvard PubMed
- Although clinical trials continue to be conducted to sort out the safety and efficacy of a myriad of new treatment modalities and novel combinations of the old and the new, data indicate that high-DOSE interferon-alfa-2b should be offered to appropriately selected intermediate- and high-risk patients with melanoma not involved in an experimental protocol.
3731. [Long-term efficacy of infant hepatitis B immunization program].
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Harvard PubMed
- Since 1986, the universal HB vaccination for newborn babies with standard, pediatric DOSE had been launched without serologic prescreening of pregnant women for HBsAg, in a high endemic county of Long-An
- Booster DOSE is unnecessary in 13 years after the immunization
3732. A potent adjuvant effect of CD40 antibody attached to antigen.
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Harvard PubMed
- CD40 antibodies have been shown to have adjuvant effects when administered at very high DOSEs
- These large DOSEs are impractical and induce a cascade of cytokine release giving rise to septic shock-like symptoms, as well as splenomegaly and polyclonal antibody production
3733. Declining pertussis incidence in Sweden following the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccine.
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Harvard PubMed
- The data suggest that unimmunised infants and children who have received only one DOSE of pertussis vaccine were provided some protection
- The decline is most obvious from the second DOSE onwards and remained stable for 4-5 years after the third DOSE in the absence of any booster DOSE
3734. Structure-dependent efficacy of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) recombinant vaccines.
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Harvard PubMed
- Four-week-old chickens were immunised subcutaneously with one DOSE of each particulate antigen
3735. Immunization against Plasmodium chabaudi malaria using combined formulations of apical membrane antigen-1 and merozoite surface protein-1.
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Harvard PubMed
- chabaudi malaria with protective efficacy varying with antigen DOSE, choice of adjuvant, and immunization protocol
- The use of Quil A was similarly effective with single or combined antigen immunizations, particularly with low antigen DOSE
3736. Efficacy of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in pigs with single dose immunization.
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Harvard PubMed
- The first experiment showed that single DOSE vaccination of pigs could be conducted at an age younger than 10 weeks
- Results indicate that the most appropriate age for single DOSE FMD vaccination in pigs born to well-vaccinated sows would be at 8 weeks.
3737. Evaluation of the measles, mumps and rubella immunisation programme in Spain by using a sero-epidemiological survey.
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Harvard PubMed
- In Spain, measles, mumps and rubella vaccination was introduced in 1981, with one DOSE at the age of 15 months and another at the age of 11 years being administered since 1995
3738. Oral immunization with a recombinant malaria protein induces conformational antibodies and protects mice against lethal malaria.
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Harvard PubMed
3739. Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B): a review of its immunogenicity and protective efficacy against hepatitis B.
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Harvard PubMed
- Intramuscular Hep-B(Eng) [0-, 1-, 6-month schedule] has excellent immunogenicity in healthy neonates and infants, children, adolescents and adults, with seroprotection rates of 85-100% seen approximate, equals 1 month after the final DOSE of vaccine; seroprotection was defined as an antibody against HBsAg (anti-HBs) titre of > or =10 IU/L
- a 0-, 1-, 2-, 12-month schedule in neonates and infants, 0-, 12-, 24-month or two-DOSE schedules in children and adolescents, and accelerated schedules in adults) have also been associated with high rates of seroprotection
- Seroprotection rates were generally similar with Hep-B(Eng) and the recombinant vaccine Recombivax HB (Hep-B[Rax]) or plasma-derived vaccines (PDVs) approximate, equals 1 month after the final DOSE (although anti-HBs geometric mean titres were significantly higher with Hep-B[Eng] than with Hep-B[Rax])
- One month after the final DOSE, adults had significantly higher seroprotection rates with the recombinant triple-antigen vaccine Bio-Hep-B (Hep-B[Bio]) than with Hep-B(Eng), although seroprotection rates in healthy infants were similar with Hep-B(Eng) and Hep-B(Bio)
3740. Effect of heterogeneity of rabies virus strain and challenge route on efficacy of inactivated rabies vaccines in mice.
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Harvard PubMed
- Intraperitoneal and IM vaccination was performed with 1 or 2 DOSEs of 1 of 3 vaccine-strain inactivated rabies vaccines
- Incubation periods were dependent on route, DOSE, and virus strain used for challenge
3741. Efficacy of low dose intradermal hepatitis B vaccine: results of a randomized trial among health care workers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The present study was designed to assess the efficacy of low DOSE intradermal HBV vaccine among the nursing staff in a tertiary care hospital setting
- Those who tested negative for both the above markers were randomized to receive either three DOSEs of intramuscular (i.m.) HBV vaccine (20 micrograms m each DOSE) at 0, 1 and 6 month interval or three DOSEs of intradermal HBV vaccine (2 micrograms m each DOSE) at similar intervals
- Each vaccine recipient was tested for the presence of anti HBs (commercial ELISA) at the end of 1 month and 1 year after the last DOSE of the vaccine
- At the end of 1 month after last DOSE of the vaccine, all vaccinees in both the group tested positive for anti-HBs
- Eighty four (85.5%) of these 96 vaccine recipient were available for evaluation of anti-HBs titre at the end of 1 year after the last DOSE of vaccine (1M group = 40, Intradermal group = 44)
- Intradermal route for HBV vaccine had similar immunogenic efficacy as the conventional intramuscular route, but the DOSE required in the former route is one tenth of the intramuscular route
3742. Attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Shigella flexneri 2a strains mucosally deliver DNA vaccines encoding measles virus hemagglutinin, inducing specific immune responses and protection in cotton rats.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE-response with bacterial vectors alone identified a well-tolerated dosage (1 x 10(9) to 7 x 10(9) CFU) and a volume (20 micro l) that elicited strong antivector immune responses
- In a subsequent experiment of identical design, cotton rats were challenged with wild-type MV 1 month after the third DOSE of vaccine or placebo
3743. A review of the case for hepatitis B vaccination of high-risk adults.
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Harvard PubMed
- Low rates of completion of the three-DOSE series and lack of funding for adult immunizations have always been challenges to offering hepatitis B vaccines to high-risk adults
3744. Production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 after inactivated hepatitis A immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Open-label, single-DOSE study
3745. Comparison of the protective efficacy of DNA and baculovirus-derived protein vaccines for EBOLA virus in guinea pigs.
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Harvard PubMed
- Previously, a priming DOSE of a DNA vaccine expressing the glycoprotein (GP) gene of MARV followed by boosting with recombinant baculovirus-derived GP protein was found to confer protective immunity to guinea pigs (Hevey et al., 2001
3746. Effect of two commercial vaccines to Campylobacter fetus subspecies on heifers naturally challenged.
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Harvard PubMed
- Forty days after the first vaccine DOSE, the heifers were served by an infected bull during 60 days
3747. Sufficient prophylactic efficacy with minor adverse effects by intravesical instillation of low-dose bacillus Calmette-Guérin for superficial bladder cancer recurrence.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Adverse effects of BCG are major obstacles, but the reduction of BCG DOSE could minimize these effects
- The efficacy and adverse effects of half-DOSE (40 mg) BCG, Tokyo 172 strain, were prospectively evaluated
- Half-DOSE of BCG Tokyo 172 strain had a similar efficacy and its toxicity was significantly lower compared to the standard DOSE
- Thus, half-DOSE of this strain might be suitable, at least for initial BCG therapy, for the prophylaxis of bladder cancer recurrence
- Further study would be necessary to clarify the efficacy of low-DOSE instillation in high-risk patients.
3748. Protective efficacy of anti-Helicobacter pylori immunity following systemic immunization of neonatal mice.
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Harvard PubMed
- Neonatal mice immunized with a single DOSE of vaccine in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) generated antigen-specific gamma interferon-, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, IL-4-, and IL-5-secreting T cells in numbers similar to those in immunized adult mice, while vaccine administered to neonates in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) induced such cells in reduced numbers compared to those in adult mice
3749. Active versus passive anti-cytokine antibody therapy against cytokine-associated chronic diseases.
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Harvard PubMed
3750. IL-12: a promising adjuvant for cancer vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The lack of efficacy was accompanied by, and probably related to, the declining biological effects of IL-12 in the course of repeated administrations at DOSEs approaching the maximum tolerated DOSE (MTD)
- In addition, we discuss how studies with systemic IL-12 in cancer patients, and several other lines of evidence, indicate that IL-12 may exert optimal adjuvant effects only at low DOSE levels
- Therefore, the MTD may not constitute the maximum effective DOSE of IL-12 for adjuvant application.
3751. An open-label, nonrandomized, single-center, prospective extension, clinical trial of booster dose schedules to assess the safety profile and immunogenicity of recombinant outer-surface protein A (OspA) Lyme disease vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An efficacy trial of an outer-surface protein A (OspA) Lyme disease vaccine demonstrated tolerability and efficacy against laboratory-confirmed Lyme disease after a primary series of 3 DOSEs at 0, 1, and 12 months
- Blood samples (to determine anti-OspA titer) were collected before administration of the booster DOSEs at months 24 and 36, and at 1 and 12 months after each booster DOSE was administered
- A total of 318 volunteers (173 women and 145 men) received at least 1 booster DOSE of Lyme disease vaccine, administered at 12 or 24 months after the third vaccination of the primary series (months 24 and 36, in relation to the primary series)
- Eighty-eight subjects of those who received a month-24 booster received a second booster DOSE at month 36 (12 months after the first booster)
- Administration of I or 2 booster DOSEs did not elicit any patterns of AEs different from those reported in the efficacy trial
- After the first booster DOSE, all volunteers had an anamnestic response and positive test results for total IgG antibody
- Geometric mean titers increased at least 12-fold 1 month after the first booster DOSE at month 24 or 36
- More than 96% of volunteers had titers>1400 EL.U/mL and 100% had titers >400 EL.U/mL (minimum seroprotective level) 1 month after the booster DOSE at month 24 or 36
- All booster DOSEs were well tolerated, and the incidence of AEs did not increase after the second booster DOSE
- The immune response generated after the 3-DOSE primary series waned; booster DOSEs administered at 12 and/or 24 months after the primary series increased antibody levels above seroprotective levels.
3752. Inoculation of plasmids encoding Japanese encephalitis virus PrM-E proteins with colloidal gold elicits a protective immune response in BALB/c mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After being inoculated twice, mice were found to resist challenge with 100,000 times the 50% lethal DOSE (LD(50)) of JEV (Beijing-1 strain) even when immunized with a relatively small DOSE of 0.5 micro g of plasmid DNA
3753. A pilot study on the combined therapy of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and hepatitis B vaccine on chronic hepatitis B virus carrier children.
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Harvard PubMed
- A total of 27 chronic HBV infected children, who were born to HBV carrier mothers and received hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis at birth, were randomized into 2 groups: one receiving a combined therapy of 50 micro g of GM-CSF plus 10 micro g of rHBvac injected intramuscularly at the same location (GM-CSF group, 14 children) or 200 IU HBIG and 10 micro g rHBvac in different muscles (HBIG group, 13 children) on a monthly four-DOSE schedule
- HBV-DNA quantification and other HBV serological markers were tested before and after the four-DOSE therapy
3754. Phase I trial of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4 as a combined immunotherapy for patients with cancer.
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Harvard PubMed
- Subjects with advanced malignancies were treated in this phase I, multiple cohort, DOSE-escalation trial combining GM-CSF (2.5 microgram/kg/d) plus IL-4 (0-6.0 microgram/kg/d)
- Subjects were followed clinically to determine a maximally tolerated DOSE (MTD), and complimentary in vitro studies were performed to determine a biologically active DOSE (BAD)
3755. Chitosan microparticles for mucosal vaccination against diphtheria: oral and nasal efficacy studies in mice.
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Harvard PubMed
- In addition, a DOSE-dependent immune reaction was observed for mice vaccinated with different DOSEs of DT associated to chitosan microparticles
3756. Immunity to avian pneumovirus infection in turkeys following in ovo vaccination with an attenuated vaccine.
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Harvard PubMed
- When a high DOSE (10 times maximum commercial DOSE) of vaccine was tested in maternal antibody negative (MA-) eggs, mild clinical signs developed in a small proportion of the poults for 1-4 days only
- Post-vaccination antibody titres at 3 weeks of age were significantly higher than those seen when the same DOSE was administered by eyedrop or spray at day-old
- A low DOSE (end of shelf-life titre) of vaccine given to MA- eggs did not cause disease and vaccinated poults were 100% protected against virulent APV challenge at 3 or 5 weeks of age
- Post-vaccination antibody titres reached significant levels at 3 weeks of age, whereas those from MA- poults vaccinated by spray at day-old with a similar low DOSE did not
- In a 'worst-case' scenario, maternal antibody positive (MA+) poults vaccinated in ovo with the low DOSE were still 77% protected against clinical disease, despite lack of seroconversion
- The recommended commercial DOSE of vaccine given to MA- eggs in ovo induced 100% protection against virulent APV challenge for up to 14 weeks of age, even though post-vaccination antibody titres had dropped to insignificant levels at this age
- In ovo vaccination with a mixture of the recommended commercial DOSEs of live APV and Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines had no detrimental affect on the efficacy of the APV vaccine
3757. Progress in control of hydatidosis using vaccination--a review of formulation and delivery of the vaccine and recommendations for practical use in control programmes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Hydatid control programmes based on regular treatment of all dogs with the correct DOSE of a highly-efficient anthelmintic have sometimes not been successful in Continental environments
3758. Protection against fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in mice after nasal immunization with a live, attenuated aroA deletion mutant.
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Harvard PubMed
- After active immunization, high levels of protection were achieved against an ExoU-expressing cytotoxic variant of the parental strain PAO1 at DOSEs up to 1,000-fold greater than the 50% lethal DOSE
- However, passive immunization did prevent mortality from pneumonia due to the cytotoxic PAO1 variant at low-challenge DOSEs
3759. Long term antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination beginning at birth and to subsequent booster vaccination.
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Harvard PubMed
- Few studies have examined the long term persistence of antibody after hepatitis B immunization beginning at birth and the response to a subsequent challenge with a booster DOSE of vaccine
- Group 1 received recombinant vaccine and a booster DOSE at 5 years of age
- Group 2 received plasma-derived vaccine and a booster DOSE at 9 years of age
- All children were tested for antibody before administration of the booster DOSE and at 2 and 4 weeks and 1 year after the booster
- Antibody testing conducted after the primary series for children in Group 1 (n = 70) showed that 90% had protective antibody concentrations at 13 months of age, and testing before the booster DOSE showed that 41% had protective antibody concentrations
- All children with protective antibody concentrations after the primary series had an anamnestic antibody response to the booster DOSE
- In Group 2 (n = 41) 39% of children had protective antibody concentrations before the booster DOSE, and 93% had an anamnestic antibody response to the booster DOSE
- One year after the booster DOSE there were 26-fold and 11-fold declines in antibody concentration in Groups 1 and 2, respectively
3760. Differentiation of porcine dendritic cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed in Pichia pastoris.
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Harvard PubMed
3761. Phase II clinical trial of intralesional administration of the oncolytic adenovirus ONYX-015 in patients with hepatobiliary tumors with correlative p53 studies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Patients received intralesional injections of ONYX-015 at either 6 x 10(9) or 1 x 10(10) plaque-forming units/lesion up to a total DOSE of 3 x 10(10) plaque-forming units, and i.p
3762. The long-term efficacy of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in babies born to carrier mothers.
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Harvard PubMed
- A total of 112 newborn babies of hepatitis B carrier mothers were given hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and a 10-microg three-DOSE regimen of plasma-derived vaccine administered at a conventional (0, 1, 6 months), delayed (2, 3, 8 months) or accelerated (0, 1, 2 months) schedule
- We conclude that a three-DOSE hepatitis B vaccination regimen is generally effective in protecting newborns of hepatitis B carrier mothers from infection and chronic carriage
3763. The incidence of influenza-associated hospitalizations in children in Germany.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Low gestational age doubled the risk for admission to hospital with influenza A infection, but did not show a DOSE-effect relationship as in RSV
3764. Measles in a hilly hamlet of northern India.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All the children were given age appropriate DOSE of Vitamin A and children of the nearby villages were vaccinated against measles as a part of outbreak control
3765. A single dose of oral DNA immunization delivered by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium down-regulates transgene expression in HBsAg transgenic mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of oral DNA vaccine evoked vigorous Th1 cell and CTL responses and production of IgG2 subclass of anti-HBs after 2 weeks, and this was accompanied by a transient hepatitic flare with elevated alanine aminotransferase in the first 3 weeks
- The other vaccines could also break immune tolerance, but this was achieved only after repeated booster DOSEs of the respective vaccines, and they did not affect transgene expression, or induce hepatic flare
3766. Moving to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine efficacy trials: defining T cell responses as potential correlates of immunity.
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Harvard PubMed
3767. A pharmacoeconomic evaluation of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Canada.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination of healthy infants would result in net savings for society if the vaccine costs less than Can$50 per DOSE
3768. Immune responses to hepatitis B surface antigen following epidermal powder immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3769. Adjuvant therapy for high-risk primary and resected metastatic melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The use of high-DOSE IFN-alpha2 therapy remains a contentious subject, however available evidence suggests the standard of care remains good surgical management.
3770. Melanoma Vaccine--AVAX Technologies: DNP-VACC, M-Vax.
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Harvard PubMed
- AVAX Technologies was enrolling patients with stage III melanoma in the pivotal US phase III trial for registration of M-Vax trade ed, multicentre trial designed to compare the efficacy of the vaccine against high-DOSE interferon-alpha, the standard post-surgical treatment for stage III melanoma
- A low DOSE of M-Vax was also being evaluated in a phase II study at Thomas Jefferson University in the US
- On 16 March 2000, AVAX announced promising interim results from this study, which revealed that 65% of 23 evaluated patients developed an immune response of the same magnitude as that observed with higher DOSEs of M-Vax in previous studies
- The study was to enroll a total of 46 patients, who were to receive seven DOSEs of M-Vax over 7 weeks
- The advantage of using a low DOSE of M-Vax is that it requires a smaller amount of the patient's tumour tissue to produce the vaccine (approximately half that required in previous studies) and therefore more patients would be eligible for treatment
- On the basis of these results, AVAX modified the pivotal phase III trial to use the low DOSE of M-Vax to treat additional patients with smaller tumours
- Patients were receiving seven DOSEs of M-Vax at weekly intervals and a booster at 6 months
3771. Measles vaccine efficacy during an epidemic in 1998 in the highly vaccinated population of Poland.
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Harvard PubMed
- The efficacy of a single DOSE of vaccine exceeded 90% and the efficacy of two DOSEs exceeded 99% in all age-groups
- These results demonstrate both the high efficacy of the monovalent measles vaccines used in Poland and the benefit of a second DOSE of vaccine.
3772. Serum bactericidal activity correlates with the vaccine efficacy of outer membrane vesicle vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The immunogenicity study showed that the SBA geometric mean titer (GMT) for the vaccinees was 2.4 before vaccination and 19.0 six weeks after the second vaccine DOSE
- A separate three-DOSE study with 304 adolescents showed that with a third DOSE at 10 months after the second DOSE (i.e
- Ten months after the second DOSE the SBA was reduced to near pre-immunization level
- Following the third DOSE the SBA geometric mean titer of 2.7 increased to 62.3
- One year after the third DOSE, the GMT was markedly higher than 6 weeks after the second DOSE (12.6 versus 8.8)
- In order to reach lasting protective levels of SBA in a population, three vaccine DOSEs are probably required
3773. The challenge to provide affordable rabies post-exposure treatment.
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Harvard PubMed
- using an ID regimen with a large DOSE of vaccine on the first day of treatment especially when no RIG is available; and (iv)
3774. Gastrointestinal Amyloidosis: Approach to Treatment.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The best evidence is for high-DOSE chemotherapy, followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis
3775. Safety evaluation of MMR vaccine during a primary school campaign in Saudi Arabia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Monitoring of adverse events following the administration of MMR vaccine containing the Urabe mumps virus vaccine strain, to over 2 million schoolchildren (aged 6-13 years) revealed that the incidence of vaccine-associated aseptic meningitis was one case per 295 000 DOSEs given
- It appears from our data that the use of the Urabe-based mumps vaccine in the booster-DOSE format induces much less adverse effects than usually observed following the primary immunization with it
3776. Impact of preseason treatment on incidence of falciparum malaria and parasite density at a site for testing malaria vaccines in Bandiagara, Mali.
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Harvard PubMed
- Subjects received a treatment DOSE of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) or no treatment at the beginning of the transmission season
- SP was chosen as the drug for initial parasite clearance for the following reasons: 1) it has been used in previous vaccine trials; 2) our studies have found it to have >99% efficacy in treating uncomplicated malaria in Mali compared to 85-90% efficacy for chloroquine in this area; 3) SP is the approved second-line antimalarial agent in Mali; and 4) its single-DOSE regimen ensures compliance when treatment is directly observed.
3777. Increasing hepatitis B vaccination among young African-American men who have sex with men: simple answers and difficult solutions.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Nearly 40% reported at least one DOSE of vaccine; the remainder were completely unvaccinated
3778. Adjuvant effect of ginseng extracts on the immune responses to immunisation against Staphylococcus aureus in dairy cattle.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate a suitable DOSE of GS as an adjuvant, 36 lactating cows were randomly divided into six groups
3779. The challenge of improving the efficacy of measles vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This paper deals with strategies to improve vaccine efficacy and prevent unnecessary deaths, including considerations of one DOSE at 9 months strategy for developing countries, strain of vaccine, potency and number of DOSEs of measles vaccine
3780. Evaluation of the immune response and detection of infectious bursal disease viruses by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after in ovo vaccination of commercial broilers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccines were administered in ovo at 100 mean embryo infectious DOSE to commerical broiler embryos derived from young (29 wk) or old (63 wk) flocks
3781. Equid herpesvirus (EHV-1) live vaccine strain C147: efficacy against respiratory diseases following EHV types 1 and 4 challenges.
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Harvard PubMed
- EHV-1 challenge (DOSE 6.0 log(10)) 6 weeks after vaccination resulted in pyrexia in all eight control horses while eight vaccinated horses remained unaffected
- In EHV-4 challenge (DOSE of 4.2 log(10) TCID(50)) of a separate pair of seven vaccinated and six control horses, 6 weeks after EHV-1 vaccination resulted in pyrexia (mean duration 2.3 days) and nasal discharge (mean duration 1.8 days) in three and five control horses respectively but the only reaction observed in the vaccinated group was nasal discharge for 1 day in one animal
3782. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C for superficial bladder cancer: a formal meta-analysis of comparative studies on recurrence and toxicity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3783. Active immunotherapy of metastatic melanoma with allogeneic melanoma lysates and interferon alpha.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A therapeutic lyophilized melanoma vaccine consisting of two mechanically disrupted allogeneic melanoma cell lines and the immunological adjuvant Detox-PC (Melacine) has demonstrated encouraging activity in metastatic malignant melanoma, often in regimens containing pretreatment with low-DOSE cyclophosphamide
- Cyclophosphamide was administered once at a DOSE of 300 mg/m(2) i.v
- on day -3 before the first DOSE of Melacine
- Melacine was administered at a DOSE of 2 x 10(7) tumor cell equivalents per DOSE admixed with 0.25 ml of Detox-PC s.c
- IFN was started in the evening after the fourth DOSE of Melacine at a DOSE of 5,000,000 units/m(2) 3 times a week, and continued until progression
3784. Measles vaccine effectiveness and risk factors for measles in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For measles elimination, more than one DOSE of vaccine would be required.
3785. Specific antibody response after influenza immunization in systemic lupus erythematosus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The study population comprised 24 patients with SLE who received the split-virion, inactivated vaccine containing 15 micro g hemagglutinin (HA)/DOSE of each of A/Beijing/262/95(H1N1), A/Sydney/05/97(H3N2), and B/Harbin/07/94
3786. Why phase II trials in cervical chemoprevention are negative: what have we learned?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Identifying chemopreventives in cervical cancer requires rigorous study design: DOSE de-escalating phase I, IIa trials; placebo-controlled phase IIb trials; and multicenter phase III trials
3787. Immunisation of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis immobilisation antigens elicits serotype-specific protection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Proteins were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a DOSE of 10 microg/fish with complete Freund's adjuvant on day 1, followed by a second injection in incomplete Freund's adjuvant on day 15
3788. Cost-effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination of prison inmates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It could be economically beneficial when the cost of a vaccine DOSE is DOSE, or there is no prevalence of infection upon intake, or the costs of treating acute or chronic disease are about 70% higher than baseline costs, or the incidence of infection during and after custody were >1.6 and 50%, respectively
- The health care system realizes net savings even when there is no incidence in prison, or there is no cost of chronic liver disease, or when only one DOSE of vaccine is administered
3789. Safety and efficacy of E coli enterotoxin adjuvant for urease-based rectal immunization against Helicobacter pylori.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Low DOSE E
- pylori infection were enrolled in a double blind, randomized, ascending DOSE study to receive either urease (60 mg), or urease (60 mg) + LT (5 or 25 microg)
3790. Studies of the field efficacy and safety of a single-dose Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine for pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The field efficacy and safety of a single-DOSE Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine were evaluated in three-to five-week-old pigs
3791. Tumor vaccines: a role in preventing recurrence in melanoma?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Chemotherapy has limited efficacy in the adjuvant setting, and while the use of high-DOSE interferon in the adjuvant setting has been reported to improve survival, treatment with interferon is not without significant cost and toxicity
3792. A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this double-blind study, we randomly assigned 2392 young women (defined as females 16 to 23 years of age) to receive three DOSEs of placebo or HPV-16 virus-like-particle vaccine (40 microg per DOSE), given at day 0, month 2, and month 6
3793. Antibody responses and protection against influenza virus infection in different congenic strains of mice immunized intranasally with adjuvant-combined A/Beijing/262/95 (H1N1) virus hemagglutinin or neuraminidase.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In parallel with Ab responses, the B10.A, B10.BR and B10.D2 strains were conferred significant protection at any DOSE of primary immunization, but the B10 strain was provided protection only at 1microg of HA
- In parallel with Ab responses, all the strains were conferred significant protection at any DOSE of primary immunization
- These results indicate that the MHC-restricted responsiveness of mice to HA is different from that to NA, suggesting that the use of high-HA DOSE or NA as a component of the nasal influenza A (H1N1 subtype) virus vaccine improves the protective efficacy against influenza among low responder populations.
3794. Efficacy of purified Vi polysaccharide typhoid vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The ELISA titer (0.5097+/-0.0606) was 4 times in the group treated with high DOSE (0.25 microg/0.5ml) as in control (0.1113+/-0.0110)
3795. Healthcare workers and their attitudes to influenza vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Absenteeism was attributed to vaccine-related adverse effects by 11/83 (13%) vaccinees, resulting in 0.46 workdays lost per DOSE administered.
3796. Containing bioterrorist smallpox.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Under all scenarios, targeted vaccination prevented more cases per DOSE of vaccine than did mass vaccination
3797. Adoptive T cell therapy using antigen-specific CD8+ T cell clones for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma: in vivo persistence, migration, and antitumor effect of transferred T cells.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Four infusions of autologous T cell clones were administered, the first without IL-2 and subsequent infusions with low-DOSE IL-2 (at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 x 10(6) unitsm(2) twice daily for the second, third, and fourth infusions, respectively)
- We demonstrate that the adoptively transferred T cell clones persist in vivo in response to low-DOSE IL-2, preferentially localize to tumor sites and mediate an antigen-specific immune response characterized by the elimination of antigen-positive tumor cells, regression of individual metastases, and minor, mixed or stable responses in 8 of 10 patients with refractory, metastatic disease for up to 21 mo.
3798. A reovirus challenge model applicable in commercial broilers after live vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At an increased challenge DOSE all unvaccinated challenge control birds were positive, while the vaccinated chickens were protected
3799. Hepatitis B immunization in low birthweight infants: do they need an additional dose?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine the influence of gestation and weight on the development of protective anti-HB levels and geometric mean titres after three DOSEs of HBV vaccine and to ascertain the need for a fourth DOSE in low birthweight infants
- Protective anti-HB levels (>10 mIU/ml) were reached in 86.6% (71/82) of PT infants and 96.7% (58/60) of T-IUGR infants after three DOSEs of HBV vaccine (p = 0.044)
- The odds of having a protective response after the third DOSE of HBV vaccine was 1.25 (95% CI 1.02-1.53) with every one-week increase in gestation (p = 0.032)
- After the third DOSE, only 66.7% (8/12) of the PT infants whose mothers had anti-HB antibodies, developed protective anti-HB levels compared with 90% (63/70) of those with no maternal antibodies (p = 0.028)
- In PT infants after the fourth DOSE, there was a significant increase in the proportion of infants with protective antibody levels (8.6%, 95% CI 0.6-16.6%) among those with no maternal antibodies and 12.2% overall (95% CI 6.0-21.3) (p = 0.031 to 0.002) over that reached with the third DOSE
- Administration of the fourth DOSE to T-IUGR infants did not confer such a benefit
- In HBV-endemic areas, PT infants, irrespective of their birthweights, may benefit from an additional DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine in a schedule starting at birth
3800. Meningococcal vaccines: a progress report.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine is efficacious against disease caused by serogroups A, C, Y and W135, but is not effective in infants and children aged <2 years, and the duration of efficacy decreases markedly during the first 3 years after a single DOSE of the vaccine
- Initial studies with the meningococcal C conjugate vaccine have shown that the vaccine is safe and immunogenic and provides a T cell-dependent antigen that can be boosted by further DOSEs of vaccine, or following exposure to the homologous organism or cross-reacting antigens
3801. Use of statistical models for evaluating antibody response as a correlate of protection against varicella.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We apply these models to show that the varicella antibody response measured by glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 6 weeks after vaccination strongly correlate with protection against varicella (chickenpox); we used 7-year follow-up data from children who received one DOSE of a live attenuated varicella (Oka/Merck) vaccine
3802. Comparative efficacy of a canine distemper-measles and a standard measles vaccine for immunization of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We compared the efficacy of one or two DOSEs of Vanguard D-M, a canine distemper-measles (CD-M) vaccine, with a single DOSE of Attenuvax, a human measles vaccine
- Compared with 81% of animals inoculated with Attenuvax, all animals inoculated with one or two DOSEs of Vanguard developed detectable MV antibodies
- Subclinical viremia without viral shedding was identified in two Attenuvax- and two single-DOSE Vanguard-inoculated animals
- Viremia was not detected in any two-DOSE Vanguard-inoculated animals
3803. Tetravalent rhesus-human rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) in Belém, Brazil: efficacy against prevailing P and G genotypes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine the efficacy of a reassortant rhesus-human tetravalent rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) (4 x 10(4) pfu/DOSE) against P and G rotavirus genotypes, 90 positive samples were tested using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
3804. [Comparative titration of three antivenin serums used against sub-Saharan African snakes].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The 50% protective DOSEs (ED50) of the antivenoms were given according either to i) the in vitro method which consists of inoculating 5 batches of 5 mice with a mixture containing 3 DL50 of venom and increasing volumes of antivenom incubated for 30 mn at 37 degrees C and ii) the in vivo method which consists of successive administration of venom and then antivenom after a 30 to 60 mn interval
3805. Efficient haemodialysis improves the response to hepatitis B virus vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- If a subject had an HBsAg antibody (HBsAb) level <10 IU/l after vaccination, he or she received a booster DOSE
3806. A double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of the ICP10deltaPK vaccine against recurrent genital HSV-2 infections.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During the observation period (extending from 10 to 180 days after the last booster DOSE), recurrences in the vaccine (V) group were prevented completely in 37.5% of the patients, whereas in the placebo (P) group, 100% of the patients had at least one recurrence (P = .068)
3807. Recurrent urinary tract infection in the female.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Women with frequent urinary tract infection (more than three episodes per year) should be offered prophylactic antibiotics, which can be patient-initiated, postcoital, or long-term low-DOSE therapy
3808. Efficacy of the accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedule used in haemodialysis patients post-exposure to virus: a single-centre experience.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Eighty-six completed the regime, receiving a booster DOSE at month 12
- Measuring antibodies to HB surface antigen (anti-HBS) 6 weeks after receiving the third and fourth DOSEs assessed patients' response
- Patient's age, sex, renal diagnosis, diabetes mellitus, time on dialysis, dialysis adequacy, erythropoietin DOSE, hepatitis C or body weight did not affect response rates
3809. The implication of a reduced-dose hepatitis B vaccination schedule in low risk newborns.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Five hundred and seventy-four babies born to HBsAg negative mothers in Hong Kong received either a regular (5 micro g) or reduced (2.5 micro g) three-DOSE regimen of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine
- A significantly higher anti-HBs positivity rate (>or=10 mIU/ml), geometric mean titer (GMT) and the maintenance of a high anti-HBs level (>or=100 mIU/ml) were observed with the regular-DOSE regimen
- The long-term efficacy of the reduced-DOSE regimen was confirmed, even in an HBV endemic population.
3810. Protective efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine without HBIG in infants of HBeAg-positive carrier mothers in Thailand.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Blood drawings for the determination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serologic markers were scheduled 4, 9, and 13 months following the initial DOSE of vaccine
3811. Protection against plague following immunisation with microencapsulated V antigen is reduced by co-encapsulation with IFN-gamma or IL-4, but not IL-6.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Microspheres containing rV alone or co-encapsulated with the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-4 or IL-6 were administered in a two-DOSE regimen and antibody responses and protective efficacy were monitored
3812. The efficacy of Salenvac, a Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serotype Enteritidis iron-restricted bacterin vaccine, in laying chickens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunization was intramuscular at 1 day old and again at 4 weeks of age (V2), or at 1 day and 4 weeks with a third DOSE at 18 weeks of age (V3)
3813. Safety and immunogenicity of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in combination with diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Healthy Gambian infants were randomized at the age of 2 months to receive three DOSEs 1 month apart of either (1) placebo reconstituted in TETRAMUNE in the right thigh (control) or (2) PnCV in the left thigh and TETRAMUNE in the right thigh (separate) or (3) PnCV reconstituted in TETRAMUNE as a single injection in the right thigh (combined)
- Local induration and tenderness were observed more commonly at the site of injection of TETRAMUNE than at the site of injection with PnCV after each DOSE of vaccination
- Swelling at the site of injection was encountered more frequently at the site of administration of TETRAMUNE than at the site of administration PnCV ( P< 0.00001 for DOSEs 1 and 2 and P< 0.0009 for DOSE 3)
3814. Design of the Brazilian BCG-REVAC trial against tuberculosis: a large, simple randomized community trial to evaluate the impact on tuberculosis of BCG revaccination at school age.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This paper describes the design and baseline results of a large and simple randomized controlled trial of the protection against tuberculosis of a DOSE of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination given to school children in a population with a high coverage of neonatal BCG (The Brazilian BCG-REVAC trial)
3815. Manipulating the immune response; applications in livestock breeding.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This paper outlines restrictions that may be imposed on vaccine delivery to livestock and introduces controlled antigen delivery as a potential method for single DOSE vaccination.
3816. Mycobacterium vaccae (SRL172) immunotherapy as an adjunct to standard antituberculosis treatment in HIV-infected adults with pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This study aimed to assess the effect on mortality of immunotherapy with single-DOSE SRL172 added to standard antituberculosis chemotherapy in such patients
- Immunotherapy with single-DOSE SRL172 as an adjunct to standard antituberculosis treatment in HIV-positive adults with pulmonary tuberculosis had no significant effect on survival or bacteriological outcome, though the treatment was safe and well tolerated.
3817. Noninterferon-based adjuvant therapy for high-risk melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- High-DOSE interferon is the only treatment approved by the FDA for adjuvant therapy of melanoma
3818. Rapid molecular discrimination between infection with wild-type varicella-zoster virus and varicella vaccine virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We report on a 2-year-old girl with relapse of cereral anaplastic ependymoma, who received one DOSE of varicella vaccine
3819. Low-dose intramuscular hepatitis B vaccination in medical students: 4-year follow-up.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This is a report on the results of immunization of medical students with low-DOSE hepatitis B (HB) vaccine prior to starting clinical practice and evaluation of the efficacy of this vaccination scheme
- Low-DOSE (2 microg) recombinant HB vaccine was administered intramuscularly (im) at months 0, 1, 2 and 12 to 105 volunteers who wee HB surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HB core antigen (HBc) negative
- Additional DOSEs were administered after the third DOSE to the vaccines with anti-HBs titers below 10 IU/l
- Low-DOSE HB im vaccination can be utilized as a cost-saving vaccination strategy.
3820. IFN-gamma as an indicator of successful immunization of goats vaccinated with a killed Cowdria ruminantium vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3821. Phase II study of anti-gastrin-17 antibodies, raised to G17DT, in advanced pancreatic cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thirty patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were immunized with three DOSEs of either 100 micro g or 250 micro g of G17DT
- The 250- micro g DOSE resulted in a significantly greater response rate of 82% compared with 46% for the 100- micro g group (P =.018)
- The 250- micro g DOSE is superior to the 100- micro g DOSE, and it appears to be generally well tolerated
3822. Impact of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in the UK.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Efficacy estimates for England up to September 2001 were 91.5% in infants receiving three DOSEs of MCC vaccine and 89.3% in toddlers receiving one DOSE of MCC vaccine (England)
3823. Review of L-tyrosine confirming its safe human use as an adjuvant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A series of preclinical safety investigations comprised single-DOSE parenteral studies in the mouse and rat, repeat-DOSE parenteral toxicity studies over 28 days in the rat and dog (up to 25 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) plus genotoxicity and local tolerance studies
- No signs of toxicity or genotoxicity were seen; repeat-DOSE toxicity studies showed expected white cell and spleen weight immunostimulatory effects; local-DOSE site reactions were also seen and were confirmed in local tolerance studies
3824. African-American children are at risk of a measles outbreak in an inner-city community of Chicago, 2000.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine measles vaccination rates and predictors for having received a DOSE of measles-containing vaccine by age 19 to 35 months among children in an inner-city community of Chicago
3825. A novel hepatitis B vaccination regimen for adolescents: two doses 12 months apart.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two- and three-DOSE hepatitis B vaccinations for adolescents are usually administered using dosing schedules of 6 months duration
- To examine the efficacy of a 12-month dosing interval for two-DOSE hepatitis B vaccination of adolescents
- VACCINATION REGIMEN: Engerix-B (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) 20 micro g: two DOSEs, 12 months apart
- SERUM COLLECTION: #1, same day as first vaccine DOSE given; #2, >1 month after second vaccine DOSE
- Three hundred and eighty-seven (210 males, 177 females) aged 11.8-14.2 years (mean: 12.9+/-0.42 years) at entry completed both injections 321-381 days (mean: 359+/-10.7 days) apart and supplied serum #2, 30-57 days (mean: 41+/-5.6 days) after the second vaccine DOSE.Anti-HBs responses: 379 of the 387 subjects (97.9%; 95% CI: 95.9-99.1%) achieved anti-HBs > or =10 mIU/ml (range 10-170,460 mIU/ml, geometric mean concentration (GMC) 4155 mIU/ml-95% CI of mean: 3381-5106 mIU/ml)
- A high seroprotection rate and GMC were achieved using two 20 micro g DOSEs of Engerix-B administered 12 months apart
- These results are similar to those achieved by others using 6-month three- and two-DOSE regimens in adolescents.
3826. Vaccination of cattle with Anaplasma marginale derived from tick cell culture and bovine erythrocytes followed by challenge-exposure with infected ticks.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Each vaccine DOSE contained approximately 2 x 10(10) A
3827. Effect of an immunomodulator on the efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against avian pneumovirus in turkeys.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3828. Hepatitis A after a single dose of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3829. An experimental vaccine expressing wild-type p53 induces protective immunity against glioblastoma cells with high levels of endogenous p53.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In vivo experiments with knockout (KO) mice and mice treated with depleting DOSEs of antibodies specific to lymphocyte subsets revealed that vaccine efficacy depended on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as on natural killer (NK) cells
- Vp53-wt virus-vaccinated mice that failed to develop tumours upon challenge with a minimal tumourigenic DOSE of GL261 cells remained completely resistant to further challenge with increased DOSEs of GL261 cells
3830. Safety and immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine encoding carcinoembryonic antigen and hepatitis B surface antigen in colorectal carcinoma patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Here, we present results from a DOSE-escalation clinical trial of a dual expression plasmid encoding carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 17 patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma
- DOSEs of the DNA vaccine at 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg
- Subsequent groups of 3 patients received three repetitive 0.3- or 1.0-mg DOSEs at 3-week intervals
- A final group of 2 patients received three repetitive 2.0 mg DOSEs at 3-week intervals
- Toxicity was limited to transient grade 1 injection site tenderness, fatigue, and creatine kinase elevations, each affecting a minority of patients in a non-DOSE-related manner
3831. Recommendations for vitamin A supplementation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The International Vitamin A Consultative Group (IVACG) also recommends that three 50,000-international unit (IU) DOSEs of vitamin A should be given at the same time as infant vaccines during the first 6 mo of life
- Active corneal xerophthalmia is always a medical emergency that should be treated with immediate high-DOSE vitamin A
- High-DOSE vitamin A treatment is also recommended for infants and young children with xerophthalmia, severe malnutrition or measles
- Low-DOSE vitamin A treatment is recommended for women with night blindness and/or Bitot's spots
3832. Comparative safety and immunogenicity of two yellow fever 17D vaccines (ARILVAX and YF-VAX) in a phase III multicenter, double-blind clinical trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The mean LNI in the YF-VAX group was higher (2.21) than in the ARILVAX group (2.06; P = .010) possibly because of the higher DOSE contained in YF-VAX
3833. Conjugated heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- PCV7 administered to infants aged 2, 4, and 6 months, with a booster DOSE at 12-15 months, has been shown to be immunogenic
- At the manufacturer's list price of 58 dollars/DOSE, PCV7 is not projected to be cost-effective after 4 DOSEs
3834. DNA vaccines as a tool for analysing the protective immune response against rhabdoviruses in rainbow trout.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Nanogram DOSEs of plasmid DNA delivered by intramuscular injection are sufficient to induce high levels of immunity in fingerling-size fish, whereas larger fish require more vaccine for protection
3835. Safety and immunogenicity of meningococcus serogroup C conjugate vaccine administered as a primary or booster vaccination to healthy four-year-old children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Little information exists regarding antibody persistence or immunologic memory after infant vaccination or response to a first DOSE at 4 years
- Ninety-five children immunized at 2, 3 and 4 months of age with 0 or 3 DOSEs of Men C vaccine, boosted with Men C or meningococcal A/C polysaccharide vaccine at 12 months, received a single DOSE of Men C vaccine at 4 years; 103 age-matched controls were recruited
- Baseline SBA titers of > or =1/4 were observed in 87% of children after at least 3 DOSEs of Men C vaccine in infancy compared with 21% of controls
- Reciprocals of postvaccination SBA geometric mean titers in those with four prior DOSEs [3803 (95% confidence interval 3489, 4146)] were significantly higher than controls [33 (95% confidence interval 20, 55)] ( < 0.001)
- All children had IgG responses to a first DOSE of Men C vaccine, 80% achieving SBA titers of > or =1/4 (77% > or =1/8)
- All children made IgG antibodies after a first DOSE at this age, with 80% showing bactericidal activity
3836. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D plus Emulsigen are increased by formulation with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A truncated, secreted version of BHV-1 glycoprotein D (tgD) formulated with Em and CpG ODN at concentrations of 25, 2.5, or 0.25 mg/DOSE produced a more balanced immune response, higher levels of virus neutralizing antibodies, and greater protection after BHV-1 challenge compared to tgD adjuvanted with either Em or CpG ODN alone
3837. Considerations and procedures in the derivation of ATSDR minimal risk levels.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Minimal risk levels (MRLs) are health-based guidance values derived for individual substances by conducting a thorough review of the literature, identifying appropriate target organs of response, and identifying a DOSE level where a no adverse effect or the lowest adverse effect level is seen
3838. Structure-function relationships for human antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide from transgenic mice with human immunoglobulin Loci.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- pneumoniae in BALB/c mice revealed that both 10- and 1- micro g DOSEs of A7 and 7C5 were protective, while only a 10- micro g DOSE of 1A2 was protective
3839. [Effectiveness of post-exposure prophylaxis using live attenuated hepatitis Alpha vaccine (H(2) strain) among schoolchildren].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During an outbreak of hepatitis Alpha in a village in Zhengding County, Hebei Province, one DOSE of live attenuated hepatitis Alpha vaccine (H(2) strain) was administered to 92 schoolchildren of two primary schools in that village on a voluntary basis, and 189 schoolchildren who were not vaccinated were used as controls
3840. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevnar; PNCRM7): a review of its use in the prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A booster DOSE of PNCRM7 elicited an anamnestic response to all seven serotypes
- Results of the base case analysis in a US study showed a cost-effectiveness ratio for PNCRM7 of US dollars 80,000 per life-year saved from a societal perspective compared with US dollars 176,000 from a healthcare payer perspective, assuming a nondiscounted list price of US dollars 58 per DOSE (1997 costs)
3841. Adjuvant therapy for patients with high-risk malignant melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The initial enthusiasm for high-DOSE interferon has been tempered by the results of more recent studies that allow for conflicting interpretations
3842. European approach to adjuvant treatment of intermediate- and high-risk malignant melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In Europe, there is no standard adjuvant systemic therapy; high-DOSE interferon (IFN) is used sporadically in individual patients by some physicians, but there is little enthusiasm for adopting this regimen as the standard of care because of its high toxicity profile and the lack of a clear beneficial impact on long-term survival
- Less toxic lower-DOSE maintenance IFN regimens, antiangiogenic agents, and vaccine therapies are currently being explored.
3843. Treatment of acute otitis media consensus recommendations.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Amoxicillin at conventional or high DOSEs (80-90 mg/kg/day) remains an appropriate choice for first-line therapy for AOM
- Appropriate options for second-line therapy include high-DOSE amoxicillin/clavulanate (90 mg/kg/day based on the amoxicillin component) and ceftriaxone
3844. Vaccination coverage of foreign-born children 19 to 35 months of age: findings from the National Immunization Survey, 1999-2000.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Foreign-born and US-born children 19 to 35 months of age had comparable 3:3:1 series coverage (3 or more DOSEs of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine [DTP/DTaP/DT], 3 or more DOSEs of poliovirus vaccine, and 1 or more DOSEs of measles-containing vaccine), the standard in most countries
- However, coverage for a US standard, 4:3:1:3 series (4 or more DOSEs of DTP/DTaP/DT, 3 or more DOSEs of poliovirus vaccine, 1 or more DOSEs of measles-containing vaccine, and an adequate number of Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib] DOSEs based on age at first DOSE) was lower among foreign-born children because of markedly lower Hib cover and marginally lower DTP/DTaP/DT coverage
3845. Expression in plants and immunogenicity of plant virus-based experimental rabies vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Following a single DOSE of conventional rabies virus vaccine, three of these individuals showed detectable levels of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies, whereas none of five controls revealed these antibodies
3846. The role of combined method in organ-sparing treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer recurrences.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All patients received different operations (transurethral resection and partial cystectomies) and definitive EBRT (total DOSE varied from 50 to 64 Gy with a mean of 60.5 Gy, 5 days a week)
3847. Clinical safety and efficacy of first indigenous recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Protective anti HBs titres developed in 22%, 77% and 100% one month after 1st, 2nd and 3rd DOSE of vaccination, respectively
- The geometric mean titre after the 3rd DOSE was 1015.29 mIu/ml
3848. [Safety of BCG vaccinations--adverse effects following immunization. Part II. Causes of complications. Clinical management].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3849. [Safety BCG vaccinations--adverse effects following immunization. Part I. Types, occurrence and registrations].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3850. [IMPACT OF THE IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM INTEGRATED TO THE EXPANDED IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM(EPI) IN HUANTA,1994-1997]
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three DOSEs of the recombinant DNA vaccine agains HBV were used for each child
- In the group of children from 1 to 4 years old, the schedule was: HBVI at child recruitment; HBV2: after 2 months of the first one, HBV3: after 6 month of the first one.RESULTS: One year after starting, 3 DOSE immunizations have been made in 1,386 (98.1%) children under one year old and 4,353 (84.1%) in children from 1 to 4 years old
3851. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunogenicity studies of the currently licensed heptavalent conjugated polysaccharide vaccine, (Prevnar, marketed by Wyeth Lederle Vaccines) demonstrated that infants vaccinated with three DOSEs 2 months apart at 2, 4, and 6 months of age successfully developed antibodies to all 7 serotypes; booster DOSEs at 12-15 months demonstrated an amnestic response for each serotype
- The ACIP recommends that infants receive the vaccine routinely at 2, 4 and 6 months with a fourth DOSE at 12 to 15 months of age
- Infants may receive the first DOSE as early as 6 weeks of age
3852. Progenipoietin-generated dendritic cells exhibit anti-tumor efficacy in a therapeutic murine tumor model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Subcutaneous administration of ProGP-4 to BALB/c mice at a DOSE of 40-100 microg/day for up to 12 consecutive days induces both CD11c(+) dendritic cells (DCs) and CD11c(-)/CD11b(+) granulocytes in spleen, blood and lymph nodes of treated animals
3853. Hepatitis B vaccination: long-term follow-up of the immune response of preterm infants and comparison of two vaccination protocols.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two three-DOSE protocols were compared: vaccination beginning within 24 h of birth to initial vaccination delayed until a weight of 2,000 g was reached
- The study population included 136 children, divided into three groups: children born prematurely (< or = 35 weeks, n = 57), children born at term (> or = 37 weeks, n = 39), both groups receiving the first DOSE of HBV within 24 h of birth, and children born prematurely (< or = 35 weeks, n = 40), who received the first DOSE of HBV when a weight of 2,000 g was reached
- All infants received the second hepatitis vaccination 1 month after the first, and the third DOSE 6 months after the first
- Hepatitis B surface antibody (AntiHBs) was measured at an age of 3-3.5 years (at least 2.5 years after completion of the three-DOSE HBV series)
3854. Cost-benefit analysis of hepatitis a vaccination in Thailand.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The cost of vaccination without screening in the 3-11-year group would equal the benefit if the cost of vaccine was about 586 baht/2 DOSEs (293 baht/DOSE), and about 500 baht/2 DOSEs (250 baht/DOSE) in the 12-18-year group
3855. Prevention and control of hepatitis B in China.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An official survey in 1999 using a cluster sampling of 25,878 children from 31 provinces reported an average coverage rate of three DOSE of hepatitis B vaccination of 70.7%, being higher in urban areas
3856. Field evaluation of the efficacy and immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine without HBIG in newborn Vietnamese infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All received a 5 microg DOSE of H-B-VAX II at birth
- Infants born to non-carrier mothers (Group 1; N = 1798) then received 2.5 microg DOSEs at 1 and 2 months of age, while infants of HBeAg-negative (Group 2; N = 125) or HBeAg-positive (Group 3; N = 88) carrier mothers received 5 microg DOSEs
3857. Immunotherapy with keyhole lampet hemocyanin-conjugated decapeptide vaccine in cypress pollen allergy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The primary end-point criterion was the threshold DOSE inducing a positive nasal challenge
3858. Rheumatic Fever and Long-term Sequelae in Children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A repository form of penicillin, benzathine penicillin G, given as an intramuscular injection at 3 weekly intervals in the DOSE of 1,200,000 U, remains the treatment of choice for secondary prevention of rheumatic fever
3859. Does oral polio vaccine cause intussusception in infants? Evidence from a sequence of three self-controlled cases series studies in the United Kingdom.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the exploratory study risk periods of up to 6 weeks after each DOSE were examined
- The only period with some evidence of an increased risk was the 14-27-day period after the third DOSE (relative incidence (RI) = 1.97, p = 0.011)
- The second hospital admissions study and the GPRD study showed no evidence of an increased relative incidence in any putative risk period and did not confirm the increased risk in the 14-27-day period after DOSE 3 with a combined RI of 1.03
3860. Diphtheria immunity of different age groups in Turkey.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In Turkey, the immunization policy against diphtheria involves childhood vaccination, and no routine booster DOSE is administered after 12 years of age
3861. Safety and efficacy of vaccination against hepatitis B in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The study comprised 44 patients with RA, of whom 22 received three DOSEs (the second and third DOSE being given after one and six months) of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine (study group) and 22 did not receive the vaccine (control group)
3862. Cidofovir in the treatment of poxvirus infections.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In vivo, cidofovir has shown high efficacy, even after administration of a single systemic (intraperitoneal) or intranasal (aerosolized) DOSE, in protecting mice from a lethal respiratory infection with either vaccinia or cowpox
3863. Inverse relationship between six week postvaccination varicella antibody response to vaccine and likelihood of long term breakthrough infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We vaccinated 1,164 healthy children with a single DOSE of varicella vaccine containing 2900 to 9000 plaque-forming units/DOSE
3864. Efficacy of CHO cell derived hepatitis B vaccine in children and adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3865. Improved tuberculosis DNA vaccines by formulation in cationic lipids.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Intranasal immunization with Ag85A DNA in saline was completely ineffective, whereas administration in GAP-DLRIE:DOPE induced a positive Th1-type cytokine response; however, the extent of the latter response was clearly lower than that obtained following intramuscular immunization with the same DNA DOSE
3866. Role of signal sequence in vaccine-induced protection against experimental coccidioidomycosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunization with the signal gene sequence significantly reduced the fungal burden in the lungs and spleens of mice 12 days after intraperitoneal challenge with a lethal DOSE of 2,500 C
3867. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of neonatal vaccination against Bordetella pertussis in a murine model: evidence for early control of pertussis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A significant resurgence of early cases of pertussis is being observed in infants too young to have yet completed their three-DOSE vaccination schedule
3868. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of two Escherichia coli cya crp mutants as vaccines for broilers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Attenuated derivatives (delta cya delta crp mutants) of an O2 and an O78 avian septicemic Escherichia coli strain were used to immunize broiler chickens by spray to determine the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the derivatives in single- and double-DOSE regimens
- Chickens vaccinated with the O2 strain, but not the O78 strain, had significantly lower air sac lesion scores compared with those of the unvaccinated groups in both single- and double-DOSE regimens
3869. An Outbreak of Varicella among children attending preschool and elementary school in Illinois.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The efficacy of varicella vaccine might be improved if administration of the initial vaccine DOSE is delayed until children are >/=15 months of age.
3870. Comparative efficacy and immunogenicity of Q fever chloroform:methanol residue (CMR) and phase I cellular (Q-Vax) vaccines in cynomolgus monkeys challenged by aerosol.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- CMR, whether administered in single 30 or 100 microg DOSEs or two 30 microg subcutaneous DOSEs, gave equivalent protection in vaccine recipients as a single 30 microg DOSE of Q-Vax
3871. Efficacy of a B virus gD DNA vaccine for induction of humoral and cellular immune responses in Japanese macaques.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunogenicity of this construct as a DNA vaccine was assessed in adult Japanese macaques by four intracutaneous injections at a DOSE of 500 microg per head
3872. Metastatic colorectal cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Careful patient selection and adherence to strict DOSE adjustments are essential to prevent significant toxicity when patients are treated on this regimen
3873. Intermediate- and high-risk melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In recent randomized trials conducted by the cooperative groups in the United States of patients at high risk for recurrence (patients with thick primary melanomas and those with regional lymph node metastases) administered adjuvant therapy with high-DOSE interferon alfa-2b (HDI), relapse-free survival and overall survival rates improved significantly
- Research efforts in this area continue to assess the role of intermediate-DOSE interferon, but there is no convincing evidence of success of the lower-DOSE regimens, despite the reduction in toxicity
3874. GMK (Progenics Pharmaceuticals).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine is undergoing two phase III trials, the first comparing GMK to high-DOSE IFNalpha in melanoma patients with more serious disease and at a high risk of relapse, and the second, in collaboration with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, comparing GMK (14 DOSEs of GMK over three years) to no treatment other than close monitoring of malignant melanoma patients at immediate risk of relapse [409168]
3875. Drug treatment of pediatric chronic hepatitis B.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Lamivudine DOSE-ranging studies showed a higher clearance in children, and the optimal dosage was established to be 3 mg/kg once daily in children up to 12 years of age
3876. Group C meningococcal vaccine trial: safety, immunogenicity and parents' views of participation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Post-vaccination antibody levels increased progressively after each DOSE of conjugate vaccine
3877. [Serratia marcescens vaccine in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thirty-four patients with malignant pleural effusion were given S311 as intrapleural injection with a DOSE of 10(9) U (0.32 mg) on D 1, 8 and 15, and observed for four weeks
3878. Effects of DNA dose, route of vaccination, and coadministration of porcine interleukin-6 DNA on results of DNA vaccination against influenza virus infection in pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To examine the effects of DNA DOSE, site of vaccination, and coadministration of a cytokine DNA adjuvant on efficacy of H1-subtype swine influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) DNA vaccination of pigs
- 2 DOSEs of DNA were administered 27 days apart by use of a particle-mediated delivery system (gene gun)
- Different DOSEs of HA DNA and different sites of DNA administration (skin, tongue) were studied, as was coadministration of porcine interleukin-6 (pIL-6) DNA as an adjuvant
- Increasing the DOSE of HA DNA, but not coadministration of pIL6 DNA, significantly enhanced virus-specific serum antibody responses
3879. Ex vivo gene therapy using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced tumor vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- No DOSE-limiting side effects have been observed, and a few patients have had transient objective tumor regressions
3880. Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in low birth weight and preterm infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Initiation of immunization and intervals between DOSEs were similar for all groups
- Fever and local events after PCV vaccination were similar when adjusted for clustering among multiple DOSEs per child
- When stratified for individual DOSEs there was more redness and swelling for LBW infants and more swelling for PT infants after DOSE 3
3881. Effect of differing immunization policies on circulating measles antibody levels in US and Canadian children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Healthy, volunteer US and Canadian children aged 6 to 11 years who had been immunized with a single DOSE of the measles vaccine were enrolled from 1991 to 1993
- We found a significant DOSE-response relationship between age at the time of immunization and the odds of being seropositive after immunization, with ORs varying from 1 with immunization at 13 months or younger to 2.30 with immunization at 16 months of age (P=.01)
- The current US policy of immunizing with the first DOSE of measles at the age of 12 months may be less effective than a policy of immunizing at 12 to 15 months of age
3882. Seroconversion after hepatitis B vaccination in healthy young adults, and the effect of a booster dose.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The study was done to determine the protective efficacy of vaccination in healthy young adults 1 to 4 years after the three DOSE vaccination series and to study the effect of a booster DOSE on non-responders and hypo-responders
- 258 volunteers from five batches of medical students vaccinated with three DOSEs of the recombinant vaccine at 0, 1 and 6 months
- 86.3% of non-responders developed protective anti-HBs titres after a booster DOSE
- Testing of blood for anti-HBs one month after vaccination is recommended to recognise non-responders as a booster DOSE will be beneficial in the majority of them.
3883. [Will the effectiveness of the immunization of chicks with live Salmonella vaccines be affected by maternal antibodies?].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To ensure efficacy of the active oral immunisation of chicks from vaccinated parent birds with attenuated live Salmonella vaccines also in case where amounts of maternally transferred antibodies are even higher, it should be guaranteed that chicks take in via drinking water the recommended DOSE of the vaccine strain
3884. [Hepatitis B in children: natural history and therapy].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The optimal DOSE for children is established to 3 mg/kg once daily up to 12 years old
3885. Vaccination of donkeys against Babesia equi using killed merozoite immunogen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- equi infected blood so as to contain lysate of 2 x 10(10) parasitised erythrocytes per DOSE
3886. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in India during 1999: decreased risk despite massive use of oral polio vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The following estimates of VAPP risk were made: overall risk, 1 case per 4.1 to 4.6 million OPV DOSEs administered; recipient risk,1 case per 12.2 million; first-DOSE recipient risk, 1 case per 2.8 million; and subsequent-DOSE recipient risk, 1 case per 13.9 million
- On the basis of data from a highly sensitive surveillance system the estimated VAPP risk in India is evidently lower than that in other countries, notwithstanding the administration of multiple OPV DOSEs to children in mass immunization campaigns.
3887. Comparative analysis of titers of antibody against measles virus in sera of vaccinated and naturally infected Japanese individuals of different age groups.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It should be emphasized that protective immunity induced by the one-DOSE vaccination currently implemented in Japan may not be strong enough to ensure lifelong immunity
- A two-DOSE vaccination program with higher vaccination coverage needs to be considered in order to effectively control measles in Japan.
3888. Brucellosis in wildlife.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The probability of brucellosis becoming established and being sustainable in a species depends on a combination of factors including host susceptibility, infectious DOSE, contact with infected animals, management and environmental factors
3889. [Update on childhood immunization in Switzerland].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Recent seroepidemiologic data on the dynamics of decay of maternal measles antibodies in infants may lead to the recommendation of administering the first DOSE of the measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccine at twelve months rather than at 15 to 23 months of age
3890. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined high dose hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine, compared to that of Twinrix in healthy Indian children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Further, the efficacy of two versus three DOSE schedule needs to be assessed to improve compliance
- One hundred healthy school children, aged 1-15 years were recruited in a randomised open study to receive either vaccination schedule: Group I: combined high-DOSE hepatitis A and B vaccine to be administered on a 0, 6 month schedule intramuscularly; Group II: to be administered on 0, 1, 6 month Twinrix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) schedule intramuscularly
- The seroconversion (> or =1MIU/ml for anti-HBs antibodies and > or =33MIU/ml for anti-HAV antibodies) and seroprotection (anti-HBs > or =10MIU/ml after the third DOSE of vaccine) rates were determined at months 1, 2, and 7
- The incidence of any symptom per DOSE analysis reported during a 4-day follow-up period was significantly higher in Group I, 53% (52/98) of the documented DOSEs compared to 37% (54/146) in Group II (P=0.018)
- Further study of the high DOSE vaccine would determine if its two DOSE regimen is a feasible advantage.
3891. Optimizing dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in multiple myeloma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Five patients (three IgG and two IgA myeloma) with stable partial remission following high-DOSE chemotherapy were enrolled
3892. Long-term follow-up of a randomized prospective trial comparing a standard 81 mg dose of intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin with a reduced dose of 27 mg in superficial bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine the efficacy of a three-fold reduced DOSE (RD, 27 mg) of intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) against the standard DOSE (81 mg) in patients with superficial bladder cancer, assessing recurrence, progression and differences in toxicity
- In patients presenting with multifocal tumours, the standard DOSE was more effective against recurrences than the RD (P=0.0151)
- In those with G3 and high-risk tumours overall, the superiority of the standard DOSE was marginal (P=0.060 and P=0.082)
- The standard DOSE was more effective than the RD against progression only in patients with multifocal disease (P=0.048)
- However, severe systemic toxicity occurred even in patients treated with the RD, in a similar proportion to those receiving the standard DOSE
- However, patients with multifocal tumours fared better with the standard DOSE and there was a trend towards better recurrence rates in patients with high-risk tumours
- We recommend continuing to use the standard DOSE for high-risk tumours, while we consider the reduced DOSE safe and effective for intermediate-risk lesions and for maintenance schedules.
3893. New molecular targets of breast cancer therapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Typical DOSE escalation studies leading to the highest clinically still tolerated DOSE do not appear to be equally appropriate for the estimation of efficiency of those compounds as for conventional cytotoxic regimes
3894. Phase I trial of a B7-1 (CD80) gene modified autologous tumor cell vaccine in combination with systemic interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The DOSE of the vaccine was escalated in 3 separate cohorts of patients, and systemic interleukin-2 (IL-2) was administered as an adjuvant designed to enhance the proliferation of the vaccine activated T cells
3895. [Immediate immunological effect of China-made recombinant hepatitis B vaccine expressed by transgenic Chinese hamster ovary cell line].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 2 969 newborns in seven townships in Zhengding County, Hebei Province, were vaccinated with 10 microgram x 3 DOSEs of China-made recombinant hepatitis B vaccine expressed by transgenic Chinese hamster ovary cell line according to the 0 - 1 - 6 month schedule from 1 January 1997 to 31 August 1999
- The newborns were to be vaccinated with the first DOSE within 24 hours after they were born
- 2 783 of the 2 969 newborns (93.74%) were vaccinated with three DOSEs, 2 833 of them (95.42%) were vaccinated with the first DOSE within 24 hours after they were born
3896. Immune protection against staphylococcal enterotoxin-induced toxic shock by vaccination with a Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mice inoculated subcutaneously with mSEB-VRPs were protected (15 of 20 mice) from a challenge with 5 median lethal DOSE units of wild-type (wt) SEB
3897. Real versus theoretical: assessing the risks and benefits of postponing the hepatitis B vaccine birth dose.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3898. Effects of buprenorphine on immunogenicity and protective efficacy in the guinea pig keratoconjunctivitis model (Sereny test).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Results of this study suggest that buprenorphine, administered at an analgesic DOSE of 0.05 mg/kg of body weight twice daily, can be successfully used with the model without significantly affecting immunologic evaluation of Shigella vaccine candidates
3899. Clinical responses to undiluted and diluted smallpox vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When given by a bifurcated needle, vaccinia virus vaccine can be diluted to a titer as low as 10(7.0) pfu per milliliter (approximately 10,000 pfu per DOSE) and induce local viral replication and vesicle formation in more than 97 percent of persons.
3900. Systemic and intestinal antibody secreting cell responses and protection in gnotobiotic pigs immunized orally with attenuated Wa human rotavirus and Wa 2/6-rotavirus-like-particles associated with immunostimulating complexes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The 250 microg 2/6VLP DOSE was more effective than 100 microg
- The highest mean numbers of IgA antibody secreting cells evaluated by ELISPOT in intestinal lymphoid tissues were in pigs receiving AttHRV+2/6VLP-ISCOM or three DOSEs of AttHRV and were associated with the highest protection rates.
3901. Molecular biology of lung cancer: clinical implications.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Such molecular screening and detection efforts will likely be coupled to advances in low-DOSE computed tomographic imaging, positron emission tomography scans, and other imaging modalities
3902. Interleukin-2 and interleukin-15: immunotherapy for cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The application of high, intermediate, and low/ultra low DOSE IL-2 therapy in clinical trials of cancer patients is discussed, along with new avenues for its use in neoplastic diseases
3903. Nutritional status in relation to the efficacy of the rhesus-human reassortant, tetravalent rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) in infants from Belém, pará state, Brazil.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The protective efficacy of 3 DOSEs of RRV-TV, in its lower-titer (4 x 10(4) pfu/DOSE) formulation, was evaluated according to the nutritional status of infants who participated in a phase III trial in Belém, Northern Brazil
3904. Mucosal or parenteral administration of microsphere-associated Bacillus anthracis protective antigen protects against anthrax infection in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Existing licensed anthrax vaccines are administered parenterally and require multiple DOSEs to induce protective immunity
- All of the microspheric formulations were administered to A/J mice with a two-DOSE schedule by either the intramuscular route, the intranasal route, or a combination of these two routes, and immunogenicity and protective efficacy were assessed
- Despite differences in rPA-specific antibody titers, all immunized mice survived an injected challenge consisting of 10(3) median lethal DOSEs of Bacillus anthracis STI spores
- Immunization with microencapsulated and microsphere-associated formulations of rPA also protected against aerosol challenge with 30 median lethal DOSEs of STI spores
- Microspheric formulations of rPA could represent the next generation of anthrax vaccines, which could require fewer DOSEs because they are more potent, are less reactogenic than currently available human anthrax vaccines, and could be self-administered without injection.
3905. Randomized, controlled human challenge study of the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of a single dose of Peru-15, a live attenuated oral cholera vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We wished to determine whether a single oral DOSE of Peru-15 was safe and immunogenic and whether it would provide significant protection against moderate and severe diarrhea in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human volunteer cholera challenge model
3906. Preexisting inflammation due to Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection differentially modulates T-cell priming against a replicating or nonreplicating immunogen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- monocytogenes DOSE increased L
3907. The effect of high dose and short interval HBV vaccination in individuals with chronic hepatitis C.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Our aim was to assess the response rate to high DOSE, short interval HBV vaccination in such individuals
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive subjects who did not seroconvert to anti-hepatitis B surface positivity after the third DOSE of the vaccine (nonresponder) were vaccinated with a fourth DOSE of vaccine (booster DOSE, 80 microg)
- Although individuals with chronic hepatitis C responded less frequently to high DOSE, short interval HBV vaccination than did the controls, no differences in terms of effective immunity (>100 mIU/ml) were evident among the two groups of responders (51% vs 54%)
- After the additional booster DOSE, the overall response was increased to 74% of the cirrhotics and 88% of the noncirrhotics
- A high DOSE, short interval HBV vaccination schedule is safe in individuals with chronic hepatitis C
- From these data, it is suggested that a high DOSE and a short interval between HBV vaccinations may produce an effective and early antibody response in such patients.
3908. [Studies on immunization strategies for hepatitis B in different endemic areas of China].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The greatest benefit cost ratio (BCR) was provided by the low-DOSE immunization strategy, which was 49.91, 54.53 and 37.68, respectively for heavy, medium and low endemic areas of HB
- The maximal net benefit could be obtained by the high-DOSE immunization strategy with better immune protective efficacy
- CWSA showed that the low-DOSE immunization strategy was the optimal one for HB immunization
- It is suggested that the low-DOSE immunization strategy be implemented in undeveloped areas to obtain a greater BCR, and the high-DOSE one be implemented in more developed areas to obtain more net benefit and lower prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen carriage.
3909. Efficacy of subunit trivalent influenza vaccine in previously vaccinated children suffering from hemophilia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- METHODS: In autumn 1996-97, 38 previously vaccinated hemophiliac patients were subcutaneously immunized with a single 0.5-mL DOSE of subunit influenza vaccine containing the following three virus strains: A/Singapore/6/86 (H1N1), A/Wuhan/359/95 (H3N2) and B/Beijing/184/93 (HB)
3910. [Protective efficacy of H2 strain live attenuated hepatitis A vaccines in an outbreak of hepatitis A].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A booster DOSE of HA vaccine should be vaccinated for children in adequate time.
3911. Early protection against homologous challenge after a single dose of replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 expressing capsid proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strain A24.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Previously we demonstrated that two DOSEs of a replication-defective human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) carrying the capsid (P1) and 3C protease coding regions of a laboratory strain of FMDV (A12) completely protected five of six swine challenged with homologous virus
- The objective of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of one DOSE of an Ad5-vectored vaccine expressing the P1 coding region of an FMDV field strain
3912. Adenovirus-mediated CD40 ligand gene-engineered dendritic cells elicit enhanced CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cell activation and antitumor immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination of mice with Mut1 peptide-pulsed control virus-transfected DC (DC(pLpA)) could only protect mice from challenge of a low DOSE (0.5 x 10(5) cells per mouse, 8/8 mice), but not a high DOSE (3 x 10(5) cells per mouse, 0/8 mice) of 3LL tumor cells
- However, vaccination of Mut1 peptide-pulsed AdV-CD40L-transfected DC(CD40L) induced an augmented antitumor immunity in vivo by complete protection of mice (8/8) from challenge of both low and high DOSEs of 3LL tumor cells
3913. Naturally attenuated, orally administered Mycobacterium microti as a tuberculosis vaccine is better than subcutaneous Mycobacterium bovis BCG.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- High-DOSE orogastric vaccination with M
3914. Intranasal immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines with LT-K63, a nontoxic mutant of heat-Labile enterotoxin, as adjuvant rapidly induces protective immunity against lethal pneumococcal infections in neonatal mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE of Pnc1-TT and LT-K63 induced significantly higher PPS-1-specific IgG responses than s.c
- DOSEs were required to induce complete protection
3915. [A field evaluation of the epidemiological efficacy of an attenuated live hepatitis A vaccine (H2 strain)].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children in the vaccine group were given a DOSE of 10(6.5) TCID50/ml attenuated live hepatitis A vaccine while those in the control group were given nothing
3916. Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine diluted tenfold in diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccine: a randomized trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We report a randomized trial comparing the use of Hib conjugate vaccine diluted in a multiDOSE vial of DTP with that of the full Hib DOSE
- We randomized 168 infants to receive either the full DOSE Hib polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate (PRP-T) vaccine or a 1/10 dilution prepared by reconstituting the full DOSE in a 10-DOSE DTP vial
- Infants were vaccinated at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age and received a full DOSE as a test of immunologic memory at 9 months of age
- Sera were collected at each visit and at 1 week after the booster DOSE
- After the primary vaccination series, 95% of infants in the full DOSE arm and 94% of infants in the 1/10 DOSE arm achieved anti-PRP IgG antibody concentrations of > or = 1.0 microg/ml
- Infants receiving the diluted vaccine had significantly higher titers of anti-PRP antibody in response to the booster DOSE (151.36 microg/ml vs
- The 1/10 DOSE of PRP-T was as immunogenic and safe as the full DOSE
- The technique of diluting a single DOSE of PRP-T in a 10-DOSE DTP vial could potentially allow the widespread introduction of Hib vaccine in resource-poor countries currently unable to afford full DOSE Hib conjugate vaccine.
3917. Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccination in elk. I. Efficacy of reduced dosage.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These results suggest that a single DOSE of 1 x 10(8) to 1 x 10(9) CFU RB51 does not provide significant protection against B
- However, the vaccine appears to be safe at this DOSE and additional study may reveal a more effective RB51 vaccine regimen for elk.
3918. Macroflux microprojection array patch technology: a new and efficient approach for intracutaneous immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSEs of I to 80 microg of OVA were delivered via 1- or 2-cm2 systems by varying the coating solution concentration and wearing time
- In a prime and boost DOSE immune response study, OVA-coated Macroflux was most comparable to equivalent DOSEs injected intradermally
- Higher antibody titers were observed when OVA was administered with the microprojection array or intradermally at low DOSEs (1 and 5 microg)
- Macroflux administration at 1- and 5-microg DOSEs gave immune responses up to 50-fold greater than that observed after the same subcutaneous or intramuscular DOSE
3919. Production of antibodies to recombinant antigens from Lucilia cuprina following cutaneous immunisation of sheep.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Antibody to antigens derived from the peritrophic membrane can stunt or kill larvae in a DOSE dependent fashion
3920. Combined vaccination by measles and hepatitis B vaccines: a new cause of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- He had received measles and a third DOSE of hepatitis B vaccines 2 weeks before the onset of the eruption
3921. Autologous dendritic cells transfected with prostate-specific antigen RNA stimulate CTL responses against metastatic prostate tumors.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In 13 study subjects, escalating DOSEs of PSA mRNA-transfected DCs were administered with no evidence of DOSE-limiting toxicity or adverse effects, including autoimmunity
3922. Impact of multiple dose measles vaccination on measles transmission patterns in Gweru, Zimbabwe.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Multiple DOSE measles vaccination was applied in Gweru, Zimbabwe in 1990-1996
- Using measles disease surveillance data the study compared measles transmission patterns under single DOSE vaccination in 1983-1989 and under multiple DOSE vaccination in 1990-1996
- It was concluded that under multiple DOSE vaccination, lower measles incidence rates occurred most likely due to reduction of both vaccine failures and cases aged 60-119 months.
3923. H2 strain attenuated live hepatitis A vaccines:protective efficacy in a hepatitis A outbreak.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- AIM:To investigate the protective efficacy of H2 strain attenuated live hepatitis A vaccines (H2-strain vaccines) in hepatitis A (HA) outbreaks.METHODS:With the permission of their parents, 5551 pre-school and grade 1-3 primary school children were inoculated with 1 DOSE (10(6.5) TCID(50)) of H2 strain vaccines in a nonrandomized, controlled trial conducted in Fucheng County, Hebei Province in May 1997.Another 6485 children in the same grades and compatible in gender and age were enrolled as controls
- In subjects tested for anti-HAV IgM from 13 villages, 1(0.40%) overt and 11(4.06%) asymptomatic HAV cases were found in 271 vaccinees but 21(6.69%) of overt and asymptomatic ones were found in 314 controls.CONCLUSION:H2 strain vaccines were excellent in preventing overt hepatitis A,but not so effective in preventing asymptomatic hepatitis A virus infection.A booster DOSE might be needed to get permanent reliable immunity.
3924. A 12-year cohort study on the efficacy of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in rural newborns.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- AIM:To understand the anti HBs persistence and the long-term preventive efficacy in rural newborns after vaccination with plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine.METHODS:In the time of expanded program on immunization (EPI), the newborns were vaccinated with 10&mgr;gcenter dot3 DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine and 762 newborns who were HBsAg negative after primary immunization were selected for cohort observation from 1986 to 1998
- Compared with the baseline before immunization, the protective rates were 97.19% and 95.32% respectively.CONCLUSION:The protective efficacy of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine persisted at least 12 years, and a booster DOSE seems not necessary within at least 12 years after the primary three-DOSEs immunization to newborns born to HBsAg negative mothers.
3925. Efficacy of pertussis components in an acellular vaccine, as assessed in a murine model of respiratory infection and a murine intracerebral challenge model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3926. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the adult tetanus-diphtheria vaccine. How many doses are necessary?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These rose to 99.5% and 81.7%, respectively, after administration of one vaccine DOSE
- In group II, 3 DOSEs of Td vaccine were needed to reach titres similar to those achieved in group I with a single DOSE
3927. The protective efficacy of a recombinant VP2-based African horsesickness subunit vaccine candidate is determined by adjuvant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSEs of 10 and 50microg of rVP2 administered with saponin induced full protection to a lethal challenge, albeit with DOSE-related side effects
3928. Mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin [LT(R192G)] enhances protective humoral and cellular immune responses to orally administered inactivated influenza vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Compared with administration of oral influenza vaccine alone, co-administration of vaccine with LT(R192G) provided enhanced protection from infection in the upper and lower respiratory tract equivalent to and at similar DOSEs as that obtained with wtLT
3929. Efficiency of protection of guinea pigs against infection with Bacillus anthracis spores by passive immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The time dependence and antibody DOSE necessary for conferring postexposure protection by the various antibodies of guinea pigs infected with 25 50% lethal DOSEs of Vollum spores was examined
3930. [Measles epidemic in the Netherlands, 1999-2000].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of the 158 (5%) vaccinated patients, 157 had not (yet) received a second DOSE of vaccine
3931. Developing vaccines against pandemic influenza.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Our ability to mass produce influenza vaccines against a pandemic threat was well illustrated by the production of over 150 million DOSEs of 'swine flu' vaccine in the USA within a 3 month period in 1976
- A consistent feature of the vaccine trials is the demonstration that one conventional 15 microg haemagglutinin DOSE of vaccine is not sufficiently immunogenic in naive individuals
- Much larger DOSEs or two lower DOSEs are needed to induce satisfactory immunity
3932. Efficacy of a cold-adapted, intranasal, equine influenza vaccine: challenge trials.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The results of this study showed that 6 months after a single DOSE of vaccine the duration and severity of clinical signs were markedly reduced amongst vaccinated animals exposed to a severe live-virus challenge
3933. Duration of immunity induced by an adjuvanted and inactivated equine influenza, tetanus and equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 combination vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two weeks after the administration of the second DOSE in the later group, all groups (A, B, C and an unvaccinated control group D) were challenged with EHV-4
3934. Rotavirus vaccine AVANT/GlaxoSmithKline.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The results suggested that AVANT's two-DOSE oral rotavirus vaccine should be helpful in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis (RGE) disease in young children for at least two years following administration [365202]
3935. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of replication-incompetent influenza virus-like particles.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When challenged with lethal DOSEs of an antigenically homologous mouse-adapted influenza virus, 94% of mice vaccinated with the NS2-knockout VLPs survived, compared with less than 10% of those given the NS-deficient VLPs
3936. Control of hepatitis A through routine vaccination of children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During the study period, 29 789 (66.2%) of an estimated 44 982 eligible children received at least 1 vaccine DOSE; 17 681 (39.3%) received a second DOSE
- One of the 27 case patients eligible for vaccination had been vaccinated, having received the first DOSE 3 days before symptom onset
3937. Efficacy of RTS,S/AS02 malaria vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum infection in semi-immune adult men in The Gambia: a randomised trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 306 men aged 18-45 years were randomly assigned three DOSEs of either RTS,S/AS02 or rabies vaccine (control)
- Volunteers were given sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine 2 weeks before DOSE 3, and kept under surveillance throughout the malaria transmission season
- 250 men (131 in the RTS,S/AS02 group and 119 in the control group) received three DOSEs of vaccine and were followed up for 15 weeks
- 158 men received a fourth DOSE the next year and were followed up for 9 weeks; during this time, vaccine efficacy was 47% (4-71, p=0.037)
3938. Treatment of metastatic melanoma with autologous, hapten-modified melanoma vaccine: regression of pulmonary metastases.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Ninety-seven patients (83 evaluable) with surgically incurable metastatic melanoma were treated with DNP vaccine preceded by low-DOSE cyclophosphamide
3939. A human volunteer challenge model using frozen bacteria of the new epidemic serotype, V. cholerae O139 in Thai volunteers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A total of 35 volunteers were recruited for an IRB-approved inpatient DOSE-escalation challenge
- The goal was to identify a DOSE that produced an observed cholera attack rate > or =80% and an illness of sufficient severity during the defined study period such that the model would be useful for determining vaccine protection
- Only 2 out of 5 volunteers who received the lowest DOSE (4.3 x 10(4) cfu) had diarrhea
- At the highest DOSE tested, approximately 5 x 10(7) cfu, the attack rate was 73%
3940. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a vaccine prepared from 53 kDa truncated hepatitis E virus capsid protein expressed in insect cells.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Previously, it was shown that vaccination with the 56kDa protein greatly reduced virus shedding and protected Rhesus monkeys from hepatitis E when challenged with a high intravenous DOSE of homologous or heterologous HEV
- To evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the 53kDa protein, we vaccinated Rhesus monkeys with this protein and challenged them with a high or low DOSE of homologous virus
- Vaccination with the 53kDa protein greatly reduced virus shedding but did not protect against hepatitis following the high DOSE challenge
- Virus was not detected in the vaccinated animals following the low DOSE challenge, suggesting that sterilizing immunity may have been achieved.
3941. Antibodies to Plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking vaccine candidate antigens Pvs25 and Pvs28 do not show synergism.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mice immunized with a low DOSE of the chimeric molecule (Pvs25-28) developed higher antibody responses compared with mice immunized with either Pvs25 or Pvs28
3942. Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of three lots of intranasal trivalent influenza vaccine among young children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Overall 474 children received 2 DOSEs, 2 months apart
- After 2 DOSEs of vaccine 97, 84 and 62% had hemagglutination inhibition titers > or = 1/32 against A/H3N2, B and H1N1 strains, respectively
- For A/H3N2 only, immune responses after 1 DOSE of vaccine are similar to those seen after 2 DOSEs
3943. Assessment of protective efficacy of live and killed vaccines based on a non-encapsulated mutant of Streptococcus suis serotype 2.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- SPF pigs were vaccinated twice intramuscularly at 4 and 7 weeks of age with a DOSE of 1 x 10(9) formalin-killed CFU of the wild-type (WT-BAC), formalin-killed non-encapsulated mutant (CM-BAC) or live non-encapsulated mutant (CM-LIVE) strain
3944. Safety and efficacy of an oil-adjuvant vaccine against haemorrhagic septicaemia in buffalo calves: cross-protection between the serotypes B:2,5 and E:2,5.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For safety testing, five buffalo calves were vaccinated intramuscularly with twice the normal DOSE, and six weeks later with a normal DOSE
- In the first, buffalo calves were vaccinated intramuscularly either with two DOSEs two-and-a-half months apart, or with a single DOSE, or left unvaccinated
- After challenge at eight months the four buffaloes given two DOSEs and the buffalo given one DOSE were protected, whereas the control animal developed the typical signs of the disease
- In the second trial, buffalo calves were vaccinated intramuscularly either with two DOSEs two months apart, or with a single DOSE at two months or left unvaccinated
- After challenge at eight months the four control animals died, whereas three of the four buffaloes given a single DOSE were protected
- After challenge at 14 months, the three control animals died, whereas four of the five buffaloes given two DOSEs and both the buffaloes given a single DOSE were protected
3945. G17DT--a new weapon in the therapeutic armoury for gastrointestinal malignancy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Use of an optimised DOSE has yielded a high proportion of responders (> 80%), with minimal side effects and antibody titres measurable within 2-4 weeks
3946. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induced sero-protection in end stage renal failure patients to hepatitis B in vaccine non-responders.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of GM-CSF as an adjuvant to HB vaccine in ESRF patients who were non-responders to the usual three double DOSE vaccinations (primary non-responders)
- Anti-HBs titres were subsequently tested after four weeks of the third DOSE
- Twelve (Group I) of primary non-responders were given an additional DOSE of HB vaccine with 300 microg (5-6 microg/kg) of GM-CSF (Leucomax) and the remaining seven (Group II) received only an additional DOSE of HB vaccine
3947. Evaluation of an early two-dose measles vaccination schedule.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Dade County, Florida, began this early two-DOSE schedule during a large epidemic in 1986-1987 (i.e., 22% of cases occurred in infants aged 6-11 months)
- The effect of an early two-DOSE schedule on measles prevention in the county was examined by comparing measles vaccination coverage and epidemiology before (1985-1987) and after (1988-1996) the schedule became routine
- Among those aged 2 years, vaccination coverage with > or =1 DOSE increased from 75% to 94% in 1996
- Seroprevalence of plaque reduction neutralization antibody (titer > 1:120) among those receiving vaccination according to an early two-DOSE schedule and a single DOSE at age > or =12 months was 94% (95% confidence interval: 89, 98) and 98% (95% confidence interval: 95, 100)
- Early two-DOSE measles vaccination is associated with improved coverage and a comparably high level of humoral immunity and clinical protection as a single DOSE at age > or =12 months
3948. Assessing efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccinated infants also can be considered protected if their serum anticapsular antibody concentrations are > or =0.15 microg/mL immediately before the booster DOSE given in the second year of life, when antibody concentrations are lowest
3949. Immunotherapy of Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Pilot studies combining radiolabeled antibodies with either standard DOSE chemotherapy or myeloablative chemoradiotherapy with stem cell transplantation also appear very promising
3950. The Gay Men's Task Force: the impact of peer education on the sexual health behaviour of homosexual men in Glasgow.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Peer education DOSE effects were suggested, with the likelihood of HIV testing, hepatitis B vaccination, and use of sexual health services being greater among men who reported talking to peer educators more than once
3951. Evaluation of cholera vaccines formulated with toxin-coregulated pilin peptide plus polymer adjuvant in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Infant mice born to the immunized mothers showed 100% protection against a 50% lethal DOSE (1 LD(50)) challenge and 50% protection against a 10-LD(50) challenge with virulent strain O395
3952. [Impact of vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in Cuba].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among children in the target group who contracted Hib meningitis, only 8 cases (24.2%) had been vaccinated, most with a single DOSE applied 1 month before becoming ill
3953. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the immunogenicity of a candidate vaccine against American tegumentary leishmaniasis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One hundred and fourteen leishmanin skin test (LST)-negative healthy volunteers were allocated into eight groups that received either two or three deep intramuscular injections of vaccine at DOSEs of 180, 360 and 540 microg or similar injections of placebo
- The DOSE of 360 microg provided the highest LST conversion rate (100%), as well as the greatest increase in interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 production after vaccination.
3954. Cross neutralization of the lethal activities of Myanmar and Thai Russell's viper venoms by Thai and Myanmar antivenoms.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3955. Sustained efficacy during the first 6 years of life of 3-component acellular pertussis vaccines administered in infancy: the Italian experience.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During the trial, the children had been randomized to receive 3 DOSEs of 1 of 2 acellular pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DT) or of a DT vaccine only, at 2, 4, and 6 months of age
- The persistence of protection through 6 years of age suggests that the fourth DTaP DOSE could be postponed until preschool age in children who received 3-component acellular pertussis vaccines in infancy, provided that immunity to diphtheria and tetanus is maintained
- Additional booster DOSEs could be administered at older ages to reduce reactogenicity induced by multiple administrations and to optimize the control of pertussis in adolescents and young adults.
3956. Cost-effectiveness analysis of changing from live oral poliovirus vaccine to inactivated poliovirus vaccine in Australia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Cost-effectiveness of two different four-DOSE IPV schedules (monovalent vaccine and IPV-containing combination vaccine) compared with the current four-DOSE oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) schedule for Australian children through age six years
- At $20 per DOSE for monovalent vaccine and $14 per DOSE for the IPV component in a combination vaccine, the change would incur incremental, annual costs of $19.5 million ($49.3 million per VAPP case prevented) and $6.7 million ($17.0 million per VAPP case prevented), respectively
- Threshold analysis identified break-even prices per DOSE of $1 for monovalent and $7 for combination vaccines
3957. Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- the duration of protection and the effect of a booster DOSE in children under 2 years of age
- The only trial that assessed the effect of a booster DOSE in children less than 18 months old, lacked adequate statistical power
- While the vaccine was strongly protective among children aged 3 months and over in developed countries, the number of participants aged under 2 years was too small to draw firm conclusions on the protective effect of, or need for, a booster DOSE of vaccine.
3958. Factors associated with hepatitis B virus immunization coverage at the beginning of a population campaign in the Lazio region, Italy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The probability of completing HBV immunization was higher among children who had had the first DOSE "age-appropriately" or with "acceptable delay" and among those living in small cities
- The timing of the first DOSE was the strongest predictor of completing vaccination also at the beginning of the campaign.
3959. Vaccination of mice with live recombinant Salmonella typhimurium aroA against H. pylori: parameters associated with prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Single DOSE oral vaccination effectively induced prophylactic immunity against bacterial challenge in BALB/c mice
- BALB/c mice also needed higher DOSEs of SL3261[pYZ97] for full protection
- Urease- and carrier-specific serum antibody responses as well as the level of colonization by the Salmonella were analyzed in both mouse strains after immunization with low (4 x 10(7)CFU) or high (1 x 10(9)CFU) vaccine DOSEs
3960. Laboratory testing of whole cell pertussis vaccine: a WHO proficiency study using the Kendrick test.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
3961. Safety of a new conjugate meningococcal C vaccine in infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Data on adverse events occurring one month after each DOSE were collected actively and prospectively and reviewed for possible relation to the vaccine
3962. Assessment of long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Individuals with antibody against the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti-HBs) titer lower than 100 mIU/ml were administered a booster DOSE and antibodies determined 30 days later
- In 125 subjects in which a booster DOSE was administered a significant increase in geometric mean of anti-HBs titer was observed (609 mIU/ml) as compared to late (13 mlU/ ml) and early post-vaccination antibody levels (256 mIU/ml, Wilcoxon's test, p < 0.001) suggesting the existence of an anamnestic response
- We conclude that in immunocompetent population it is not necessary to administer a booster DOSE 6.5 years after hepatitis B vaccination.
3963. Preexposure efficacy of a novel combination DNA and inactivated rabies virus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study, we report a novel combination rabies vaccine (CRV) containing a low DOSE of cell culture-derived inactivated rabies virus vaccine and DRV
- The quantity of inactivated rabies virus vaccine required for enhancing the potency of DRV can be 625-fold lower than that of a standard DOSE of inactivated rabies virus vaccine
- Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that co-inoculation of DNA vaccine and a low DOSE of inactivated virus vaccine can be developed into a novel cost-effective vaccination strategy for combating rabies in particular, and infectious diseases in general.
3964. Planning, registration, and implementation of an immunisation campaign against meningococcal serogroup C disease in the UK: a success story.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The introduction of meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccine in the UK in November 1999 as a routine 3 DOSE infant immunisation course, with a single catch-up DOSE for all children aged between 12 months and 17 years, was the result of an intensive 5 year collaborative research programme funded by the Department of Health for England and involving public bodies, academia and vaccine manufacturers
- The nature and frequency of common adverse events in school-aged children was similar to that after a booster DOSE of diphtheria and tetanus vaccine given to the same age groups
- The recommendation that a single DOSE was adequate for children aged 12 months and above was based on antibody levels measured by serum bactericidal assay and evidence of induction of immunological memory as shown by maturation of antibody avidity
3965. Mycobacterial cell wall extract for treatment of carcinoma in situ of the bladder.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- phlei suspended in oil droplets to form an emulsion were instilled into the bladder at a DOSE of 4 mg
- Our study demonstrates clinical activity of low DOSEs of MCWE against human bladder cancer
3966. Evaluation of a new hepatitis B triple-antigen vaccine in inadequate responders to current vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this double-blind, randomized, controlled study, healthcare professionals with a history of inadequate response to currently available single-antigen hepatitis B vaccines confirmed by measuring hepatitis B surface antibody titer before entry to the study were revaccinated with a 20-microg DOSE either of a novel triple-antigen (S, pre-S1, and pre-S2) recombinant vaccine or of a present single-antigen (S only) vaccine
- A single DOSE of the new triple-antigen hepatitis B vaccine (Hepacare) produced a successful response in over three quarters of these subjects who had not mounted an adequate response to current vaccines
- The antibody response was statistically significantly superior (P =.002) to that after a single DOSE of current vaccines
- This study demonstrated that in healthcare workers who had responded inadequately to at least a full course of immunization (median, 5 DOSEs), a single 20-microg DOSE of a new triple-antigen vaccine induced protective antibody level in more vaccinees (P =.002) and increased the average antibody titer (GMT) in those protected successfully to a greater degree (P <.001) than a further attempt with a current vaccine (Engerix-B).
3967. Influence of vaccine deposition site on post-vaccinal viraemia and vaccine efficacy in broiler chickens following in ovo vaccination against Marek's disease.
DOI.org -
SciHub -
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In ovo vaccination against Marek's disease is a widely used technology in the broiler industry.A series of experiments was carried out to determine the site of vaccine deposition in the egg during automated in ovo vaccination, and the effect of vaccine deposition site and DOSE on vaccine responses following vaccination with cell-associated herpesvirus of turkeys in commercial broiler chickens
- There were no effects of vaccine DOSE (2000, 4000 or 8000 plaque forming units) on the timing of post-vaccinal viraemia
- IE deposition consistently produced a high level of protection (68 to 84%) irrespective of vaccine DOSE or challenge day, while EE vaccine deposition produced no or low levels of protection (0 to 27%) depending on the vaccine DOSE and day of challenge
3968. Health economics of a hexavalent meningococcal outer-membrane vesicle vaccine in children: potential impact of introduction in the Dutch vaccination program.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These results are sensitive to the vaccine DOSE price (conservatively estimated at 10), efficacy, and coverage of meningococcal sero-subtypes.
3969. Inhibition of lung metastases of murine renal cell carcinoma by the combination of radiation and interferon-alpha-producing tumor cell vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We have previously demonstrated in a murine lung metastasis model that local sublethal radiation of tumors can synergistically enhance their sensitivity to immunotherapy with either systemic high-DOSE interleukin-2 (IL-2) or vaccination with autologous tumor cells expressing IL-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
3970. Efficacy of single-dose SA 14-14-2 vaccine against Japanese encephalitis: a case control study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A case-control study of licensed vaccine found two DOSEs to be 98% effective
- Subsequently, researchers found that single-DOSE vaccine efficacy was high; we aimed to confirm this result
- During July 11-24, 1999, 160000 DOSEs of JE vaccine were given to children aged 1-15 years, resident in three districts of Nepal
- The efficacy of a single DOSE of JE vaccine was 99.3% (CI 94.9-100%)
- A single DOSE of JE vaccine is highly efficacious in preventing Japanese encephalitis when administered only days or weeks before exposure to infection.
3971. Incidence of respiratory syncytial virus-positive hospitalizations in Germany.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For those children less than 2 years old born with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks or 32-37 weeks, the cumulative incidence was 2,025/10(5) and 1,202/10(5), respectively (DOSE-effect response)
3972. [Function of the immune system in liver cirrhosis].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Clinically important is a moderately reduced efficacy of standard immunization protocols, which can be overcome by an increased DOSE in most vaccines.
3973. Significance of isolated hepatitis B core antibody in blood donors from São Paulo.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Those who presented repeatedly reactive isolated anti-HBc, received a single DOSE of hepatitis B recombinant vaccine to verify anti-HBs early response
- HBV immunity was characterized in 49.11%, either by anti-HBs detection in retesting (15.18%), or after a single DOSE HBV vaccination (33.93%)
3974. Classical swine fever (CSF) marker vaccine. Trial I. Challenge studies in weaner pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To test the vaccines in a "worst case scenario", group of 10 weaners were vaccinated using a single DOSE of an E2 (gp55) based vaccine at days -21, -14, -10 or -7, and subsequently challenged at day 0
3975. Sterilizing immunity against experimental Helicobacter pylori infection is challenge-strain dependent.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The level of protection appeared independent of challenge DOSE, and was stable for up to 6 months, all animals exhibiting a low-level residual infection that did not recrudesce with time
3976. Safety and immunogenicity of live attenuated quadrivalent human-bovine (UK) reassortant rotavirus vaccine administered with childhood vaccines to infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three DOSEs of rotavirus vaccine or placebo given with childhood immunizations to infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age were well tolerated and did not inhibit antibody responses to childhood vaccines which included DTP, Hib, hepatitis B and OPV
- Serum rotavirus antibody responses were detected in 12 of 20 infants after 1 DOSE, and in 19/19 of the vaccinees after three DOSEs
3977. Protective immunity and antibody-secreting cell responses elicited by combined oral attenuated Wa human rotavirus and intranasal Wa 2/6-VLPs with mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin in gnotobiotic pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The first (AttHRV/VLP2x) involved oral inoculation with one DOSE of attenuated (Att) Wa human rotavirus (HRV), followed by two intranasal (i.n.) DOSEs of a rotavirus-like particle (2/6-VLPs) vaccine derived from Wa (VP6) and bovine RF (VP2) rotavirus strains
- DOSEs of 2/6-VLPs+mLT were given, followed by one oral DOSE of attenuated Wa HRV
- To compare the protective efficacy and immune responses induced by the combined vaccine regimens with individual rotavirus vaccine regimens, we included in the experiments the following vaccine groups: one oral DOSE of attenuated Wa HRV (AttHRV1x and Mock2x/AttHRV, respectively), three oral DOSEs of attenuated Wa HRV (AttHRV3x), three i.n
- DOSEs of 2/6-VLPs plus mLT (VLP3x), three i.n
- DOSEs of purified double-layered inactivated Wa HRV plus mLT (InactHRV3x), mLT alone, and mock-inoculated pigs
3978. Tumor cell lysate-pulsed human dendritic cells induce a T-cell response against pancreatic carcinoma cells: an in vitro model for the assessment of tumor vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Autologous mononuclear cells were cocultured with DCs in the presence of low-DOSE interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-7 and were restimulated weekly with new DCs
3979. Polymorphisms in HLA class I genes associated with both favorable prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection and positive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to ALVAC-HIV recombinant canarypox vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- By 2 weeks after the second DOSE, higher proportions of vaccinees carrying one of two alleles consistently associated with slower progression of natural HIV-1 infection reacted at least once: B*27 carriers reacted to Gag (64%; odds ratio [OR] = 10.3, P = 0.001) and Env (36%; OR = 4.6, P = 0.04), and B*57 carriers reacted to Env (44%; OR = 6.6, P < 0.05)
- By 2 weeks after the third or fourth DOSE, B*27 carriers had responded (two or more reactions) to Gag (33%; OR = 4.4, P < 0.05) and B*57 carriers had responded to both Gag (39%; OR = 5.3, P = 0.013) and Env (39%; OR = 9.5, P = 0.002)
3980. Cost-effectiveness analysis of an intranasal influenza vaccine for the prevention of influenza in healthy children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One or 2 DOSEs of intranasal influenza vaccine or placebo were administered to measure the cost per febrile influenza-like illness (ILI) day avoided
- In an individual-based vaccine delivery scenario with vaccine given twice in the first year and once each year thereafter at an assumed base case total cost of $20 for the vaccine and its administration (ie, per DOSE), CE was approximately $30/febrile ILI day avoided
- CE ranged from $10 to $69/febrile ILI day avoided at $10 to $40/DOSE, respectively
- In a group-based delivery scenario, vaccination was cost saving compared with placebo and remained so if vaccine cost was <$28 (the break-even price per DOSE)
3981. Economic evaluation of a 2-dose hepatitis B vaccination regimen for adolescents.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To investigate the economic implications of a 2-DOSE hepatitis B virus vaccination regimen compared with the current 3-DOSE vaccination regimen for adolescents in 3 settings: public schools, public health clinics, and private sector settings in the United States
- To measure resource utilization and costs associated with the administration of the 3-DOSE regimen and to assess vaccination compliance rates with this regimen, primary data were collected with the use of questionnaires tailored for each setting
- Conservative modeling assumptions were used to derive 2-DOSE compliance rates from 3-DOSE compliance data
- The results were incorporated into a decision analytic model, which was used to examine short-term and lifetime scenarios for an adolescent cohort receiving the 2-DOSE versus the 3-DOSE regimen
- Predicted increases in compliance with a 2-DOSE vaccination regimen contributed to a higher probability of seroprotection in each setting
- In the lifetime analysis, this positive impact of improved compliance resulted in a lower infection rate and greater cost-effectiveness for the 2-DOSE regimen in all settings, including private sector settings, where it cost an average of only $964 per year of life gained, and in public schools, costing an average of $1246 per year of life gained
- In public health clinics, the 2-DOSE regimen had both lower expected lifetime costs and better clinical outcomes than the 3-DOSE regimen
- In the short-term analysis, costs were higher for the 2-DOSE regimen, reflecting higher total vaccine acquisition costs without the long-term offset of cost savings from reduced infection
- Sensitivity analyses identified cost per DOSE of vaccine and the probability of completing the regimens as the most sensitive model variables
- Improved compliance with a 2-DOSE regimen would contribute to a higher probability of adolescents' achieving seroprotection
- When the long-term consequences of hepatitis B virus infection are included, the 2-DOSE regimen would be cost-effective compared with the 3-DOSE regimen in all settings and cost saving in public health clinic settings.
3982. Antibody protects macaques against vaginal challenge with a pathogenic R5 simian/human immunodeficiency virus at serum levels giving complete neutralization in vitro.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Here we show that passive intravenous transfer of the human neutralizing monoclonal antibody b12 provides DOSE-dependent protection to macaques vaginally challenged with the R5 virus SHIV(162P4)
- In contrast, all four monkeys treated with a DOSE of 1 mg/kg became infected with viremia levels close to those for control animals
3983. Immunization with a pentameric L1 fusion protein protects against papillomavirus infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Most importantly, the GST-COPV L1 pentamers completely protected dogs from high-DOSE viral infection of their oral mucosa
3984. Surveillance for meningococcal disease and strategies for use of conjugate meningococcal vaccines in the United States.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In models of serogroup C+Y meningococcal conjugate vaccination of infants, toddlers and adolescents, the cumulative incidence of meningococcal disease was reduced by 54, 48 and 25%, respectively; the toddler strategy had the greatest impact per DOSE
3985. Potential of Klebsiella pneumoniae cytotoxin toxoid as vaccine against klebsiellosis in rabbits and mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Baby rabbits having an anti-Klebsiella IgG titre > or =1280 were fully protected against lethal DOSE of Klebsiella
3986. Efficacy of vaccination of pigs with different H1N1 swine influenza viruses using a recent challenge strain and different parameters of protection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Apart from the vaccine strain, adjuvant and antigenic DOSE may play a crucial role in vaccine efficacy.
3987. Immunogenicity and efficacy of one dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine at twelve months of age as compared to monovalent measles vaccination at nine months followed by MMR revaccination at fifteen months of age.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The late elimination of maternal antibodies and the inhibitory effect of a weak antibody response after the first DOSE of vaccine at 9 months may explain the better immunogenicity and efficacy of the MMR vaccine given at 12 months of age.
3988. Adult hepatitis B vaccination using a novel triple antigen recombinant vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Present hepatitis B vaccines use multiDOSE prolonged regimens, which even healthcare workers at risk do not always complete
- With the Engerix-B standard (0, 1, 6) regimen, 88% of subjects were protected by month 7, whereas with the triple antigen vaccine a 2-DOSE regimen (0, 1) provided equivalent protection (91%) within 6 months and a 3-DOSE (0, 1, 6) regimen was significantly superior (98% seroprotected by 7 months after starting vaccination P <.001)
- In healthy normal adults, a triple antigen hepatitis B vaccine containing S and pre-S antigens produced an enhanced immunologic response and was as effective as a 2- and 3-DOSE regimen.
3989. Efficacy trial of Vi polysaccharide vaccine against typhoid fever in south-western China.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A double-blinded, randomized field trial was performed in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in south-western China, using 30 micrograms DOSEs of locally produced Vi
- A total of 131,271 people were systematically allocated a single DOSE of 30 micrograms of Vi polysaccharide or saline placebo
- The slightly higher DOSE of vaccine did not seem to alter efficacy significantly in China.
3990. Efficacy of inactivated infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccines: comparison of serology with protection of progeny chickens against IBD virus strains of varying virulence.
DOI.org -
SciHub -
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Similar virus neutralizing (VN) antibody titres were obtained in 4-week-old chickens and mature hens after vaccination with one vaccine DOSE
3991. Safety and efficacy of hepatitis A vaccination in liver transplantation recipients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Patients received two DOSEs of vaccine 6 months apart
- Postvaccination IgG anti-HAV were determined at 1, 6, and 7 months after the first vaccine DOSE
3992. Hepatitis B vaccine: risks and benefits of universal neonatal vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Hepatitis B vaccine is effective and safe, and is recommended in Australia as a four-DOSE childhood schedule commencing with a neonatal DOSE
- A neonatal DOSE has a greater impact on carriage, the main reservoir of transmission, due to the inverse relationship of age and risk of chronic carriage
3993. Two new male contraceptives exert their effects by depleting germ cells prematurely from the testis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Adult rats receiving several oral DOSEs of either one of these compounds became infertile within 3-7 wk after the epididymal sperm reserve was exhausted
3994. Optimal models to evaluate the protective efficacy of tuberculosis vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Single DOSE vaccine provides suboptimal protection that attenuates pathology but does not prevent infection
- Low DOSE BCG vaccine (10(4)cfu), administered in a prime-boost protocol, sufficient to prevent infection, does not cause conversion to delayed type hypersensitivity or produce unacceptable side-effects
3995. Construction, safety, and immunogenicity in nonhuman primates of a chimeric yellow fever-dengue virus tetravalent vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All rhesus monkeys inoculated subcutaneously with one DOSE of these chimeric viruses (as monovalent or tetravalent formulation) developed viremia with magnitudes similar to that of the YF 17D vaccine strain (YF-VAX) but significantly lower than those of their parent WT viruses
- Eight of nine monkeys inoculated with monovalent YF/DEN1 -3, or -4 vaccine and six of six monkeys inoculated with tetravalent YF/DEN1-4 vaccine seroconverted after a single DOSE
- When monkeys were boosted with a tetravalent YF/DEN1-4 DOSE 6 months later, four of nine monkeys in the monovalent YF/DEN groups developed low levels of viremia, whereas no viremia was detected in any animals previously inoculated with either YF/DEN1-4 vaccine or WT DEN virus
- An anamnestic response was observed in all monkeys after the second DOSE
3996. Encapsulation in biodegradable microparticles enhances serum antibody response to parenterally-delivered beta-amyloid in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Abeta-PLG microparticles (3 microm) induced DOSE-dependent antibody responses, which were maximal at 33 microg Abeta, while Abeta in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) produced weak antibody responses at the same DOSEs by both routes
3997. A rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe diarrhoea of infants and young children: development, utilization and withdrawal.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In February 1998 and again in June 1998, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended routine immunization with three oral DOSEs at 2, 4 and 6 months of age
- In July 1999, after about 1.5 million DOSEs had been given, the CDC recommended suspending administration of the vaccine because post-licensure surveillance of adverse events had suggested an association with intussusception
- After further investigation by CDC, in October 1999, the ACIP withdrew its recommendation concluding that '...intussusception occurs with significantly increased frequency in the first 1-2 weeks after vaccination with RRV-TV, particularly following the first DOSE'
3998. Immunogenicity of hepatitis A vaccination in decompensated cirrhotic patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Seroconversion was measured by qualitative and quantitative anti-HAV antibody measurements 1 month after each vaccine DOSE, and univariate/multivariate analysis was performed to define clinical predictors associated with seroconversion
- One month after the primary DOSE, 71.4% of patients with compensated liver disease had detectable anti-HAV antibody compared with 37.1% with decompensated liver disease (P <.05)
- One month after the booster DOSE, 98% of compensated patients seroconverted compared with 65.7% with decompensated disease (P <.05)
3999. Varicella vaccine exposure during pregnancy: data from the first 5 years of the pregnancy registry.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Ninety-two women were known to be seronegative to varicella, of whom 58 received their first DOSE of vaccine during the first or second trimester
4000. Protective efficacy against tuberculosis of ESAT-6 secreted by a live Salmonella typhimurium vaccine carrier strain and expressed by naked DNA.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination with a single DOSE of r S
4001. Low-dose intradermal administration of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in children: 5-year follow-up study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Several studies have documented the efficacy of low-DOSE intradermal administration of hepatitis B vaccine
- However, little is known about the duration of protection provided by low-DOSE intradermal administration of hepatitis B vaccine
- This study reports results from a 5-year follow up period of 200 healthy children (100 infants and 100 preschool children) immunized intradermally with 2 microg DOSEs of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (GenHevac B) at months 0,1, and 6
- In the 8th week after the third vaccine DOSE, 97% of the children developed anti-HBs antibodies higher than or equal to 10 mlU ml(-1), and the antiHBs geometric mean titre (GMT) was 676 mlU ml(-1)
- Persistent immunologic memory over periods of 5 years or more is evident, the anamnestic antibody response to a booster DOSE of vaccine, even in these children who have lost antibody
4002. Lipopeptides induce cell-mediated anti-HIV immune responses in seronegative volunteers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A randomized phase I open-label DOSE-finding trial
4003. Dual-subtype FIV vaccine protects cats against in vivo swarms of both homologous and heterologous subtype FIV isolates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Dual-subtype vaccinated, single-subtype vaccinated, and placebo-immunized cats were challenged within vivo-derived heterologous subtype B FIV(Bang) [10--100 50% cat infectious DOSEs (CID(50))], in vivo-derived homologous FIV(Shi)(50 CID(50)), and in vitro- and in vivo-derived homologous FIV(Pet)(20--50 CID(50))
- Four out of five dual-subtype vaccinated cats were protected against low-DOSE FIV(Bang) (10 CID(50)) and subsequently against in vivo-derived FIV(Pet) (50 CID(50)) challenge, whereas all placebo-immunized cats became infected
- Furthermore, dual-subtype vaccine protected two out of five cats against high-DOSE FIV(Bang) challenge (100 CID(50)) which infected seven out of eight single-subtype vaccinated cats
4004. Comparison of a triple antigen and a single antigen recombinant vaccine for adult hepatitis B vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Clearly, the protection of at-risk groups who have inadequate response to current vaccines, and those who are unwilling or unable to comply with protracted multi-DOSE vaccine regimens, could be improved if there were a more potent vaccine and/or a shorter vaccination regimen available
- DOSEs were given at baseline and 1 month and 6 months later
- The standard three-DOSE/6-month vaccination regimen of the single antigen vaccine protected 83% of subjects by 7 months after starting vaccination whereas the triple antigen vaccine as a two-DOSE/1-month regimen protected 88% within 6 months and as a three-DOSE/6-month regimen protected 97% by 7 months after starting vaccination
- 81%, P < 0.001), and the protection rate provided by a three-DOSE/6-month (0, 1, and 6) regimen of the new vaccine was significantly superior to that provided by present vaccines (97% vs
- The percentage of subjects protected increases with time after beginning vaccination and at all time points up to and including 6 months was significantly greater with the two-DOSE regimen of the triple antigen vaccine than with the single antigen vaccine regimen
- Indeed as a three-DOSE/6 month regimen, the triple antigen vaccine raised the level of protection in these vulnerable subgroups to that seen when a single antigen vaccine is used in the optimal younger adult group
- 20% for the two-DOSE Hepacare regimen, the three-DOSE Hepacare regimen, and the three-DOSE Recombivax-HB regimen, respectively), infections at the site of injection (1% vs
- A two-DOSE/1-month (0 and 1) regimen of this triple antigen vaccine was as effective as the standard three-DOSE/6 month (0, 1, and 6) regimen of present single antigen vaccines
4005. Efficacy and safety of an intravenous monoclonal anti-HBs in chronic hepatitis B patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Because the development of insoluble [HBsAg-HBsAb] complexes led to adverse events, the Mab DOSE had to be reduced in seven patients
4006. Improving hepatitis B immunization among high-risk adolescents: a low-cost intervention on the Mexico-United States border.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We monitored each of the individuals for 8 months to determine whether the adolescents received a first, second, and third DOSE of the hepatitis B vaccine
- The strongest predictor of receiving either one or two DOSEs was providing the vaccine at the STD clinic as opposed to referring adolescents to a separate vaccination clinic (relative risk (RR) for receiving the first immunization = 7.3; RR for receiving the second immunization = 3.8)
4007. Efficacy of an inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in calves.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Group-2 calves (n = 9) were vaccinated on days 0 and 21 with an inactivated BRSV vaccine containing a minimum immunizing DOSE of antigen
4008. Induction of adult-like antibody, Th1, and CTL responses to measles hemagglutinin by early life murine immunization with an attenuated vaccinia-derived NYVAC(K1L) viral vector.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Here, we report that young BALB/c mice immunized with a single DOSE of a vaccinia-based NYVAC(K1L) vector generate adult-like antihemagglutinin (HA) antibody responses as well as adult-like Th1 and CTL responses
- Despite this strong immunogenicity in early life, antibody responses (but not T-cell responses) to a single DOSE of NYVAC(K1L)-HA remained susceptible to inhibition by preexisting measles antibodies, calling for use of prime-boost strategies
4009. Control measures and the outcome of the measles epidemic of 1999 in the Eastern Highlands Province.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 40% of the children had a verifiable history of having received at least one DOSE of measles vaccine
- Serious complications, particularly severe pneumonia, were more common among the unvaccinated children than in those who had received at least a single DOSE of the measles vaccine
4010. Future access to HIV vaccines. Report from a WHO-UNAIDS Consultation, Geneva, 2-3 October 2000.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the absence of definitive information on the characteristics of the first generation of HIV vaccines, the following assumptions were made: the vaccine will (i) have only low to moderate efficacy (on the order of 50%); (ii) not be inexpensive (on the order of 10 to 30 US $ per DOSE); (iii) require multiple DOSEs; and, (iv) at least initially, be available in limited quantities
4011. The efficacy of whole cell pertussis immunisation: collected data on a vaccine produced in France.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Consequently, an acellular pertussis vaccine may be used for the first booster, at 16-18 months of age, and should be used for the reinforcing DOSE at 11-13 y of age
4012. Safety and immunogenicity of a proteosome-Shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide vaccine administered intranasally to healthy adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A two-DOSE series of immunizations was given by intranasal spray, and DOSEs of 0.1, 0.4, 1.0, and 1.5 mg (based on protein) were studied in a DOSE-escalating design
- The most common reactions included rhinorrhea and nasal stuffiness, which were clearly DOSE related (P < or = 0.05)
- flexneri 2a LPS-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and IgM antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in a DOSE-responsive manner
- At DOSEs of 1.0 or 1.5 mg, highly significant (P < 0.001) increases in ASCs of all antibody isotypes occurred and 95% of subjects had an ASC response in at least one antibody isotype
- DOSE-related serum antibody responses were observed, with geometric mean two- to fivefold rises in specific serum IgA and IgG titers and two- to threefold rises in IgM in the 1.0- and 1.5-mg-DOSE groups (P < 0.0001 for each isotype)
- These were most consistent and approached statistical significance (P = 0.02 to 0.12 for various measures) on day 70 after the first DOSE
4013. Comparison of intradermal and intramuscular administration of hepatitis B vaccine in neonates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To compare the efficacy of low-DOSE intradermal HBV recombinant vaccine with standard intramuscular DOSE in neonates
- Anti-HBs titers were measured at 6 and 18 months after the first DOSE
- Protective anti-HBs titers (>10 IU/L) at 18 months after the first DOSE were achieved in 98.1% and 96.2% of neonates in IM and ID groups, respectively (p=ns)
- Intradermal vaccination with 20% of standard DOSE is as effective as IM vaccination when evaluated at 18 months after the first DOSE.
4014. Oral immunization of pigs against classical swine fever. Course of the disease and virus transmission after simultaneous vaccination and infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All the animals vaccinated and challenged with a high DOSE of highly virulent Koslov strain died while three of five animals challenged with a low DOSE of highly virulent Alfort 187 strain survived, shed the virus in nasal secretions, developed antibodies, and four of them showed a transient viremia
4015. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 NYVAC and naked DNA vaccine candidates in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, priming the animal with a single DOSE of env DNA, followed by immunization with the NYVAC HTLV-1 gag and env vaccine at 6, 7, and 8 months, protected all three animals against challenge with HTLV-1-infected cells
4016. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for young children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When initiated during infancy, the four-DOSE vaccination schedule is set at two, four, six and 12 to 15 months of age
4017. Retinopathy associated with high-dose interferon alfa-2b therapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To present seven patients who developed retinopathy while receiving high-DOSE interferon alfa-2b therapy for adjuvant treatment of high-risk melanoma
- Seven patients developed a retinopathy while receiving high-DOSE interferon alfa-2b therapy for adjuvant treatment of high-risk melanoma
- The total DOSE received at time of detection of retinopathy ranged from 816 to 1770 million units
4018. Cost-benefit analysis of a Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis prevention programme in The Philippines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the costs and benefits of a 3-DOSE immunisation schedule in Manila, Philippines
- A 3-DOSE Hib vaccination programme given at ages 2, 3 and 4 months
4019. Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine in Elderly Persons in Welfare Nursing Homes: Reduction in Risks of Mortality and Morbidity During an Influenza A (H3N2) Epidemic.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 22,462 individuals living in 301 nursing homes, 10,739 received either one DOSE (2027 subjects) or two DOSEs (8712 subjects) of inactivated, subunit trivalent influenza vaccine
- Vaccination was equally effective in those who received one DOSE of vaccine as in those who received two DOSEs
4020. Correlates of hepatitis B vaccination in a high-risk population: an Internet sample.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Nearly 42% (142) reported at least one DOSE of vaccine; the remainder were completely unvaccinated
4021. Adenovector engineered interleukin-2 expressing autologous plasma cell vaccination after high-dose chemotherapy for multiple myeloma--a phase 1 study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Eight multiple myeloma patients participated in a phase I trial evaluating the feasibility and safety of subcutaneous vaccination with adenovirus engineered, autologous plasma cells after high-DOSE therapy
- Two months after high-DOSE therapy, six patients received from one to five injections of 3.5-9.0 x 10(7) cells/vaccine
4022. An assessment of thimerosal use in childhood vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The risk assessment consisted of hazard identification, DOSE-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization
- The literature was reviewed to identify known toxicity of thimerosal, ethylmercury (a metabolite of thimerosal) and methylmercury (a similar organic mercury compound) and to determine the DOSEs at which toxicity occurs
- Identified acute toxicity from inadvertent high-DOSE exposure to thimerosal includes neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity
- Limited data on toxicity from low-DOSE exposures to ethylmercury are available, but toxicity may be similar to that of methylmercury
- Chronic, low-DOSE methylmercury exposure may cause subtle neurologic abnormalities
- Our review revealed no evidence of harm caused by DOSEs of thimerosal in vaccines, except for local hypersensitivity reactions
4023. Do bacteriostatic urethral lubricants affect the clinical efficacy of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The use of bacteriostatic lubricants in the usual DOSE before BCG instillation had no detectable adverse effect on the clinical efficacy of intravesical BCG immunotherapy
4024. Tolerability of bacille Calmette-Guérin maintenance therapy for superficial bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The DOSE was reduced in 41 patients (57%), and treatment was stopped in 28 patients (39%)
- The scale developed in this study to monitor the adverse reactions to bacille Calmette-Guérin and their impact on the adherence to maintenance therapy may be helpful for tailoring maintenance regimens or implementing protective measures (DOSE reduction or treatment postponement).
4025. [Efficacy of prophylactic vaccination against Hepatitis B Virus infection viruses in hemodialyzed patients].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Engerix-B was the vaccine used and the scheme was the following: 0, 1, 2 and 6 months with each DOSE doubled (40 mcg)
4026. Response to and efficacy of vaccination against eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in emus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All 4 vaccines induced detectable neutralizing antibody titers, and all birds vaccinated with the equine vaccines were fully protected against an otherwise lethal DOSE of EEE virus
4027. Use of varicella vaccines to prevent herpes zoster in older individuals.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Persistence of booster responses is DOSE-related, and the half-life of some boosted measures of T-cell mediated immunity exceeds 5 years
4028. Cryptobiosis and its control in North American fishes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of a live vaccine protects fish for at least 2 years, and it is via the production of complement-fixing antibodies, enhanced phagocytosis and cell-mediated cytotoxicity
4029. Population-based study of rotavirus vaccination and intussusception.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate risk by vaccine DOSE
- Of 463,277 children 56,253 had been vaccinated with a total of 91 371 DOSEs of RRV-TV
- In the interval 3 to 7 days after vaccination, the age-adjusted RR was 16.0 (95% confidence interval, 5.5 to 46.7) for all DOSEs combined and 30.4 (95% confidence interval, 8.8 to 104.9) after the first DOSE
- The risk is greatest 3 to 7 days after the first vaccination DOSE.
4030. Safety and efficacy of in ovo administration of infectious bursal disease viral vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When any of the antigenic standard vaccines was given at full DOSE to SPF embryos, embryonic and 3-wk posthatch mortality increased
- In contrast, there was no adverse effect on embryonic or posthatch mortality when vaccines were given at half DOSE to SPF or commercial broiler embryos
- However, significant microscopic lesions were evident at 1 and 3 wk posthatch in the bursae of SPF embryos given the vaccines at half DOSE
- When vaccines were given at half DOSE to commercial broiler embryos, lesions were evident at 1 but not 3 wk of age
4031. High-dose interferon alfa-2b significantly prolongs relapse-free and overall survival compared with the GM2-KLH/QS-21 vaccine in patients with resected stage IIB-III melanoma: results of intergroup trial E1694/S9512/C509801.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccine alternatives to high-DOSE interferon alfa-2b therapy (HDI), the current standard adjuvant therapy for high-risk melanoma, are of interest because of toxicity associated with HDI
4032. Hepatitis B immunization of healthy elderly adults: relationship between naïve CD4+ T cells and primary immune response and evaluation of GM-CSF as an adjuvant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- GM-CSF as a single injection of either 80 microg or 250 microg with the first and second DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine
- Using linear regression, age, and percent naive, CD4 T cells were determined to significantly influence the anti-hepatitis B antibody response, but sex and DOSE of GM-CSF did not
4033. Hepatitis B vaccines: assessment of the seroprotective efficacy of two recombinant DNA vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Seroprotection was achieved in 20,060 subjects (95.8%) with Engerix B and in 7774 subjects (94.3%) with Recombivax/HB-Vax II in the normal population vaccinated according to currently licensed 3-DOSE schedules
4034. Effective particle-mediated vaccination against mouse melanoma by coadministration of plasmid DNA encoding Gp100 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The inclusion of the GM-CSF plasmid with the gp100 DNA vaccine allowed a reduction in the gp100 plasmid DOSE required for antitumor efficacy
4035. Determinants of vaccine-induced resistance in animal models of pulmonary tuberculosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Although such testing is being carried out in several animal species (mice, guinea pigs, rabbits), all rational models include pulmonary challenge with a low DOSE of virulent mycobacteria
4036. Double-dose accelerated hepatitis B vaccine in patients with end-stage liver disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The aims of this study are to assess the efficacy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination using an accelerated schedule and double DOSE of recombinant vaccine in liver transplant recipients and identify factors associated with seroconversion and persistence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs)
- The vaccination schedule was 0, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 months using double-DOSE recombinant vaccine
- Thus, (1) seroconversion before or after OLT using double-DOSE accelerated-schedule vaccination against HBV is low, (2) there is a rapid, significant decrease in antibody titer after OLT, (3) pre-OLT anti-HBs titer potentially may be useful in predicting persistence of protective antibodies after OLT, and (4) several factors (age, genetic predisposition, severity of liver disease, and underlying liver disease) may have a role in poor vaccine responsiveness.
4037. A murine model for the effects of pelvic radiation and cisplatin chemotherapy on human papillomavirus vaccine efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mice were given pelvic radiation, 2 Gy/day to a total DOSE of 45 Gy, or 5 mg/kg/week of cisplatin for 3 weeks
4038. Recurrent urinary tract infection in women.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Continuous or post-coital prophylaxis with low-DOSE antimicrobials or intermittent self-treatment with antimicrobials have all been demonstrated to be effective in managing recurrent uncomplicated UTIs in women
4039. Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a modified-live equine influenza virus vaccine in ponies after induction of exercise-induced immunosuppression.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Results suggested that administration of this MLV vaccine to ponies with exercise-induced immunosuppression was safe and that administration of a single DOSE to ponies provided clinical protection 3 months later.
4040. [Comparison of anti-HBV vaccine efficacy given intradermally and intramuscularly in hemodialysis patients].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Moreover, higher dialysis DOSE favors the successful long-time answer to vaccination.
4041. Efficacy of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine and porcine interleukin-12.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4042. Protection of chickens from infectious laryngotracheitis with a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing glycoprotein B of infectious laryngotracheitis virus.
DOI.org -
SciHub -
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Protection of specific pathogen free (SPF) and commercial chickens from ILT with the rFPV-ILTVgB and commercial ILTV vaccine (Nobilis ILT) were compared after challenge with a lethal DOSE of virulent ILTV.Both the rFPV-ILTVgB- and the Nobilis ILT-vaccinated SPF chickens were completely protected from death, while 90% of the unvaccinated chickens died after challenge
4043. Bacteriologic and histologic features in mice after intranasal inoculation of Brucella melitensis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A demonstrable increase in splenic colony-forming units (CFU) from infected mice increased over time with increasing DOSE when comparing inocula of 10(3), 10(4), and 10(5) CFU
- At a DOSE of 10 CFU, few organisms were located in the spleen
- Changes in the spleen and liver increased with increases in DOSE and with increased time following intranasal inoculation with B melitensis 16M
4044. Update on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4045. The B cell targeted adjuvant, CTA1-DD, exhibits potent mucosal immunoenhancing activity despite pre-existing anti-toxin immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE-response analysis revealed that the adjuvant effect of CTA1-DD given intranasally was equally strong to that observed after systemic immunizations
4046. An efficacious recombinant subunit vaccine against the salmonid rickettsial pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- salmonis were found to elicit a DOSE-dependent response in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), which varied from inadequate protection to exacerbation of the disease
4047. The prevention of Lyme disease with vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A clinical trial of over 10000 adults showed 76% efficacy following the third DOSE of a 0, 1, 12 schedule
- Booster DOSEs induced protective levels of antibody in more than 96% of recipients when administered at months 12 and 24
4048. Mucosal vaccination with recombinantly attenuated staphylococcal enterotoxin B and protection in a murine model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mice vaccinated mucosally were protected against a 50% lethal DOSE of wild-type SEB given i.p
4049. Clinical trial designs for the early clinical development of therapeutic cancer vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Many vaccines are inherently safe and do not require phase I DOSE finding trials
4050. Post exposure rabies prophylaxis with Purified Verocell Rabies Vaccine: a study of immunoresponse in pregnant women and their matched controls.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Seventeen Pregnant women with history of animal bites who received PVRV as per Essen regimen were matched for the confounding variables of age, socio-economic status and DOSEs of PVRV received with seventeen "Non-pregnant women"
- The mean age was about 24 years, majority (70.6%) belonging to middle socio-economic group and received 3 DOSEs of PVRV
4051. High-dose interferon alfa-2b does not diminish antibody response to GM2 vaccination in patients with resected melanoma: results of the Multicenter Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Phase II Trial E2696.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- High-DOSE interferon alfa-2b (IFNalpha2b) is the only established adjuvant therapy of resectable high-risk melanoma
- The E2696 trial was undertaken to evaluate the toxicity and other effects of the established adjuvant high-DOSE IFNalpha2b regimen in relation to immune responses to GMK and to evaluate the potential clinical and immunologic effects of the combined therapies
- The results demonstrate that IFNalpha2b does not significantly inhibit immunoglobulin M or G serologic responses to the vaccine and that the combination of high-DOSE IFNalpha2b and GMK is well tolerated in this patient population
4052. Immune responses and protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) challenge in swine vaccinated with adenovirus-FMDV constructs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Increased efficacy of the two-DOSE regimen was associated with heightened levels of FMDV-specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies.
4053. Efficacy of a transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus with an altered ORF-3 gene.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Intramuscular inoculation of pregnant gilts with 2 DOSEs of this modified-live virus elicited a level of lactogenic immunity that protected their nursing piglets against a lethal DOSE of challenge virus
4054. Malignant pleural mesothelioma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Delivery of optimal radiation schedules, which may involve large fractions as well as large total DOSEs, is limited by the presence of nearby DOSE-limiting structures
4055. Efficacy of single-dose ROM therapy plus low-dose convit vaccine as an adjuvant for treatment of paucibacillary leprosy patients with a single skin lesion.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The recent World Health Organization multicentric field study on the treatment of paucibacillary (PB) leprosy patients with single skin lesion (SSL) and a single DOSE of rifampin-ofloxacin-minocycline (ROM) brought new hope to those who are engaged in the eradication of leprosy from India
- The test group was given a single DOSE of ROM initially and two injections of low-DOSE Convit vaccine, one initially and the other at the end of 3 months
- b) The control group was given only a single DOSE of ROM initially
- The clinical outcome of the patients treated with ROM plus low-DOSE Convit vaccine was statistically superior to those treated with single-DOSE ROM therapy alone.
4056. [Hepatitis B vaccination. Indications of the post-vaccine serologic test and booster doses].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In unresponsive subjects a booster DOSE has been demonstrated to be effective
- In these cases, the booster DOSE should be administered in nonresponders, and might include double DOSEs
- Unanimous consensus does not exist about to the appropriate timing for booster DOSE administration.
4057. Importance of attributable risk in monitoring adverse events after immunization: hepatitis B vaccination in children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The incidence of health problems occurring before and after each DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine in a cohort of 1130 children were compared
- Although 47.5% of all children reported an adverse event during the 4 weeks following each of the 3 DOSEs, adverse events attributable to immunization occurred in only 10.6% of children
4058. [Induction of protective immune responses in rhesus monkey by immunization with recombinant plasmids of polyvalent epitopes of Plasmodium falciparum using cholera toxin B as adjuvant].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Recombinant plasmids of pCMV-CTB-AWTE were given to five rhesus monkeys three times with two weeks intervals by intramuscle (i.m.) route, immunization DOSE was 500 micrograms per plasmid per animal
4059. [Evaluation of the effectiveness of a new vaccine against human leptospirosis in groups at risk].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- They received two vaccine DOSEs, 6 weeks apart, of 0.50 mL via deep intramuscular injection into the deltoid muscle of the nondominant arm
- Epidemiological surveillance began 21 days after the application of the second vaccine DOSE and continued for 1 year
4060. Potency status and efficacy of measles vaccine administered in Nigeria: a case study of three EPI centres in Lagos, Nigeria.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine potency test showed that only 1 (7.14%) of the 14 vaccine vials collected at these centres had virus titre of 3.5 Log while the remaining 13 (92.86%) had virus titres lower than 3.0 Log: the recommended human DOSE by the World Health Organisation (WHO) for measles vaccine
4061. [Metastatic breast cancer: what are the objectives?].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Attempts to improve overall survival with increased DOSE intensity or with high DOSE chemotherapy are disappointing
4062. Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. A reassessment of the efficacy of vaccines used in Africa.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Great care has been taken to test the original vaccinal strains at a DOSE corresponding to the minimum requirement by international standards
4063. Rotavirus vaccines and vaccination in Latin America.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Data from a large catchment trial in Venezuela with a higher RRV-TV DOSE, of 4 x 10(5) PFU/DOSE, indicated an efficacy rate of 48% against all rotavirus diarrhea and 88% against severe rotavirus diarrhea
- It appears that breast-feeding does not compromise the efficacy of RRV-TV if three DOSEs of the vaccine are administered
- Similarly, possible interference of oral poliovirus vaccine with the "take" of the rotavirus vaccine can be overcome by giving three DOSEs of the rotavirus vaccine or by using a higher-titer formulation of it
- Economic analyses made in the United States indicate that a vaccine that costs less than US$ 9 per DOSE would lead to a net savings in medical costs
4064. MHC class II presentation of endogenous tumor antigen by cellular vaccines depends on the endocytic pathway but not H2-M.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4065. Intussusception among infants given an oral rotavirus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An increased risk of intussusception 3 to 14 days after the first DOSE of RRV-TV was found in the case-control analysis (adjusted odds ratio, 21.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 9.6 to 48.9)
- In the case-series analysis, the incidence-rate ratio was 29.4 (95 percent confidence interval, 16.1 to 53.6) for days 3 through 14 after a first DOSE
- There was also an increase in the risk of intussusception after the second DOSE of the vaccine, but it was smaller than the increase in risk after the first DOSE
4066. Prophylactic tumor vaccination: comparison of effector mechanisms initiated by protein versus DNA vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this setting, >50% of mice remained tumor free after challenge with 10 times the lethal tumor DOSE of RENCA-beta-gal
4067. [Anti-HBs titers after a vaccination program in children and adolescents. Should a booster dose be given?].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The persistence of anti-hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBS) levels and the need for a booster DOSE were also assessed
- The vaccination schedule was the standard of three DOSEs (0, 1, 6)
- Five years after the first DOSE, 96.1% (73/76) has anti-HBs and in 75% (57/76) levels were above 10UI/L
- Recent studies show that booster DOSEs are not required because of the immunologic memory that produces the vaccine
4068. Delays in receipt of immunizations in low-birth-weight children: a nationally representative sample.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Age at receipt of each of the first 4 DOSEs of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, the first 3 DOSEs of polio vaccine, and the first DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine for MLBW and VLBW children, and normal-birth-weight children
- Very low-birth-weight children received their first 3 DOSEs of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine and their first 2 DOSEs of polio vaccine significantly later than normal-birth-weight children (P <.001)
4069. The ablative effect of quarter dose bacillus Calmette-Guerin on a papillary marker lesion of the bladder.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Low DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for stage TaT1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has been given in various studies with the aim of decreasing side effects while maintaining the same efficacy as full DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guerin
- We examined the ablative activity and incidence of side effects of intravesical quarter DOSE BCG given for a papillary marker lesion of the bladder
- Quarter DOSE BCG has a clear ablative effect on superficial bladder cancer with a 61% response rate
- Phase III trials are now required to compare its efficacy and toxicity to those of full DOSE BCG.
4070. Efficacy of recombinant circumsporozoite protein vaccine regimens against experimental Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A controlled phase 1/2a study evaluated 1 or 2 standard DOSEs of RTS,S/SBAS2 in 2 groups whose members received open-label therapy and 3 immunizations in blinded groups who received standard, one-half, or one-fifth DOSEs
- Of the 41 vaccinees and 23 control subjects who underwent sporozoite challenge, malaria developed in 7 of 10 who received 1 DOSE, in 7 of 14 who received 2 DOSEs, in 3 of 6 who received 3 standard DOSEs, in 3 of 7 who received 3 one-half DOSEs, in 3 of 4 who received 3 one-fifth DOSEs, and in 22 of 23 control subjects
- This and previous studies have shown that 2 or 3 DOSEs of RTS,S/SBAS2 protect against challenge with P
4071. Xylitol in preventing acute otitis media.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In two clinical trials xylitol was found efficient to prevent the development of acute otitis media with a daily DOSE of 8.4-10 g of xylitol given in five divided DOSEs
- A more practical frequency of DOSEs should be found before its use can be widely recommended.
4072. Assessing costs and cost effectiveness of pneumococcal disease and vaccination within Kaiser Permanente.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination of healthy infants would result in net savings for society if the vaccine cost less than $46 per DOSE, and net savings for the health care payer if the vaccine cost less than $18 per DOSE.
4073. Immunoglobulin M efficacy against Cryptococcus neoformans: mechanism, dose dependence, and prozone-like effects in passive protection experiments.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- neoformans, we studied the effects of inoculum size, route of infection, and Ab DOSE for each of these mAbs
- mAb 12A1 prolonged survival after the administration of certain Ab DOSEs after i.p
- Large Ab DOSEs of mAb 12A1 resulted in either no protection or enhanced infection, consistent with a prozone-like effect
- neoformans is a function of the route of infection, inoculum, and Ab DOSE and is associated with its ability to promote opsonization, agglutination, and phagocytic ring formation in vivo
4074. Childhood vaccine risk/benefit communication in private practice office settings: a national survey.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Sixty-nine percent of pediatricians and 72% of family physicians self-reported their offices gave parents the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Information Statement, while 62% and 58%, respectively, gave it with every DOSE
4075. Evaluation of anti-cocaine antibodies and a cocaine vaccine in a rat self-administration model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The objectives of this study were to determine, first, whether changes in self-administration behavior would be systematically related to antibody level and, second, how the antibody affected the self-administration of different DOSEs of cocaine
- The first was a passive-administration study using the anti-cocaine monoclonal antibody MO240 to examine the relationship between antibody level and cocaine self-administration behavior, and the second was an active-immunization study to examine the efficacy of the cocaine vaccine IPC-1010 for blocking various DOSEs of self-administered cocaine
- The passive-administration experiment with control and 4-mg or 12-mg MO240 treatments showed that antagonism of the 1 mg/kg cocaine training DOSE was dependent on antibody level
- Antagonism of cocaine self-administration after immunization was evident across a range of DOSEs of cocaine and was only apparent in animals whose serum antibody levels exceeded 0.05 mg/ml
- Furthermore, there was no evidence that the antagonism was surmountable within the DOSE range examined (up to 5.6 mg/kg)
- Antagonism of cocaine self-administration across a range of DOSEs is feasible after immunization with a cocaine vaccine as long as antibody levels are of a sufficient concentration.
4076. Dendritic cells break tolerance and induce protective immunity against a melanocyte differentiation antigen in an autologous melanoma model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4077. Phase I/II study of G17-DT, an anti-gastrin immunogen, in advanced colorectal cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Primary injections with two booster DOSEs were given by i.m
- Additional DOSE-ranging studies have been performed in patients with gastric cancer using 100- and 200-microg DOSEs of G17-DT formulated without adjuvant and the emulsifier aluminum monostearate
4078. treatment and prevention of otitis media.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A three-step treatment algorithm for refractory AOM that employs amoxicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), or high-DOSE amoxicillin/clavulanate (depending on the prior DOSE of and adherence to amoxicillin therapy), and ceftriaxone or tympanocentesis at steps 1, 2, and 3, respectively, appears rational and cost-effective
- In cases refractory to high-DOSE amoxicillin, TMP/SMX should be prescribed if adherence to prior therapy seemed good or complete, or high-DOSE amoxicillin/clavulanate if adherence was incomplete or questionable
4079. Preexisting immunity to poliovirus does not impair the efficacy of recombinant poliovirus vaccine vectors.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunized mice developed antibodies directed against capsid proteins that effectively neutralized poliovirus in vitro and protected animals from a lethal challenge with a high DOSE of pathogenic poliovirus
4080. Novel allogeneic granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting tumor vaccine for pancreatic cancer: a phase I trial of safety and immune activation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One month after completing adjuvant treatment, six patients still in remission received up to three additional monthly vaccinations with the same vaccine DOSE that they had received originally
- No DOSE-limiting toxicities were encountered
- This vaccine approach seems to induce DOSE-dependent systemic antitumor immunity as measured by increased postvaccination DTH responses against autologous tumors
4081. Influence of ampicillin, ceftiofur, attenuated live PRRSV vaccine, and reduced dose Streptococcus suis exposure on disease associated with PRRSV and S. suis coinfection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of two antimicrobials (ampicillin and ceftiofur), a modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine, and low DOSE exposure to Streptococcus suis on disease associated with PRRSV/S
- The reduced DOSE S
- Treatment with ceftiofur hydrochloride and reduced DOSE exposure to S
4082. Use of diphtheria toxoid-tetanus toxoid-acellular pertussis vaccine as a five-dose series. Supplemental recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- As of October 2000, two products, ACEL-IMUNE (a product of Lederle Laboratories) and Tripedia (Aventis Pasteur, Inc.) were licensed for the five-DOSE DTaP vaccination series
- Two other vaccines, Infanrix (SmithKline Beecham Biologicals) and Certiva (North American Vaccine, Inc.) are licensed for the first four DOSEs of the vaccination series, beginning with the primary series at ages 2, 4, and 6 months, and for completing the DTaP series among children who began the series with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis vaccine
- This report supplements the statement from CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices regarding use of acellular pertussis vaccines and summarizes data regarding reactogenicity of acellular pertussis vaccines when administered as the fourth and fifth consecutive DOSEs
- Increases in the frequency and magnitude of local reactions at the injection site with increasing DOSE number have occurred for all currently licensed DTaP vaccines
- Extensive swelling of the injected limb, sometimes involving the entire thigh or upper arm, after receipt of the fourth and fifth DOSEs of DTaP vaccines has been demonstrated for multiple products from different manufacturers
- Because data are insufficient regarding the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of using DTaP vaccines from different manufacturers in a mixed sequence, ACIP continues to recommend that, whenever feasible, the same brand of DTaP vaccine be used for all DOSEs in the vaccination series
4083. Rotavirus Infection in Brazil: Epidemiology, Immunity, and Potential Vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (4 x 10,000 pfu/DOSE) has been evaluated in northern Brazil with the following main results: a) the vaccine was safe with only low-grade fever on days 3-5 in 2%-3% of vaccinees after the first DOSE; b) an IgA antibody response occurred in 58% of vaccinees and 33% of placebo recipients; and c) the overall vaccine efficacy was 35% (p = 0.03) against any rotavirus diarrhea for the 2-year study period, but reached 57% (p = 0.008) during the first year of follow-up
4084. Immunotherapy of hormone-refractory prostate cancer with antigen-loaded dendritic cells.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Phase I patients received increasing DOSEs of Provenge, and phase II patients received all the Provenge that could be prepared from a leukapheresis product
- The time to disease progression correlated with development of an immune response to PAP and with the DOSE of dendritic cells received
4085. Antigen quantification as in vitro alternative for potency testing of inactivated viral poultry vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4086. Laboratory diagnosis, epizootiology, and efficacy of marker vaccines in classical swine fever: a review.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Firstly, we determined the 95% protective DOSE of an E2 subunit vaccine at 32 microg E2 per dosage after a single application
4087. Autoclaved Leishmania major vaccine for prevention of visceral leishmaniasis: a randomised, double-blind, BCG-controlled trial in Sudan.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We undertook a double-blind randomised trial to test the safety and efficacy of an autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM) promastigote vaccine (1 mg per DOSE)
- They were randomly assigned two DOSEs of ALM mixed with BCG or BCG alone
- We found no evidence that two DOSEs of ALM plus BCG offered significant protective immunity against visceral leishmaniasis compared with BCG alone
4088. Immunization of humans with recombinant pneumococcal surface protein A (rPspA) elicits antibodies that passively protect mice from fatal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae bearing heterologous PspA.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The serum samples of subjects immunized twice with 125 microg of PspA had >100 times as much antibody per milliliter as was required to consistently protect mice from fatal infection (1.3 microg/DOSE)
4089. Safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine conjugated to CRM(197) among infants with sickle cell disease. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Study Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two cohorts of infants were enrolled and received open-label DOSEs of 7VPnC vaccine; infants enrolled before 2 months of age received 7VPnC vaccine at 2, 4, and 6 months of age followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PS-23) at 24 months of age for those infants with SCD (schedule A), and infants enrolled between 2 and 12 months of age received 7VPnC at 12 months of age followed by PS-23 at 24 months of age for infants with SCD (schedule B)
- Safety data were collected for 3 days after each DOSE of vaccine
- Antibody concentrations were measured to each of the 7VPnC serotypes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before each vaccine DOSE and 1 month after the last 7VPnC DOSE and the PS-23 vaccine DOSE
- The 7VPnC vaccine was highly immunogenic for all serotypes among infants with and without SCD who received 3 DOSEs of vaccine according to schedule A: depending on serotype, 89% to 100% achieved antibody concentrations above.15 microg/mL and 56% to 100% achieved antibody concentrations above 1.0 microg/mL
- Among infants immunized according to schedule B, a single DOSE of 7VPnC vaccine resulted in antibody concentrations above.15 microg/mL in 53% to 92% by serotype and above 1.0 microg/mL in 31% to 71% by serotype
- A single DOSE of PS-23 resulted in dramatic increases in the antibody concentrations to all serotypes regardless of 1- or 3-DOSE priming
4090. Anti-tetanus toxoid antibody production and protection against lethal doses of tetanus toxin in hu-PBL-SCID mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hu-PBL) obtained from 88 healthy donors (aged from 18 to 62) were transplanted into SCID mice, and anti-tetanus toxoid (Ttd) antibody production and protection against lethal DOSEs of tetanus toxin (Ttx) were investigated in the hu-PBL-SCID mice
4091. Clinical and immunological risk factors associated with Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine failure in childhood.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thirty percent (33 of 105) of children with true vaccine failure had a low Hib antibody response (concentration, <1.0 microg/mL) after disease, but the majority then responded to a further DOSE of Hib vaccine
4092. Efficacy of the classical swine fever (CSF) marker vaccine Porcilis Pesti in pregnant sows.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Ten gilts were vaccinated with one DOSE of marker vaccine, followed by a second DOSE 4 weeks later
4093. Vaccines for preventing cholera.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Randomised and quasi-randomised studies comparing cholera vaccines (killed or live) with placebo, control vaccines or no intervention, or comparing types, DOSEs or schedules of cholera vaccine
- Protection against cholera appears to persist for up to two years following a single DOSE of vaccine, and for three to four years with an annual booster.
4094. Adult vaccination, part 1: vaccines indicated by age. Teaching Immunization for Medical Education (TIME) Project.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A 3-DOSE series of adult tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) is recommended for those who have not had a primary series or whose vaccination history is uncertain
- Adults who have completed the primary vaccination series should receive a booster DOSE of Td vaccine every 10 years
4095. Association of hepatitis B virus infection with other sexually transmitted infections in homosexual men. Omega Study Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 625 subjects, 48% had received at least 1 DOSE of HBV vaccine
4096. A single dose sub-unit vaccine protects against pneumonic plague.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study, the protection afforded against aerosolised Yersinia pestis by injection of a single DOSE of an alhydrogel-adsorbed sub-unit vaccine has been compared with that given by an existing killed whole cell vaccine licensed for human use
- coli cell lysate, fully protected an outbred strain of mouse against exposure to 10(6) CFU of virulent plague organisms (10(4) mouse lethal DOSEs, MLD)
- The enhanced protective efficacy of this sub-unit vaccine administered as a single DOSE compared with an existing vaccine has been demonstrated in an outbred animal model of pneumonic plague.
4097. Rotavirus infection and intussusception: a view from retrospect.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The epidemiological data indicate that the RRV-TV vaccine triggers intussusception at a rate significantly higher than the background incidence rate following the week of vaccination, particularly after the first DOSE
4098. Factors responsible for delayed immunisation among children under 5 years of age.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This study included 139 children with a delay of more than 90 days for scheduled primary immunisation and equal number of matched control (for DOSE) receiving immunisation at appropriate time
4099. Schistosomiasis and travel medicine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Praziquantel is not effective against immature worms, therefore treatment of returning travellers with single DOSE praziquantel is effective when started not earlier than 2 months after infection
4100. Recombinant vaccinia virus encoding human MUC1 and IL2 as immunotherapy in patients with breast cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The patients were vaccinated intramuscularly with a single DOSE of TG1031; three patients were treated at each of three progressive DOSE levels ranging from 5x10(5) to 5x10(7) plaque-forming units
- A boost injection at their original DOSE level was administered in patients responding immunologically, clinically, or both
- All patients had been vaccinated as children, and patients treated at the highest DOSE level mounted a significant anti-vaccinia antibody response
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of one patient at the intermediate DOSE level showed a proliferative response to in vitro culture with vaccinia virus, with a stimulation index of 6
- A second patient treated at the intermediate DOSE level had a stimulation index of 7 to MUC1 peptide and of 14 after a boost injection
4101. Comparison of two schedules of hepatitis B vaccination in patients with mild, moderate and severe renal failure.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One month after the last DOSE of vaccination, anti-HBs was measured using ELISA kit (Abbot Laboratories, India)
- Four DOSEs schedule of 0,1,2,6 give better results than three DOSEs schedule in early CRF.
4102. [The European consensus on hepatitis C].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Higher DOSEs interferons (interferon-alpha or consensus interferon) plus ribavirin (or combination ribavirin and amantadine) for a longer period--12 months, improved efficacy of the treatment of chronic hepatitis C
- An ultrarapid HCV clearance by daily hgh-DOSE interferon-alpha induction therapy in the start of the management plus ribavirin was achieved and discussed in naive patients and in nonresponders to standard therapy
4103. Experience with the prevention of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease by vaccination in Alaska: the impact of persistent oropharyngeal carriage.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Use of polyribosylribitol phosphate-outer-membrane protein conjugate vaccine for the first vaccine DOSE is critical to disease control in this population with continued transmission in infants <6 months of age
4104. The safety and efficacy of GM-CSF as an adjuvant in hepatitis B vaccination of chronic hemodialysis patients who have failed primary vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- End-stage renal disease and the need for chronic hemodialysis is an indication for hepatitis B vaccination, but up to half of dialysis patients fail to respond to a 40 microg/DOSE i.m
- three-DOSE primary series of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine
- Only another 10-20% respond to additional boosting DOSEs of vaccine
- Patients with negative hepatitis B surface antibody and antigen who had received at least three DOSEs of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine without response (antibody titre < 10 mIU/ml) were randomized to placebo, 40 microg, or 80 microg of GM-CSF given with 40 microg recombinant hepatitis B vaccine i.m
- DOSE was not an effective adjuvant with hepatitis B vaccine in chronic hemodialysis patients who had previously failed to respond to hepatitis B immunization.
4105. Vaccination against nicotine during continued nicotine administration in rats: immunogenicity of the vaccine and effects on nicotine distribution to brain.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Nicotine-specific antibody titers after the third booster DOSE were not compromised by either regimen of concurrent nicotine administration compared to those of rats receiving saline
- nicotine DOSE was administered at the end of each experiment
- The distribution of this single nicotine DOSE to brain was reduced by 40-60% in vaccinated rats compared to controls
4106. Safety and immunogenicity profile of a recombinant outer-surface protein A Lyme disease vaccine: clinical trial of a 3-dose schedule at 0, 1, and 2 months.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This study compared the tolerability of a Lyme disease vaccine administered intramuscularly at 0 and 1 months with that of a vaccine administered at 0, 1, and 2 months to determine (1) whether adding a third DOSE of vaccine 1 month after the second would affect the safety profile, and (2) whether a shortened vaccination schedule of 0, 1, and 2 months would provide an immune response similar to that obtained with vaccine administered at 0, 1, and 12 months
- An efficacy trial of a Lyme disease vaccine had demonstrated safety and efficacy against definite (clinically manifested and laboratory-confirmed) Lyme disease after 3 DOSEs at 0, 1, and 12 months and resulted in 90% of subjects having titers > or =1400 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units (EL.U)/mL (the proposed seroprotective level for 1 tick season)
- This multicenter, open-label, prospective, randomized study assessed the safety and efficacy of different DOSEs of a recombinant outer-surface protein A (OspA) vaccine in 956 volunteers aged 17 to 72 years from 3 Lyme disease-endemic sites
- The geometric mean antibody titer increased 2.8-fold from month 2 (1786 EL.U/mL to 4842 EL.U/mL), and approximately 90% of the volunteers had a titer > or =1400 and 99% had a titer > or =400 EL.U/mL (the mini- mum seroprotective level at any given time) after the third DOSE
- In volunteers aged 17 to 72 years, 3 DOSEs of vaccine administered in 2 months was well tolerated, more immunogenic than 2 DOSEs, and provided a higher probability of protection before exposure or travel to Lyme disease-endemic areas.
4107. Cancer cells engineered to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor using ex vivo gene transfer as vaccines for the treatment of genitourinary malignancies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One patient with measurable kidney cancer metastases treated at the highest vaccine DOSE level experienced a partial treatment response
- Future clinical studies will be required to assess vaccine treatment efficacy, refine vaccination DOSE and schedule, define the appropriate clinical context for the use of such vaccines, and ascertain optimal combinations involving vaccines and other local or systemic anticancer treatments.
4108. Distribution of DNA vaccines determines their immunogenicity after intramuscular injection in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Injection of a standard 50-microl DOSE resulted in the rapid dispersion of labeled DNA throughout the muscle
4109. Efficacy of a type C botulism vaccine in green-winged teal.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We tested the efficacy of a single DOSE of Botumink toxoid for protecting wild green-winged teal (Anas crecca) during botulism epizootics caused by Clostridium botulinum type C
- We challenged control and immunized ducks with four different DOSEs of type C botulinum toxin to determine the LD50 for this species and to evaluate vaccine protection
- Fewer immunized ducks were affected with botulism than control ducks, indicating that a single DOSE of Botumink toxoid could increase the survival of ducks during epizootics
- However, the frequency of immunized ducks with signs of botulism increased with the challenge DOSE of botulinum toxin
- Even at DOSEs of botulinum toxin approximately 2 to 4 green-winged teal LD50, about 50% of the immunized ducks were affected
4110. Ineffectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in cirrhotic patients waiting for liver transplantation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Patients received three DOSEs (20 mg) of Engerix-B (SmithKline Beecham) at zero, one and two months before transplantation, and their response was measured on the day of liver transplantation (9.3+/-1.2 months after the initial DOSE of vaccine)
4111. Enhancement of humoral and protective immune response induced by live-attenuated Salmonella typhi by ampicillin.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Efficacy of live-attenuated Salmonella vaccines delivered by the mucosal route is limited by the DOSE and interference from mucosal flora of the alimentary tract
- typhi (Ty21a) when ampicillin was concomitantly administered (p<0.005), and the lethal DOSE 50 of mice in the ampicillin and control groups immunized with Ty21a after wild-type S
4112. Diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed (Triacelluvax; DTaP3-CB): a review of its use in the prevention of Bordetella pertussis infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When given as a fourth or fifth booster DOSE, DTaP3-CB produced a significant immune response in infants primed with 3 DOSEs of either a DTaP or DTwP vaccine
4113. Restricted expression of an adenoviral vector encoding Fas ligand (CD95L) enhances safety for cancer gene therapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In contrast to viral promoters, in which mortality was uniformly seen after injection of 10(12) particles, no significant hepatic injury or systemic toxicity was observed in mice, and the maximum tolerated DOSE was increased > or = 10- to 100-fold
4114. Immunogene therapy for murine melanoma using recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing melanoma-associated antigens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunization was less effective with active treatment where tumor growth was not significantly inhibited by a single DOSE of either Ad2/muTRP-2 or Ad2/hugp100
- However, increasing the number of intradermal immunization sites and the number of DOSEs resulted in progressive improvements in protection from tumor growth in the active treatment model
- In conclusion, breaking host tolerance to elicit protective immunity by using adenoviral vectors expressing melanoma-associated antigens is dependent upon the choice of antigen, the site of administration, and the number of DOSEs
4115. [Colibacillosis in swine: proof of vaccine efficacy].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After the sterility and innocuity controls, it was diluted to a 12 x 10(8) concentration to make the mouse protection test in 20 mice, of 18-20 g, inoculating the vaccine the days 1, 4, 7 and 10, by the intraperitoneal route, DOSEs of 0.25 ml each one
4116. Characterization of T cell clones derived from lymph nodes and lungs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-susceptible and resistant mice following immunization with heat-killed bacteria.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All lymph node BALB/c clones proliferated in response to Pseudomonas antigen in a DOSE-dependent manner, and this response was MHC class II-restricted
4117. [Anti-tumor vaccination].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Five year survival rates are presented for 32 primary operated breast cancer patients who were postoperatively treated with an optimal DOSE of autologous NDV-modified tumor vaccine
- Their overall survival and their recurrent-free survival was significantly better than that of 31 comparable breast cancer patients treated simultaneously with a suboptimal DOSE of the same type of vaccine
4118. [A new live Salmonella enteritidis vaccine for chickens--experimental evidence of its safety and efficacy].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After oral administration of the single and the tenfold DOSE, no incompatibility reactions were seen in day-old chicks
4119. Recombinant attenuated Toxoplasma gondii expressing the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein provides highly effective priming for CD8+ T cell-dependent protective immunity against malaria.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When administered to mice in a single DOSE, a recombinant ts-4 (CSC3) that both secretes and expresses surface PyCSP induced strong anti-CSP Ab responses, with an isotype distribution pattern similar to that stimulated by the T
4120. Cooperative effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag38 gene transduction and interleukin 12 in vaccination against spontaneous tumor development in proto-neu transgenic mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Protection from spontaneous tumor development was increased when mice were vaccinated with the mycobacterium gene-transduced vaccine plus a systemic administration of interleukin 12 (IL-12) at a low DOSE
- tuberculosis gene and low DOSEs of IL-12 in a model of stochastic development of mammary tumors
4121. Intracranial paracrine interleukin-2 therapy stimulates prolonged antitumor immunity that extends outside the central nervous system.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Animals that survived intracranial IL-2 therapy and tumor challenge showed prolonged survival compared with controls when challenged with a second tumor DOSE 70 days after initial treatment
- Conversely, identical or 10-fold larger DOSEs of IL-2-transduced cells administered by subcutaneous injection failed to generate protection against intracranial tumor challenges
4122. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis: a retrospective cohort study of acute flaccid paralyses in Brazil.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A risk of 1 case/2.39 million first DOSEs and 1 case/13.03 million OPV DOSEs administered was estimated for the general population
- Cases of AFP who received OPV between 4 and 40 days before the onset of paralysis and had fever, a prodrome of gastrointestinal symptoms, history of first DOSE of OPV, isolation of vaccine poliovirus type 2, and young age deserve careful investigation, since they are at increased risk for the condition studied.
4123. Estimation of the indirect effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in an American Indian population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The effectiveness of receipt of at least one DOSE was 97.2%
- Compared to communities with 0-20% coverage with at least one DOSE, residence in communities with 20-40% and 40-60% coverage was associated with risk reductions of 56.5% and 73.2%, respectively
4124. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Policy statement: recommendations for the prevention of pneumococcal infections, including the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevnar), pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and antibiotic prophylaxis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For children 7 to 23 months old who have not received previous DOSEs of PCV7, administration of a reduced number of DOSEs is recommended
- Two DOSEs of PCV7 are recommended for children 24 to 59 months old at high risk of invasive pneumococcal infection-including children with functional, anatomic, or congenital asplenia; infection with human immunodeficiency virus; and other predisposing conditions-who have not been immunized previously with PCV7
- Therefore, a single DOSE of PCV7 or 23PS vaccine may be given to children 24 months or older
4125. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus in cirrhotic patients on liver transplant waiting list.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We studied prospectively the response rate to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (3 40-microg DOSEs administered at 0, 1, and 2 months) in 62 patients with end-stage liver disease awaiting liver transplantation
- A further 3 DOSEs were administered in 15 of 28 nonresponders and were effective in 9 patients
- Vaccination with this double-DOSE schedule should be considered in such patients before liver transplantation.
4126. Vaccination of cattle workers at risk of Q fever on the north coast of New South Wales.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Participants were screened for complement fixation (CF) antibodies and returned one week later for results when a DOSE of Q fever vaccine was given if serum and skin tests were negative
4127. Safety and immunogenicity of two different lots of the oral, killed enterotoxigenic escherichia coli-cholera toxin B subunit vaccine in Israeli young adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two double-blind placebo-controlled, randomized trials were performed among 155 healthy volunteers to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of different lots of the oral, killed ETEC vaccine consisting of two DOSEs of whole cells plus recombinantly produced cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB)
- The two DOSEs of vaccine lot E005 and the first DOSE of vaccine lot E003 were well tolerated by the volunteers
- However, 5 (17%) vaccinees reported an episode of vomiting a few hours after the second DOSE of lot E003; none of the placebo recipients reported similar symptoms
- Both lots of vaccine stimulated a rate of significant antibody-secreting cell (ASC) response to CTB and to colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) after one or two DOSEs, ranging from 85 to 100% and from 81 to 100%, respectively
- The second vaccine DOSE enhanced the response to CTB but did not increase the frequencies or magnitude of ASC responses to the other antigens
4128. Dose-dependent and schedule-dependent effects of interleukin-12 on antigen-specific CD8 responses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Studies using, as antigen, cDNA from an autologous antigen (P1A) as well as studies of responses to vaccinia virus-delivered self (gp100) and non-self (beta-galactosidase) antigens show that the DOSE and schedule of IL-12 administration can significantly affect adjuvant activity, leading to enhancement or suppression of antigen-specific responses.
4129. Efficacy of immunization against hepatitis B virus infection in children with cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine DOSE was 40 microg
- Anti-HBs positivity after the first three DOSEs was 77% in solid tumors, 88% in acute leukemia, and 48% in lymphomas
- Thirty-three percent of children have not received the fourth DOSE as yet
- In total 78% of the children developed protective antibody titers with or without the fourth DOSE, and none was infected with HBV during 3 years of follow-up
4130. Risk factors for equine influenza serum antibody titres in young thoroughbred racehorses given an inactivated vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A second DOSE of vaccine administered a month after the first in yearlings did not increase the mean titre but 75% of horses had levels of antibody > or =140 mm(2)
- For yearlings entering training, the important predictors from multiple-regression analyses of SRH titres prior to vaccination were "Time since last vaccination," "Total number of previous vaccines" and "Age at first vaccination." In 2-year-olds and following two DOSEs of vaccine in yearlings, there was no significant relationship between these factors and SRH titre.
4131. Correlates of protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Correlates of protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans are desirable for identifying protective antigens, demonstrating the immunogenicity of a vaccine candidate and its potential efficacy, and permitting optimization of the DOSE, vehicle, adjuvant, and schedule of immunization
4132. Clinical outcome of breast and ovarian cancer patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy, autologous stem cell rescue and THERATOPE STn-KLH cancer vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Forty patients (11 high-risk stage II/III breast cancer, 22 stage IV breast cancer, and seven stage III/IV ovarian cancer patients) were treated with high-DOSE chemotherapy followed by autologous/syngeneic stem cell rescue and vaccination with THERATOPE STn-KLH (Sialyl-Tn-KLH with Detox-B Stable Emulsion)
4133. Immunization of rhesus monkeys with a recombinant of modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing a truncated envelope glycoprotein of dengue type 2 virus induced resistance to dengue type 2 virus challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Importantly, the subsequent study showed that all four monkeys immunized with the recombinant in a three DOSE schedule developed an increased level of antibodies and were completely protected against DEN2 challenge
4134. B7-1 gene-modified autologous tumor-cell vaccines for renal-cell carcinoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Aliquots of the B7-1 gene-modified tumor cells are given to the patients as a vaccine at varying intervals according to a DOSE-escalation scheme
- The immunogenicity and toxicity of the vaccine as well as the clinical response are being assessed in three to five patients at each of three DOSE levels.
4135. [The immunological efficacy of one, two and three inoculations against diphtheria in adults].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The low level of highly protected persons among vaccinees receiving three injections was due to a low DOSE of diphtheria toxoid (2 Lf) in adsorbed DT-m vaccine with reduced antigen content.
4136. Efficacy of influenza vaccine in the elderly in welfare nursing homes: reduction in risks of mortality and morbidity during an influenza A (H3N2) epidemic.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 22,462 individuals living in 301 welfare nursing homes, 10,739 received either one DOSE (2027 subjects) or two DOSEs (8712 subjects) of inactivated, subunit trivalent influenza vaccine
- Vaccination was almost equally effective in those who received one DOSE of vaccine and those who received two DOSEs
4137. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in Brazil, 1989-1995.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For the first DOSE of OPV administered to the general population the estimated risk was 1 case of VAPP for every 2.39 million DOSEs; for total DOSEs of OPV the risk was 1 case in 13.03 million DOSEs
4138. Inhibitory activity of fenoterol on Dermatophagoides-, Parietaria-, tetanus-toxoid-, and Candida albicans-stimulated blood mononuclear cells: differences in beta2-adrenoreceptor stimulation but not in cell apoptosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In cultures stimulated with Der p or with Parietaria, fenoterol induced a DOSE-dependent inhibition of BMC proliferation, significant also at the lowest concentration tested (10(-8) M) (p < 0.05, each comparison)
- In contrast, the inhibitory activity of the drug on tetanus-toxoid-stimulated BMCs was significant only at the highest DOSE tested (10(-5)M) (p < 0.05), whereas no effect was seen when BMCs were stimulated with C
4139. The effectiveness of the infant hepatitis B immunisation program in Fiji, Kiribati, Tonga and Vanuatu.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- By age 6 months, when all children should have had three vaccine DOSEs, completed immunisation rates ranged from 22 (Fiji) to 84% (Vanuatu)
- Coverage of the first DOSE being given within 2 days of birth varied from 43% in Kiribati to 92% in Tonga
4140. Intramuscular immunization with genetically inactivated (ghosts) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 protects pigs against homologous aerosol challenge and prevents carrier state.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE-defined nose-only aerosol infection model for pigs was used to study the immunogenic and protective potential of systemic immunization with ghosts made from A
- Pigs were vaccinated twice intramuscularly with a DOSE of 5x10(9) CFU ghosts (GVPs) or formalin-inactivated A
- After 2 weeks vaccinated pigs and non-vaccinated placebo controls (PCs) were challenged with a DOSE of 10(9) CFU by aerosol
4141. Cocaine vaccines: antibody protection against relapse in a rat model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To further assess the surmountability potential of GNC-KLH-induced antibody titers by cocaine self-administration, and the capacity of these titers to block the reinforcing effects of the drug, rats were tested at various DOSEs of cocaine (0.015-0.5 mg/infusion)
- Active immunization with GNC-KLH produced approximately an 8-fold rightward shift of the DOSE-effect function for cocaine
4142. Recombinant chimeric yellow fever-dengue type 2 virus is immunogenic and protective in nonhuman primates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In one experiment, groups of non-YF-immune monkeys received graded DOSEs of ChimeriVax-D2; a control group received only the vaccine diluents
- All vaccinated monkeys developed neutralizing antibodies in a DOSE-dependent response
4143. Two-year study of the protective efficacy of the oral whole cell plus recombinant B subunit cholera vaccine in Peru.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Study subjects received 2 DOSEs of vaccine or placebo 2 weeks apart, followed by a booster DOSE 10 months later
- A total of 17,799 persons received 2 DOSEs of vaccine or placebo, and 14,997 of these persons received the booster DOSE
- After 2 DOSEs (first surveillance period), V
- After 3 DOSEs (second surveillance period), V
4144. Control of occupational hepatitis B among healthcare workers in the Czech Republic, 1982 to 1995.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Despite giving vaccine intradermally from 1983 to 1989 and intramuscularly as half DOSE from 1990 to 1995, rates of occupational hepatitis B decreased dramatically, from 177 cases per 100,000 workers in 1982 (before program initiated) to 17 cases per 100,000 in 1995
- We conclude that strong public-health leadership led to control of occupational hepatitis B among HCWs in the Czech Republic, despite limited resources that precluded administering full-DOSE intramuscular vaccine for much of the program
4145. Points to consider in the development of a surrogate for efficacy of novel Japanese encephalitis virus vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Although an effective killed virus vaccine to prevent illness due to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection exists, many authorities recognize that a safe, effective live JEV vaccine is desirable in order to reduce the cost and the number of DOSEs of vaccine required per immunization
4146. Improving protective immunity induced by DNA-based immunization: priming with antigen and GM-CSF-encoding plasmid DNA and boosting with antigen-expressing recombinant poxvirus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We now report that combining these two strategies, by first mixing the priming DOSE of pPyCSP with pGMCSF and then boosting with recombinant virus, can substantially increase vaccine effectiveness
- Not only were immune responses and protection improved but the pPyCSP DOSE could be lowered from 100 microg to 1 microg with little loss of immunogenicity after boost with recombinant poxvirus
- Comparing mice primed by the 1-microg DOSEs of pPyCSP plus 1 microg pGMCSF with mice primed by 1-microg DOSEs of pPyCSP alone, the former were better protected (60% vs 0) and had higher concentrations of Abs (titers of 163, 840 vs 5, 120 by indirect fluorescent Ab test against sporozoites), more ex vivo CTL activity (25% vs 7% specific lysis), and more IFN-gamma-secreting cells by enzyme-linked immunospot assay (1460 vs 280 IFN-gamma spot-forming cells/106 cells)
- Priming with plasmid vaccine plus pGMCSF and boosting with recombinant poxviruses strongly improves the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DNA vaccination and allows for significant reduction of DOSE.
4147. Immunization coverage among predominantly Hispanic children, aged 2-3 years, in central Los Angeles.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination coverage was over 90% for the first three DOSEs of Diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and pertussis/ diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTP/DTaP)/Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids vaccine (DT), first two DOSEs of poliovirus (Polio) vaccine, first DOSE of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, and first two DOSEs of hepatitis B (Hep B) vaccine
4148. Nanogram quantities of a DNA vaccine protect rainbow trout fry against heterologous strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The minimal DOSE of vaccine required, the protection against heterologous strains, and the titers of neutralizing antibodies produced were used to evaluate the potential of the vaccine as a control pharmaceutical
- Results indicated that a single DOSE of as little as 1-10 ng of vaccine protected rainbow trout fry against waterborne challenge by IHNV
- An optimal DOSE of 100 ng per fish was selected to assure strong protection under various conditions
- A single DOSE of this DNA vaccine induced protection in fish at a lower DOSE than is usually reported in mammalian DNA vaccine studies.
4149. Protection against influenza virus infection in mice immunized by administration of hemagglutinin-expressing DNAs with electroporation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One or 3 weeks after the immunization, the mice were infected with a lethal DOSE of the PR8 virus
- Ten micrograms or more of HA-DNA/DOSE induced strong serum anti-HA IgG antibody (Ab) responses, in which both IgG1 and IgG2a were predominant, and weak cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses
- In addition, mice were immunized by dropping HA-DNA (12 microg) three times, 2 weeks between each DOSE into nostrils where each of two electrode needles was placed on the right nostril or the palate
- One week after the immunization, the mice were infected with a sublethal DOSE of the PR8 virus
4150. Long-term protective immunity to rinderpest in cattle following a single vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the virus haemagglutinin protein.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the present study, the duration of the protective immunity generated by the vaccine in cattle was examined for up to 3 years following the administration of a single vaccination DOSE of 10(8) p.f.u
4151. Antigen-specific cancer immunotherapy using a GM-CSF secreting allogeneic tumor cell-based vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In contrast, mice vaccinated with B16GM and B16E7 did not show any tumor protection against a similar DOSE of BL-1 cells
4152. Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For the whole cell vaccines single DOSE regimens provided significant protection for the first two years
- Two DOSE regimens provided significant protection for five years
- For the Ty21a vaccine, both two and three DOSE regimens provided statistically significant protection for two years
- The three DOSE regimen provided protection in the third and fourth years, but protection was not statistically significant in the fifth year
- The three year cumulative efficacy of two DOSEs of whole cell vaccines was 73% (95% confidence interval 65-80), three DOSEs of Ty21a was 51%, (95% confidence interval 35 to 63) and one DOSE of Vi was 55% (95% confidence interval 30 to 71)
4153. Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The Finnish trial lacked statistical power to assess the effect of a booster DOSE given to children less than 18 months old
4154. Vaccines for preventing cholera.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Randomised and quasi-randomised studies comparing cholera vaccines (killed or live) with placebo, control vaccines or no intervention, or comparing types, DOSEs or schedules of cholera vaccine
- Protection against cholera appears to persist for up to two years following a single DOSE of vaccine, and for three to four years with an annual booster.
4155. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation treatment for carcinoma in situ of the upper urinary tract.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Based on the cytology results after only two BCG treatments, the DOSE or number of BCG instillations could possibly be reduced, but further study is needed.
4156. AIDSVAX (MN) in Bangkok injecting drug users: a report on safety and immunogenicity, including macrophage-tropic virus neutralization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Four DOSEs of vaccine (300 microg of MN-rgp120 in alum) or placebo (alum) were given at study entry and at 1, 6, and 12 months
- Maximal titers of binding antibodies of MN-rgp120 and the V3 domain of MN-rgp120 were induced after the third (6 month) DOSE while maximal neutralizing antibodies followed the fourth (12 month) DOSE
4157. Comparison of higher-dose intradermal hepatitis B vaccination to standard intramuscular vaccination of healthcare workers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Higher-DOSE ID vaccination (3 vs 1 microg per injection) uses one sixth of the DOSE required for standard IM vaccination
4158. Influence of administration dose and route on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of BBG2Na, a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine candidate.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of BBG2Na, a novel recombinant respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine candidate, was assessed in BALB/c mice under various conditions of DOSE, administration route and number of immunisations
- A single intra-peritoneal (i.p.) DOSE of 2 microg, or two DOSEs of 0.2 microg, were sufficient to induce elevated RSV-A serum antibodies and sterilising lung protective immunity
- Thus, the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease, the principle goal of a RSV vaccine, but not URT infection, is DOSE dependent but unlikely to be influenced by the route of BBG2Na administration.
4159. Predictive factors for the neutralizing antibody response following pre-exposure rabies immunization: validation of a new booster dose strategy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The aim was to propose a new booster DOSE strategy by identifying predictive factors for the durability of the neutralizing antibody response
- A P value <0.4 identified subjects as "good" responders who were sure to be have satisfactory antibody titers at 10 years and who required a single booster DOSE every 10 years
- A P value >/=0.4 identified subjects as "poor" responders in whom a specific follow-up and booster DOSE strategy is proposed
4160. Comparative evaluation of conjugate vaccines in the Haemophilus influenzae infection model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The mortality rate in mice infected with a large DOSE of the bacteria after vaccination with HbOC or PRP-T at two and three DOSEs was significantly lower than in non-vaccinated mice and mice vaccinated by one DOSE
- Furthermore, for infections caused by a small bacterial DOSE, the mortality rate in mice vaccinated with one, two, or three DOSEs was significantly lower than in non-vaccinated mice
- The induction level of anti-PRP antibodies, especially IgG, in serum of mice vaccinated by two or three DOSEs was higher than in those vaccinated with a single DOSE
- Our results indicate that the DOSE of vaccine influences its efficacy in protecting against Hib infection
4161. T cell activity after dendritic cell vaccination is dependent on both the type of antigen and the mode of delivery.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4162. Comparison of immunogenicity and safety of a virosome influenza vaccine with those of a subunit influenza vaccine in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The objective of this study was to compare the immunogenicity and safety of a single-DOSE regimen and a two-DOSE regimen of a trivalent virosome influenza vaccine (Inflexal Berna V) with those of a trivalent subunit influenza vaccine (Influvac) in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF)
- Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers were determined at baseline and 4 weeks after the single-DOSE and the two-DOSE immunizations, respectively
- The virosome vaccine, when administered as a single DOSE, seemed to induce superior immunogenicity compared with the standard pediatric two-DOSE regimen
- No obvious relationship was found between AE reporting rate and vaccine formulation, age group, or DOSE regimen
4163. A phase I trial of solubilized DR2:MBP84-102 (AG284) in multiple sclerosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Soluble species-specific major histocompatibility complex myelin basic protein91-103 complexes ameliorate disease in a DOSE-dependent manner when administered to SJL/J mice with chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
- Thirty-three patients with secondary progressive MS were randomly assigned to receive three alternate day IV DOSEs of AG284 or placebo in a double-masked DOSE escalation study
4164. Preclinical evaluation of "whole" cell vaccines for prophylaxis and therapy using a disabled infectious single cycle-herpes simplex virus vector to transduce cytokine genes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Gene expression occurred rapidly after infection of tumor cells, and the level of production of the gene product (beta-galactosidase, GM-CSF, or IL-2) was shown to be both time-and DOSE-dependent
4165. Efficacy of influenza vaccination in adult liver transplant recipients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A two-DOSE vaccination regimen improved vaccination efficacy in LTx recipients
- Whether transplant patients generally benefit from a two-DOSE vaccination regimen should be evaluated further.
4166. Stability of Russell's viper venom toxoid (lyophilized form) on storage.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4167. Efficacy trial of single-dose live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in North Jakarta, Indonesia, a cholera-endemic area.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial of one DOSE of CVD 103-HgR live oral cholera vaccine was performed in Indonesia from 1993 to 1997
- In Jakarta, single-DOSE CVD 103-HgR did not confer long-term protection
- Short-term protection from a single-DOSE and long-term protection from two DOSEs have yet to be studied.
4168. Fermentation, purification, and efficacy of a recombinant vaccine candidate against botulinum neurotoxin type F from Pichia pastoris.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Similarly, three DOSEs of 1 microgram of purified resolubilized rBoNTF(H(c)) completely protected mice from a challenge of 5000 mouse ip LD(50) of BoNTF toxin
- The work presented here demonstrates that purified rBoNTF(H(c)) is able to protect against a high challenge DOSE of neurotoxin.
4169. Projected cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of healthy infants and young children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Hypothetical comparisons of routine vaccination of healthy infants, requiring 4 DOSEs of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months), and catch-up vaccination of children aged 2 to 4.9 years requiring 1 DOSE, with children receiving no intervention
- Vaccination of healthy infants would result in net savings for society if the vaccine cost less than $46 per DOSE, and net savings for the health care payer if the vaccine cost less than $18 per DOSE
- At the manufacturer's list price of $58 per DOSE, infant vaccination would cost society $80000 per life-year saved or $160 per otitis media episode prevented (other estimated costs would be $3200 per pneumonia case prevented, $15000 for bacteremia, and $280000 for meningitis)
- The cost-effectiveness of an additional program to administer 1 DOSE of vaccine to children aged 2 to 4.9 years would vary depending on the children's ages, relative risks of pneumococcal disease, and vaccine cost
4170. [An epidemic outbreak of mumps. A study of vaccinal efficacy].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Effectiveness of a DOSE of the mumps component of the vaccine was low (46%; CI, 0-84), though the effectiveness of a second DOSE was higher (87%; CI, 27-99)
- It is proposed that the age for the second DOSE should be brought forward to school-starting age (primary, first year)
4171. Hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4172. Production of protective human antipneumococcal antibodies by transgenic mice with human immunoglobulin loci.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A 10-microgram DOSE of both, and a 1-microgram DOSE of one, significantly prolonged survival from a lethal serotype 3 infection in CBA/N mice
4173. The determination of equivalent doses of standardized allergen vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4174. Intratumoral coinjection of two adenoviruses, one encoding the chemokine IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 and another encoding IL-12, results in marked antitumoral synergy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- AdCMVIP-10 synergizes with the antitumor effect of suboptimal DOSEs of AdCMVIL-12, reaching 100% of tumor eradication not only against injected, but also against distant noninjected tumor nodules
- From a clinical point of view, the effects of IP-10 permit one to lower the required gene transfer level of IL-12, thus preventing DOSE-dependent IL-12-mediated toxicity while improving the therapeutic efficacy of the elicited antitumor response.
4175. Current use and questions concerning intravesical bladder cancer group for superficial bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- There is no definitive answer regarding the efficacy of maintenance therapy or the optimum DOSE of BCG
4176. Efficacy of antimicrobial treatments and vaccination regimens for control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Streptococcus suis coinfection of nursery pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Pigs in groups 2 to 7 were challenged intranasally with 2 ml of high-virulence PRRSV isolate VR-2385 (10(4.47) 50% tissue culture infective DOSEs per 2 ml) on day 0 of the study (30 days of age)
- Vaccination regimens included two intramuscular DOSEs of an autogenous killed S
- suis challenge or a single 2-ml intramuscular DOSE of an attenuated live PRRSV vaccine (group 7) 2 weeks prior to PRRSV challenge
4177. An oral vaccine against NMDAR1 with efficacy in experimental stroke and epilepsy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This single-DOSE vaccine was associated with strong anti-epileptic and neuroprotective activity in rats for both a kainate-induced seizure model and also a middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model at 1 to 5 months following vaccination
4178. Vaccine safety: injecting a dose of common sense.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4179. Comparative efficacy of recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag-Pol and/or Env in macaques challenged with pathogenic SIV.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A cohort of 24 macaques was immunized with recombinant or nonrecombinant MVA (four groups of six animals) and was challenged with 50 times the DOSE at which 50% of macaques are infected with uncloned pathogenic SIVsmE660
4180. Effects of delivery method on serological responses of bighorn sheep to a multivalent Pasteurella haemolytica supernatant vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All bighorns received a single DOSE from the same lot of vaccine (n = 10/treatment); four additional animals were injected intramuscularly with 0.9% saline as unvaccinated sentinels
4181. [Long-term efficacy study of hepatitis B vaccination in newborns--results of 11 years' follow-up].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the long-term efficacy of hepatitis B(HB) vaccination in newborns and the need for a booster DOSE
- At the 5th year after the first DOSE the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the children in other district who were also born in 1986 and remained unvaccinated was surveyed as external controls
- The efficacy of HB vaccine was long-lasting and a booster DOSE was not necessary at least up to age 11 years.
4182. [A large-scale study on the safety and epidemiological efficacy of Japanese encephalitis (JE) live vaccine (SA14-14-2) in the JE endemic areas].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All children of 1-6 years old received one primary DOSE of live vaccine and the children at one or two years old were respectively given one DOSE for primary or booster vaccination in 1993-1996
4183. [Cost of tetanus toxoid injection using a jet-injector (Imule) in collective immunization in Senegal: comparison with injection using a syringe and resterilizable needle].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Their principal use, however, has been in the administration of lyophilized vaccines from multiDOSE vials to at-risk populations in developing countries
- The total cost was estimated to be 1.51 FF (76 F CSA, 0.32 US dollars) for one DOSE of tetanus vaccine given by needle and syringe and 2.41 FF (121 F CSA, 0.56 US dollars) for one DOSE given by Imule
4184. Production of IFN-gamma and IL-10 to Shigella invasins by mononuclear cells from volunteers orally inoculated with a Shiga toxin-deleted Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Whereas there were no Ab or Ab-secreting cell responses in volunteers receiving the lowest inoculum, other DOSE groups had moderate to strong anti-LPS and anti-Ipa responses
4185. Vaccine protocols to optimise the protective efficacy of BCG.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine how the DOSE of vaccine, the route of vaccination, the viability of the vaccine and exposure to glucocorticoids at the time of vaccination, may affect the protective efficacy of BCG vaccines
- Significant protection against infection and disease were obtained following boosting with two low DOSEs (5 x 10(4) cfu) or moderate DOSEs (5 x 10(7) cfu) of live (freshly cultured and lyophilized) BCG
- Inferior levels of protection were obtained with high DOSE (5 x 10(8) cfu) of live BCG
- Two DOSEs of live BCG gave significant protection against experimental infection and disease caused by virulent M
- Single DOSE vaccine protected against disease but not infection
4186. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as an adjuvant to hepatitis B vaccination in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Twelve chronic HD patients were randomly assigned to receive either hepatitis B vaccination alone or hepatitis B vaccination 24 h after 1 DOSE of GM-CSF for primary immunization
- A group of 16 chronic HD patients who had not seroconverted after a standard two-DOSE hepatitis B vaccination were randomly assigned either to a booster DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine alone or a booster DOSE given 24 h after one DOSE of GM-CSF
- In the primary immunization group only 2 of 6 patients (33%) who had received vaccination alone, versus 5 of 6 patients (83%) who had received hepatitis B vaccine after one DOSE of GM-CSF, developed seroprotective antibody titers
- In patients who had not seroconverted with prior hepatitis B vaccination, GM-CSF adjuvant therapy significantly increased the seroconversion rate versus booster DOSE alone (87.5 vs
- These findings suggest that administration of one DOSE of GM-CSF, as adjuvant therapy, prior to primary or booster DOSE hepatitis B vaccination may significantly increase seroconversion rate and seroprotective antibody titers in chronic HD patients.
4187. Chimeric yellow fever virus 17D-Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine: dose-response effectiveness and extended safety testing in rhesus monkeys.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- ChimeriVax-JE was fully attenuated for weaned mice inoculated by the intracerebral (i.c.) route, whereas commercial yellow fever 17D vaccine (YF-Vax) caused lethal encephalitis with a 50% lethal DOSE of 1.67 log(10) PFU
- Neutralizing antibodies appeared between days 6 and 10; by day 30, neutralizing antibody responses were similar across DOSE groups
4188. Cost effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Australia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Using conservative vaccine efficacy estimates, current immunization uptake rates and a cost of $30 per DOSE of vaccine, rotavirus immunisation would incur a net societal cost of $2.9 million ($11 per child), at a gross program cost of $21.6 million
- A rotavirus immunisation program would be cost-neutral to Australian society at a vaccine price of $26 per DOSE (or $19 when health care system costs only are considered)
4189. Two-dose combined vaccination against hepatitis A and B in healthy subjects aged 11-18 years.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this open, randomized trial the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity profile of a high-DOSE combined hepatitis A and B candidate vaccine was compared with that of Twinrix Paediatric in healthy volunteers aged 11-18 years
- One group received the high-DOSE vaccine (720 E1.U HAV antigen; 20 microg hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at months 0 and 6; the second group received Twinrix Paediatric (360 E1.U HAV antigen; 10 microg HBsAg), following a 0-1-6-month schedule
- For hepatitis A all subjects had seroconverted at month 7, and geometric mean titres (GMT) were 8,151 mIU/ml in the high-DOSE group and 6,394 mIU/ml in the Twinrix Paediatric group
- The seroprotection rate attained 100% in both groups, and GMT were 4,212 mIU/ml (high-DOSE group) and 6,330 mIU/ml (Twinrix Paediatric)
- This high-DOSE vaccine, administered following a two-DOSE schedule, can be considered an alternative regimen for the immunization of healthy adolescents against hepatitis A and hepatitis B infections, in a setting where vaccinees are not immediately at risk of exposure to hepatitis B.
4190. Evaluation of rotavirus vaccines in small animal models.
DOI.org -
SciHub -
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In August 1998, Rotashield™, a three DOSE, live attenuated tetravalent (TV), rhesus rotavirus (RRV) vaccine produced by Wyeth Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics (West Henrietta, NY), was licensed
- Without amplification of the vaccine virus by replication, a high DOSE of nonreplicating immunogen may be required
4191. Evaluation of meningococcal meningitis vaccination strategies for the meningitis belt in Africa.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Additional models analyzed the potential impact and costs of either a 1- or 4-DOSE routine scheduled delivery of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine based on data reported to the World Health Organization from 16 countries during 1948 through 1996
- For Burkina Faso neither 1- nor 4-DOSE vaccination schedules would prevent >30% of meningitis cases compared with the 42% prevented through an outbreak response program of vaccinating districts, which reach an incidence of 15 per 100000 persons for 2 weeks
- For the entire meningitis belt, routine coverage with the 1- or 4-DOSE schedule meningococcal vaccine would require 4.9 and 19.6 million DOSEs annually, respectively, for an annual net cost of $4.4 to $12.3 million and prevent an average 10300 to 12600 cases (23 to 28%), assuming a long term vaccine efficacy of 50%
4192. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances the efficacy of hepatitis B virus vaccine in previously unvaccinated haemodialysis patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Titres of antibody to HBsAg (HBsAb) were quantitatively assayed, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), at 1, 2, 6 and 7 months from the first DOSE of vaccination
- Only 44% of the patients in group A developed protective antibody levels (mean HBsAb: 22 IU l-1) Fifty per cent of responders developed protective antibody levels (HBsAb >10 IU l-1) only after the fourth DOSE of vaccination
- Sixty-seven per cent of the responders were protected after only the second DOSE of vaccination (P=0.046)
4193. LPD lipopolyplex initiates a potent cytokine response and inhibits tumor growth.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Surprisingly, all LPD complexes including those containing an 'empty' plasmid provided a potent (>50% inhibition) and DOSE-dependent antitumor effect, compared with dextrose-treated controls
4194. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-associated inflammation and fibrosis: modulation by recombinant BCG expressing interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A murine intravenous BCG infection model was used in which there was a time- and DOSE-dependent increase in the weight and number of granulomas in the liver
4195. Intensification of therapy using hematopoietic stem-cell support for high-risk neuroblastoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The use of new strategies for DOSE intensification using peripheral blood stem cell or autologous purged bone marrow rescue has raised expectations for cure in advanced neuroblastoma, although conflicting reports exist regarding the efficacy of these approaches
4196. The Denver school-based adolescent hepatitis B vaccination program: a cost analysis with risk simulation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The per-DOSE cost-effectiveness ratio for the school-based delivery system was $31
- In the network HMO, the direct cost per DOSE was $68 and the societal cost was $118 when the child's father worked full-time and the mother worked part-time
- The cost per DOSE of the school-based program was significantly less than that of the network HMO-based program, because in the school program government-purchased vaccine was available at a lower cost and parents did not incur work-loss costs.
4197. Modified induction course: a solution to side-effects?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The following two approaches to BCG immunotherapy were investigated at the Department of Urology of Padova University by specific Phase II and III trials designed to evaluate the possibility of reducing BCG-related side-effects without compromising therapeutic efficacy: (1) by reducing the DOSE of BCG per instillation 'low-DOSE' regimen, (2) by delaying the interval of the instillations 'slow-rate' regimen.
4198. Fifteen year follow up of trial of BCG vaccines in south India for tuberculosis prevention. Tuberculosis Research Centre (ICMR), Chennai.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two strains of BCG were used, the French and Danish, with a high DOSE (0.1 mg/0.1 ml) and a low DOSE (0.01 mg/0.1 ml) in each strain
- There were 560 cases (189, 191 and 180 from the high DOSE, low DOSE and placebo groups respectively) arising over 15 years, among 109,873 persons who were tuberculin negative and had a normal chest X-ray at intake
4199. Reappraisal of the Peruvian and Brazilian lower titer tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine efficacy trials: analysis by severity of diarrhea.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the Peruvian study one DOSE of vaccine yielded 64% (P = 0.04) protection against pure cases of rotavirus disease (i.e
- These data were compared with those from trials in Venezuela (4 x 10(5) pfu/DOSE), US (4 x 10(4) pfu/DOSE and 4 x 10(5) pfu/DOSE) and Finland (4 x 10(5) pfu/DOSE)
- Combining the Peruvian (one DOSE, pure cases) and Brazilian studies together, the levels of protection against 9- to 14-scored rotavirus diarrhea are comparable with those from the Venezuelan (47%) and American (57, 57 and 65%) efficacy trials
- Our reanalysis provides evidence that, at least against moderate/severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, RRV-TV, 4 x 10(4) pfu/DOSE is potentially as efficacious as RRV-TV, 4 x 10(5) pfu/DOSE, even in settings with very high rotavirus disease burden
- The reanalysis of the Peruvian data suggests that one and three vaccine DOSEs may yield similar efficacy rates
- These trials should use catchment designs and focus on the evaluation of the efficacy of one or three DOSEs of RRV-TV against moderate to severe/very severe rotavirus diarrhea.
4200. Validation and characterization of a human volunteer challenge model for cholera by using frozen bacteria of the new Vibrio cholerae epidemic serotype, O139.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Healthy volunteers (n = 25) were recruited for an Internal Review Board-approved inpatient DOSE-escalation challenge
- Our goal was to identify a DOSE at which the cholera attack rate and the geometric mean purge were sufficient for determining vaccine efficacy against moderate and severe disease
- At a DOSE of 10(5) CFU, 8 of 10 volunteers experienced purging and had a positive stool culture for V
- However, at this DOSE, the geometric mean stool volume of 2,175 g was insufficient by study criteria
- At a DOSE of 10(6) CFU, 14 of 15 volunteers experienced purging, with a geometric mean stool volume of 5,621 g
4201. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentered trial of the efficacy of a single dose of live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in preventing cholera following challenge with Vibrio cholerae O1 El tor inaba three months after vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Volunteers were randomized in a double-blind manner to receive, with buffer, a single oral DOSE of either CVD 103-HgR (2 x 10(8) to 8 x 10(8) CFU) or placebo (killed E
4202. Poultry vaccines: an analysis of the animal trials required for vaccine testing and the way to reduce or refine these tests.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The safety testing covers DOSE and overDOSE studies, and the influence on reproductive performances and immunological functions
4203. CHOP plus rituximab chemoimmunotherapy of indolent B-cell lymphoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This article reports on the first successful clinical trial combining a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab; Rituxan, IDEC Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, and Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, CA) with standard-DOSE combination chemotherapy (ie, cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone [CHOP]) in the treatment of patients with indolent B-cell lymphoma
4204. Immunogenicity of a recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A vaccine against Lyme disease in children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of 2 different DOSEs of lipoprotein OspA with aluminum adjuvant vaccine in healthy children 5 to 15 years of age in a double-blind, randomized study
- Serum samples, obtained before vaccination and 1 month after the second and third DOSEs, were analyzed for antiOspA antibody
- Both DOSEs were highly immunogenic, with the 30 microg DOSE eliciting higher antibody levels
4205. Reasons reported by Medicare beneficiaries for not receiving influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations--United States, 1996.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Annual influenza vaccination and one DOSE of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine can prevent complications from these infections among persons aged > or =65 years
4206. Protection of mice against P. aeruginosa infections by large-scale affinity-purified human IgG specific to P. aeruginosa outer membrane proteins.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In vivo protective efficacy of anti-Oprs IgG was evaluated by passive protection assays in mice where the 50% protective DOSE of anti-Oprs IgG against P
4207. A phase I trial of an HLA-A1 restricted MAGE-3 epitope peptide with incomplete Freund's adjuvant in patients with resected high-risk melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Eighteen patients with resected stages III and IV melanoma at high risk for relapse were vaccinated subcutaneously with increasing DOSEs of the MAGE-3 vaccine ranging from 100 to 2,000 micrograms per injection four times, each 4 weeks apart
- Five of 14 patients at DOSEs from 100 to 2,000 micrograms demonstrated an immune response to MAGE-3 by cytolysis of MAGE-3-specific target cells
- Release of gamma interferon by T cells from 8 patients at the 100, 1,000, or 2,000 micrograms DOSE was measured after vaccination, and only two of eight patients showed an increase indicating augmented antigen-specific immunity
4208. Evaluation of a truncated recombinant flagellin subunit vaccine against Campylobacter jejuni.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mice were immunized intranasally with two DOSEs of 3 to 50 microgram of MBP-FlaA, given 8 days apart, with or without 5 microgram of the mutant E
- The full range of MBP-FlaA DOSEs were effective in eliciting antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses, and these responses were enhanced by adjuvant use, except in the highest dosing group
- Stimulation of FlaA-specific intestinal secretory IgA (sIgA) responses required immunization with higher DOSEs of MBP-FlaA (>/=25 microgram) or coadministration of lower DOSEs with the adjuvant
- The protective efficacies of this DOSE against disease symptoms and intestinal colonization were 81.1 and 84%, respectively
4209. Efficacy of low dose intra-dermal hepatitis B vaccination schedule.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Efficacy of low-DOSE, intra-dermal hepatitis B vaccination was assessed among sixty-one doctors and paramedical staff of Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana
- The mean value of HBsAb titers checked 4 weeks after the last DOSE in group A were 158.6 +/- 51.8 mlU/ml and that in Group B were 68.2 +/- 26.6 mlU/ml (p < 0.0001; 95% C.I
4210. Squalene and squalane emulsions as adjuvants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Optionally a relatively nontoxic analog of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) or another immunomodulator can be added; however, the DOSE of MDP must be restricted to avoid systemic side effects in humans
4211. Public health considerations for the introduction of new rotavirus vaccines for infants: a case study of tetravalent rhesus rotavirus-based reassortant vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4212. A mouse model utilising human transferrin to study protection against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B induced by outer membrane vesicle vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4213. Protective immunity using recombinant human IL-12 and alum as adjuvants in a primate model of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Partial efficacy was seen with lower DOSEs of rhIL-12 and in groups lacking either adjuvant
- Thus, a single DOSE vaccine with killed Ag using rhIL-12 and alum as adjuvants was safe and fully effective in this primate model of cutaneous leishmaniasis
4214. Active immunity and T-cell populations in pigs intraperitoneally inoculated with baculovirus-expressed transmissible gastroenteritis virus structural proteins.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The high titers of serum IgG- and virus-neutralizing-antibodies to TGEV in group 3 pigs most likely reflected the DOSE of TGEV S-protein administered
4215. Duration of immunity, efficacy and safety in sheep of a recombinant Taenia ovis vaccine formulated with saponin or selected adjuvants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The optimum DOSE for this batch of saponin was 10 mg, which stimulated a peak antibody titre of 38,400, 4 weeks after immunisation and did not cause injection site reactions
- Dialysed saponin was shown to retain its adjuvant properties and allowed an increase in DOSE to 30 mg without site reaction, resulting in a peak antibody titre of 51,200.
4216. Potential of polymeric lamellar substrate particles (PLSP) as adjuvants for vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These microparticles allow the controlled release of vaccines with an aim to reduce the number of DOSEs for primary immunisation or to develop single DOSE vaccines
4217. Phase I trial of a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding carcinoembryonic antigen in metastatic adenocarcinoma: comparison of intradermal versus subcutaneous administration.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- jet administration of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-encoding recombinant vaccinia virus (rV-CEA) over a limited DOSE range and (b) to evaluate CEA-specific immune responses or antitumor effects induced by rV-CEA vaccination
- All 20 patients received two DOSEs of 10(7) or 10(8) pfu of rV-CEA at a 4-week interval
- We recommend use of 10(8) pfu DOSEs for subsequent trials of recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines based upon the favorable toxicity profile and more consistent local pustule formation indicative of an adequate inoculation of live virus
4218. Cryptosporidium parvum apical complex glycoprotein CSL contains a sporozoite ligand for intestinal epithelial cells.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Isolated native CSL bound specifically and with high affinity to permissive human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells in a DOSE-dependent, saturable, and self-displaceable manner
4219. Infant vaccinations and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the USA.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among matched pairs, similar proportions of cases and controls had received at least one DOSE of oral poliovirus (98%), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (97%), and measles-mumps-rubella (90%) vaccines
4220. [The efficacy of using low doses of immunomodulators for treating experimental tumors].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The data about the ability of various substances to cause definite reactions in biological objects are adduced, and, in particular, about the efficacy of a small DOSEs of antitumoral chemopreparations in experiment
- The results of investigation of the application efficacy of various DOSEs of immunomodulating agents, such as arbisol, nucleoplat, the substrate from gram-negative bacteria Yersinia enterocolitica, antitumoral vaccine from the tumoral cells are presented for the cancer chemotherapy
- While application of super-small DOSEs of an antitumoral vaccine there was noted statistically significant inhibition of tumoral growth.
4221. Production of recombinant subunit vaccines: protein immunogens, live delivery systems and nucleic acid vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Recombinant techniques are now dominating in the strive for an ideal vaccine, being safe and cheap, heat-stable and easy to administer, preferably single-DOSE, and capable of inducing broad immune response with life-long memory both in adults and in infants
4222. Immunisation of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: the current state of play.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Individuals on immunosuppressive agents and/or high DOSE steroid (more than 20 mg/d) should not receive live vaccines, as stated in guidelines proposed by the British Society of Rheumatology
4223. [The determination of susceptibility to measles, rubella, mumps and chickenpox in students of health-related areas].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among those who received one DOSE of measles vaccine we found 12.1% non immune
4224. Immune correlates of protection against anthrax
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 1998) giving protection in 100% of animals exposed to the highest challenge DOSE of the Ames strain of B
- anthracis that can be administered practically (retained lung DOSEs of approximately 106 spores)
4225. In vitro correlate of immunity in an animal model of inhalational anthrax
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Groups of New Zealand white rabbits, 10 or 20 per group, were immunized intramuscularly (two DOSEs, 4 weeks apart) with varying DOSEs of AVA, ranging from a human DOSE to 1:256 dilution in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)
- Each rabbit was bled 2 weeks after the second DOSE, and antibody levels to PA measured by both the quantitative anti-PA IgG ELISA and the toxin-neutralizing antibody (TNA) assay
- Rabbits were aerosol-challenged 10 weeks from day 0 with a lethal DOSE of Ames spores
4226. Safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of NYVAC-JEV and ALVAC-JEV recombinant Japanese encephalitis vaccines in rhesus monkeys.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- On day 273, all monkeys were given a booster DOSE
- Two months after the booster DOSE, all monkeys were challenged intranasally with one 90% effective DOSE of JE virus
4227. An intranasal challenge model for testing Japanese encephalitis vaccines in rhesus monkeys.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine the effective DOSE of our JE challenge virus, dilutions of a stock JEV (KE-93 isolate) were inoculated into four groups of three rhesus monkeys
- A DOSE-dependent response was observed and the 50% effective DOSE (ED50) was determined to be 6.0 x 10(7) plaque forming units (pfu)
- One ED90 of virus (2.0 x 10(9) pfu) was used as a challenge DOSE
- This study demonstrates that the virus strain, route of inoculation, DOSE, and the outcome measure (encephalitis) are suitable for assessment of protective efficacy of candidate JE vaccines.
4228. Tetravalent rotavirus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This vaccine is well tolerated; the most common adverse effect is fever after the first DOSE
4229. Immunity obtained by gene-gun inoculation of a rotavirus DNA vaccine to the abdominal epidermis or anorectal epithelium.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The protection obtained by immunization of the anorectal epithelium was greater than that for epidermal immunization at the same vaccine DOSE
4230. Oral immunisation of mice with live Japanese encephalitis virus induces a protective immune response.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Moreover, the orally immunised mice showed 76.7% protection with MBDI and 70% with CCDI against intracerebral challenge with a lethal DOSE of JEV
4231. Dose-dependent effects of IL-12 treatment to immune response induced after immunization with a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein fragment.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Low DOSEs of IL-12 (10 ng) reduced IL-4 and IL-5 secretion (but did not affect IL-10 production) and decreased inflammatory signs whereas high DOSEs of IL-12 had no effects
- These results suggest that IL-12 treatment attenuates Th2 response and Th2 associated pulmonary inflammatory response in a DOSE-dependent manner, without improving protective efficacy.
4232. Hepatitis B vaccination in infancy in The Gambia: protection against carriage at 9 years of age.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The results show that infant vaccination provides a high level of protection at the age of nine years against both HBV infection and chronic carrier status and no booster DOSE of vaccine is required in the first decade
4233. Formulation strategies for the stabilization of tetanus toxoid in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The development of a single-DOSE tetanus vaccine based on Poly(Lactic acid) (PLA) or Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres has been complicated due to the instability of tetanus toxoid (TT) inside these systems
4234. Double-blind placebo-controlled evaluation of sublingual-swallow immunotherapy with standardized Parietaria judaica extract in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This study was carried out to assess the clinical efficacy and safety profile of sublingual-swallow immunotherapy with high-DOSE allergen in children with allergies
- The cumulative DOSE of allergen was 375 times higher than that used in parenteral immunotherapy and the cumulative DOSE of Par j 1 major allergen was 52.5 mg over 2 years
- A significant decrease in skin reactivity (P =.002 after 2 years of treatment) and an increase in the threshold DOSE for conjunctival allergen provocation test (P =.02) were observed in the active treatment group compared with the group receiving placebo
4235. Increased protections during a measles outbreak of children previously vaccinated with a second dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In 1989 a second DOSE of measles vaccine was recommended for US children to prevent school outbreaks of measles
- Coverage of school age children with a second DOSE remains incomplete, and data on the effectiveness of this recommendation are limited
- We investigated a measles outbreak in Mesa County, CO, in December, 1994, and evaluated the efficacy of preoutbreak immunizations at an elementary school (School A) where many students had received two DOSEs
- The effectiveness of one and two DOSEs of measles vaccine was estimated using logistic regression
- At School A the attack rate in unvaccinated children (7 of 16, 44%) was higher than in those with 1 DOSE (10 of 320, 3%) or 2 DOSEs (0 of 289, 0%)
- Estimated vaccine effectiveness was 92% for 1 DOSE and 100% for 2 DOSEs
- Two DOSEs were better than one DOSE in decreasing the likelihood of acquiring measles (P = 0.003)
- The lower attack rate among two DOSE recipients provides evidence that a two DOSE strategy can help prevent measles in schools
- Administering the second DOSE at elementary school entry can help prevent the persistence of susceptible cohorts of children and is likely to be important in sustaining elimination of indigenous transmission of measles in the United States.
4236. Efficacy of live, attenuated, human rotavirus vaccine 89-12 in infants: a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 215 healthy infants were enrolled, of whom 213 were given two DOSEs of 89-12 (containing 1x10(5) plaque-forming units) or placebo, and 213 were followed up through one rotavirus season
- The frequency of side-effects was compared for 7 days after each DOSE of vaccine
- Low-grade fever (> or = 38.1 degrees C) after the first DOSE was the only side-effect significantly more common in the vaccine group than in the placebo group (21 [19%] vs 5 [5%], p=0.001)
4237. Immunization with meningococcal outer-membrane protein vesicles containing lipooligosaccharide protects mice against lethal experimental group B Neisseria meningitidis infection and septic shock.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Eight weeks after 3 consecutive immunizations with the immunogens, mice were challenged with a lethal DOSE of purified endotoxin or heat-killed or living N
4238. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in Saudi children 8 years after a mass hepatitis B vaccination programme.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After 8 years of receiving the third vaccine DOSE, close to 65% of the children had an anti-HBs titre of more than 10 IU/l compared with about 28% who had an anti-HBs titre of more than 100 IU/l after the same period
4239. [Immunization in Lyme borreliosis--initial experience].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During the second year of the study, after the third DOSE of the vaccine, sixteen vaccinated people contracted the disease vs
4240. Do we need 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These phenomena suggest individuals may be immune to infection six months after the priming vaccine DOSE(s) regardless of whether they receive a booster or not
4241. Intranasal immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines protects mice against invasive pneumococcal infections.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- challenge with a lethal DOSE of serotype 1 pneumococci, and protection correlated significantly with the serum IgG titers
4242. Factors associated with hepatitis B vaccination among men having sexual relations with men in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Omega Study Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Forty-six percent of 653 participants had received at least one DOSE of HBV vaccination, whereas 28% were completely vaccinated
4243. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a gE, gG and US2 gene-deleted bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three different DOSEs of the vaccine were administered intramuscularly at 10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) PFU/ml and compared to a commercial vaccine and non vaccinated control calves
- With both radioimmunoprecipitation and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (C-ELISA), calves in the gene-deleted vaccine groups mounted comparable specific responses against gB, gC and gD post vaccination as calves in the commercial vaccine group, but in a DOSE dependent manner
4244. Evaluation of the SPf66 vaccine for malaria control when delivered through the EPI scheme in Tanzania.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The primary objective of the trial was to estimate the efficacy of three DOSEs of SPf66 given at 1, 2 and 7 months of age in preventing clinical episodes of malaria
- Among 1207 randomized children, overall compliance for third DOSE was 91%
4245. An outbreak of mumps among young adults in Vancouver, British Columbia, associated with 'rave' parties.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Many persons aged 17-40 may remain susceptible to mumps; in BC these persons are eligible for one DOSE of MMR and should be encouraged to be vaccinated.
4246. Twice vaccinated recipients are better protected against epidemic measles than are single dose recipients of measles containing vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Twice vaccinated have better protection against epidemic measles compared with single DOSE recipients.
4247. Immunotherapy of mice with an irradiated melanoma vaccine coupled with interleukin-12.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Optimal results against primary tumor growth were observed when IMV therapy was coupled with IL-12 at a DOSE of 50 ng/day
- Combination of IMV with IL-12 at a DOSE of 100 ng/day significantly reduced melanoma metastasis to the lungs compared with control mice, and an improvement in mean survival time was observed in mice treated with a combination of IMV with IL-12 (300 ng/day).
4248. [Vaccination of chickenpox in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 71 children diagnosed of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia from 1983 to 1996, 25 received the vaccine and seroconversion was obtained in 76% after one DOSE and 92% after the second DOSE
4249. Liposomes as cytokine-supplement in tumor cell-based vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Subcutaneous vaccination of C57bl/6 mice with irradiated B16 melanoma cells supplemented with liposomal interleukin-2 (IL2) or murine interferon-gamma (mIFNgamma), resulted in systemic protection in 50% of the animals, against a subsequent tumor cell challenge in a DOSE dependent manner
4250. Hepatitis B maternal screening, infant vaccination, and infant prophylaxis practices in North Carolina.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Eighty-six percent of infants received DOSE 1 of the hepatitis B vaccine
4251. Assessing immunization performance of private practitioners in Maine: impact of the assessment, feedback, incentives, and exchange strategy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The median up-to-date vaccination coverages among all providers for 3 DOSEs of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and 2 DOSEs of oral polio vaccine, and 4 DOSEs of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, 3 DOSEs of oral polio vaccine, and 1 DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine at age 12 and 24 months were 90% and 78%, respectively, and did not vary by number of providers in a practice or by specialty
- The median up-to-date coverage for 4 DOSEs of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, 3 DOSEs of oral polio vaccine, and 1 DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine at 24 months of age improved significantly among those practices assessed 1 year later (from 78% at baseline to 87% at the second assessment)
4252. Evaluation of a whole cell, p57- vaccine against Renibacterium salmoninarum.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- challenge DOSE resulted in complete mortality of all fish by Day 43
4253. A review of the economics of the prevention and control of rabies. Part 1: Global impact and rabies in humans.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Given the expense of controlling rabies in dogs and wildlife, there is an urgent need to develop a cheaper human-rabies vaccine or further refine the 'low-DOSE' PEP regimes
4254. Early two-dose measles vaccination schedule in Guinea-Bissau: good protection and coverage in infancy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Previous studies from Africa have suggested that there is little benefit to be gained from early two-DOSE measles vaccination schedules
- Two-DOSE schedules have been associated with no improvement in coverage due to immunization of the same individuals on both occasions, low return rate, high refusal rate, low vaccine efficacy, and fear of blunting of the antibody response
- Because of the poor results achieved previously with two-DOSE measles vaccination schedules, we studied patterns of participation, reasons for non-participation, vaccination coverage and relative efficacy of a one-DOSE versus a two-DOSE schedule in connection with the implementation of an early two-DOSE trial in Guinea-Bissau
- Children born from September 1994 to January 1996 were randomized into two groups receiving either two DOSEs of measles vaccine at 6 and 9 months or one DOSE of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) at 6 months and measles vaccine at 9 months
- The return rate for obtaining a second DOSE of vaccine was 93% (1647/1773)
- When only children participating the first time they were called for a measles vaccination were included, the measles vaccination coverage in the one-DOSE group was 59% versus 80% in the two-DOSE group, i.e
- Few measles cases have occurred in the study area since the implementation of the trial making precise estimation of the relative efficacy of the two vaccine strategies difficult, but all seven clinically diagnosed measles cases occurred in the one-DOSE group making the relative efficacy for the two-DOSE group compared with the one-DOSE group 100% (95% CI: 35%-100%; two-tailed P = 0.016)
- In this study of a two-DOSE measles immunization schedule at 6 and 9 months of age there was no sign of low participation or poor return rates
- The risk of not being vaccinated was lower in the two-DOSE group than in the one-DOSE group, and the relative efficacy of a two-DOSE versus a one-DOSE schedule was high
- Although our results were obtained within a trial where dedicated personnel informed every participant personally about the study, we believe our results indicate that with thorough information about the population it may be possible to achieve a higher coverage with a two-DOSE measles vaccination schedule than a one-DOSE schedule
- A two-DOSE schedule may be a feasible way to resolve the problems of low coverage and severe measles infection among infants.
4255. Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of tumor RNA-pulsed dendritic cells after genetic modification with lymphotactin.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When the immunizing DOSE was decreased to 4 X 10(4) cells, Lptn-DC-based tumor vaccines rather than their counterparts were still significantly effective
4256. Viral hepatitis and pregnancy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics that newborns of HBsAg positive mothers should receive hepatitis B immunoglobulins within 12 hours after birth concurrently with the first paediatric DOSE of the vaccine
4257. Immunogenicity, genetic stability, and protective efficacy of a recombinant, chimeric yellow fever-Japanese encephalitis virus (ChimeriVax-JE) as a live, attenuated vaccine candidate against Japanese encephalitis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The virus grew to high titers in cell cultures and was not neurovirulent for 3- to 4-week-old mice at DOSEs =6 log10 plaque forming units (pfu) inoculated by the intracerebral (IC) route
- Mice inoculated subcutaneously with one DOSE of >/=10(3) pfu of ChimeriVax-JE virus were solidly protected against intraperitoneal challenge with a virulent JE virus
4258. Randomised vaccine trial of single dose of killed Leishmania major plus BCG against anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bam, Iran.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A vaccine consisting of a single DOSE of whole-cell autoclave-killed Leishmania major (ALM) mixed with BCG was assessed in comparison with BCG alone against anthroponotic (human to human transmission) cutaneous leishmaniasis in a randomised double-blind trial in Bam, Iran
- A single DOSE of ALM + BCG was safe and more immunogenic than BCG alone, as measured by leishmanin skin test
4259. Hepatitis B vaccination in high-risk infants: 10-year follow-up.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Maternal hepatitis B e antigen positivity but not hepatitis B immunoglobulin DOSE or gender predicted greater antibody persistence to age 10 years
4260. Immunogenicity of 2 serogroup B outer-membrane protein meningococcal vaccines: a randomized controlled trial in Chile.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Participants received 3 DOSEs of outer-membrane protein (OMP) meningococcal vaccine developed in either Cuba or Norway or a control vaccine, with each DOSE given 2 months apart
- Blood samples were obtained at baseline, prior to DOSE 3, and at 4 to 6 weeks after DOSE 3
- Immune response, defined as a 4-fold or greater rise in SBA titer 4 to 6 weeks after DOSE 3 compared with prevaccination titer
- After 3 DOSEs of vaccine, 31% to 35% of children responded to the vaccine vs 5% to placebo; 37% to 60% of adults responded to vaccine vs 4% to placebo (P<.05 vs control for all)
4261. Efficacy and stability of a subunit vaccine based on glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Several vaccination-challenge experiments were performed to determine the DOSE that protects 95% of the vaccinated pigs (PD95), and to determine the stability and efficacy of the vaccine several months after production
- A single vaccination with a vaccine DOSE of 32 microg E2 - the estimated PD95 - in a water-oil-water adjuvant prevented clinical signs and mortality due to a CSFV challenge-inoculation three weeks after vaccination
- Moreover, virus transmission to susceptible sentinel pigs was prevented in nearly all groups of pigs vaccinated with this DOSE
4262. Post mass-immunization measles outbreak in Taoyuan County, Taiwan: dynamics of transmission, vaccine effectiveness, and herd immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among 24 confirmed cases with a vaccination record, 7 had one DOSE of vaccination, 4 had two DOSEs of vaccination, and 13 (54%) were unvaccinated
- A measles vaccination coverage of 82% with the first DOSE at 9 months of age and 63% with the second DOSE (measles, mumps, and rubella) at 15 months was inadequate to block measles virus circulation in Taoyuan City in 1994
4263. Immunization with recombinant transferrin binding protein B enhances clearance of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae from the rat lung.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- There was a significant reduction in the number of viable bacteria in both the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (34% for the 20-microgram DOSE and 58% for the 40-microgram DOSE) and lung homogenates (26% for the 20-microgram DOSE and 60% for the 40-microgram DOSE) of rats immunized with rTbpB compared to the control animals
4264. Safety and efficacy of two live Pasteurella multocida aro-A mutant vaccines in chickens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE protection studies indicated that at least 10(6) colony-forming units (CFU) of PMP1 and 10(8) CFU of PMP3 were required to provide complete protection against challenge in all birds
- Although high DOSEs of 10(9) CFU of the vaccine strains produced some endotoxinlike reactions, lower but protective DOSE levels produced no clinical sign or lesion in any chicken
4265. Efficacy of two dose measles vaccination in a community setting.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To compare the efficacy of two DOSE and single DOSE measles vaccination in a community setting
- Only the children in Group A were given a second DOSE of measles (as MMR) in April 1995; six months after the first DOSE
- This study supports the superiority of two DOSE measles vaccination given at an interval of 6 months over a single DOSE measles in a community setting.
4266. Mothers and vaccination: knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour in Italy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Almost all children (94.4%) were vaccinated with all three DOSEs of diphtheria-tetanus (DT), oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), and hepatitis B
- The proportion of children vaccinated who received all three DOSEs of OPV, DT or diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), and hepatitis B vaccines within 1 month of becoming age-eligible ranged from 56.6% for the third DOSE of hepatitis B to 95.7% for the first DOSE of OPV
- The coverage for the optional vaccines was only 22.5% and 31% for measles-mumps-rubella and for all three DOSEs against pertussis, respectively
4267. Effects of acetylic salicylic acid and pentoxifylline on the efficacy of intravesical BCG therapy in orthotopic murine bladder cancer (MB49).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- ASA and POF in DOSEs of 200 mg./kg
- Autoclaved BCG served as control for the importance of viability and was given at the same DOSE as viable BCG
4268. Plasmid DNA malaria vaccine: the potential for genomic integration after intramuscular injection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4269. An IgG1 titre to the F1 and V antigens correlates with protection against plague in the mouse model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The optimum molar ratio of the subunits was determined by keeping the DOSE-level of either subunit constant whilst varying the other and observing the effect on specific antibody titre
- The DOSE of vaccine required to protect against an upper and lower subcutaneous challenge with Y
- pestis was determined by administering DOSEs in the range 10 micrograms F1 + 10 micrograms V to 0.01 microgram F1 + 0.01 microgram V in a two-DOSE regimen
- For animals immunized at the 1-microgram DOSE level or higher with F1 + V, an increase in specific IgG1 titre was observed over the 8 months post-boost and they were fully protected against a subcutaneous challenge with 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) virulent Y
4270. Responses of cattle to two dosages of Brucella abortus strain RB51: serology, clearance and efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4271. Wild poliovirus circulation among healthy children immunized with oral polio vaccine in Antananarivo, Madagascar.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The children had been routinely immunized according to the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) schedule and received the last DOSE of oral polio vaccine (OPV) more than 1 month before stool collection
- 99.4% of the children were immunized with at least 3 DOSEs of OPV
- Our findings demonstrate that immunization with 3 DOSEs of OPV did not prevent intestinal carriage of wild poliovirus strains, and that there is a risk of wild poliovirus transmission to susceptible children in the area
4272. Possible factors affecting response to intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (Tokyo 172 strain) therapy for carcinoma in situ of the bladder: a multivariate analysis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- On the other hand, gender, irritative bladder symptoms, type of extent of CIS, histological grade of CIS, BCG DOSE, and number of times BCG was given did not exert any significant influence
4273. A novel influenza subunit vaccine composed of liposome-encapsulated haemagglutinin/neuraminidase and IL-2 or GM-CSF. I. Vaccine characterization and efficacy studies in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- (5) A 100% seroconversion (HI titer > or = 40) was achieved with only 10-25% of the routinely used antigen DOSE, by encapsulating either antigen or cytokine
4274. Evaluation of a new recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine (Shanvac-B).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Forty-three (53%) seroconverted at one month after DOSE 1; of these, 26% were seroprotected (anti-HBs> 10 mIU/mL)
- Seroprotection at one month after DOSEs 2 and 3 was 99% and 100%, respectively
- One subject developed urticarial rash after the second DOSE; there was no other adverse event
- We conclude that this vaccine is safe and efficacious, providing significant protection even after two DOSEs.
4275. Immunization of dogs and cats with a DNA vaccine against rabies virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In dogs, administration of 100 microg DNA DOSEs by the i.m
- vaccination of cats with a similar DOSE was less effective in terms of mean titer and seroconversion frequency
4276. Rabies--risk of exposure and current trends in prevention of human cases.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three DOSE-saving treatment schedules have been developed: The reduced DOSE intramuscular 2-1-1 regimen, the two-site intradermal and the 8-site intradermal regimen
4277. [A seroconversion study of the measles component of the MMR vaccine in adolescents of the town of Sabrosa].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The Portuguese national programme of vaccination has instituted a two-DOSE MMR vaccine schedule
- The second DOSE of MMR (measles-mumps-rubella combined vaccine) is given at 11-13 years of age, for both sexes
- This study was conducted to evaluate the duration of immunity of the monovalent measles vaccine, and the efficacy of a second DOSE given as MMR
- For measles, results support the use of a two-DOSE MMR vaccine schedule in Portugal.
4278. Randomised study of the possible adjuvant effect of BCG vaccine on the immunogenicity of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine in Senegalese infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Antibodies to acellular pertussis components were measured in serum samples obtained within 2 days of the first DTaP DOSE and 1 month after the third DOSE
4279. Physiological effects and adjuvanticity of recombinant brushtail possum TNF-alpha.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The physiological effect of the recombinant possum TNF-alpha was investigated in groups of possums administered DOSEs of 6, 30 or 150 micrograms of cytokine
- For each DOSE, TNF-alpha caused profound effects on the numbers of circulating leucocytes characterized by a three-to-four-fold increase in neutrophil numbers at 6-24 h after injection and an initial sharp decrease in lymphocyte numbers
4280. Resolution of experimental and tick-borne Borrelia burgdorferi infection in mice by passive, but not active immunization using recombinant OspC.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We show here that repeated passive transfer of mouse and/or rabbit immune sera to recombinant GST-OspC fusion protein resulted in a DOSE-dependent resolution (1) of fully established arthritis and carditis as well as infection in needle-challenged C.B-17 SCID and (2) of infection in both experimentally and tick-infected BALB/c mice
4281. Measles: effect of a two-dose vaccination programme in Catalonia, Spain.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4282. Efficacy of SAG-2 oral rabies vaccine in two species of jackal (Canis adustus and Canis mesomelas).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The first trial tested the efficacy of SAG-2 when given by direct oral administration at DOSEs of 6.5 and 7.5 log10 median tissue culture infectious DOSEs (TCID50)
- One side-striped jackal which had received the higher DOSE did not seroconvert and succumbed to challenge, while all other jackals seroconverted and resisted a lethal challenge
4283. Rapid and sensitive detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies against canine distemper virus by a new recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Alpha values of >/=50% showed very good inter-rater agreement (kappa = 0.968) with V-NA titers of >/=1/100 50% neutralizing DOSE (ND50) as measured against the central European CDV wild-type isolate 2544/Han95 in canine sera originating from northern Germany
4284. A randomised, double-blind, controlled trial of a killed L. major vaccine plus BCG against zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of ALM + BCG is not sufficiently immunogenic to provide a measurable response when compared to BCG alone
- A single DOSE of this vaccine has been shown to be safe with no evidence of an exacerbating response following natural infection; hence, multiple DOSEs or other adjuvants should be considered to increase its immunogenicity.
4285. Priming effect, immunogenicity and safety of an Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate (PRP-T) and diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) combination vaccine administered to infants in Belgium and Turkey.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children of both short-schedule groups (Co-S and As-S) received, at the age of 12-14 months, a booster DOSE of DTaP vaccine associated with unconjugated PRP vaccine
4286. Varicella vaccination of health-care workers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The objective of this open study was to evaluate the response of non-immune health-care workers to two DOSEs of live attenuated varicella vaccine given two months apart
- One hundred subjects (58 females; aged 17-49 yr, mean 22.8 yr) received two DOSEs of varicella vaccine
- Blood samples for antibody estimation were taken before vaccination, 2 months after the first DOSE and 6 weeks after the second DOSE
- Ninety-four of 99 vaccinees (94.9%, 95% CL 88.6, 98.3) had detectable antibodies after the first DOSE [titers 4-1024, geometric mean titer (GMT): 53.2 (95% CL 42.4, 66.8)]
- After the second DOSE, all vaccinees had antibodies (100%, 95% CL 96.6, 100.0) [titers 32-2048, GMT: 235.6 (95% CL 199.0, 278.8)]
- Mild reactions limited to the injection site occurred in 1 in 4 subjects after each DOSE
- Vesicular rashes occurred in one subject after the 1st DOSE and in 3 subjects after the 2nd DOSE, 1 subject was febrile (38.2 degrees C) after the 1st DOSE
4287. Antibody response of kori bustards (Ardeotis kori) and houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata) to live and inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Kori bustards, to which a DOSE of 0.5 ml of a commercially available inactivated vaccine for poultry had been administered intramuscularly (0.15 ml/kg body weight), failed to develop hemagglutinating antibodies, but antibody titers of low intensity and duration were detected following administration of a second and third subcutaneous DOSE of 2.0 ml vaccine per bird (0.40-0.45 ml/kg)
- Houbara bustards, previously vaccinated with inactivated vaccine, that were given a booster DOSE of inactivated vaccine maintained high mean antibody titers (> or = log, 5) for 52 wk
- Juvenile bustards should receive a second DOSE of inactivated vaccine 4-6 mo after the first DOSE of inactivated vaccine
4288. Human plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine: Kenyan experience.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti HBs) checked one month after the third DOSE of the vaccine
4289. Mumps and mumps vaccine: a global review.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Where mumps is targeted for elimination, countries need to add a second DOSE of mumps vaccine for children, keeping in mind that the disease may still occur in susceptible adults.
4290. Systemic administration of interleukin 2 enhances the therapeutic efficacy of dendritic cell-based tumor vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In three separate approaches using a weakly immunogenic sarcoma (MCA-207), the systemic administration of nontoxic DOSEs of recombinant IL-2 (20,000 and 40,000 IU/DOSE) was capable of mediating significant increases in the potency of DC-based immunizations
- Collectively, these findings show that nontoxic DOSEs of recombinant IL-2 can potentiate the antitumor effects of tumor lysate-pulsed DC in vivo and provide preclinical rationale for the use of IL-2 in DC-based vaccine strategies in patients with advanced cancer.
4291. Regional differences in infant immunization against hepatitis B: did intervention work?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- While 94% of physicians in both counties indicated their willingness to provide the second and third DOSEs of the hepatitis B vaccine if the first DOSE had been administered in the newborn nursery, 64% of SF in contrast to 30% of SAC physicians reported routine nursery administration of the vaccine (P < 0.0001)
- Primary care physician adoption of universal hepatitis B infant immunization and routine nursery administration of the first DOSE of the vaccine were both greater in San Francisco than in Sacramento, suggesting impact of a community intervention to increase hepatitis B immunization rates.
4292. Cluster survey evaluation of coverage and risk factors for failure to be immunized during the 1995 National Immunization Days in Egypt.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In 1995, Egypt continued to experience endemic wild poliovirus transmission despite achieving high routine immunization coverage with at least three DOSEs of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV3) and implementing National Immunization Days (NIDs) annually for several years
- Nationwide, 74% of children are estimated to have received both NID DOSEs, 17% one NID DOSE, and 9% neither NID DOSE
- Previously unimmunized (47%) or partially immunized (64%) children were less likely to receive two NID DOSEs of OPV than were fully immunized children (76%) (P < 0.001)
4293. Human leukocyte antigens influence the immune response to a pre-S/S hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We investigate the influence of vaccine DOSE (5, 10, 20 and 40 micrograms/ml), number of previous 'S' containing vaccinations and the individuals HLA genotype on both B- and T-cell responses
- This anti-HBs antibody response was DOSE dependent
- The group that received 5 micrograms/ml of Hepagene vaccine produced significantly less anti-HBs antibody than those receiving 10, 20 and 40 micrograms/ml DOSEs (p < 0.05 in all cases)
- The T-cell responses to Hepagene were exclusive of the DOSE and magnitude of anti-HBs antibody responses
4294. Human immune response to a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Significant increases in OMP-specific antibody were observed in both route groups after vaccinations but was higher in the i.m.-immunized group, where vaccination with 0.5 or 1.0 mg DOSEs yielded 100% seroconversion
- aeruginosa OMP vaccine is safe and effective in humans with an optimal DOSE of 0.5 and 1.0 mg and that i.m
4295. IFN-alpha 2B enhances Th1 cytokine responses in bladder cancer patients receiving Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In clinical practice, intravesical IFN-alpha 2B (50 million units (MU)/DOSE) was observed to accelerate urinary IFN-gamma production to low-DOSE BCG (one-tenth or one-third of a full DOSE) in patients treated with combination therapy compared with BCG alone
4296. Increased long term mortality associated with rash after early measles vaccination in rural Senegal.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- High titer recipients without a rash had the same mortality as children in the placebo group who were given standard DOSEs of measles vaccine at 10 months of age [mortality rate, 0.76 (range, 0.35 to 1.62)]
- These observations suggest that in this particular study, rash after high titer measles vaccine may identify children who received a particularly high DOSE of vaccine or children with more severe and persistent postvaccination immunosuppression
4297. Risk of diphtheria among schoolchildren in the Russian Federation in relation to time since last vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In 1994, because disease rates were high among children aged 7-10 years, the age of administration of the second booster DOSE of diphtheria vaccine was lowered from 9 years to 6 years, the age of school entry
- All but one case and all controls had received at least three DOSEs of diphtheria-toxoid vaccine
- 19 (33%) cases and 144 (47%) controls had received a booster DOSE of diphtheria toxoid within the previous 2 years
- Cases were more likely than were controls to have received only four DOSEs rather than five (odds ratio 2.8 [95% CI 1.2-6.5]) and to have a time since the last DOSE of diphtheria toxoid of 3-4 years (3.1 [1.1-9.1]) or 5-7 years (15.0 [2.5-89.0]), compared with children for whom it was 2 years or less
- On multivariate analysis only a time since the last DOSE of 5-7 years remained significantly associated with disease (matched odds ratio adjusted for total number of DOSEs 10.9 [1.6-75.1])
- A booster DOSE of diphtheria-toxoid vaccine given to children in the Russian Federation at 6-8 years of age reduced the interval since the last DOSE of diphtheria toxoid and improved protection against diphtheria.
4298. Anti-tumor activity of interleukin-2-producing tumor cells and recombinant interleukin 12 against mouse glioma cells located in the central nervous system.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the present study, regression of brain tumors established in naive mice was obtained by combined administration of an intratumoral injection of a single DOSE of IL-2-producing glioma cells (SR/IL-2 cells) and recombinant IL-12
4299. Hepatitis B vaccination of premature infants: a reassessment of current recommendations for delayed immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Serum obtained at birth and after the second and third DOSEs of vaccine was tested for antibody to HBSAg
- Postsecond DOSE sera were available for 117 infants and postthird DOSE sera were available for 112 infants
- The seroprotection rate (attaining >/=10 mIU/mL HBS antibody) after two DOSEs was low (25%) regardless of birth weight; infants weighing <1000 g at birth had the poorest response (11%)
- The seroprotection response rate after three DOSEs of vaccine increased with birth weight; infants weighing =1500 g at birth (groups 1 and 2) had lower rates of response (52% and 68%, respectively) than did infants weighing >1500 g at birth (group 3; 84% response rate)
- The seroprotection response rate of group 3 infants after three DOSEs of vaccine, although low, could not be differentiated from the response rates reported for full-term infants using 95% confidence intervals
- Of all infants who did not achieve protective levels of antibody after three DOSEs of vaccine, 96% (26/27) weighed <1700 g at birth
- The geometric mean HBS antibody levels in responders were 88 and 386 mIU/mL after two and three DOSEs, respectively
- Of 36 children with a birth weight >1500 g, 33 (91%) achieved levels of HBS antibody >100 mIU/mL after three DOSEs of vaccine, compared with 25/35 (71%) of infants with birth weight <1500 g
- Of interest, the only infant with a birth weight of >1700 g who did not make protective levels of specific antibody after three DOSEs of vaccine was 2300 g at birth, but had inadequate weight gain in the first 6 months of life
4300. Induction of tumor antigen-specific immunity in vivo by a novel vaccinia vector encoding safety-modified simian virus 40 T antigen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunization of mice with a single DOSE of vac-mTag resulted in potent protection against subsequent challenge with a lethal mouse cancer expressing SV40 Tag
- In addition, single-DOSE vac-mTag immunization coadministered with interleukin 2 produced a possible therapeutic effect against a preadministered microscopic (but lethal) burden of Tag-expressing tumor cells in vivo
4301. [Comparative study of the efficacy of two types of BCG vaccines administered in different doses].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In 1993, WHO and UNICEF recommended the administration of 0.05 ml DOSEs of BCG, instead of 0.1 ml, to newborns
- To assess the efficacy of BCG vaccination in a double blind randomized fashion, using two vaccine types and different DOSEs
- Newborns of two public hospitals of Santiago were randomly assigned to receive the Tokio or Mérieux BCG strains in DOSEs of 0.05 or 0.1 ml
- The percentage of children with a PPD reaction of 0 mm was 9.3, 3.7, 7.8 and 0% with the Mérieux vaccine in DOSEs of 0.1 ml, Tokio vaccines in DOSEs of 0.1 ml, Mérieux vaccine in DOSEs of 0.05 ml and Tokio vaccine in DOSEs of 0.05 ml, respectively
- The observed differences for each group are significant, depending on the type of strain and DOSE, but favoring the Tokio type of vaccine
- Therefore the use of 0.1 DOSEs for vaccination, that result in better scars and PPD response, is recommended.
4302. An economic analysis of different strategies of immunization against hepatitis A virus in developed countries.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Sensitivity analysis showed that if the cost of the two-DOSE vaccine could be reduced to less than $57, the strategy of universal vaccination would be the preferred immunization strategy
4303. High avidity CTLs for two self-antigens demonstrate superior in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4304. Serum antitoxin antibodies mediate systemic and mucosal protection from Clostridium difficile disease in hamsters.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Passive transfer of mouse antitoxin antibodies protected hamsters in a DOSE-dependent manner, demonstrating the principal role of circulating antitoxin antibodies in immunity from this toxin-mediated mucosal disease
4305. Vaccination against anthrax with attenuated recombinant strains of Bacillus anthracis that produce protective antigen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The protective efficacy of several live, recombinant anthrax vaccines given in a single-DOSE regimen was assessed with Hartley guinea pigs
4306. Renal cell carcinoma: management of advanced disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Although high DOSE bolus IL-2 schedules have the longest followup, IL-2 administered on other schedules may have enhanced efficacy
- Randomized trials are attempting to delineate the appropriate role for various DOSEs and schedules
4307. Forty years of canine vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For example, a virus titer in a vaccine may be meaningless if the minimum protective DOSE is not known
4308. Comparative safety of tetanus-diphtheria toxoids booster immunization in students in Grades 6 and 9.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Grade 6 students were given Td concurrently with DOSE 3 of hepatitis B vaccine
4309. Efficacy of a temperature-sensitive Mycoplasma synoviae live vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An attempt to determine the DOSE response of the commercial vaccine was conducted with 0.5, 2, and 4 times the standard DOSE
- Air sac lesion incidences of 16 air sacs with lesions out of 32 in the 0.5 times, 11 out of 32 in the 2 times, and 1 out of 32 in the 4 times DOSE groups were observed.
4310. Epidemiological factors in clinical trial design.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, epidemiological issues when properly addressed allow the optimal preparation of the study with anticipation of factors to be included in the analysis which are independent of the randomisation process but can affect the results, for example, the effect of age, DOSE, time since vaccination and exposure to other diseases
4311. A phased approach to clinical testing: criteria for progressing from Phase I to Phase II to Phase III studies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The selection of "optimal" DOSE and schedule are the result of further DOSE-ranging investigations (Phase II), involving more volunteers, with longer, more detailed follow-up assessments
4312. [Vaccination calendar and new risks of infection].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The recent recommendation of Health authorities of giving a second DOSE of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine at 4-6 years is associated to necessary enhancement coverage in 2 year-old infants to 95%
4313. Immunization of woodchucks with plasmids expressing woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) core antigen and surface antigen suppresses WHV infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- With an increase in the DOSE to 1 mg of pWHcIm per injection, transient anti-WHcAg response and WHcAg-specific proliferation of peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBCs) appeared in woodchucks after repeated immunizations
- Four woodchucks vaccinated with pWHcIm were challenged with 10(4) or 10(5) of the WHV 50% infective DOSE
4314. Evaluation of a 3 ml heartwater (cowdriosis) infective blood vaccine dose.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Results obtained for this vaccine DOSE were statistically not different from results for the prescribed 5 ml vaccine DOSE.
4315. Enhancement of protective humoral (Th2) and cell-mediated (Th1) immune responses against herpes simplex virus-2 through co-delivery of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression cassettes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When challenged with a lethal DOSE of HSV-2, GM-CSF co-injection increased survival rates to 90%, an improvement as compared to gD vaccination alone (60-63%)
4316. Lymphotactin gene-modified bone marrow dendritic cells act as more potent adjuvants for peptide delivery to induce specific antitumor immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunization with the low DOSE (1 x 10(4)) of Mut1 peptide-pulsed DC induced weak CTL activity, whereas the same amounts of Mut1 peptide-pulsed Lptn-DC markedly induced specific CTL against 3LL tumor cells
- When 3LL tumor-bearing mice were treated with 1 x 10(4) Mut1 peptide-pulsed Lptn-DC, their pulmonary metastases were significantly reduced, whereas the same low DOSE of Mut1 peptide-pulsed DC had no obvious therapeutic effects
4317. Polynucleotide immunization of nonhuman primates against carcinoembryonic antigen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- injection or particle bombardment of the skin according to a DOSE and schedule thought to be optimal for the respective technique of DNA immunization
4318. Protection of pregnant cattle and their fetuses against infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 by use of a modified-live virus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Analysis of these data indicated that a single DOSE of a modified-live NADL-derived BVDV type 1 vaccine will confer protection to dams and their fetuses against challenge-exposure to heterologous BVDV type 1 organisms.
4319. The pathology of experimental anthrax in rabbits exposed by inhalation and subcutaneous inoculation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- New Zealand white rabbits were exposed by subcutaneous inoculation or aerosol to lethal DOSEs of Bacillus anthracis spores
4320. Safe administration of influenza vaccine to patients with egg allergy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The objectives of this investigation were to determine the safety of a 2-DOSE administration of an influenza vaccine to patients with egg allergy and to evaluate the usefulness of skin testing with the influenza vaccine before administration
- Subjects with egg allergy received the vaccine in 2 DOSEs, 30 minutes apart; the first DOSE was one tenth and the second DOSE nine tenths of the recommended DOSE as determined by age
- Subjects without egg allergy were recruited as control subjects and received 1 age-determined DOSE of the vaccine
- These results demonstrate that patients with egg allergy, even those with significant allergic reactions after egg ingestion, can safely receive an influenza vaccine in a 2-DOSE protocol when the vaccine preparation contains no more than 1.2 micrograms/mL egg protein.
4321. Preventive HIV type 1 vaccine clinical trials: a regulatory perspective.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Phase 1 and 2 studies should support the selection of an appropriate vaccine formulation, DOSE and schedule for evaluation in efficacy trials
4322. Clinical and immunologic responses of vaccinated and unvaccinated calves to infection with a virulent type-II isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of a modified-live type-I isolate of BVDV vaccine protects young calves from clinical signs of disease associated with type-II isolates.
4323. Dendritic cells from HIV-1-infected patients naturally express HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop-derived peptide ligands.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These TLC were found to respond, in a DOSE-dependent manner, to freshly isolated HIV-infected patient APC in the absence of exogenously added peptides
4324. Long-term efficacy and immune responses following immunization with the RTS,S malaria vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Antibody levels decreased to between one-third and one-half of peak values 6 months after the last DOSE of vaccine
4325. A retrospective cohort study of risk factors for missing preschool booster immunisation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After adjustment for other variables, uptake was associated most strongly with completed primary immunisation for diphtheria, tetanus, and polio vaccine or first DOSE measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine
- Effective targeting of children who have missed previous immunisations could improve preschool booster uptake and ensure maximum uptake of at least one DOSE of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine
4326. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the WI-1 adhesin of Blastomyces dermatitidis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- WI-1 immunization, given in Freund's adjuvant subcutaneously in two DOSEs 2 weeks apart, evoked delayed hypersensitivity responses in a concentration-dependent manner
- In protection experiments, WI-1 immunization significantly prolonged the survival of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice compared to controls following intranasal administration of a lethal DOSE of B
4327. Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines: a review of efficacy data.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- As predicted by immunogenicity data, PRP-OMP affords efficacy after one DOSE, and PRP-T is efficacious with an accelerated schedule
4328. [Inactivation and toxoiding of biologically-active components of Bordetella pertussis by tea catechins].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The activities of FHA and PT were inactivated by catechins at approximately 10(3) times lower DOSE (0.2 mM) compared with that of formalin
4329. Immunogenicity and efficacy of DNA vaccines encoding influenza A proteins in aged mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Control mice were given formalin-inactivated A/PR8/34, control DNA, or a non-lethal DOSE of PR8
- When challenged with a low DOSE of A/HK/68 (H3N2) influenza virus, both young mice and aged mice showed significant protection as measured by inhibition of weight loss
- When challenged with a relatively high DOSE of A/HR/68 (H3N2) influenza virus, however, the anti-NP vaccine only partially protected young mice and failed to protect aged mice
4330. [Rabies in dogs and efficacy of active immunoprophylaxis in Yugoslavia].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- That is why in primary vaccination of dogs compulsory revaccination 30 days after the first vaccine DOSE is suggested.
4331. Adjuvant interferon treatment for melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Current approaches in Europe and North America focus upon refinement of DOSE and duration of treatment with IFN and their potential interactions with, and comparison with, active specific immunotherapy with vaccines
- A recently emerging area of research is the patient with stage IIA melanoma and the potential role of an abbreviated high-DOSE regimen of IFN alpha in this patient subset.
4332. Immunopotentiation with low-dose cyclophosphamide in the active specific immunotherapy of cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This paper reviews the use of low-DOSE cyclophosphamide (CY) with active specific immunotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma and other metastatic cancers, and outlines the basic scientific research that supports this use
- Toxicity associated with low-DOSE CY has been mild in these studies
4333. Purification, potency, and efficacy of the botulinum neurotoxin type A binding domain from Pichia pastoris as a recombinant vaccine candidate.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Each protein was assayed for potency in mice at immunogen DOSEs ranging from 2.4 ng to 10 microg, followed by challenge with 1,000 mouse intraperitoneal 50% lethal DOSEs (i.p
- The calculated 50% effective DOSE for both peaks was approximately 0.1 microg/mouse
- Mice were injected either once, twice, or three times at five different DOSEs and subsequently challenged with 100,000 mouse i.p
- In general, multiple injections protected better than one, with complete or nearly complete protection realized at DOSEs of >/=0.5 microg/mouse
- This work shows that the purified BoNT/A(Hc) produced was a highly effective immunogen, able to protect against a high challenge DOSE of neurotoxin.
4334. Reduction of antigen expression from DNA vaccines by coadministered oligodeoxynucleotides.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We show that it is not possible to directly mix S-ODN with plasmid DNA because this will result in an ODN DOSE-dependent reduction in gene expression from the plasmid, possibly because of competitive interference at binding sites on the surface of target cells
4335. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura after recombinant hepatitis B vaccine: retrospective study of seven cases.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The course varied after treatment by corticosteroids, high-DOSE intravenous immunoglobulin, or both
4336. Bacille Calmette-Guérin in superficial transitional cell carcinoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The efficacy of a BCG vaccine depends on the viability, DOSE and strain
- Low-DOSE regimens successfully protect from recurrences, with fewer side-effects
- Although currently BCG seems to be the choice for high-risk superficial TCC, many questions remain unanswered, especially about the mechanism(s) of action, the optimal DOSE and clinical schedule.
4337. Efficacy of an OspA vaccine preparation for prevention of Lyme disease in New York State.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was done comparing a 30-microgram DOSE of a single protein recombinant OspA vaccine preparation with a saline placebo for efficacy in prevention of Lyme disease in humans
- The OspA vaccine (30-microgram DOSE) or saline placebo was given intramuscularly at day 0, 1 month later, and 12 months later
4338. Alkyl-esters of polyacrylic acid as vaccine adjuvants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The alkyl-PAA esters exhibited significantly higher responses than unmodified PAA and titres increased with increasing DOSE of adjuvant
- At DOSEs of 2 mg per animal, octyl- and butyl-PAA esters with a substitution rate of 16% (octyl16-PAA and butyl16-PAA, respectively) gave similar titres as W/O
4339. Safety and efficacy of purified Vero cell rabies vaccine given intramuscularly and intradermally. (Results of a prospective randomized trial).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine adverse reactions as a result of pre- and post-exposure rabies vaccination, using the conventional intramuscular, and reduced DOSE intradermal regimens and purified Vero cell rabies vaccine
4340. Pharmacokinetics/dynamics of 5c8, a monoclonal antibody to CD154 (CD40 ligand) suppression of an immune response in monkeys.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Single-DOSE groups (n = 3 animals per DOSE) received saline, 0.2, 1, 5 or 20 mg/kg i.v
- DOSEs of Hu5c8
- The repeat-DOSE groups (n = 4 animals) received 0 or 5 mg/kg i.v
- DOSEs of Ch5c8 or Hu5c8 on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9
- The single-DOSE PK parameters showed DOSE proportionality, with a terminal half-life of 300 h, a volume of distribution at steady state of 73 ml/kg and clearance of 0.2 ml.h-1.kg-1
- The repeat-DOSE regimen produced a longer terminal half-life (500 h) and lower clearance (0.13 ml.h-1.kg-1) than in the single-DOSE groups
- The 5c8 produced a log(DOSE)-proportional reduction in the area under the curve of ATT
- The model provides quantitation of reduced ATT responses after 5c8 and was applicable to primary and secondary immune responses and to both single-DOSE and multiple-DOSE treatments
4341. Induction of protection against tetanus toxin in mice by tetanus toxoid-liposome conjugate.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mice immunized with Ttd-liposomes were successfully protected against a subsequent challenge with a lethal DOSE of tetanus toxin (Ttx)
4342. Enhanced immunogenicity of microencapsulated tetanus toxoid with stabilizing agents.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Regulated antigen release from MS-based vaccines permits a reduction of the antigen DOSE and optimization of single-DOSE vaccine formulations.
4343. Comparative efficacy of experimental anthrax vaccine candidates against inhalation anthrax in rhesus macaques.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One DOSE of each vaccine provided significant protection (> 90%) against inhalation anthrax in the rhesus macaques.
4344. Studies on experimental adjuvanted influenza vaccines: comparison of immune stimulating complexes (Iscoms) and oil-in-water vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In addition, DOSE-site reactivity studies in sheep showed that Iscom vaccines were less reactive than o/w-based vaccines, the degree of reactivity of the latter increasing sharply with increasing L121 concentration
4345. Use of telemetry to assess vaccine-induced protection against parenteral and aerosol infections of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in non-human primates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE of TC-83, or three s.c
- DOSEs (days 0, 7, 28) of C-84, elicited similar serum virus-neutralizing antibody responses
- In this study, C-84 (three DOSEs) protected monkeys as well as TC-83 (one DOSE) against either a s.c
4346. Surveillance of suspected poliomyelitis in Albania, 1980-1995: suggestion of increased risk of vaccine associated poliomyelitis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Four of the five patients from which poliovirus could not be isolated were classified as possible recipient vaccine-associated poliomyelitis on the basis of serology data (presence of antibodies against all three polioviruses) and the temporal association between the latest DOSE of vaccine received and onset of paralysis
4347. Low-dose BCG instillations in the treatment of stage T1 grade 3 bladder tumours: recurrence, progression and success.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects and results of low-DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy on a selective high-risk population of stage T1, grade 3 (G3) bladder tumours
- Overall, 25 patients (71%) were considered free of tumour occurrence after low-DOSE BCG therapy
4348. A vaccine consisting of recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface protein A to prevent Lyme disease. Recombinant Outer-Surface Protein A Lyme Disease Vaccine Study Consortium.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The first two injections were administered 1 month apart, and 7515 subjects also received a booster DOSE at 12 months
4349. Short- and long-term efficacy of single-dose subunit vaccines against Yersinia pestis in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single, subcutaneous, 30-microg DOSE of either a combination of the Yersinia pestis proteins F1+V or a F1-V fusion protein adsorbed to the adjuvant aluminum hydroxide, protected Hsd:ND4 mice for one year against pneumonic plague
- The current Plague Vaccine USP in a single 0.2-ml DOSE did not provide significant protection in this mouse model
4350. Surgical adjuvant active specific immunotherapy for patients with stage III melanoma: the final analysis of data from a phase III, randomized, double-blind, multicenter vaccinia melanoma oncolysate trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two hundred fifty patients were randomized to treatment with either VMO (1 U containing 2 mg of total protein derived from 5 x 10(6) melanoma cells and 10(5.6) 50% tissue culture infectious DOSE of vaccinia virus) or control V (1 U containing 10(5.4) 50% tissue culture infectious DOSE of vaccinia virus) once a week for 13 weeks and then once every 2 weeks for a total of 12 months, or until recurrence
4351. Protective efficacy of mycobacterial 71-kDa cell wall associated protein using poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles as carrier vehicles.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Further, the protective efficacy of 71-kDa was evaluated on the basis of survival rates and viable bacilli load in different organs at 30 days post challenge (p.c.), with the median lethal DOSE (LD50) of M
4352. Potential use of cytokine therapy in poultry.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Preliminary vaccination trials have indicated that co-administration of ChIFN-gamma with antigen (sheep red blood cells) resulted in enhanced secondary (IgG) antibody responses and allowed a 10-fold lower DOSE of antigen to be used
4353. Measles outbreak at a university without a two-dose immunization requirement.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4354. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 2398 children were enrolled and received at least one DOSE of RRV-TV (n=1191) or placebo (n=1207)
- The primary efficacy analysis was based on children who received three DOSEs of RRV-TV (n=1128) or placebo (n=1145)
4355. Efficacy of inactivated H5N2 influenza vaccines against lethal A/Chicken/Queretaro/19/95 infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The amount of HA required to prevent the signs of disease from A/Chicken/Queretaro/19/95 influenza virus was approximately 0.4 microgram per DOSE
4356. Protective efficacy of a dengue 2 DNA vaccine in mice and the effect of CpG immuno-stimulatory motifs on antibody responses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The results showed that CpG motifs present in pUC 19 significantly improved the antibody response to a suboptimal DOSE of 3.1 micrograms of the DEN DNA vaccine
- These studies illustrate that nucleic acid immunization is a viable approach to developing a DEN vaccine and that immuno-stimulatory CpG DNA motifs can be used to lower the minimum DOSE required to produce an antibody response.
4357. Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a new, heat-treated human rabies immune globulin using a sham, post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- RIG was administered at the recommended DOSE of 20 IU/kg by three intramuscular (i.m.) injections in the gluteus
4358. Construction and vaccine potential of acapsular mutants of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: use of excision of Tn916 to inactivate a target gene.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The mutants were confirmed to be devoid of capsular antigen by Western immunoblotting and were nonvirulent for mice (subcutaneous 50% lethal DOSE [LD50], >10(9) CFU)
- with DOSEs ranging from 2 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(8) CFU of strain YS-1 were completely protected against challenge with 100 LD50 of the homologous, highly virulent strain Fujisawa-SmR 21 days postimmunization, and protective immunity conferred by immunization with 2 x 10(8) CFU of the strain lasted for as long as the 3 months of the observation period
4359. [Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b in the Valencia Community: efficacy and failure of vaccinations].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination status (number of DOSEs, dates and type of vaccine) in each case was obtained
- Of 23 cases reported from December 1, 1995 to November 30, 1996, two had received at least one DOSE of Hib vaccine
4360. Protective immunization of monkeys with BCG or BCG plus heat-killed Mycobacterium leprae: clinical results.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Rhesus and sooty mangabey monkeys (RM and SMM) were vaccinated and boosted with BCG or BCG + low DOSE (LD) or high DOSE (HD) heat-killed Mycobacterium leprae (HKML)
4361. Ad hoc survey of hepatitis B vaccination campaign in newborns of HBsAg positive mothers and in 12-year-old subjects in southern Italy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Out of the 1000 adolescents sampled 130 (13%) were not found due to an inaccurate census list; 727 (83.3%) of the 870 investigated had received a three-DOSE HB vaccine series
4362. Antibody responses and persistence in the two years after immunization with two acellular vaccines and one whole-cell vaccine against pertussis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the persistence of specific antibodies induced by primary immunization with three DOSEs of two three-component acellular vaccines against pertussis with an observed efficacy of 84%, and one whole-cell vaccine with an observed efficacy of 36%
- Serum samples were collected from a subsample of 1572 children from the Italian double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of vaccines used in 15,601 children at three time points: before administration of the first DOSE of vaccine, and 1 month and approximately 15 months after administration of the third DOSE
- The immunogenicity of the whole-cell study vaccine was poor 1 month after the third DOSE, and no antibody was detected in nearly all children 15 months after whole-cell vaccination
4363. [Age-related seroprevalence of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies in 1996].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These data show that the MMR vaccine cover in Swiss children is insufficient to interrupt virus circulation, and administration of a second DOSE of MMR for catch-up immunisation has been omitted
4364. Renal cell carcinoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In addition, lower DOSE combinations of interleukin-2 and interferon alfa may be as beneficial as higher DOSE regimens, but with less toxicity
4365. [Results of BCG in the treatment of pTa and pT1 bladder tumors. Evaluation of a long protocol using 75 mg of Pasteur strain BCG].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Our study confirms the efficacy of our BCG protocol ro reduce the potential for recurrence and progression of superficial bladder tumours, despite reduction of the DOSE to 75 mg
4366. Irradiated IL-2 gene-modified plasmacytoma vaccines are more efficient than live vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Local administration of the IL-2-secreting plasmacytoma irradiated with a DOSE of 50 Gy inhibited i.p
4367. Protective efficacy of vaccines against bovine dermatophytosis after double and single vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The protective efficacy of two Czech vaccines against bovine Trichophyton verrucosum infection after double vaccination of calves in prophylactic DOSEs, with an interval of 13 days between vaccination and revaccination, was very good
- When these preparations were applied in a double DOSE only once, less protective effect was produced
4368. Induction of early and bioeffective antibody response in rodents with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone vaccine given as a single dose in biodegradable microspheres along with alum.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One hundred micrograms was the optimum DOSE, and the intramuscular route was more immunogenic than the subcutaneous
- Coadministration of the LHRH vaccine in biodegradable PLGA microspheres with a quarter of the DOSE adsorbed on alum generates high antibody titers within 15 days, which are effective in causing atrophy of the prostate.
4369. Phase I/IIa safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy trial of NYVAC-Pf7, a pox-vectored, multiantigen, multistage vaccine candidate for Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- falciparum-infected Anopheles mosquitoes, 1 was completely protected, and there was a significant delay in time to parasite patency in the groups of volunteers who received either the low or high DOSE of vaccine compared with control volunteers.
4370. Getting Hib vaccine to those who need it.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4371. Induction of protective immunity against Japanese encephalitis in mice by immunization with a plasmid encoding Japanese encephalitis virus premembrane and envelope genes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two immunizations of 4-week-old female ICR mice with pcDNA3JEME by intramuscular or intradermal injections at a DOSE of 10 or 100 microg per mouse elicited neutralizing (NEUT) antibodies at titers of 1:10 to 1:20 (90% plaque reduction), and all immunized mice survived a challenge with 10,000 50% lethal DOSEs of the P3 strain of JE virus
- BALB/c mice maintained detectable levels of memory B cells and CTLs for at least 6 months after one immunization with pcDNA3JEME at a DOSE of 100 microg
4372. Borrelia burgdorferi escape mutants that survive in the presence of antiserum to the OspA vaccine are killed when complement is also present.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The antiserum used for selection was obtained from rhesus monkeys that had been given a vaccine of the same formulation and DOSE, and by the same route of administration, as that given to humans in several trials
4373. Evaluation of the protective efficacy of a recombinant dengue envelope B domain fusion protein against dengue 2 virus infection in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When administered to mice, DEN-2(B)/MBP elicited a DEN-2 virus neutralizing antibody response that conferred partial protection against challenge infection with a lethal DOSE of DEN-2 virus administered by intracranial inoculation
4374. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a rotavirus immunization program for the United States.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At $20 per DOSE, the program would cost $289 million and realize a net loss of $107 million to the health care system-$103 per case prevented
- Threshold analysis identified a break-even price per DOSE of $9 for the health care system and $51 for the societal perspective
- A US rotavirus immunization program would be cost-effective from the perspectives of society and the health care system, although the cost of the immunization program would not be fully offset by the reduction in health care cost of rotavirus diarrhea unless the price fell to $9 per DOSE.
4375. The efficacy of live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenzavirus vaccine in children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two hundred eighty-eight children were assigned to receive one DOSE of vaccine or placebo given by intranasal spray, and 1314 were assigned to receive two DOSEs approximately 60 days apart
- Both the one-DOSE regimen (89 percent efficacy) and the two-DOSE regimen (94 percent efficacy) were efficacious, and the vaccine was efficacious against both strains of influenza circulating in 1996-1997, A(H3N2) and B
4376. Evaluation of a multivalent Pasteurella haemolytica vaccine in bighorn sheep: protection from experimental challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Fifteen captive bighorns were divided equally into three treatment groups based on vaccination status: control (no vaccination), one DOSE 10 days prior to challenge, or one or two DOSEs 57 wk prior to challenge
4377. Safety and immunogenicity of a combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B vaccine administered according to two different primary vaccination schedules. Multicenter Working Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Severe local symptoms were rare: pain after 0.6% of all DOSEs, redness after 0.5% and 1.3%, and swelling after 0.3% and 1.5%, in group A and B, respectively
- Antibody titres against all vaccine components were elevated following both schedules, but after the third DOSE of vaccine geometric mean antibody titres (GMTs) against D toxoid, filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN) and hepatitis B (HB) were significantly higher in the 3, 5, 11 group than after the 2, 4, 6 schedule
4378. [Indications for influenza vaccination in children with lung disorders. Dutch Association for Pediatric Medicine].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In both instances, a full vaccination DOSE should be administered.
4379. Persistent low immunization coverage among inner-city preschool children despite access to free vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Based on evaluation of 1244 children, citywide coverage for four DOSEs of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, three DOSEs of polio vaccine, and one DOSE of measles-containing vaccine (4:3:1) was 47% [95% confidence interval (CI), 40% to 55%]
4380. Safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine conjugated to CRM197 in United States infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two hundred twelve healthy 2-month-old infants were equally randomized to receive four consecutive DOSEs of PNCRM7 or an investigational meningococcal group C conjugate vaccine, which served as a control
- Active safety surveillance was conducted for 3 days after each DOSE
- Antibody concentrations to each of the 7 pneumococcal serotypes were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay prevaccination, after DOSEs two and three, prebooster, and postbooster
- There was no increase in the incidence or severity of local reactions at the PNCRM7 site with increasing DOSEs of vaccine
- After three DOSEs of PNCRM7, between 92% to 100% of children had >/=0.15 microg/mL of antibody, and 51% to 90% achieved a level of >/=1 microg/mL against specific serotypes
- A booster DOSE of PNCRM7 resulted in a brisk anamnestic response to all 7 vaccine serotypes, demonstrating effective stimulation of T-cell memory by the primary series of vaccinations
- Primary immunization followed by a booster DOSE of PNCRM7 seemed to be acceptably safe and resulted in significant rises in antibody to all 7 serotypes
4381. Enhanced immunogenicity for CD8+ T cell induction and complete protective efficacy of malaria DNA vaccination by boosting with modified vaccinia virus Ankara.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A particular sequence of subunit immunization with pre-erythrocytic antigens of Plasmodium berghei, consisting of single DOSE priming with plasmid DNA followed by a single boost with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the same antigen, induced unprecedented complete protection against P
4382. Evaluation of SPf66 malaria vaccine efficacy in Brazil.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4383. Prediction of response to hepatitis B vaccine in health care workers: whose titers of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen should be determined after a three-dose series, and what are the implications in terms of cost-effectiveness?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4384. Genetically engineered vaccines: an overview.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These issues are less of a concern with a live attenuated vaccine, since these vaccines are less costly, require fewer steps to manufacture, and elicit long-lived immunity after only a single DOSE
4385. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, Jaksic presented favorable results with high DOSE (i.e., 10-15 mg/day) continuous CB schedule
4386. Risk assessment on the carcinogenic potential of hybridoma cell DNA: implications for residual contaminating cellular DNA in biological products.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSEs of 250 micrograms DNA, derived from Balb/c hybridoma cells, were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) in 200 mice
- DOSEs of 5 micrograms plasmid pPy1 DNA, containing the entire Polyoma virus genome, served as positive control and were injected s.c
- DOSEs of 50 micrograms hybridoma DNA or 5 micrograms pPy1 DNA were injected s.c
- In the rat study none out of nine hybridoma DNA-treated rats developed tumours at the injection site, while three out of nine rats of the positive control group, injected with the pPy1 DNA, showed local tumour development (benign and malignant soft tissue tumours.) It is concluded that, at the high DOSE and numbers of animals tested, parenteral administration of hybridoma DNA does not induce local tumour development
4387. Influence of cellular location of expressed antigen on the efficacy of DNA vaccination: cytotoxic T lymphocyte and antibody responses are suboptimal when antigen is cytoplasmic after intramuscular DNA immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- injection to be due to DOSE.
4388. Typhoid fever vaccines: a meta-analysis of studies on efficacy and toxicity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three year cumulative efficacy was 73% (95% confidence interval 65% to 80%) for two DOSEs of whole cell vaccines (based on seven trials); 51% (35% to 63%) for three DOSEs of Ty21a vaccine (four trials); and 55% (30% to 71%) for one DOSE of Vi vaccine (one trial)
- For whole cell and Ty21a vaccines, regimens of fewer DOSEs were less effective
4389. [The efficacy, complications and prospects for the vaccinal prevention of tuberculosis].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4390. Follow-up of Gambian children recruited to a pilot safety and immunogenicity study of the malaria vaccine SPf66.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children who received SPf66 experienced more clinical attacks of malaria than did children in the control group during the first period of surveillance and the difference in incidence between children who had received high DOSE Colombian vaccine and the control children was statistically significant at the 5% level
- During 18 weeks of intensive surveillance, the incidence of clinical malaria was again higher among children who had received SPf66 than among children who had received inactivated polio vaccine (6.23 vs 4.89 clinical attacks per 1000 days at risk), the effect being most marked among children who were in the high DOSE groups, but differences between groups were now no longer statistically significant.
4391. Efficacy evaluation of prime-boost protocol: canarypoxvirus-based feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) vaccine and inactivated FIV-infected cell vaccine against heterologous FIV challenge in cats.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Specific pathogen-free cats were given a total of three immunizations with subtype A vaccines and challenged 4 weeks after the final immunization with 50 median animal infectious DOSEs (ID50) of FIV-Petaluma, a subtype A isolate
- Two out of three cats had transient infection and the remaining cat had no sign of FIV infection at a DOSE at which all three control cats were readily infected
4392. Efficacy of recombinant fowl poxvirus vaccine in protecting chickens against a highly pathogenic Mexican-origin H5N2 avian influenza virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The number of chickens shedding the challenge AIV from their enteric tracts was significantly reduced (50-75%) and the quantity of challenge AIV shed from respiratory and enteric tracts was significantly reduced (10(1)-10(2.1) mean embryo lethal DOSE/ml) in most vector-HA vaccine groups when compared with vector-control groups
4393. Immunomodulatory properties of antineoplastic drugs administered in conjunction with GM-CSF-secreting cancer cell vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Using this approach, doxorubicin was found to possess apparent immunostimulatory activities, depending on the DOSE and schedule of administration, while cyclophosphamide appeared immunosuppressive
4394. Physician concerns about vaccine adverse effects and potential litigation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among physicians highly concerned about vaccine litigation, 22% were unlikely to recommend the third DOSE of DTP for a child with a fever of 39.4 degrees C and no other symptoms after the second DOSE of DTP, whereas among those expressing little concern about litigation, only 12% were unlikely to vaccinate (P < .05)
4395. A population-based study of access to immunization among urban Virginia children served by public, private, and military health care systems.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Nevertheless, national survey data indicate that up to one third of 2-year-old children in some states and urban areas lack at least one recommended DOSE of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)-, polio-, or measles-containing vaccines
- Up-to-date (UTD) immunization status was defined as having all recommended DOSEs of DTP, polio, and measles-mumps-rubella at 12 months (three DTP and two polio immunizations) and 24 months (four DTP, three polio, and one measles-mumps-rubella immunizations)
4396. DNA immunization against herpes simplex virus: enhanced efficacy using a Sindbis virus-based vector.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In general, 100- to 1,000-fold-lower DOSEs of pSIN were needed to induce the same level of responsiveness as that achieved with the conventional plasmid DNA vector
- In some instances, significant immune responses were induced with a single DOSE of pSIN as low as 10 ng/mouse
4397. A comparative efficacy trial in Germany in infants who received either the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine, the Lederle whole-cell component DTP vaccine, or DT vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a randomized, double-blind fashion, 2- to 4-month-old infants received 4 DOSEs of either DTP or DTaP vaccine at 3, 4.5, 6, and 15 to 18 months of age
- The controls received 3 DOSEs (3, 4.5, 15 to 18 months of age) of DT vaccine
- Follow-up for vaccine efficacy started 2 weeks after the third DOSE (DTP/DTaP) and at the same age (6.5 months) in DT recipients
- Reactogenicity of all DOSEs of all three vaccines was documented by standardized parent diary cards
- For DTaP vaccine, efficacy was higher after the fourth DOSE as compared with its efficacy after the third DOSE (78% vs 62% for cough >/=7 days and 85% vs 76% for cough >/=21 days with PWV)
- For DTP vaccine, efficacy was less varied after the third and fourth DOSE (78% vs 85% for cough >/=7 days and 93% vs 93% for cough >/=21 days with PWV)
- Based on the results of this trial, the vaccine was licensed in the United States in December 1996 for all 5 DOSEs of the currently recommended immunization schedule in this country.
4398. Effect of nationwide vaccination of 3-month-old infants in The Netherlands with conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine: high efficacy and lack of herd immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- influenzae type b meningitis had been vaccinated three times, 13 received one or no vaccine DOSE because of their age, and 7 were not vaccinated for religious or logistic reasons
4399. Seroconversion of a trivalent measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine in children aged 9 and 15 months.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Evidence for the efficacy of a two-DOSE schedule, i.e
4400. Recombinant vaccine against hepatitis E: dose response and protection against heterologous challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thirty-two rhesus monkeys were used to evaluate the DOSE response of a recombinant HEV vaccine, and the efficacy of the vaccine based on the ORF2 protein of the Pakistani strain for pre- and post-exposure vaccination against intravenous challenge with homologous or heterologous virus was examined
- Although primates vaccinated twice with 50-microgram, 10-microgram, 2-microgram, or 0.4-microgram DOSEs of the recombinant 55 kDa ORF-2 protein were infected, they were protected from hepatitis when they were challenged with very high DOSEs of the homologous strain of HEV
- Primates vaccinated twice with a 50 micrograms DOSE of the recombinant protein were protected from hepatitis after heterologous challenge with the Mexican strain, the strain of HEV most genetically distant from the Pakistani strain.
4401. Measles outbreak -- Romania, 1997.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This report describes the investigation of this epidemic by MOH and estimates the efficacy of measles vaccine using the screening method; the findings of the investigation suggest that high routine vaccination coverage with a single DOSE of measles vaccine with an estimated efficacy of 77%-90% was not sufficient to prevent periodic outbreaks of measles.
4402. Passive immunization with a human monoclonal antibody protects hu-PBL-SCID mice against challenge by primary isolates of HIV-1.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We find that the potent neutralizing human monoclonal antibody IgG1b12 at high DOSE is able to completely protect even when given several hours after viral challenge
4403. Randomised controlled trial of two-component, three-component, and five-component acellular pertussis vaccines compared with whole-cell pertussis vaccine. Ad Hoc Group for the Study of Pertussis Vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During follow-up from the third DOSE (mean 22 months), in the 3 months, 5 months, 12 months schedule, there were 15 cases of culture-confirmed pertussis with at least 21 days of paroxysmal cough in the whole-cell group, relative risk 1.00, compared with 13 in the five-component group (0.85 [95% CI 0.41-1.79]), and 21 in the three-component group (1.38 [0.71-2.69])
- In the intention-to-treat analyses, from the first DOSE in the 3 months, 5 months, 12 months schedule the whole-cell vaccine was significantly more protective than the three-component vaccine against typical pertussis
- Between the second and the third DOSEs, culture-confirmed pertussis with any cough and with at least 21 days of paroxysmal cough was significantly more frequent in the two-component group than in the three-component group, and in the three-component group than in the five-component and the whole-cell groups, respectively
4404. Efficacy and safety of high-dose rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine in Native American populations.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Infants were orally administered RRV-TV (4 x 10(5) plaque-forming units per DOSE), RRV-S1 (4 x 10(5) plaque-forming units per DOSE), or placebo at 2, 4, and 6 months of age
- A total of 1185 infants received at least one DOSE of a study vaccine or placebo, and 1051 received all three DOSEs according to the protocol
4405. Ten-year neonatal hepatitis B vaccination program, The Netherlands, 1982-1992: protective efficacy and long-term immunogenicity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- From 1982 to 1989, 705 infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers entered the Dutch neonatal hepatitis B vaccination program and received passive-active hepatitis B immunization in three randomized controlled trials testing variations in time of starting active vaccination, DOSE and type of vaccine, and number of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) injections
- The protective efficacy rate (PER) of passive-active immunization at 12 months follow-up was 92% for the total group of children from 114 HBeAg-positive mothers with no significant differences between children starting active immunization at birth or at 3 months of age, between infants starting at 3 months of age receiving one or two DOSEs of HBIg or between those receiving plasma derived or recombinant vaccine
4406. A randomized double-blind trial comparing a two-component acellular to a whole-cell pertussis vaccine in Senegal.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Beginning 28 days after the third vaccine DOSE, the overall ratio of pertussis incidence in the DTaP group relative to the DTwP group (RRac/wc) was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.23-1.93)
- Although vaccination with DTaP provided a lower degree of protection than the highly effective DTwP, this difference was less prominent before 18 months of age, the customary age for a fourth DOSE
- The safer DTaP vaccine may prove a valuable substitute for whole-cell vaccines when used in a schedule that includes a booster-DOSE.
4407. Comparative efficacy of a Coxiella burnetii chloroform:methanol residue (CMR) vaccine and a licensed cellular vaccine (Q-Vax) in rodents challenged by aerosol.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The CMR vaccine DOSE required to protect 50% of mice (PD50) against lethal aerosol challenge (11 LD50) was one-third of the Q-Vax DOSE
- However, the PD50 for CMR was four times the Q-Vax DOSE in guinea pigs challenged by aerosol (60 LD50)
4408. The adjuvant MF59 increases the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of subunit influenza vaccine in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The addition of MF59 significantly increased the antibody response to the vaccine antigens over a wide DOSE range
- Influenza vaccine combined with MF59 gave full protection from viral challenge at antigen DOSEs 65- to 80-fold lower than with vaccine alone.
4409. Attenuation, persistence, and vaccine potential of an Edwardsiella ictaluri purA mutant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- By the injection route, LSU-E2 had a 50% lethal DOSE (LD50) that was greater than 5 logs10 higher than the LD50 for wild-type E
- Channel catfish that were vaccinated with a single immersion DOSE of LSU-E2 had mortality significantly lower (P < 0.01) following a wild-type E
4410. Protection against haemorrhagic septicaemia induced by vaccination of buffalo calves with an improved oil adjuvant vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine was evaluated by single DOSE intramuscular immunisation of 1-2 year old buffalo calves
4411. Lone parent families are an independent risk factor for lower rates of childhood immunisation in London.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The proportions of children under 5 years of age, lone parent families, unemployed members of the workforce, domestic overcrowding, ethnic minorities, and unskilled workforce were correlated significantly with the coverage of primary immunisation for third DOSE diphtheria (D3) and pertussis (P3) at 12 months
4412. Tobacco smoke as a risk factor for meningococcal disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE-response effects were seen for passive smoke exposure and risk of disease in all age groups
4413. Safety of a mutagen-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus vaccine in fetal and neonatal bovids.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4414. Safety and efficacy of a mutagen-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus vaccine in cattle.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Yearling steers were vaccinated to assess their immunologic response to various DOSEs of vaccine and were challenge inoculated with virulent RVFV at PVD 28 to assess protection
- Steers, inoculated with tenfold escalating vaccine DOSEs, beginning with 1.0 log10 PFU, were protected against virulent RVFV challenge exposure
- RVF MP-12 may be safe and efficacious for use in pregnant or lactating bovids, and a minimal DOSE of vaccine may provide suitable protection against viremia.
4415. The use of Baypamun N in crowding-associated infectious respiratory disease: efficacy of Baypamun N (freeze dried product) in 2-week-old veal calves.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4416. Rotavirus virus-like particles administered mucosally induce protective immunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The highest oral DOSE (100 microg) of VLPs induced protection from rotavirus challenge (> or = 50% reduction in virus shedding) in 50% of the mice
- The highest DOSE (100 microg) of 2/6-VLPs administered intranasally without cholera toxin resulted in a mean reduction in shedding of 38%
4417. Efficacy of the rhesus rotavirus-based quadrivalent vaccine in infants and young children in Venezuela.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 2207 infants received three oral DOSEs of the quadrivalent rotavirus vaccine (4x10(5) plaque-forming units per DOSE) or placebo at about two, three, and four months of age
- The vaccine was safe, although 15 percent of the vaccinated infants had febrile episodes (rectal temperature, > or =38.1 degrees C) during the six days after the first DOSE, as compared with 7 percent of the controls (P<0.001)
4418. Efficacy of a high and accelerated dose of hepatitis B vaccine in alcoholic patients: a randomized clinical trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A randomized, double-blind trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of a high-DOSE versus standard-DOSE hepatitis B vaccine in alcoholic patients
- One hundred ten alcoholic patients were randomized to either receive the standard DOSE (20 micrograms at 0.1, and 6 months) or a high DOSE (40 micrograms at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months) of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B)
- The final titer of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was obtained 12 months after the first vaccine DOSE; a seroconversion was defined as a titer greater than 10 mlU/ml
- Thirty-six out of 48 (75%) of patients administered the high-DOSE regimen seroconverted compared with 24 of 52 (46%) in the standard DOSE group (P < 0.005)
- The mean anti-HBs titer of the high DOSE group was significantly greater than of the standard DOSE group (76.4 versus 39.4 mlU/ml, P < 0.01)
- Logistic regression demonstrated a significant effect on seroconversion for the vaccine DOSE (P < 0.005) and serum albumin (P = 0.05) but not for the other variables such as race, age, drinking during the study, serum creatinine, arm muscle circumference, and cirrhosis
- A high- and accelerated-DOSE regimen of hepatitis B improves the serological response in alcoholic patients
4419. Automated interviewing for hepatitis B risk assessment and vaccination referral.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of those requiring vaccine, 75% (32% of at-risk callers) completed the three-DOSE series
4420. Immune response to simulated postexposure rabies booster vaccinations in volunteers who received preexposure vaccinations.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Less is known about the reliability of the present World Health Organization (WHO)-approved intradermal preexposure regimen, which consists of three 0.1-mL DOSEs that are generally given on days 0, 7, and 28
- Previous studies have shown that neutralizing antibody responses are lower and of shorter duration in subjects given the reduced-DOSE intradermal regimen
4421. Adjuvant therapy of malignant melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- High-DOSE interferon-alpha has recently been shown to modestly improve disease-free and overall survival in a prospective randomized trial of high-risk patients and has been approved by the FDA for this indication
4422. Effect of booster vaccination with a multivalent clostridial bacterin-toxoid on sudden death syndrome mortality rate among feedlot cattle.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All cattle received a sequentially numbered ear tag and a 2-ml DOSE of a multivalent bacterin-toxoid designed to protect cattle against Clostridium chauvoei, C speticum, C novyi, C sordellii, and C perfringens types C and D
- Cattle in the treatment group received a second 2-ml DOSE of clostridial bacterintoxoid; control cattle did not
4423. Economic benefits of a routine second dose of combined measles, mumps and rubella vaccine in Canada.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the potential economic benefits of a program for a second routine DOSE of combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, administered to children in Canada
- It was estimated that a second DOSE of MMR vaccine administered at 18 months of age would prevent 9200 cases of measles, 6120 cases of mumps and 1960 cases of rubella, producing a savings of $6.34 for every dollar spent from the ministry of health perspective, and $3.25 from the societal perspective
- A routine second DOSE immunization with MMR vaccine would result in considerable cost savings in Canada.
4424. Intraduodenal vaccination of brushtail possums with bacille Calmette-Guérin enhances immune responses and protection against Mycobacterium bovis infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The animals were later challenged intratracheally with a low DOSE of virulent Mycobacterium bovis
4425. Characteristics of infants receiving prompt first diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunisation in an infant cohort.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The Centers for Disease Control in the United States have stated that studies to determine factors associated with failure to receive the first recommended DOSE of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis are required
4426. Hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C viral infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B) 40 micrograms per DOSE was administered by the intramuscular route at deltoid region at 0, 1, 2, 6 and 12 months respectively to all the patients
- Our results showed that five-DOSE injections of HBV vaccine do not present a superior outcome to the four-DOSE regimen comparing to published data
4427. Immunogenicity and protectivity of a new liposomal hepatitis A vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study we investigated a new liposomal hepatitis A vaccine (Epaxal) developed by the Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute clinically and immunologically using a one DOSE priming schedule and a booster injection after 1 year
- Two DOSEs of the vaccine were administered at months 0 and 12 in 117 volunteers
- Seroconversion evaluated by ELISA was 97 and 99%, respectively, 14 and 28 days after the first DOSE and 100% after the second DOSE
- The results of this study show that with two DOSEs of the liposomal hepatitis A vaccine administered at months 0 and 12 early protection within 14 days and long lasting immunity can be achieved.
4428. Systemic and mucosal immune response to polio vaccination with additional dose in newborn period.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Administration of supplementary DOSE of oral polio vaccine (OPV) during neonatal period is recommended by WHO in countries like India, where host response to the regular to the regular three-DOSE schedule is not satisfactory and poliomyelitis continues to be a problem
- The efficacy of this DOSE +3, and +5 DOSEs of OPV in terms of seropositivity, seroconversion, systemic, and mucosal antibody responses were measured in 51 infants in a follow-up study from birth to 30 weeks
- Administration of the additional DOSE in the newborn period significantly improved seropositivity and seroconversion rates compared to the conventional 3 or 5 DOSE schedules
- Systemic antibody titres improved with each DOSE of the vaccine and 40-60 per cent of infants had > 1:128 titres to the three types of polioviruses that could prevent re-infection of the gut and 50 per cent of them had mucosal antibodies as evidenced by specific IgA in nasopharyngeal secretions
4429. Protection of dogs against canine distemper by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant expressing canine distemper virus fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The DOSE of the combination vaccine used to inoculate these pups was 40 times lower than the recommended commercial DOSE
4430. Reduced efficacy of allogeneic versus syngeneic fibroblasts modified to secrete cytokines as a tumor vaccine adjuvant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4431. Understanding and enhancing compliance with the second dose of hepatitis B vaccine: a cohort analysis and a randomized controlled trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine the predictors and extent of noncompliance with a second DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine and the effectiveness of a compliance enhancement strategy
- Those who did not return for the second DOSE of vaccine by 6 weeks after the first (2 weeks overdue) were randomly assigned to the enhanced intervention group (telephone and mail reminders) or the regular intervention group (mail reminder only)
- Subjects were considered noncompliant if they did not return for the second DOSE by 4 months after the first
- The risk of not returning for the second DOSE of vaccine within 4 months after the first was strongly and linearly associated with level of education (p = 0.004)
- Hepatitis B vaccine recipients with lower educational levels are at increased risk of noncompliance with the second DOSE of vaccine but are highly responsive to telephone reminders.
4432. Field study of the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of an inactivated equine rotavirus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During the first year, mares received 3 DOSEs of vaccine or placebo, IM, at 8, 9, and 10 months of gestation
- During the second year, mares that had been vaccinated the previous year received a single booster DOSE of vaccine approximately 1 month prior to parturition
- Mares that had received the placebo the previous year and mares new to the study received 3 DOSEs of vaccine or placebo
4433. The importance of MHC-I and MHC-II responses in vaccine efficacy against lethal herpes simplex virus type 1 challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The live virus vaccine and the 7gPs vaccine also protected 80% of the beta 2m% mice against the same lethal HSV-1 challenge DOSE
- In contrast, in Abo/o mice, none of the vaccines provided significant protection against the same lethal challenge DOSE of HSV-1
- However, at a lower challenge DOSE of 2 x 10(6) PFU, all three vaccines protected 70-80% of the vaccinated Ab% mice (compared to only 10% survival in mock vaccinated controls)
4434. Cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccines developed in Russia: can they contribute to meeting the needs for influenza control in other countries?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- selection of the single best candidate type A and B vaccines for intense study using as criteria their potential for meeting licensing requirements outside Russia, and documenting the clinical protective efficacy of a single vaccine DOSE compared to two DOSEs as studied until now
4435. Recombinant fowlpox virus vaccines against Australian virulent Marek's disease virus: gene sequence analysis and comparison of vaccine efficacy in specific pathogen free and production chickens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The degree of protection from Marek's disease was dependent on the vaccine DOSE and route of inoculation
4436. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-IgG antibody avidity test for single sample serologic evaluation of measles vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 90 serum samples from children vaccinated in the past with two DOSEs and of 42 cord blood serum samples, none had LAI
- It is concluded that this test is a good tool for evaluating serologically the efficacy of a single DOSE schedule of measles vaccine
4437. High level of transgene expression in cell cultures and in the mouse by replication-incompetent adenoviruses harboring modified VAI genes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The intramuscular coinoculation of Ad-VAr and Ad-MLP-gD (a recombinant adenovirus vaccine expressing gD from the pseudorabies herpes virus) led to a 10-fold decrease in the protective DOSE of Ad-gD in mice
4438. Hepatitis B and breastfeeding.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4439. International clinical trials of HIV vaccines: II. phase I trial of an HIV-1 synthetic peptide vaccine evaluating an accelerated immunization schedule in Yunnan, China.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Fifty-five percent (100 microg DOSE) and 64% (500 microg DOSE) of subjects who received the vaccine produced binding antibody to the immunogen as determined by ELISA
4440. Systemic therapy of malignant melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It has recently been shown that adjuvant therapy of high-risk melanoma with large DOSEs of interferon-alpha 2b significantly prolongs relapse-free and overall survival, at the price of considerable toxicity
- Ongoing studies aim to define the optimum DOSE and duration of adjuvant interferon therapy
4441. Immunoresponse to hepatitis B vaccination and adherence campaign among injecting drug users.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After three DOSEs of vaccine the seroconversion rate, with antibodies against HBV, proved similar to the one obtained in another group of healthy men of same age, while the antibody titres against HBV were lower after the second and third DOSE of vaccine
4442. A simplified schedule to integrate the hepatitis B vaccine into an expanded program of immunization in endemic countries.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The second DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine and the first DOSE of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine were given simultaneously at age 6 weeks
- The second DOSE of DTP vaccine was given at age 3.5 months
- The third DOSE of DTP vaccine and the third DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine were given at age 5.5 months
4443. Protective vaccination of ferrets against canine distemper with recombinant pox virus vaccines expressing the H or F genes of rinderpest virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single inoculation with a vaccinia virus expressing the H and F genes of RPV was able to protect 60% of the vaccinated ferrets challenge exposed with a high DOSE of CDV
4444. Comparison of non parallel immunoassay curves resulting from mixtures of competing antigens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Relative potency is a measure that has been used for many years to summarize the comparison of DOSE-response curves in parallel line bioassays
4445. Allium sativum (garlic) treatment for murine transitional cell carcinoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Unfortunately, treatment-related death was also observed, requiring reduction in the total DOSE of AS
- Animals that received 5 weekly immunizations of AS (5 mg, 5 mg, 1 mg, 1 mg, and 1 mg; cumulative DOSE = 13 mg) had significantly reduced tumor incidence, tumor growth, and increased survival when compared with animals that received the saline control
- To determine whether systemic AS administration might be effective, orally administered AS was tested at DOSEs of 5 mg, 50 mg, and 500 mg per 100 mL of drinking water
4446. [A comparative study of the immunogenicity of a bacterial mass and of the cell membranes of Vibrio cholerae grown in vivo and in vitro].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4447. Volunteer studies investigating the safety and efficacy of live oral El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 vaccine strain CVD 111.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study, 25 healthy adult volunteers received a single DOSE of 10s colony-forming units of El Tor vaccine strain CVD 111, a derivative of El Tor Ogawa strain N16117 deleted in the virulence cassette
4448. Phase I trial of the SPf66 malaria vaccine in a malaria-experienced population in Southeast Asia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One adult volunteer developed an acute urticarial rash following the third DOSE
- Seroconversion to SPf66 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay occurred in 76% of volunteers receiving two or three DOSEs
4449. Feline leukaemia virus: a review of immunity and vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, these efficacy studies are often difficult to interpret for various reasons, including the small numbers of animals used; differences in challenge methods, vaccine strains and vaccine DOSE employed; and differences in postchallenge monitoring protocols.
4450. Protection of chimpanzees from high-dose heterologous HIV-1 challenge by DNA vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4451. Animal model of mucosally transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease: intravaginal and oral deposition of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in macaques results in systemic infection, elimination of CD4+ T cells, and AIDS.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Macaques developed high virus burdens and severe loss of CD4+ cells within 1 month, even when inoculated with only a single animal infectious DOSE of the virus by the intravaginal route
4452. Cross-protection among lethal H5N2 influenza viruses induced by DNA vaccine to the hemagglutinin.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In tests of the influence of promoter selection on vaccine efficacy, close correlations were obtained between immune responses and the DOSE of DNA administered, whether a cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early promoter or a chicken beta-actin promoter was used
4453. Vaccine failures after primary immunisation with Haemophilus influenzae type-b conjugate vaccine without booster.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The rapid implementation of routine infant vaccination with Hib polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate (PRP-T) vaccine has allowed us to assess whether an accelerated 2, 3, and 4 month schedule can protect in the longer term without a booster DOSE and whether carrier priming influences protective efficacy
- Paediatricians and microbiologists in the UK were asked to report all cases of invasive H influenzae infection in children who had received at least one DOSE of Hib-conjugate vaccine
- The estimated overall efficacy for three DOSEs of PRP-T was 98.1% (95% CI 97.3-98.7%)
- In infants aged 3-11 months, who received their first DOSE of PRP-T after tetanus toxoid vaccination, disease was unlikely from 1 week after one DOSE of PRP-T vaccine (88.6% protection in the second to fourth weeks [66.8-97.7%])
- A high degree of efficacy has been observed with PRP-T vaccine given as a three-DOSE schedule in infancy and with HbOC as a single DOSE in older children
4454. Bioactivity of autologous irradiated renal cell carcinoma vaccines generated by ex vivo granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene transfer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Patients were treated in a randomized, double-blind DOSE-escalation study with equivalent DOSEs of autologous, irradiated RCC vaccine cells with or without ex vivo human GM-CSF gene transfer
- No DOSE-limiting toxicities were encountered in 16 fully evaluable patients
4455. Measles reimmunization in children seronegative after initial immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the success of measles reimmunization in children without measles antibody after the initial DOSE of measles vaccine
- Children previously identified as measles antibody seronegative or equivocal after 1 DOSE of measles vaccine were entered into the trial and reimmunized
- After 2 DOSEs of measles vaccine, 98.2% of all subjects in this study were seropositive for measles antibody, despite the fact that almost 20% of children did not have measurable antibodies 4 to 11 years following a first DOSE
- These findings suggest that the current public health policy recommending a 2-DOSE measles immunization strategy, with the second DOSE given at school entry, will provide high levels of immunity in the community.
4456. Efficacy of an inactivated vaccine for prevention of reproductive failure induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This report describes the results of experiments with an inactivated oily vaccine containing per DOSE about 10(5.5) median tissue culture infectious DOSE (TCID50) of the Spanish strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus grown in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs)
4457. Field trial for reducing porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis in Mexico by systematic vaccination of pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Each animal was immunized with a DOSE of 150 micrograms of protein (antigenic extract from Taenia solium metacestodes) by the intramuscular route
4458. DNA immunization can stimulate florid local inflammation, and the antiviral immunity induced varies depending on injection site.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- immunization is DOSE-dependent and, although not uniformly successful, can induce very high levels of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, varying dependent on the vehicle in which the DNA is administered
- Immunity induced by DNA injection of the anterior tibial muscle significantly exceeds that induced following injection of the quadriceps muscle as judged by three criteria, namely CTL induction, decrease in virus titer following nonlethal challenge, and survival following a normally lethal challenge DOSE of virus
4459. Effect of Fusobacterium necrophorum leukotoxoid vaccine on susceptibility to experimentally induced liver abscesses in cattle.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The efficacy and the optimum DOSE of Fusobacterium necrophorum crude leukotoxoid vaccine required to immunize and protect steers against experimentally induced liver abscesses were evaluated
- Twenty-five steers were assigned randomly to the following five treatment groups: control; three DOSEs (1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mL) of the culture supernatant; and 2.25 mL of the concentrated supernatant (equivalent to 5 mL of the original supernatant)
- The titers in the vaccinated groups increased, more so after the second injection, and the increase was generally DOSE-dependent
4460. Efficacy of a monocomponent pertussis toxoid vaccine after household exposure to pertussis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Efficacy was 71% after 3 DOSE when the World Health Organization case definition of pertussis (which includes paroxysmal cough for 21 days or longer) was used
- In children who had received only two DOSEs at the time of household exposure, vaccine efficacy was 66% (95% confidence intervals 15% to 90%) based on 4 cases among 32 household-exposed recipients of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis toxoids vaccine and 13 cases among 35 household-exposed recipients of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids vaccine
4461. [Long-term experience with prophylactic BCG therapy of high risk patients with superficial bladder tumors].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In case of recurrence they made a second cure with high DOSE BCG
4462. [Not Available].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Booster injections of the virosomal vaccine 12 months after the initial DOSE increased anti-hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) antibody titres by 11- to 39-fold
4463. Adjuvant therapy for melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The demonstration of activity for adjuvant high-DOSE interferon alfa in a cooperative group trial resulted in Food and Drug Administration approval and has dramatically changed the melanoma landscape
4464. A comparative trial of standard or high-dose S subunit recombinant hepatitis B vaccine versus a vaccine containing S subunit, pre-S1, and pre-S2 particles for revaccination of healthy adult nonresponders.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A statistically significant difference was seen in the percentage of subjects who developed protective levels of anti-HBs (> or = 10 mIU/mL) with three 40-microg DOSEs of S subunit vaccine versus the other groups
- One hundred percent of the 40-microg DOSE group developed protective anti-HBs titers
4465. Protection provided by hepatitis B vaccine in a Yupik Eskimo population--results of a 10-year study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A total of 1630 susceptible persons in the Alaskan Native population were vaccinated with the recommended three-DOSE regimen of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine, and 94% demonstrated antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) at levels > or = 10 mIU/mL
- During the 10 years following the first DOSE of vaccine, 13 study participants developed antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (10 vaccine responders, 3 nonresponders), and none developed sustained HBs positivity or had clinical hepatitis
4466. Mumps surveillance in England and Wales supports introduction of two dose vaccination schedule.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Analysis of efficacy data for mumps vaccine indicates that mumps is unlikely to be eliminated with a single DOSE of vaccine at current coverage rates
- A second DOSE of vaccine, which is now being offered to preschool children, will reduce morbidity and should eventually eliminate mumps if coverage is high enough.
4467. [Efficacy and side effects following immunization with Salmonella typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It can also decrease the degree of fever with only one single DOSE as primary immunization
4468. The clinical efficacy of trivalent oral polio vaccine in The Gambia by season of vaccine administration.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine if a relationship existed between the failure of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to prevent poliomyelitis and the season when children were vaccinated, 46 children 1-7 years old with poliomyelitis who had received three card-documented DOSEs of OPV were compared with 260 controls who had also received three card-documented DOSEs
- Children with poliomyelitis were more likely to have received DOSEs in the rainy season (odds ratio describing the linear trend of each additional DOSE in the rainy season, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.9)
4469. A cost-benefit analysis of programmatic use of CVD 103-HgR live oral cholera vaccine in a high-risk population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three successive summer cholera outbreaks in northern Argentina and the licensing of the new single-DOSE oral cholera vaccine, CVD 103-HgR, raised questions of the cost and benefit of using this new vaccine
- Assuming a cost of US$602 per treated case and of US$1.50 per DOSE of vaccine, the total discounted savings from use of vaccine in the targeted groups would be US$132,100
4470. Systemic reactions in U.S. Marine Corps personnel who received Japanese encephalitis vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Marine Corps personnel who received 36,850 DOSEs of an investigational Japanese encephalitis vaccine was 10.3 per 10,000 DOSEs; reaction rates were 16.1 and 10.3 per 10,000 DOSEs for the first two DOSEs, and 2.0 per 10,000 DOSEs for the third
- Vaccine reaction intervals clustered within 48 hours for DOSE 1, but the median reaction interval for DOSE 2 was 96 hours
4471. Evaluation of the timing of the booster injection after a primary vaccination against hepatitis A.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the long-term efficacy and the timing of booster injection of a lyophilized, inactivated hepatitis A vaccine (HAV), we studied the acquired anti-hepatitis A virus titres in 45 subjects who received either two or three DOSEs of the vaccine
- With three DOSEs > or = 0.5 microgram administered at 0, 1 and 6 months, antibody titres increased to approximately half those seen in people with a history of natural hepatitis A infection
- A prompt antibody reaction was seen with two DOSEs administered 2 weeks apart, with the titres achieved being 5.6-fold the peak titres obtained by the inoculation of immune serum globulin
- All 33 subjects were antibody positive 18 months after the first injection, but some became seronegative by 30 months, suggesting that a third booster DOSE would be desirable at 18 months.
4472. A quantitative study of the efficacy of a deletion mutant bovine herpesvirus-1 differential vaccine in reducing the establishment of latency by wildtype virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Fourteen animals were vaccinated intramuscularly with 2 ml containing 10(7.4) CCID50 (cell culture infectious DOSE 50%) of IBRV (NG) dltkdlgC and challenged, along with six unvaccinated control animals, 30 days later with 10(8.2) CCID50 of WT BHV-1 (Cooper)
4473. Acellular pertussis vaccine: recommendations for use as the initial series in infants and children. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In 1991 and 1992, the US Food and Drug Administration approved two acellular pertussis vaccines combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids for use as the fourth and fifth DOSEs after the initial three-DOSE primary series with the standard whole-cell pertussis vaccine administered at 2, 4, and 6 months of age
- Based on these studies, two acellular pertussis vaccines, Tripedia (Connaught Laboratories, Swiftwater, PA) and ACEL-IMUNE (Wyeth-Lederle Laboratories, Pearl River, NY), were licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for the initial three-DOSE series
4474. Adjuvant modulation of immune responses to tuberculosis subunit vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The addition of IL-12 was found to amplify a Th1 response in a DOSE-dependent manner and promoted a protective immune response against a virulent challenge
4475. Field trial of a locally produced, killed, oral cholera vaccine in Vietnam.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Alternate households were assigned vaccine (67,395 people; two DOSEs per person) or no vaccine (67,058 people)
- Among the 51,975 people who received the complete two-DOSE vaccine regimen, the protective efficacy was 66% (46-79): in this subset, the protective efficacy was similar for children aged 1-5 years (68%) and for older people (66%)
4476. Comparison of the response to the recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B virus in dialyzed and nondialyzed children with CRF using different doses and routes of administration.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Therefore, to improve seroprotection, different strategies such as DOSE augmentation, vaccination at the predialysis stage, subcutaneous application, and using interleukin were tried, with unsatisfactory results
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the recombinant vaccine in children with CRF, in late as well as early phases, through the quantification of antibodies against the surface antigen in response to different DOSEs of the vaccine against HBV
- There were 103 patients who were assigned to three groups: (1) 25 patients with CRF in the early phase (undergoing pharmacological treatment only); (2) 67 patients with CRF in the late phase (treatment with peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis); (3) 11 patients with CRF in the early phase (undergoing low-DOSE pharmacological treatment only)
- The levels of antibodies are similar in groups 1 and 3 (with small DOSEs), which are similar to the complete DOSEs for an efficient immunity in children with chronic renal failure.
4477. Preparation and composition of acellular pertussis vaccines. Consideration of potential effects on vaccine efficacy.
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Harvard PubMed
- However, there was an apparent difference in the DOSE-response relationships between chemically and genetically toxoided vaccines which revealed a greater immunogenicity of the genetically inactivated material
4478. Minor adverse events in a comparative efficacy trial in Germany in infants receiving either the Lederle/Takeda acellular pertussis component DTP (DTaP) vaccine, the Lederle whole-cell component DTP (DTP) or DT vaccine. The Pertussis Vaccine Study Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccinees received four DOSEs (at three, four-and-a half, six and 15-18 months of age) of either DTP or DTaP vaccine or three DOSEs (at three, four-and-a half and 15-18 months of age) of DT vaccine
- Local reactions (erythema and induration) and systemic events (fever, fretfulness, drowsiness and anorexia) were more common after each DOSE of DTP vaccine than after the DTaP and DT vaccine DOSEs
- Erythema, induration and fever after the first two DOSEs of vaccine were more frequent in DT recipients than DTaP vaccinees
4479. Fish vaccine antigens produced or delivered by recombinant DNA technologies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, the requirements for safety, effectiveness, ease of application and low cost/DOSE restrict their commercial development for aquaculture
4480. Immunization with bacterial antigens: piscirickettsiosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To standardise challenge methods for testing the efficacy of vaccination, lethal DOSE 50% and infectivity DOSE 50% were determined for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (O
4481. Immunostimulation in the urinary bladder by local application of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton preparation (Rubratin) for superficial bladder cancer immunotherapy--a phase I/II study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Twelve patients with superficial papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (pTa, pT1) were treated with six consecutive weekly intravesical instillations of Rubratin (in a DOSE of 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 mg), a cell wall skeleton preparation of Nocardia rubra (NCW)
- This biological response modifier caused no local or systemic side effects at the DOSEs used
4482. BCG update: intravesical therapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Its main drawback, toxicity, is being addressed by several prospective studies that try to find the lowest active DOSE and optimal schedule, as well as by studies investigating the efficacy of antigenic bacterial fractions, devoid of the toxicity of the living bacilli
- In this review we discuss: (1) the indications, limits and contraindications of BCG; (2) the efficacy; (3) the strains; (4) route of administration; (5) DOSE; (6) schedule; (7) the problem of toxicity, and (8) how to improve BCG therapy.
4483. Immunotherapy with an alum-adsorbed Parietaria-pollen allergoid: a 2-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It is an aggressive allergen, and the DOSEs tolerated during immunotherapy are less than those achieved with grass pollen
- This factor increases the desirability of using therapeutic preparations with minimal IgE-binding activity, such as allergoids, in order to reduce the risk of side-effects and enable patients to tolerate a higher DOSE of allergen, thereby increasing the chances of successful specific immunotherapy
4484. A recombinant canarypox virus protects rabbits against a lethal rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Protection against a lethal RHDV challenge was demonstrated in rabbits inoculated twice with either high (10(7) p.f.u.) or low (10(5) p.f.u.) DOSEs of vCP309
- However, animals in the high DOSE group developed significantly higher antibody response
4485. Characterization of humoral immune responses induced by an influenza hemagglutinin DNA vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In mice injected intramuscularly with HA DNA, the magnitude of the immune responses generated, as measured by ELISA and hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies, was directly related to the amount of DNA injected and the number of DOSEs administered
- Complete protection from a lethal DOSE of influenza virus (A/PR/34), as judged by 100% survival and no weight loss, was conferred by as little as 1 microgram of DNA (given twice)
- Furthermore, mice injected with 10 to 100 micrograms DOSEs, when subsequently challenged with virus, showed no increase in HI titer and no production of antibodies directed against the challenge virus, suggesting a substantial inhibition of virus replication after challenge.
4486. Differential efficacy of lymphocyte- and monocyte-selective pretreatment with a type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor on antigen-driven proliferation and cytokine gene expression.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE-dependent downregulation of ragweed- and tetanus toxoid-driven proliferative responses was achieved by pretreatment of lymphocytes from peripheral blood with rolipram
4487. Chemoprophylaxis for group B streptococcus transmission in neonates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- as the first DOSE and then 2.5 million units q6h until delivery
- Ampicillin, in a dosage of 2 g as the first DOSE and then 1 g every 4-6 hours may be used as an alternative
4488. Vaccine efficacy of Salmonella strains expressing glycoprotein 63 with different promoters.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The development of Salmonella vaccine vectors has been hindered by both the requirement for multiple DOSEs to induce immune responses and a lack of plasmid stability
- major challenge to highly susceptible BALB/c mice, this required at least two oral DOSEs
- Spleen and lymph node cells from mice immunized with a single oral DOSE of GID105 proliferated in vitro in response to L
- Mice immunized with a single oral DOSE of GID1O5 or GID106 developed significantly smaller lesions upon challenge with L
4489. Comparative efficacy of Freund's and Montanide ISA50 adjuvants for the immunisation of goats against heartwater with inactivated Cowdria ruminantium.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The level of protection appears to be influenced by the DOSE of virulent C
4490. Efficacy of an antipathology vaccine in murine schistosomiasis administered with and without chemotherapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three control groups received the following treatment: group II received the same tolerizing DOSE of SEA without PZQ, group III received PZQ in the same DOSE and at the same timing
- PZQ in the DOSE used caused complete eradication of worms, disappearance of immature egg stages, decrease in the number of mature eggs and an increase in the number of dead eggs
- Although no statistically significant difference was recorded between the mean granuloma diameters of the experimental group receiving both the tolerizing DOSE of SEA and PZQ compared to the group receiving the tolerizing DOSE of SEA without chemotherapy, this experimental group showed the least associated histopathological parenchymal changes
4491. Comparative safety and immunogenicity of an acellular versus whole-cell pertussis component of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in Senegalese infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One month after the third DOSE, the geometric mean titres for FHA antibodies were higher in the DTaP group, whereas increases in PT antibody titres were higher in the DTwP group
4492. Effects of adjuvant, dose and carrier pre-sensitisation on the immunisation efficacy of a GnRH analogue.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An evaluation of adjuvant, DOSE and carrier pre-sensitisation was made
- Pre-sensitisation with tetanus toxoid had an initial marked effect on immunisation, observed following 2 drug DOSEs; the pre-sensitised animals showed a lower antibody response to the conjugate than did the non-primed animals
- However, as the number of drug DOSEs increased to 4, there was no significant difference between the primed and non-primed animals.
4493. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus intravesical interferon alpha-2b in patients with superficial bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We used a low DOSE of BCG combined with IFN alpha 2b to determine the safety and to assess the efficacy of this combination therapy
- A study of 12 patients with superficial bladder cancer evaluated the safety and efficacy of a combination of low-DOSE BCG and IFN alpha 2b, given weekly for 6 weeks
4494. Measles vaccine effectiveness and duration of vaccine-induced immunity in the absence of boosting from exposure to measles virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among 78 contacts 4 of 5 (80%) unvaccinated, 4 of 35 (11%) 1-DOSE vaccine recipients and none of 38 (0%) > 1-DOSE recipients developed measles
- Effectiveness of 1-DOSE vaccine was 86% (95% confidence interval, 60 to 95%)
- An additional DOSE significantly reduced the risk of measles (P = 0.048)
- A second DOSE of vaccine further reduced the risk for developing measles
4495. Impact of polymerase chain reaction on clinical pertussis research: Finnish and Swiss experiences.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This difference may be due to the booster DOSE of vaccine given at 2 years of age in Finland but not in Switzerland
4496. Elimination of measles in the Americas.
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Harvard PubMed
- Their findings support the use of a two-DOSE measles vaccination strategy
- In this editorial the author explains how a two-DOSE strategy lowers the incidence of primary and secondary vaccine failures and thus reduces the number of susceptible people to below the outbreak threshold
- Two-DOSE programs in Finland, Sweden and the United States have dramatically reduced the incidence rates of measles in those countries, and it is expected that the implementation of two-DOSE programs and "catch-up" campaigns in Canada and the remaining countries of the Americas will eliminate measles from the Western Hemisphere by the year 2000.
4497. Outbreak of measles in a highly vaccinated secondary school population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To examine the factors associated with measles vaccine effectiveness and the effect of two DOSEs of vaccine on measles susceptibility during an outbreak
- Risk of measles during an outbreak associated with age at first measles vaccination, length of time since vaccination, vaccination before 1980 and whether date of vaccination was estimated; vaccine efficacy of one DOSE versus two DOSEs
- The measles vaccination rate was 94.2%, and 10% of the students had received two DOSEs of measles vaccine before the outbreak
- Among those who had received only one DOSE of vaccine, vaccination at less than 15 months of age was associated with vaccine failure (relative risk 3.62, 95% confidence interval 2.32 to 5.66)
- Administration of a second DOSE of vaccine during the outbreak was not protective
- Two DOSEs of vaccine given before the outbreak conferred significant protection, and the relative risk of failure after one DOSE versus two DOSEs was 5.0 (95% confidence interval 1.25 to 20.15)
- Of the 87 cases, 76 (87%) could have been prevented had all the students received two DOSEs of measles vaccine before the outbreak, with the first at 12 months of age or later
- However, revising the timing of the current 12-month DOSE would leave children vulnerable during a period in which there is increased risk of complications
- The findings support a population-based two-DOSE measles vaccination strategy for optimal measles control and eventual disease elimination.
4498. A control-conditional test for assessing HIV vaccine efficacy in small sample preclinical studies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The control-conditional test is also generalized to allow the analysis of data from a differential DOSE design.
4499. Persistence of anti-HBs in children vaccinated against viral hepatitis B in the first year of life: follow-up at 5 and 10 years.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The results were analyzed according to the type of vaccine (both plasma-derived and DNA recombinant) and the number of DOSEs administered (three or four DOSEs)
- Moreover, in cohorts of children vaccinated with plasma derived vaccine (hevac B) 10 years earlier, a higher prevalence of subjects with anti-HBs protective levels was demonstrated when four DOSEs were administered (76.9%); a lower one when three DOSEs were inoculated (57.5%)
- In anti-HBs negative vaccinated subjects the appearance of levels of anti-HBs in 95.9% of subjects, 1 week after the administration of a booster DOSE, demonstrates the presence of a solid immunologic memory.
4500. A gE deleted infectious bovine rhinotracheitis marker vaccine for use in improved bovine herpesvirus 1 control programs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The minimum vaccine DOSE, vaccination regimen, route of administration and duration of immunity were evaluated for both vaccines in comprehensive vaccination/challenge trials in cattle
4501. Immunogenicity and safety of a live attenuated varicella vaccine (Oka/SB Bio) in healthy children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Seroconversion rates were 98.6% after a single DOSE
4502. Acellular pertussis vaccines developed in Japan and their application for disease control.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Reactogenicity was much less than with whole cell pertussis vaccines: Fever > or = 38 degrees C occurred in 2%-4% of vaccinees; there was little redness > or = 5 cm in diameter at the vaccination site with the first DOSE but occurred in 7%-8% of vaccinees with subsequent DOSEs
4503. Failure of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B-derived vaccine to prevent infection of chimpanzees by an HIV-1 subtype E strain.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine whether the HIV-1-specific immunity elicited might also prevent infection by a strain of HIV-1 from a different clade, the same chimpanzees were given booster inoculations with the rgp160-MN/LAI (recombinant hybrid gp160 molecule) and V3-MN immunogens and then were challenged by intravenous inoculation of a comparable DOSE of a subtype E HIV-1 from the Central African Republic
4504. Immunization with DNA vaccines encoding glycoprotein D or glycoprotein B, alone or in combination, induces protective immunity in animal models of herpes simplex virus-2 disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE-titration studies showed that low DOSEs (< or = 1 microgram) of either DNA construction induced protective immunity, and that a single immunization with the gD construction was effective
4505. A cost-effectiveness analysis of typhoid fever vaccines in US military personnel.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Currently 3 vaccine preparations are available in the US: an oral live Type 21A whole cell vaccine; a single-DOSE parenteral, cell subunit vaccine; and a 2-DOSE parenteral heat-phenol killed, whole cell vaccine
- The most cost-effective vaccine for US military personnel is the single-DOSE, cell subunit parenteral vaccine.
4506. Cytokines and tumor vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Based on the proven efficacy of adoptive and active immunotherapeutic approaches of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, a phase II trial was started in 1989 using autologous, Newcastle disease virus modified and lethally irradiated tumor cell vaccines in combination with low-DOSE recombinant interleukin-2 (1.8 million U) and recombinant interferon-alpha 2a (1.0 million U) for a surgical adjuvant treatment
- Although this was not a prospective randomized trial, we can summarize that the surgical adjuvant treatment of autologous tumor vaccines in combination with low-DOSE cytokines may improve relapse-free and overall survival in patients with locally advanced renal cell cancer.
4507. Adjuvancy and reactogenicity of N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl-dipeptide (GMDP) orally administered just prior to trivalent influenza subunit vaccine. A double-blind placebo-controlled study in nursing home residents.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A GMDP DOSE dependent increase in systemic, but not in local, vaccine side-effects was observed
4508. Evaluation of SPf66 malaria vaccine during a 22-month follow-up field trial in the Pacific coast of Colombia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A total of 1257 subjects completed the full three DOSE vaccination schedule on days 0, 30 and 180 (643 vaccinated group/623 placebo group) and were followed-up by passive and active surveillance over a period of 22 months
4509. Tick-borne encephalitis: development of a paediatric vaccine. A controlled, randomized, double-blind and multicentre study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Efficacy was determined on the extent to which children, vaccinated with the low DOSEs (0.4 microgram or 0.75 microgram), reacted by developing antibodies in the same way as adults treated with the approved DOSE of 1.5 micrograms (equivalence of titres)
- The titres obtained in the children with the two lower DOSEs were equivalent to those in the adults obtained with the standard DOSE
- The frequency of side-effects in the two lower DOSE groups, especially raised temperature, was markedly reduced
- Whereas 30.1% of the children vaccinated with the approved DOSE had raised temperature higher than 38 degrees C only 18.8% and 18.4%, respectively, of the children vaccinated with the lower DOSEs developed such temperatures
4510. Antibodies to diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis in infants before and after immunization with DTP (Triple Antigen) vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4511. Protection against lethal viral infection by vaccination with nonimmunodominant peptides.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Antiviral protection was evaluated by measuring three parameters: survival after inoculation of a lethal DOSE of mouse-adapted PR8 virus, percentage of pulmonary lesions in surviving mice, and virus clearance from lungs of infected mice
4512. Booster vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus in man. Comparison of three different vaccine formulations--III.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Adverse reactions and antibody levels were compared following a booster vaccination of 177 Danish military recruits with a plain, an aluminium hydroxide (0.5 mg Al per human DOSE, HD) and a calcium phosphate (0.25 mg Ca per HD) adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus (D-T) vaccine
- The calcium phosphate adsorbed vaccine was given in a HD of 3 Lf of D and T toxoids and proved to be of equal efficacy as the aluminium hydroxide adsorbed vaccine which was injected in a DOSE containing twice the antigen amount
- Potency assays in mice were in accordance with these immunogenicity results in man if a two DOSE immunization schedule was followed, but not if the vaccines were compared after a single immunization as requested by the procedure for potency testing according to current WHO and European Pharmacopoeia requirements
4513. International bank for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine: assessment of Montanide ISA 25 and ISA 206, two commercially available oil adjuvants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Local reactions at the site of inoculation were not observed in cattle vaccinated intramuscularly, even following a booster DOSE
- Pigs vaccinated intramuscularly only showed local reactions if the volume administered exceeded the 2.0 ml DOSE or the animals received a second vaccination
4514. Field trials of a formulation containing moxidectin and 6 in 1 vaccines for sheep.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The formulation was safe to administer; occasional minor tissue reactions were evident, but no other adverse effects of treatment were observed in either pregnant ewes or lambs, using either the recommended DOSE, or an overDOSE of the formulation
4515. Efficacy of SF 68 in the treatment of acute diarrhea. A placebo-controlled trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a double-blind randomized trial we compared the effect of SF 68 strain in a DOSE of 150 x 10(6) colony-forming units three times a day for 5 days compared with placebo on the duration of diarrhea in 211 adults
4516. Safety evaluation of SPf66 malaria vaccine in Brazil.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The frequency and description of side effects secondary to the subcutaneous application of SPf66 malaria vaccine and placebo are reported for each DOSE of application in the participants of the vaccine efficacy trial in Brazil
- Side effects evaluated two hours after each application were detected in 8.0%, 30.2% and 8.8%, for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd DOSE, respectively, in the SPf66 group, and in 7.0%, 8.5% and 2.9% in the placebo group
- Among vaccinees, local side effects after the 2nd DOSE were more frequent in females
- Systemic side effects were expressed mainly through general symptoms referred by the participants and were most frequent after the 1st DOSE in both groups (4.3% in the SPf66 group and 3.0% in the placebo group)
- No severe adverse reactions were detected for either DOSE of application or group.
4517. Comparison study of the immunogenicity and safety of 5- and 10-microgram dosages of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in healthy infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A prospective randomized comparison of 5- and 10-micrograms DOSEs of Engerix-B recombinant hepatitis B vaccine given to infants at 2, 4 and 6 months of age
- A total of 190 healthy infants were screened and received the first DOSE of vaccine
- Both dosages proved to be highly immunogenic, producing high seroconversion and seroprotection rates and geometric mean anti-HBs concentrations after 3 DOSEs
4518. Results of a phase I trial of a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE-escalation protocol was devised for three concentrations
4519. Hepatitis B vaccination in HIV-1-infected children: double efficacy doubling the paediatric dose.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4520. Group A rotavirus veterinary vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The variable success of maternal rotavirus vaccines in the field is influenced by vaccine DOSE, strain, inactivating agent, adjuvant, route of administration, and environmental rotavirus exposure levels
4521. Review of rotavirus vaccine trials in Finland.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All vaccines showed DOSE-dependent immunogenicity
4522. Pharmacology of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from fetal rat muscle expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4523. [Trial of prevention of severe Haemophilus influenzae type b infections and trial of tolerance, after PRP-T vaccination, in the Val-de-Marne region].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Infants less than 6 months were given three DOSEs whereas those between 6 and 12 months received only two DOSEs, and children over 1 year of age received one DOSE
- The immunogenicity of the conjugate vaccine was assessed after three DOSEs in 100 infants under the age of 6 months
4524. An efficacy trial of a malaria vaccine in Gambian infants and comparison with insecticide-treated bednets.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Overall, 630 children, aged 6-11 months at the time of the first DOSE, each received three DOSEs of SPf66 or inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
4525. Antimicrobial resistance issues of the future.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4526. Oral application of romurtide, a synthetic muramyl dipeptide derivative, stimulates nonspecific resistance to microbial infections and hematopoiesis in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- injection of the compound at a DOSE of 0.1 mg per mouse, oral application required DOSEs of 3 and 10 mg per mouse for stimulating the nonspecific resistance to infection and hematopoiesis, respectively.
4527. Comparison of the efficacy of replication-defective adenovirus and Nyvac poxvirus as vaccine vectors in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Several DOSEs ranging from 10(2.9) to 10(8.9) TCID50, depending on the vaccines were tested
- Adenovirus was found better only for the 10(7.9) TCID50 DOSE, when inoculated i.m
- Intranasal vaccination appeared efficient only with the adenovirus vector for the TCID50 10(8.9) DOSE.
4528. Intranasal stimulation of long-lasting immunity against aerosol ricin challenge with ricin toxoid vaccine encapsulated in polymeric microspheres.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- High titers of anti-ricin IgG2a were stimulated in the serum of mice with one or two DOSEs of RT-Ms 6 weeks postimmunization
- At 6 weeks postimmunization, a single DOSE of the RT-Ms stimulated secretory IgA (sIgA) in the lungs of four of six mice, but a second immunizing DOSE did not enhance the stimulation
- A single DOSE of aqueous RT vaccine failed to stimulate sIgA in the lungs, while, a second DOSE induced sIgA in 50% of the mice
- DOSEs of RT-Ms protected most of the mice against lethal aerosol-delivered ricin toxin 6 weeks postimmunization
- In contrast, protection was absent or marginal after one or two DOSEs of aqueous RT vaccine
- In both studies, the protection against lethal aerosol challenge was significantly better with one DOSE of RT-Ms than with two DOSEs of aqueous vaccine, which may be attributed to the induction of sIgA in the lungs and the serum
- The geometric mean IgG2a titers stimulated with two DOSEs of RT-Ms remained high during 40 weeks postimmunization and were up to 25 times higher than the titers induced with aqueous RT vaccine
- After 6 weeks, the IgG2a induced by two DOSEs of aqueous vaccine was no longer detectable
- At 1 year postimmunization with two DOSEs of RT-Ms, 100% of mice were protected against lethal ricin challenge
- However, at the same time no protection was afforded by two DOSEs of aqueous RT
4529. V beta 17 T cell receptor peptide vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis: results of phase I dose escalation study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 15 patients with moderate to severe RA were given an intramuscular injection of one of 4 DOSEs (10, 30, 100, and 300 micrograms) of the V beta 17 peptide vaccination, followed by a booster injection of the same DOSE of vaccine 3 weeks later
4530. Response to the hepatitis B virus vaccine in haemodialysis patients: influence of malnutrition and its importance as a risk factor for morbidity and mortality.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three-DOSE vaccination series with recombinant hepatitis B virus vaccine
4531. Engineered deltaguaB-A deltavirG Shigella flexneri 2a strain CVD 1205: construction, safety, immunogenicity, and potential efficacy as a mucosal vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Following inoculation of the conjunctival sac of guinea pigs (Serény test) at high DOSEs (10(9) CFU per eye), both strains evoked minimal, short- lived conjunctival inflammation, which was significantly milder with strain CVD 1204
- Double mutant deltaguaB-A deltavirG (also called icsA) strain CVD 1205 induced, after a single intranasal DOSE, high mucosal immunoglobulin A antilipopolysaccharide titers, which were significantly boosted further following a second DOSE of vaccine given 14 days later
4532. Duration of protection and age-dependence of the effects of the SPf66 malaria vaccine in African children exposed to intense transmission of Plasmodium falciparum.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The estimated vaccine efficacy [VE] for all clinical episodes over a period of 18 months after the third DOSE is 25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1%-44%; P = .044)
4533. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of Plasmodium falciparum repeatless circumsporozoite protein vaccine encapsulated in liposomes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine was formulated in liposomes with either a low or high DOSE of 3-deacylated monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and administered with alum by intramuscular injection
- One high-DOSE MPL vaccine formulation recipient developed a CSP-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response
4534. Safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of one and three doses of the tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine in infants in Lima, Peru.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At 2, 3, and 4 months of age, infants received either a DOSE of RRV-TV, an initial DOSE of vaccine followed by a DOSE of placebo at 3 and 4 months, or a DOSE of placebo
- Rotavirus-specific IgA responses were detected by ELISA in 75% of the three-DOSE vaccine group, 59% of the one-DOSE vaccine group (P = .05), and 24% of the placebo group (P < .001): 64%, 48%, and 12% of each group, respectively, had a neutralizing antibody response to at least 1 serotype
- Both one and three DOSEs of vaccine failed to induce a significant level of protection against rotavirus diarrhea; however, they did provide some protection (range, 35%-66%) against more severe rotavirus diarrhea, especially for episodes caused by type G1.
4535. Influenza vaccination of children during acute asthma exacerbation and concurrent prednisone therapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Fifteen children in the control group and 12 in the prednisone group received a booster DOSE according to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines
- Adverse effects noted within 48 hours after vaccine DOSE were ascertained during the follow-up visit
- Children who received a booster DOSE and the subgroup of children with low prevaccination titers (< or = 3log2) showed similar patterns
4536. Vaccinations for travelers: new technology, new vaccines, new strategies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The ultimate goal is one single injection (or, even better, oral DOSE, but this is difficult to achieve) in childhood, and another when subjects such as travelers start to expose themselves to specific infectious risks.
4537. Standardized method of aerosol challenge for testing the efficacy of Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- By contrast, results were less severe and less consistent when DOSEs of up to 10(8) color-changing units (CCU) were injected directly into the abdominal air sacs
- However, under the conditions of these experiments, this DOSE did not produce significant gross or histologic lesions in the trachea.
4538. Delayed-type hypersensitivity in palmoplantar pustulosis: effect of cyclosporin A treatment on skin testing with recall antigens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We studied in a double-blind manner whether clinically effective DOSEs of cyclosporin A in palmoplantar pustulosis would diminish delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in vivo
- The results do not support the view that the efficacy of low-DOSE cyclosporin A in dermatological disorders can be entirely explained by cyclosporin A's inhibitory actions on effector T-cells.
4539. [Immunoprophylaxis of rabies: current recommendations].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunoglobulins are used at the DOSE of 20 IU/kg for human immunoglobulins and at 40 IU/kg for horse immunoglobulins
4540. Efficacy of a temperature-sensitive modified-live bovine herpesvirus type-1 vaccine against abortion and stillbirth in pregnant heifers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Seventeen to 26 days after members of the vaccinate group received a second DOSE of vaccine, all heifers were artificially inseminated
4541. Properties of practical oral liposome-Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase vaccines for effective induction of caries protection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4542. The use of Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine mixed with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine in Gambian infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In preparation for an efficacy trial of PRP-T Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine, 251 Gambian infants were randomized to receive three DOSEs of PRP-T and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccines at 2, 3 and 4 months of age, either by separate injections, or combined in the same syringe
- One month after the third DOSE, there was no difference between anti-PRP levels in those infants who received the vaccines separately (GMT 5.83 micrograms ml-1), and those who received the vaccines combined (GMT 5.57 micrograms ml-1)
4543. Recombinant subunit vaccines as an approach to study correlates of protection against primate lentivirus infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Envelope gp 160 vaccines, when used in a live recombinant virus-priming and subunit-protein-boosting regimen, protected macaques against a low-DOSE, intravenous infection by a cloned homologous virus SIVmne E11S
4544. Activation of an interleukin-4 mRNA-producing population of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after infection with Mycobacterium bovis or vaccination with killed, but not live, BCG.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The data suggest that IL-4 is turned off during the immune response to live BCG, that boosting of low-DOSE live BCG vaccine may be required to 'imprint' this signal and that this may be important in the development of protective immunity to tuberculosis
4545. Evaluation of live attenuated influenza vaccines in children 6-18 months of age: safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Program and the Wyeth-Ayerst ca Influenza Vaccine Investigators Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A total of 182 seronegative subjects received a single intranasal DOSE (10(6.2) TCID50) of ca A/Kawasaki/9/86 (H1N1) or ca A/Los Angeles/2/87 (H3N2), both as a bivalent vaccine, or placebo
4546. Enhanced immune priming with spatial distribution of paracrine cytokine vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In addition to antigen DOSE and cytokine level, the distribution of vaccine inoculation was found to have a significant impact on vaccine potency
4547. Immunologic priming of young children by pneumococcal glycoprotein conjugate, but not polysaccharide, vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During a 12-month period we determined the kinetics of pneumococcal IgG antibody in 60 children who received primary immunization with one DOSE of bivalent (serotypes 6A and 23F) pneumococcal polysaccharide-CRM197 vaccines at 18 to 30 months of age
4548. A flagella-less mutant of Borrelia burgdorferi as a live attenuated vaccine in the murine model of Lyme disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The DOSE protecting 50% of mice was 10(3.8) and 10(5.2) for live and killed cells, respectively (P < .05).
4549. A Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharide (CP) vaccine and CP-specific antibodies protect mice against bacterial challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE of 2 x 10(5) CFU of S
- with a sublethal DOSE of 5 x 10(4) CFU per mouse
4550. [Vaccination against influenza in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Each DOSE of Wyeth USA subunit trivalent influenza vaccine contained 15 micrograms of hemagglutinin of strains recommended for that season
4551. Effect of MDP-Lys(L18) as a mucosal immunoadjuvant on protection of mucosal infections by Sendai virus and rotavirus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- (300 micrograms mouse-1) or intranasally (i.n., 100 micrograms mouse-1) various days before Sendai virus infection (2.6 x 10(4) HAD mouse-1), all the mucosal administration of MDP-Lys(L18) significantly protected a lethal infection of Sendai virus, showing a DOSE-dependent manner
4552. Immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of an oral rabies vaccine (SAG-2) in dogs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4553. [Annual testing of immunity in foxes after oral rabies immunization].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine contained 1.8 x 10 of rabies vaccination virus, strain SAD-Bern, in a vaccination DOSE
- to a great depth to both masticatory muscles (musculus masseter) at a total DOSE of 10,000 MICLD50
4554. Influence of the mouse Bcg, Tbc-1 and xid genes on resistance and immune responses to tuberculosis infection and efficacy of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- On the basis of median survival time (MST) of mice following infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, Bcg gene did not control resistance to the lethal DOSE of H37Rv infection in non-vaccinated and Myco
- However, Bcgr allele, in comparison with Bcgs allele, determined more effective suppression of an early multiplication in spleens of H37Rv mycobacteria after a low DOSE (5x10(4) colony-forming units (CFU)) injection
- I/St mice (Tbc-1s), supersusceptible to H37Rv infection, were not able to restrict the growth of H37Rv mycobacteria in spleens, even following infection with a low DOSE (5x10(4)), but restricted the growth of Myco.bovis BCG more effectively than Bcgs mice.
4555. Treatment of microscopic pulmonary metastases with recombinant autologous tumor vaccine expressing interleukin 6 and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase suicide genes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccine efficacy was significantly reduced in animals pretreated with high-DOSE cyclophosphamide
4556. Financial evaluation of vaccination and testing alternatives for control of parvovirus-induced reproductive failure in swine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For initial model assumptions (test sensitivity and specificity = 0.95; test cost = $5/female; vaccination cost = $0.30/DOSE; vaccination efficacy = 0.95; and foregone gross margin = $10.85/pig), vaccination of all females (with or without serologic testing) was preferable, but the financially preferable option was to omit serologic testing
- For most herds in the United States, serologic screening for PPV prior to selection of a vaccination program is unlikely to be cost-effective, because vaccination is inexpensive ($0.30/DOSE) and effective (95%)
4557. Long-term duration of detectable neutralizing antibodies after administration of live-attenuated VEE vaccine and following booster vaccination with inactivated VEE vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- From January 1976 to December 1990, 821 laboratory workers at the USAMRIID were vaccinated with a single 0.5 ml subcutaneous (s.c.) DOSE of TC-83; 128 were boosted with a single 0.5 ml s.c
- DOSE of C-84
- However, a single DOSE vaccine that is more immunogenic and less reactogenic is needed.
4558. Immune response to a booster dose of enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine administered in association with HBV vaccine in adolescents.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a booster DOSE of enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine (EIPV) were evaluated in 492 healthy 12 year old adolescents
- The polio booster DOSE did not affect HBV vaccination
- These data confirm the suitability and efficacy of an EIPV booster DOSE and HBV vaccination in adolescents.
4559. The utilisation of hepatitis A vaccine 1992-1994.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- paediatric and one DOSE courses have been rapidly assimilated by practitioners into their practice
4560. Protection against lethal simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsmmPBj14 disease by a recombinant Semliki Forest virus gp160 vaccine and by a gp120 subunit vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All macaques were challenged with a 100% infectious, 75% fatal DOSE of SIV-PBj14-bc13 at week 26
4561. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) gp130 oligomers protect rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) against the infection with SIVmac32H grown on T-cells or derived ex vivo.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three other monkeys were infected with 5 x 10(8) PFU of vaccinia virus wild type (VV-wt) while three additional animals received an equivalent DOSE of VV expressing the gp130 of SIVmac (VV-gp130)
4562. Immunogenicity, safety and protective efficacy of one dose of the rhesus rotavirus vaccine and serotype 1 and 2 human-rhesus rotavirus reassortants in children from Lima, Peru.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a four cell trial, a single 10(4) plaque-forming unit DOSE of rhesus rotavirus (RRV) vaccine (serotype G3), a human rotavirus-rhesus rotavirus reassortant vaccine with serotype G1 specificity, a similar vaccine with serotype G2 specificity, or a placebo was administered with buffer orally at 2 months of age to 800 Peruvian infants
- We conclude that one DOSE of 10(4) p.f.u
- Future studies need to explore whether higher vaccine DOSE and/or more than one DOSE would increase the immunogenicity and efficacy of the rotavirus vaccine, especially in developing countries with a high level of baseline rotavirus antibodies.
4563. Two different dosages of yeast derived recombinant hepatitis B vaccines: a comparison of immunogenicity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4564. Immunogenicity and efficacy of a killed hepatitis A vaccine in day care center children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The objective of this study was to characterize the immune response of children after the use of two different vaccine DOSEs and to evaluate whether vaccination benefits children attending day care centers in areas with high anti-HAV seroprevalence
- Two groups of 20 children, all seronegative for hepatitis A antibodies, were assigned randomly to receive three times 0.5 and 1.0 ml of the vaccine, the second and third DOSE 1 and 6 months after the first DOSE, respectively
4565. Pentavalent pneumococcal oligosaccharide conjugate vaccine PncCRM is well-tolerated and able to induce an antibody response in infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Serum samples were taken before each DOSE and 1 month after the third DOSE
- Pneumococcal type 18C induced a significant antibody increase after the first DOSE, whereas the other five oligosaccharides, including H
- influenzae type b oligosaccharides, induced an increase after the second or third DOSE
4566. Comparative analysis of six European influenza vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Although all vaccines are required by health authorities to contain 15 micrograms haemagglutinin per DOSE of each virus strain, there were significant differences in haemagglutination titres among the examined vaccines of both types
4567. Accelerated schedule of hepatitis B vaccination in high-risk youth.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Serology was performed prior to immunization and 3 months after the third DOSE
4568. Hepatitis A vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One hundred percent seroconversion occurs after a series consisting of a primary DOSE and a second booster shot 6-12 months later
4569. The protective effect of immunologic boosting against zoster: an analysis in leukemic children who were vaccinated against chickenpox.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The rate of zoster in 511 leukemic recipients of varicella vaccine who had 1 or > 1 DOSE of varicella vaccine and in those who did or did not have a household exposure to varicella was determined
- A Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis revealed that the incidence of zoster was lower in those given > 1 DOSE of vaccine (P < .05)
- A Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that both household exposure to varicella and receipt of > 1 DOSE of vaccine were highly protective (P < .01) against zoster
4570. Efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine in early childhood after household exposure.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the efficacy of a three-DOSE primary vaccination with a diphtheria-tetanus tricomponent acellular pertussis vaccine against "typical" pertussis, defined as a spasmodic cough of 21 days or longer with confirmation of Bordetella pertussis infection by culture or serology
4571. Immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of tetravalent rhesus-human, reassortant rotavirus vaccine in Belém, Brazil.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus (RRV-TV) vaccine (4 x 10(4) plaque-forming units/DOSE) was evaluated for safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 540 Brazilian infants
- DOSEs of vaccine or placebo were given at ages 1, 3 and 5 months
- No significant differences were noted in the occurrence of diarrhoea or vomiting in vaccine and placebo recipients following each DOSE
- Low-grade fever occurred on days 3-5 in 2-3% of vaccinees after the first DOSE, but not after the second or third DOSEs of vaccine
- There were 91 cases of rotavirus diarrhoea among the 3-DOSE (vaccine or placebo) recipients during two years of follow-up, 36 of them among children given the vaccine
4572. DNA immunization of newborn mice with a plasmid-expressing nucleoprotein of influenza virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Newborn mice immunized with NPV1 plasmid developed significant cytotoxic immunity, comparable to the immune response displayed by adult mice injected with the same DOSE of plasmid
4573. Does the response to hepatitis B vaccination predict CAPD-associated infections?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Engerix was given intramuscularly in a DOSE of 40 micrograms at 0, 1, 2, and 6 months
4574. Responsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine in immunocompromised patients by doubling the dose scheduling.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The rate of seroconversion after vaccination was highest (82.3%) among the recipients of three 20-micrograms DOSEs (i.e
- double the conventional DOSE for healthy adult) at 0, 1 and 2 months (group II)
- The response was satisfactory (80%) among the recipients of three 20-micrograms DOSEs at 0, 1 and 6 months (group III) but was lowest with the single DOSE schedule of three 10-micrograms DOSEs at 0, 1 and 2 months (group I)
- Seroconverters from all the three groups received a booster DOSE (each equal to his scheduled DOSE) at 12 months
- In conclusion, a schedule of double the conventional DOSE of the vaccination for healthy adults at 0, 1, 2, and 12 months seems to give a better seroconversion and higher response to the HB vaccine, but a further large-scale study is needed to confirm this finding and also to look into the difference in response between male and female, younger and older patients and the difference in response between HD and PD patients.
4575. Parameters potentially affecting interpretation of immunogenicity and efficacy data in vaccine trials: are they adequately reported?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Primary factors (vaccine DOSE, number of DOSEs, dosing interval, site of injection, vaccine route), as well as secondary factors (age, race, medical status, handling and manufacturing of the vaccines and concomitant drug use during vaccination)
- Eighty percent reported the actual vaccine DOSE used and the number of DOSEs administered
- Seventy percent reported the interval between DOSEs
4576. Validation of the combined toxin-binding inhibition test for determination of neutralizing antibodies against tetanus and diphtheria toxins in a vaccine field study in Viet Nam.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Preliminary results obtained with the ToBI test in DPT field trials indicate that a fourth DOSE of DPT vaccine one year after the third DOSE should be considered by developing countries.
4577. Potency tests of diphtheria, tetanus and combined vaccines. Suggestion for a simplified potency assay.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two diphtheria-tetanus vaccines (DT), adsorbed to either aluminium hydroxide or calcium phosphate but identical with respect to toxoid origin and amounts, were compared in full potency assays in mice according to the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) and in a reduced potency assay in guinea-pigs using a double DOSE immunization schedule
4578. Efficacy of a recombinant fowl pox-based Newcastle disease virus vaccine candidate against velogenic and respiratory challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Studies in specific-pathogen-free birds indicated that inoculation of a single DOSE of the recombinant led to the induction of significant levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody that were maintained to 8 wk postinoculation
4579. Effectiveness of a jet injection system in administering morphine and heparin to healthy adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Plasma drug concentrations provided by the Biojector were equivalent to those provided by conventional needle and syringe when administering intramuscular morphine and low-DOSE subcutaneous heparin.
4580. Protective immunity to Schistosoma mansoni induced in the olive baboon Papio anubis by the irradiated cercaria vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A lower attenuating DOSE of 20 krad., optimal for vaccination of mice, was less effective
4581. Safety and efficacy of high-dose rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccines--report of the National Multicenter Trial. United States Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this randomized, double-blind trial, 1278 healthy infants ages 5 to 25 weeks received three oral DOSEs of RRV serotype 1, RRV-TV, or a placebo at approximately 2, 4, and 6 months of age
- The incidence of reactions did not differ among treatment groups during the 5-day, postvaccination safety surveillance period for any of the three DOSEs
4582. [Mumps: efficacy of booster immunization].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The efficacy of a second DOSE of mumps vaccine was demonstrated in 9/10 children
- Only by using a two-DOSE immunization schedule is it possible to effectively avoid the occasionally serious complications of this viral infection, as has been achieved in Finland.
4583. A review of the current status of enteric vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two inactivated oral cholera vaccines, consisting of inactivated Vibrio cholerae O1 bacteria alone or in combination with B subunit of cholera toxin, each conferred 50-53% protection over three years in a field trial in Bangladesh where subjects were immunized with a three-DOSE regimen
- An engineered live oral cholera vaccine, strain CVD 103-HgR, has been shown in extensive clinical trials to be well tolerated by children and adults in less developed countries and highly immunogenic following administration of just a single oral DOSE; a large-scale field trial of the efficacy of this vaccine is underway
- In experimental challenge studies in volunteers, a single DOSE of CVD 103-HgR confers significant protection against challenge with wild-type V
4584. A follow-up study of combined vaccination with plasma-derived and recombinant hepatitis B vaccines in infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The high-risk infants received four DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 1, 2 and 12 months of age with five different schedules
- Group A1 and A2 infants were vaccinated with PDV as the first DOSE and RV (SB vaccine for group A1, MSD vaccine for group A2) as the remaining three DOSEs
- Group B1 and group B2 infants were vaccinated with PDV as the first two DOSEs and RV (SB vaccine for group B1, MSD vaccine for group B2) as the remaining two DOSEs
- Group C infants received four DOSEs of PDV
- To ensure an optimal immune response, four DOSEs of vaccine are recommended in high-risk infants when two types of vaccine are to be used in combination.
4585. Protection of ruminants by Pasteurella haemolytica A1 capsular polysaccharide vaccines containing muramyl dipeptide analogs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To improve CP immunogenicity, vaccines were prepared with 1.0 mg CP DOSE-1 with and without the synthetic adjuvant, muramyl dipeptide (MDP; range 0.2-1.0 mg) or a lipophilic derivative, MDP-sn-glyceryl-dipalmitoyl (MDP-GDP; range 0.1-1.0 mg)
4586. Serum and colostrum antibody responses induced by jet-injection of sheep with DNA encoding a Cryptosporidium parvum antigen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The plasmid DNA was used to immunize preparturient ewes at three DOSE levels by jet-injection into either hind limb muscle (IM) or mammary tissue (IMAM)
- Regardless of route of injection, a DOSE-dependent anti-CP15/60 immunoglobulin response was observed in sera and colostrum from sheep immunized with pCMV-CP15/60 plasmid DNA
4587. Preventing hepatitis A infections in travelers to endemic areas.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Active immunization with a single DOSE of inactivated hepatitis A virus vaccine appears to provide greater protective efficacy and, based on the persistence of vaccine-induced protective antibodies, should provide protection for years
- Booster DOSEs given between six and 12 months are likely to provide immunity that may persist for at least a decade
4588. Evaluation of effectiveness of mouse brain inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced in India.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mean N-antibody titres of 3.25 (pre-booster) and 3.6, 2.8, 2.06, 1.85 and 1.50 log10 were observed post-booster, and 1,2,3, and 4.5 yr of immunization in volunteers who received complete immunization (3 DOSEs)
- Similarly mean N-antibody titres of 1.6, 3.25, 2.4, 2.25, 1.92 and 1.60 log10 were observed pre-booster, after a single booster DOSE, and 1,2,3 and 4.5 yr of vaccination in individuals who received only a single booster DOSE
- Ten serum samples of volunteers tested after 7.5 yr of vaccination showed that those who were in constant contact with JE virus (n = 7) in the laboratory maintained high levels of N-antibody whereas others (n = 3) showed a fall in titre indicating the necessity of a booster DOSE.
4589. Measles vaccination policy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Using this result in an analytical mathematical model we find that the optimal age to administer a single DOSE of vaccine to children, which is independent of vaccine coverage, lies within the range 11-19 months
- The possible gains from two-DOSE vaccination schedules are explored with respect to both coverage and efficacy
- A two-DOSE schedule will be beneficial, in principle, only when there is a need to increase net vaccine efficacy, after coverage has been maximized with a one-DOSE schedule.
4590. Use of plasmid DNA for direct gene transfer and immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Although the efficiency of gene transfer in normal mouse muscle is low (< 100 fibers per injection site), both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are obtained after the expression of a transferred gene, and these are DOSE dependent
4591. A new typhoid vaccine composed of the Vi capsular polysaccharide.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of 25 micrograms of the purified polysaccharide was given by intramuscular injection
- Vi polysaccharide is a well-standardized antigen that is effective in a single parenteral DOSE, is safer than whole-cell vaccine, and may be used in children 2 years of age or older.
4592. [Comparative study of the immunogenicity of the inactivated hepatitis A vaccine Hep-A-in-vac from experimental and clinical data].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Comparative analysis of the specific activities of various batches of Hep-A-in-Vac vaccine showed that the immunologic efficacy of the agent directly depended on the content of hepatitis A virus antigen in the vaccine DOSE
- Assessment of the immunogenic properties of Hep-A-in-Vac prepared using improved technology indicates that Russian vaccine injected three times in a DOSE containing at least 40 U EIA ensures 87.5% seroconversion in adult seronegative volunteers with the mean geometrical titer of antibodies to hepatitis A virus equal to 683 mIU/ml.
4593. [Attempts to develop a vaccine against Ebola fever].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Antiviral immunity induced in guinea pigs by injection of inactivated viral agents did not protect them from infection, whereas injections of a nonlethal strain of the virus in ascending DOSEs led to the formation of immunity preventing the development of disease upon inoculation with a lethal strain in high DOSEs
4594. Synthetic delivery system for tuberculosis vaccines: immunological evaluation of the M. tuberculosis 38 kDa protein entrapped in biodegradable PLG microparticles.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination of mice with a single DOSE of antigen-loaded microparticles resulted in specific IgG titres peaking after five weeks comparable to those achieved after vaccination with protein emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA)
4595. A comparison of Plague vaccine, USP and EV76 vaccine induced protection against Yersinia pestis in a murine model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The median lethal DOSE (MLD) of a pathogenic strain of Yersinia pestis was established by three routes of administration in three strains of mouse
- EV76 protected against high challenge DOSEs (up to 5.75 x 10(6) MLD), though immunized animals showed side effects of varying severity
- The killed vaccine was less effective in terms of DOSE-protection (deaths occurred after challenge with 4000 MLD) and several of the vaccinated animals suffered sub-lethal, plague-related sequelae to the challenge.
4596. A modified Shigella volunteer challenge model in which the inoculum is administered with bicarbonate buffer: clinical experience and implications for Shigella infectivity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE response was evaluated in an additional seven naive subjects who were inoculated with a log lower (1.4 x 10(2) c.f.u.) S
4597. Highly attenuated SIVmac142 is immunogenic but does not protect against SIVmac251 challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All macaques were challenged intravenously with a low DOSE (10 animal infectious DOSEs) of a highly pathogenic biological clone of SIVmac251 grown on macaque PBMCs
4598. Evaluation of immunogenicity and tolerance of single dose haemophilus influenzae type B (PRP-T) vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4599. Reassessment of frequency of occurrence of typhoid fever and cost efficacy analysis of antibiotic therapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Its single DOSE effect with long lasting immunity indicates it probable usefulness in the eradication of disease.
4600. [The optimization of the use of economic resources for vaccination against hepatitis B in professionals in the health area].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In order to optimize the employment of financial resources to be allocated for hepatitis B vaccination programs involving health care workers, two different aspects were studied: the need of a pre-vaccination screening and the efficacy of low-DOSEs schedules of HBV vaccine by the intradermal (ID) route
- Regarding the schedules, 3 DOSEs of HBV vaccine by the intramuscular (IM) route (group A) were compared to first DOSE by the ID route and second and third DOSEs by the IM route (group B) and to first and second DOSEs by the ID route and the last DOSE by the IM route (group C)
- After the third DOSE, soroconversion rates in groups A and B (92% and 93%, respectively) and geometric mean titers of antiHBs (1278 UI/L and 789.6 UI/L) were similar, and both were different from group A (p < 0.05), showing that alternative vaccination schedules may be cost-effective.
4601. Parameters related to the application of recombinant ovine interleukin-1 beta as an adjuvant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE-response relationship was established using the intramuscular route, and significant adjuvant activity was observed following delivery of 10 or 100 micrograms of the cytokine delivered either in PBS or in combination with alum
- Similar DOSEs of rovIL-1 beta also showed adjuvant activity when delivered via the subcutaneous route
4602. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in the United States: no evidence of elevated risk after simultaneous intramuscular injections of vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4603. [Calmette-Guerin bacillus in the prophylaxis of superficial bladder tumors. Our experience and our doubts].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of our BCG DOSE and schedule for prophylactic therapy in superficial bladder tumors
- The ideal DOSE, treatment schedule and its mechanism of action are as yet unknown.
4604. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a rotavirus immunization program for the United States.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Given a vaccine efficacy rate of 50% and a vaccine cost of $30 per DOSE, an RV immunization program would prevent more than 1 million cases of RV diarrhea, 58,000 hospitalizations, and 82 deaths per year
4605. Comparative study of the immunogenicity and safety of two dosing schedules of hepatitis B vaccine in neonates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE of 2.5 micrograms of recombinant HB vaccine was given at birth, two, and six months of age (group A) or two, four, and nine months of age (group B)
- Blood samples were taken one month after the third vaccine DOSE in groups A (seven months of age) and B (10 months of age), and a second follow-up blood sample was taken at the age of 18 months for all three groups
- The recombinant HB vaccine is safe and immunogenic when given in three DOSEs of 2.5 micrograms in either regimen, but delay of the booster DOSE of the vaccine until nine months after birth produced a higher immune response.
4606. [Efficacy of the administration of serum amd vaccine for the antirabies treatment of experimentally-infected sheep].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Initially, 26 sheep received an intramuscular injection of a suspension of virus (titre: 10(6.8) 50% lethal DOSE for mice by the intracerebral route)
4607. Prevention of Helicobacter pylori infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- If it is the family and close contacts, is it all family members and contacts, or are there some ages, relationships, or clinical characteristics that increase the risk of transmission to the patient after successful treatment of their infection? In preventing reinfection, the available data suggest: the natural infectious DOSE has not been determined infection may occur from oral or faecal shedding children are more infectious than adults socio-economic factors are important in any comparison of infection rates food and water seem unlikely vehicles in the developed world travel in the third world may increase risk of infection seropositivity in adults predominantly reflects exposure in childhood infection is frequently with more than one strain reinfections are not more frequent in families with other members infected reinfections are infrequent with strains different from the original strain reinfection might be more frequent in developing countries no need for all family members to be treated to reduce reinfection rates
4608. Initial clinical studies of CVD 112 Vibrio cholerae O139 live oral vaccine: safety and efficacy against experimental challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- No subject who received the 10(6) DOSE had diarrhea or other severe symptoms after vaccination; 3 vaccinees developed mild diarrhea (mean stool volume, 648 mL) after receiving the higher DOSE
4609. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a prototype Campylobacter killed whole-cell vaccine in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mice were orally immunized in a three-DOSE primary series (48-h intervals) at DOSEs of 10(5), 10(7), or 10(9) CWC vaccine particles alone or in combination with 25 micrograms of a mucosal adjuvant, the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT)
- Colonization resistance was induced over a broad range of vaccine DOSEs when LT was included
- However, only the highest DOSE of CWC alone gave comparable levels of protection
4610. Screening and vaccination for hepatitis B in Hong Kong University students.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Ninety-eight percent of those eligible had the first DOSE of vaccine, and more than 96% completed the full course of three vaccinations
4611. Herpesvirus of turkey recombinant viruses expressing infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) VP2 immunogen induce protection against an IBDV virulent challenge in chickens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the IBDV challenge, a good protection against mortality and bursal gross lesion was observed in vHVT002-vaccinated chickens: 100% with 10(5) PFU DOSE and 60% with 10(4) PFU DOSE; in contrast, only a weak level of protection was achieved after vaccination with vHVT001
4612. Efficacy trial of malaria vaccine SPf66 in Gambian infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 630 children, aged 6-11 months at time of the first DOSE, received three DOSEs of SPf66 or injected polio vaccine (IPV)
- In The Gambia, protection against clinical attacks of malaria during the rainy season after immunisation in children 6-11 months old at time of the first DOSE was not achieved.
4613. Oral immunization of pigs with viable or inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 induces pulmonary and systemic antibodies and protects against homologous aerosol challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE-defined aerosol infection of pigs was used to study the immunogenic and protective potentials of oral immunization with dead or live Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 reference strain CVI 13261 against an aerogenic challenge
- Pigs were vaccinated with a single DOSE of 10(11) CFU of viable (n = 8) or inactivated (n = 8) A
- After 3 weeks, vaccinated pigs and nonvaccinated controls were challenged aerogenically with a DOSE of 10(8) CFU of A
4614. Selection of a single amino acid substitution in the hemagglutinin molecule by chicken eggs can render influenza A virus (H3) candidate vaccine ineffective.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine was poorly immunogenic; it induced antibodies that were cross-reactive prior to challenge but which, postchallenge with a lethal DOSE of the MDCK cell-grown reassortant virus, were targeted primarily to the HA Lys-156 variant, were of the immunoglobulin M isotype, were nonprotective, and were derived from the spleen
4615. Humoral immunity to aerosolized staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a superantigen, in monkeys vaccinated with SEB toxoid-containing microspheres.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Both vaccinated and nonvaccinated monkeys were then challenged with a high lethal DOSE of SEB aerosol
- Monkeys primed with an intramuscular DOSE of the microspheres followed by an intratracheal booster all survived the SEB challenge
4616. Bulging fontanelle after supplementation with 25,000 IU of vitamin A in infancy using immunization contacts.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One hundred and sixty-seven infants received three DOSEs of either 25,000 IU of vitamin A or a placebo at about 6.5, 11.8 and 17.0 weeks of age
- Of these 12 episodes, none occurred with the first DOSE, 3 occurred with the second and 9 with the third DOSE
- The higher incidence of bulging of the fontanelle in the vitamin A group relative to the placebo group and its temporal association with the vitamin A DOSEs are suggestive of a causal association
- The finding that increased numbers of vitamin A DOSEs were associated with a higher probability of bulging of the fontanelle suggests a cumulative effect.
4617. [The relationship between the immunological efficacy of a dried meningococcal group-A polysaccharide vaccine and the molecular parameters of the group-A polysaccharide].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4618. Efficacy of SAD (Berne) rabies vaccine given by the oral route in two species of jackal (Canis mesomelas and Canis adustus).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three different vaccine DOSEs were used: 10(6.3), 10(6.8) and 10(7.5) median tissue culture infectious DOSEs
- One group of jackals was challenged with a lethal DOSE of jackal-derived rabies virus 1 mo after vaccination and a second group 12 mo after vaccination
- All challenged jackals resisted a lethal DOSE of rabies virus, whereas three control jackals given the same challenge succumbed to rabies.
4619. Mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated school population. Evidence for large-scale vaccination failure.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A second DOSE of mumps vaccine, as recommended using measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, could potentially prevent similar outbreaks in secondary school populations in the future.
4620. Characterization of a recombinant pneumolysin and its use as a protein carrier for pneumococcal type 18C conjugate vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The conjugates were nontoxic for mice and guinea pigs at 100 micrograms per DOSE
- A single DOSE of either of the vaccines elicited a rise in immunoglobulin G antibody production; after two booster injections of the vaccines, statistically significant booster responses (P < 0.001) to both rPL and PS18C were produced
4621. [The response to hepatitis B vaccine prior to orthotopic liver transplantation].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This was a prospective trial, with 34 patients (20 M and 14 F), that received a double DOSE (40 micrograms) of HBV surface proteic Ag, on the 0th, 30th and 60th days of the study and posterior control of anti-HBs levels
- If there wasn't a response, they received two more DOSEs on the 90th and 120th days
- Previous HBV active immunization in OLT patients with double DOSE in a quick sequence, determined a positive response in a high number of patients with a higher rate of seroconversion than in other studies
4622. Tuberculin testing: placement and interpretation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- If a significant amount of the DOSE leaks from the injection site or the injection is administered subcutaneously, the test should be repeated immediately at another site
4623. Control of group C meningococcal disease in Australian aboriginal children by mass rifampicin chemoprophylaxis and vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In October, 1990, or shortly thereafter, 473/509 children aged between 1 and 15 years inclusive had one DOSE of Mencevax AC
- Although uncrowded housing is a basic need, mass chemoprophylaxis and two DOSEs of vaccine for children should be used in similar outbreaks.
4624. The protective efficacy of cloned Moraxella bovis pili in monovalent and multivalent vaccine formulations against experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Within 4 weeks of the second vaccine DOSE vaccinated calves and non-vaccinated controls were challenged via the ocular route with either virulent M
4625. The efficacy of a live Listeria monocytogenes combined serotype 1/2a and serotype 4b vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After challenge, the mortality rate of vaccinated sheep was 28.1% and that of controls 71.9%; that of lambs was 25.0%, although these had been inoculated with the LD70 DOSE
4626. Timing and dose of BCG vaccination in infants as assessed by postvaccination tuberculin sensitivity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The standard DOSE of BCG vaccine is 0.1mg in 1 ml though manufacturers of certain strains of BCG, i.e., Copenhagen 1331 recommend half DOSE in infants
4627. Immunotherapy of a plasmacytoma with attenuated salmonella.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Timing of salmonella inoculation, as well as the salmonella DOSE, had an effect on treatment efficacy
- The highest DOSE (2 x 10(6)) of salmonella was less effective than DOSEs 10- or 100-fold lower
4628. Five-year results of a phase II study with low-dose bacille Calmette-Guerin therapy in high-risk superficial bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Until now, optimal treatment schedule and optimal DOSE have not been defined
- As suggested by Pagano's group, we used BCG in a lower DOSE than hitherto usual in our high-risk cancer patients
- Treatment-related toxicity did not appear to be lower at a lower DOSE of BCG
- Low-DOSE BCG therapy is also an effective treatment in high-risk T1 bladder cancer (especially with maintenance therapy and short-term evaluations of the patients always by the same controlling physician) to prevent progression and recurrence and to preserve bladder function.
4629. Influenza A virus vaccines containing purified recombinant H3 hemagglutinin are well tolerated and induce protective immune responses in healthy adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Neutralizing hemagglutinin-specific antibody responses to 15 micrograms of rHA0 were comparable to those elicited by licensed vaccine, not enhanced by the addition of alum, and significantly increased by raising the rHA0 DOSE from 15 to 90 micrograms
4630. Routine hepatitis B vaccination in a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 1386 patients entering an inner-city clinic between June and July 1990, 611 (44%) accepted a first DOSE of vaccine
- Twenty-one percent of all susceptible patients received at least two DOSEs of vaccine
4631. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a meningococcal group B (15:P1.3) outer membrane protein vaccine in Iquique, Chile. Chilean National Committee for Meningococcal Disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Volunteers received two DOSEs of vaccine six weeks apart by jet injector
- The IgG antibody response by ELISA was characterized by a large booster effect after the second DOSE, followed by a substantial drop in antibody levels by 6 months
4632. Defining surrogate serologic tests with respect to predicting protective vaccine efficacy: pertussis vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The antibody response to pertussis toxoid was DOSE dependent
4633. Reduced seroconversion to measles in infants given vitamin A with measles vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, simultaneous high-DOSE vitamin A may interfere with seroconversion to live measles vaccine in infants with maternal antibody.
4634. [Vaccination against hepatitis B virus. Value of intradermal administration in dialysed patients non responsive to intramuscular approach].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Our experience in 20 dialysis patients shows that repeated low-DOSE intradermal injections resulted in long-term seroprotection in a substantial number of dialysis patients non-responsive to the intramuscular vaccinations.
4635. [Long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in children with chronic renal failure].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We conclude that in case of decrease in antibody titer below 100 mIU/ml the booster DOSE of vaccine is indicated.
4636. Towards eradication of measles virus: global progress and strategy evaluation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A realistic age structured model, validated using extensive serological data, is used to compare the merits of single or two DOSE strategies
- Based upon recent estimates of vaccine efficacy (90%) and coverage (92% by end of second year of life) it is suggested that a two-DOSE policy with a pre-school second DOSE given irrespective of vaccine history is required to prevent the build up of susceptibles to epidemic proportions in the longer term
4637. Long-term efficacy of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine and risk of natural infection in infants born to mothers with hepatitis B e antigen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Group A (53 infants) and group B (57 infants) received four DOSEs of HB vaccine at birth and at 1, 2, and 12 months of age, with a DOSE of 20 micrograms in group A and 10 micrograms in group B
- Group C (61 infants) received three 20 micrograms DOSEs of HB vaccine at birth and at 1 and 6 months of age
- We conclude that the long-term protection afforded by recombinant HB vaccine is satisfactory and that a further booster DOSE before 5 years of age is not necessary.
4638. Protection of immunocompromised mice against lethal infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa by active or passive immunization with recombinant P. aeruginosa outer membrane protein F and outer membrane protein I fusion proteins.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- GST-OprF-OprI protected the mice against a 975-fold 50% lethal DOSE of P
- The immune rabbit sera protected severe combined deficient (SCID) mice against a 1,000-fold 50% lethal DOSE of P
4639. Serpulina hyodysenteriae challenge of fattening pigs vaccinated with anadjuvanted bivalent bacterin against swine dysentery.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All vaccinated pigs seroconverted, as measured by indirect ELISA, and had a good anamnestic response after the second vaccine DOSE
4640. New approaches to hepatitis A and B vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two injections of a standard DOSE of HAVRIX (SB) by the intramuscular route, or even a single injection using a higher DOSE (HAVRIX 1440), will achieve protective levels of antibodies
4641. Reduced provirus burden and enhanced humoral immune function in AZT-treated SCID-feline mice inoculated with feline immunodeficiency virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Treatment of these mice with AZT at a DOSE of 125 mg kg-1 day-1 in drinking water beginning 1 day prior to FIV inoculation and continuing throughout the study interval prevented the dual detection of provirus in feline lymph node and thymus grafts of all mice tested
4642. Evaluation of rhesus rotavirus monovalent and tetravalent reassortant vaccines in US children. US Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A total of 1006 healthy infants between 4 and 26 weeks of age were enrolled, and 898 received three DOSEs of vaccine or placebo
- Reactogenicity was determined by comparing the incidence of fever, diarrhea, and/or vomiting for 5 days after each DOSE of vaccine
- Relative efficacy was determined by comparing the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis after three DOSEs of vaccine or placebo over two rotavirus seasons
- Adverse reactions were mild and limited to a small but significant increase in the incidence of fever after the first DOSE of tetravalent but not monovalent vaccine
4643. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of live attenuated Vibrio cholerae O139 vaccine prototype.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Bengal-3, Bengal-15, and VRI-16 were evaluated as oral single-DOSE cholera vaccine candidates in 4 volunteers each, and MO10 was given to 3 volunteers
- Subsequently, Bengal-15 was given to 10 volunteers at a DOSE of 10(8) colony-forming units
4644. Clinical and immunologic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal infection in North American volunteers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- cholerae O139 Bengal can cause severe diarrhea typical of cholera, with clinical characteristics and a DOSE-response similar to those seen with V
4645. Predicting the impact of measles vaccination in England and Wales: model validation and analysis of policy options.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Explorations of a variety of changes to current vaccination strategy favour a 2-DOSE schedule with the second DOSE administered at age 4 years irrespective of vaccination history
4646. Evaluation of the protective efficacy of a serotype 1 bovine-human rotavirus reassortant vaccine in infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Subjects were randomized to receive either placebo or WI79-9 virus vaccine at 10(7.3) plaque-forming units in three oral DOSEs each separated by 2 months
- Subjects were followed for 7 days after each DOSE for occurrence of adverse events and during the subsequent winter for development of rotavirus gastroenteritis
- Administration of WI79-9 virus vaccine was well-tolerated, and the rates of low grade fever after each DOSE were no higher in vaccine recipients (8 to 21%) than in placebo recipients (14 to 19%)
4647. Efficacy study of a new albumin-free human diploid cell rabies vaccine (Lyssavac-HDC, Berna) in 100 severely rabies-exposed Thai patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All patients also received human rabies immune globulin and vaccine was administered using the conventional 5-DOSE intramuscular schedule of one DOSE on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28
4648. A new method for active surveillance of adverse events from diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis and measles/mumps/rubella vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The effect was limited to the third DOSE of vaccine for which the attributable risk (all ages) was 1 in 12,500 DOSEs
- 67% of admissions for a convulsion 6-11 days after MMR vaccination were attributable to the measles component of the vaccine (risk 1 in 3000 DOSEs)
- An excess of admissions for a convulsion 15-35 days after MMR vaccination was found only for vaccines containing the Urabe mumps strain (1 in 2600 Urabe DOSEs)
- The estimated absolute risk of 1 in 24,000 DOSEs was 5 times that calculated from cases passively reported by clinicians
4649. Efficacy of low dose intradermal recombinant hepatitis B vaccine with and without immunomodulation in end stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4650. Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy of the Whole-Cell/Recombinant B Subunit (WC/rBS) Oral Cholera Vaccine Against Travelers' Diarrhea.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Methods: Two DOSEs of vaccine (or placebo) were administered 10 days apart immediately after arrival in Mexico
- Protective efficacy (PE) against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea was 50% (95% CI, 14-71%), beginning 7 days after the second DOSE of WC/rBS
- However, 74% of ETEC cases occurred within 7 days of the second DOSE, when no efficacy was demonstrated
4651. Efficacy of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in pre- and postexposure conditions in marmosets.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In part 1 (preexposure), 7 marmosets received a single low DOSE of vaccine (360 ELISA units [EL.U.]) and were challenged orally with wild type hepatitis A virus (HAV) either 1 or 6 months later
- In part 2 (postexposure), 8 marmosets were challenged orally with HAV and then half each were inoculated with a single DOSE of 360 or 1440 EL.U
- The suboptimal immune response elicited by the low vaccine DOSE in the preexposure group was sufficient to induce complete protection against oral challenge with heterologous HAV in all marmosets that had responded serologically
- DOSE of vaccine resulted in partial protection against hepatitis A disease, whereas the 1440-EL.U
- DOSE of vaccine elicited complete protection against disease and virus excretion.
4652. Measles in infants: a review of studies on incidence, vaccine efficacy and mortality in east Africa.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Further studies are needed on the effects of a two-DOSE schedule vaccinating at 6 and 9 months, which in mathematical modelling shows considerable benefit
4653. A reduced dose approach to hepatitis B vaccination for low-risk newborns and preschool children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The effectiveness of a 2.5 micrograms DOSE of the hepatitis B vaccine (B-Hepavac II) was compared with that of 5 micrograms in 587 low-risk neonates and 777 preschool children of age 3-8 years
- irrespective of the DOSE received.
4654. [Primary response to tetanus toxoid stimulation in early infancy].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The authors attempt to evaluate the degree of immune response to the first DOSE of anti-tetanus vaccination in young infants and to study the correlation between maternal and infantile antitetanus antibody titers
- Three samples of peripheral venous blood were collected for each infant: 1 at time 0, and the other two during the 15 days after the administration of the first DOSE of tetanus toxoid
- This underlines the importance of vaccinating pregnant women who, for various reasons, have not been immunised so as to prevent infantile tetanus and to allow the possibility of delaying, if necessary, the administration of the first DOSE of toxoid in infants without the risk of short-term toxoinfection.
4655. Risk factors for measles and vaccine efficacy during an epidemic in Montreal.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The two-DOSE schedule could reduce the proportion of vaccinated persons who remain susceptible.
4656. Immunogenicity of purified duck embryo rabies vaccine (Lyssavac-N) with use of the WHO-approved intradermal postexposure regimen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, when the volume of each DOSE was increased from 0.1 mL to 0.2 mL and the same schedule of administration was followed, satisfactory titers were obtained
4657. Ten year longitudinal study of efficacy and safety of purified chick embryo cell vaccine for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies in Indian population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the Phase II, from 1984-85, 56 persons with proven rabid animal bites were given post-exposure vaccination and all had satisfactory antibody titres with mean titre of 4.45 I.U./ml after 6th DOSE of vaccine and with minimal side reactions
4658. Low-dose bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy in superficial high-risk bladder cancer: a phase II study with the BCG strain Connaught Canada.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate low-DOSE bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, with the Connaught Canada strain, in patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma (STCC) of the urinary bladder
- Of 25 eligible patients, 84% had complete responses after the initial cycle with low-DOSE BCG and had stable disease
- The results of this study suggest that low-DOSE BCG with the strain Connaught Canada can be successfully used in the treatment of patients with high-risk STCC
4659. Safety and effectiveness of the new inactivated hepatitis A virus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The recommended DOSE for adults is 720 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units in a 1.0-mL DOSE and for children 360 ELISA units in a 0.5-mL DOSE, injected intramuscularly
- The usual schedule is three serial DOSEs, the second given 1 month and the third 6 to 12 months after the initial DOSE
- In healthy persons who have received two DOSEs, the seroconversion rate is almost 100%
- Protective efficacy after two DOSEs is estimated to be 94%
4660. Comparison of the efficacy of Brucella suis strain 2 and Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 live vaccines against a Brucella melitensis experimental infection in pregnant ewes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- melitensis infection was evaluated by clinical and bacteriological examination of ewes vaccinated conjunctivally with a DOSE of 1 x 10(9) c.f.u
4661. Compliance with immunization against hepatitis B. A pragmatic study in sexually transmitted disease clinics.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This paper compares the compliance rates (CR) for the third DOSE of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine given according to one of two vaccination schedules among subjects attending two sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, and the potential influence of place of vaccine administration (STD clinic or at a vaccination centre)
- About 31% (103/331) of the subjects received at least three vaccine DOSEs
- On assessing the CR at the 3rd DOSE in all randomized subjects, we observed that administration of the vaccine at the STD clinic attended (A) was associated with a significantly better CR (p < 0.01) than that of the subjects referred to a vaccination centre (B), while the CR is not affected by the schedule
- On the other hand, the 0-1-2-12 schedule was associated with a significantly better CR (p = 0.02) at the 3rd DOSE than the 0-1-6 month schedule among subjects who comply with the first two DOSEs; the actual site of vaccine administration (in situ (A) versus referred (B)) does not affect the CR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4662. The role of adjuvant therapy in melanoma management.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Multi-institutional trials also are examining the adjuvant role of interferon-alpha in patients with deep (> 3 mm) primary melanomas or positive regional lymph nodes; results should reveal its optimum DOSE and duration of treatment (3 x 10(6) U for > or = 2 years versus 10 x 10(6) U/m2 for 1 year, subcutaneously 3 times a week) and its impact on survival
4663. Evaluation of a low-dose intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (Tokyo strain) therapy for superficial bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To examine whether intravesical instillation of low-DOSE bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy is effective with low toxicity, we reviewed data for 111 patients with superficial bladder cancer (stages Ta and T1)
- The patients were divided into two groups by instillation DOSE of BCG (Tokyo 172 strain): 40 mg (n = 55) and 80 mg (n = 56), and statistically compared for recurrence, antitumour effect and toxicity
- The mean instillations were done 8.4 times in the 40 mg DOSE group and 8.6 times in the 80 mg DOSE group
- Among 47 patients with a previous treatment episode, those receiving the 80 mg DOSE demonstrated a significantly longer recurrence-free interval than those given the 40 mg DOSE (p = 0.03)
- Among the 27 patients without previous treatment no significant difference in recurrence-free intervals was found between the two DOSE groups
- The recurrence index was also significantly reduced after BCG therapy in the 80 mg and 40 mg groups and similar antitumour effects for Ta or T1 tumours were observed in the two DOSE groups
- The degree of toxicity due to BCG therapy was significantly (p = 0.02) lower with the 40 mg DOSE
- The present study suggests that (1) a 40 mg BCG low-DOSE (Tokyo 172 strain) regimen is useful for preventing recurrence, with sufficient therapeutic efficacy and low frequency of toxicity, among patients without a previous treatment, and (2) prophylactic effects with the 80 mg DOSE regimen are much superior for previous treatment cases.
4664. Passive immunotherapy in neonatal calves--II. The efficacy of a J5 Escherichia coli hyperimmune plasma as immunotherapy in neonatal calves.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two- to three-day-old calves (N = 150) were randomized into three groups (n = 50) to receive (1) no plasma (NP) or (2) control (traces or no J5 antibody) bovine plasma (CP), or (3) hyperimmune bovine anti J5 plasma (HP) in two subcutaneous total DOSEs of 10 ml kg-1 body weight at a 24 h interval
- Our results suggest that this lot of hyperimmune J5 plasma at this DOSE was not superior to control plasma or to no intervention in terms of calf morbidity and mortality.
4665. Bacterial meningitis in developing countries.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4666. Long-term efficacy of active postexposure immunization of infants for prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. United States-People's Republic of China Study Group on Hepatitis B.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, among 27 infants who received passive-active immunoprophylaxis with high-DOSE hepatitis B immune globulin, only 60% (11/19) had protective antibody levels
4667. Practical approaches to the prevention and treatment of adverse reactions to BCG.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Clinical trials are currently investigating whether the prophylactic use of tuberculostatic agents, such as isoniazid, or DOSE reduction in BCG can prevent adverse effects without impairing the antitumour efficacy of BCG.
4668. Improving the efficacy of BCG immunotherapy by dose reduction.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a previous phase II trial, a low-DOSE regimen (BCG Pasteur strain, 75 mg) was able to achieve clinically significant response rates with a decrease in side-effects compared with other reported studies using standard-DOSE BCG
- However, a phase III randomized trial--low DOSE versus standard DOSE (BCG Pasteur strain, 75 vs
- 150 mg)--was considered necessary to clarify definitively the relationships between DOSE, efficacy and toxicity
- The results of the interim analysis of 183 patients (performed in 1993) have shown response rates to be better in patients submitted to a low-DOSE BCG regimen (p = 0.0009) and a significant decrease in most of the common side-effects (cystitis, fever, haematuria; p < 0.05)
- 62% in low-DOSE and standard-DOSE regimens, respectively, p = 0.5)
- In T1M and CIS stages, 82 and 0 (p = 0.07), and 64 and 0% (p = 0.0003) of patients were free of tumour following low-DOSE and standard-DOSE therapy, respectively
4669. Improving the safety of BCG immunotherapy by dose reduction. Cooperative Group CUETO.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The primary aim of the trial was to determine whether or not lowering the DOSE of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) could reduce toxicity without compromising efficacy
- However, in patients with superficial bladder cancer with high risk of recurrence and progression (carcinoma in situ and G3), caution must be exercised in selecting the DOSE.
4670. Extension of the volunteer challenge model to study South American cholera in a population of volunteers predominantly with blood group antigen O.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two El T or Inaba strains and 2 El Tor Ogawa strains were given to volunteers at a DOSE of 1-2 x 10(6) colony-forming units
4671. Measles in Jordan: a prototype of the problems with measles in developing countries.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- No booster DOSEs were recommended
- Although the current measles immunization strategy has decreased the mortality and morbidity rates, we propose that the continuing occurrence of outbreaks necessitates the addition of a booster DOSE after 15 months of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4672. Immunisation against HSV-1 keratitis with a synthetic gD peptide.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4673. Avoiding missed opportunities for immunization in the Central African Republic: potential impact on vaccination coverage.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For measles, 46% of the potential increase depends on recognizing that an earlier DOSE of the vaccine was invalid and on revaccinating
4674. Randomized, controlled trial of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (Sabin) starting at birth in Ghana.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The test group received TOPV as currently recommended, and the DOSE at birth was omitted for the control group
4675. Motivation for hepatitis B vaccine acceptance among medical and physician assistant students.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Nearly all (99%) of the eligible students had received at least one DOSE of the HBV vaccine
4676. [Genetic aspects of BCG vaccination in experimental tuberculosis].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The following genetic systems H-2 (B10.M)(H-2f) and B10.SM (H-2v) congenics were not protected with a high DOSE of BCG vaccine); Xid (X-linked immunodeficiency) CBA/N mice were not protected with regularly protective DOSEs of BCG vaccine; Tbc-1 (I/St mice (Tbc-1s) were hypersensitive to tuberculosis
4677. [The influence of hepatitis B vaccine dose on direct results of hepatitis B vaccination in children with nephrotic syndrome].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the first phase of the study on the efficacy of vaccination against hepatitis B with a double DOSE of the vaccine in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (NS), the best results were obtained in the group of patients in remission of NS
- The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of standard and double DOSEs of the vaccine in patients in remission
- according to the 0, 1, 2 month protocol in a standard DOSE in group I and a double DOSE in group II
4678. Long-term immunogenicity and efficacy of a reduced dose of plasma-based hepatitis B vaccine in young adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A cohort of seronegative preclinical medical and dental students and another cohort of seronegative national service recruits who were immunized intramuscularly with a reduced DOSE (10 micrograms) of plasma-based hepatitis B vaccine (Merck, Sharp & Dohme) at the start of the study and at 1 month and 6 months thereafter were followed up for 5 years and 6 years, respectively
4679. Efficacy trials with tissue-culture grown, inactivated vaccines against chlamydial abortion in sheep.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Trial 1 tested the adjuvants Marcol 52/Arlacel A, ISCOM matrix, Novasomes and Alhydrogel, each administered with a total antigen DOSE of 4 micrograms chlamydial protein (cp), against challenge with the two homologous vaccine strains
- In Trial 2, ISCOM matrix containing 16 micrograms cp per DOSE was administered once or twice
- The double DOSE schedule, which was better than the single DOSE and also several Novasomes formulations tested concurrently, gave PIs of 64 and 77% against the two challenges (combined value 71.5%)
- Trial 3 studied duration of immunity over two lambing seasons using three different administration schedules of 16 micrograms cp in ISCOM matrix, namely single DOSE in year 1, single DOSE in year 2 (Group 1), double DOSE then booster (Group 2), and double DOSE without booster (Group 3)
4680. Adjuvant effect of low-dose interleukin-2 on antibody response to influenza virus vaccination in healthy elderly subjects.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The low-DOSE of IL-2 administered and the short-term treatment allowed a good tolerance to the IL-2 injection
- In conclusion, the low-DOSE IL-2 treatment represents an effective means of inducing antibody response to influenza virus antigens in elderly subjects without appreciable toxicity.
4681. Comparison of mucosal and systemic humoral immune responses and subsequent protection in mice orally inoculated with a homologous or a heterologous rotavirus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Sucking mice were orally inoculated with a heterologous simian or bovine rotavirus (strain RRV or NCDV) or a homologous murine rotavirus (wild-type or tissue culture-adapted) strain EHP at various DOSEs
- Heterologous rotavirus-induced active protection was highly dependent on the strain and DOSE of the virus tested
- Mice inoculated with a high DOSE (10(7) PFU per mouse) of RRV were completely protected, while the protection was diminished in animals inoculated with NCDV or lower DOSEs of RRV
- Homologous rotavirus infection, on the other hand, was much more efficient at inducing both mucosal and systemic immune responses as well as protection regardless of the virulence of the virus strain or the size of the immunizing DOSE.
4682. Antibody response and viral excretion after live polio vaccine or a combined schedule of live and inactivated polio vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Ninety-six children received a single DOSE of inactivated polio vaccine, followed by two DOSEs of live attenuated oral polio vaccine and 97 children received three DOSEs of live attenuated oral polio vaccine at 2, 3 and 4 months of age
- Blood samples were taken by study nurses 6 weeks after vaccination and stool samples were collected by parents weekly for 4 weeks after each DOSE of vaccine
- The only significant difference between groups in rates of viral excretion was observed after the second DOSE of live attenuated oral polio vaccine, when excretion of type 3 poliovirus was reduced in those children who had received prior inactivated polio vaccine (P = 0.05)
4683. Long-term immunogenicity and efficacy of recombinant yeast derived hepatitis B vaccine for interruption of mother-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One hundred and six neonates born to HBsAg-carrier mothers with HBeAg positive were randomly divided into two groups, one receiving 20 micrograms per DOSE of RYHB vaccine and the another receiving 20 micrograms per DOSE of PHB vaccine on the day of birth, at 1 month and at 6 months (three times)
4684. Protective immunity by intramuscular injection of low doses of influenza virus DNA vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE-response relationships were investigated between DOSE of influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) or nucleoprotein (NP) DNA vaccines, and immunogenicity and protective efficacy based on humoral and cellular immunity
- In mice, intramuscular (i.m.) injection of HA or NP DNA, at DOSEs of 100 ng to 1 microgram, was found to generate haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, respectively, and provide protection in influenza virus challenge models
- These results indicate that low DOSEs of DNA administered by i.m
4685. Replicating vectors for cancer therapy: a question of strategy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE, route of administration), a replicating vector should give a higher efficiency of gene transfer than a nonreplicating vector due to local spread from the initially transduced cells
4686. The influence of branched polypeptide carriers on the immunogenicity of predicted epitopes of HSV-1 glycoprotein D.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Preimmunization of BALB/or CBA mice with AK conjugates comprising the 1-23 or 276-284 HSV peptides resulted in prolonged survival of animals infected with a lethal DOSE of infectious HSV-1
4687. Protective efficacy of oral whole-cell/recombinant-B-subunit cholera vaccine in Peruvian military recruits.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Participants were given two oral DOSEs of cholera vaccine or Escherichia coli K12 placebo, with an interval of 7-14 days
- 1426 (91%) subjects received the two prescribed DOSEs and were followed up for a mean of 18 weeks (median 21 weeks)
- 16 of the cholera cases occurred 2 weeks or longer after the second DOSE of vaccine (14 placebo recipients, 2 vaccinees)
- We also detected 14 symptomless infections (11 [7 placebo recipients, 4 vaccinees]) 2 weeks or longer after the second DOSE
- Two DOSEs of WC/rBS vaccine, given 1 to 2 weeks apart, provide rapid, short-term protection against symptomatic cholera in adult South Americans, who are predominantly of blood group O
4688. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a malaria sporozoite vaccine administered with monophosphoryl lipid A, cell wall skeleton of mycobacteria, and squalane as adjuvant.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One volunteer had malaise and self-limited painful induration at the injection site after the second DOSE and declined further immunization
- The other 11 volunteers tolerated the three DOSEs of 1,230 micrograms of vaccine, but most complained of sore arms; in five cases the pain or malaise was severe enough to interfere with work or sleep
- Two weeks after the third DOSE of vaccine, four of the 11 immunized volunteers had > or = 14 micrograms/ml of antibodies to the repeat region of the PfCSP in their serum
4689. Safety and immunogenicity of the oral E. coli K12-S. flexneri 2a vaccine (EcSf2a-2) among Israeli soldiers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Fifty-three were given the full vaccine regimen (four DOSEs)
- DOSEs ranged between 4.1 x 10(8) and 1.1 x 10(9) c.f.u
- Visits to the unit clinic for mild gastrointestinal symptoms were common after the first DOSE in vaccinees (13%) as compared with placebo recipients (5%), but the difference was not significant, p = 0.12
- The vaccine strain was excreted by 69% and 67% of the vaccinees one day after receiving the second and the fourth DOSEs, respectively
- Eighteen of 26 (69.2%) and 11 of 30 (36.7%) vaccinees had significant IgA secreting cell responses 7 and 21 days after the first DOSE, respectively
4690. Influenza A subtype cross-protection after immunization of outbred mice with a purified chimeric NS1/HA2 influenza virus protein.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mice immunized with D protein and challenged by small-particle aerosol with a lethal DOSE of influenza virus were significantly protected against mortality from influenza A/H1N1 and A/H2N2 (p < 0.05-< 0.0000001), but not from A/H3N2 and influenza B viruses when compared with control mice
4691. Enteral immunization and challenge of volunteers given enterotoxigenic E. coli CFA/II encapsulated in biodegradable microspheres.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Volunteers kept a diary of symptoms after each DOSE
- Five of ten volunteers developed IgA anti-CFA/II ASC by 7 days after the last DOSE of vaccine; these same five vaccinees had IgA anti-CS3 ASC, and three of these five vaccinees had IgA anti-CS1 ASC
- About 8 weeks after the first DOSE of vaccine, ten vaccinees and ten unvaccinated control volunteers underwent challenge with 10(9) c.f.u
4692. Randomised trial of efficacy of SPf66 vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in southern Tanzania.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 586 children aged 1-5 years received three DOSEs of vaccine (n = 274) or placebo (n = 312)
- No severe side-effects were seen and the frequency of mild side-effects after the third DOSE was less than 6%
- The vaccine was highly immunogenic and after three DOSEs all vaccine recipients had detectable anti-SPf66 antibodies: the geometric mean index of response was 8.3 in the vaccine group and 0.7 in the placebo group
- 123 children had at least one episode of clinical malaria during the follow-up period after the third DOSE and annual incidence rates were 0.25 in the vaccine group and 0.35 in the placebo group
- After the third DOSE there were 6 deaths among the study cohort (1 vaccine, 5 placebo)
4693. Modulation of antigen- and mitogen-induced proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by nonselective and isozyme selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE-response curves generated by using the D- or L-isomers of rolipram were not appreciably different from each other or from the curve generated with racemic rolipram
- The addition of supraphysiologic DOSEs of human rIL-2 and rIL-4 was unable to counteract the inhibitory effect of IBMX or rolipram
4694. [Long-term results and complications of intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin for prophylaxis of bladder cancer recurrence].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- No relationship was observed between total DOSE of BCG instilled and tumor recurrence
4695. Vaccination against hepatitis B: results of the analysis of 2000 population members in Croatia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All susceptible non-immunocompromised persons (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc negative) received either plasma-derived vaccine (HB-Vax MSD, 20 micrograms per DOSE) or recombinant HB vaccine (ENGERIX-B, SKB, 20 micrograms per DOSE) according to a 0.1 and 6-month schedule
- Hemodialysis patients received four DOSEs of HB vaccine (40 micrograms per DOSE)
4696. Review: protective efficacy of hepatitis B vaccines in neonates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Hepatitis B vaccines with either high or low antigen DOSEs are very effective in preventing chronic hepatitis B infection in neonates at risk, but there is evidence that with lower dosages simultaneous use of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) administration is more important than with higher dosages to elicit good protection (PE > or = 90%)
- Furthermore vaccination courses with higher vaccine dosages give high PEs, without concomitant HBIG administration at birth, provided that the first vaccine DOSE is given at birth and that the second DOSE follows within 2 months.
4697. Enhancement of the efficacy of a replication-defective adenovirus-vectored vaccine by the addition of oil adjuvants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It elicited the production of anti-gp50 antibodies only when high concentrations (10(8) TCID50 per DOSE) of the virus were used and it gave mice little protection
- The combination of the recombinant adenovirus at several concentrations (10(8), 10(7.4), 10(6.4) TCID50 per DOSE) with certain oil adjuvants in different galenic forms (water-in-oil, oil-in-water, water-in-oil-in-water) led to an increase in specific antibody responses and protection for the host when challenged with a virulent pseudorabies virus under very severe conditions, i.e
4698. Measles in southern Ghana: 1985-1993.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The advantages of the 2-DOSE measles immunization programme need urgent consideration by national programme directors in African countries
- The second DOSE is especially advocated to address the attendant problems of the cold chain system, vaccine efficacy, vaccine failure and diagnostic errors as older school-going age children.
4699. Partial inhibition by turkey herpesvirus of serotype 2 Marek's disease virus plaque formation and in vivo infectivity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In chickens inoculated with both MDV and HVT, MDV viremia titers were lower and the DOSE required to infect 50% of susceptible chickens was increased 13-fold compared with chickens inoculated with MDV alone
4700. Evaluation of immunization coverage in the adult population of Canada.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Only 43% of individuals 65 years of age or older reported receiving a DOSE of influenza vaccine during the year preceding the interview
4701. A cost-effectiveness analysis of prevaccination testing for hepatitis B in adolescents and preadolescents.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Decision analysis model comparing (1) prevaccination testing for hepatitis B surface antibodies, (2) no testing, and (3) testing at the same time as the first vaccine DOSE
4702. Anti-HBs levels in infants of hepatitis B carrier mothers after delayed active immunization with recombinant vaccine concomitant with DTP-polio vaccine: is there need for a second dose of HBIg? Dutch Study Group on Prevention of Neonatal Hepatitis B.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The need for an additional DOSE of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIg) was studied by comparing infants receiving 1 ml HBIg at birth followed by hepatitis B immunization, concomitant with DTP-polio vaccine, at 3, 4, 5 and 11 months (schedule E), with infants receiving the same schedule with additional HBIg at 3 months (schedule F)
- Supplemental DOSEs of HBIg in infants receiving a high DOSE of HBIg ( > 200 IU) at birth and the first DOSE of vaccine at the age of 3 months are not advised.
4703. BCG vaccination in India and tuberculosis in children: newer facets.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4704. Immuno-contraception undergoing promising trials.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4705. Efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine PRP-T.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It was given by separate injection in addition to the standard diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine according to an accelerated 2, 3, and 4 month schedule without a booster DOSE in the second year of life
- By October 1, 1992, more than 90% of infants in vaccine districts had received at least one DOSE of PRP-T
- None of the infants given three DOSEs had developed Hib infection, whereas 11 infections occurred in the control population (vaccine efficacy 100%, 95% CI 80-100%)
- Furthermore, the vaccine appears to remain protective through the second year of life without a booster DOSE
4706. A population-based clinical trial with the SPf66 synthetic Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine in Venezuela.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The SPf66 vaccine was given in three DOSEs, on days 0, 20, and 112
- Minor side effects requiring no treatment were reported by 123 (12.6%), with an apparent increase in frequency from the first to the third vaccine DOSE
- Antibodies against SPf66 were present at low titers in 24.7% of tested subjects before vaccination, increasing to 53.6% after the second DOSE and to 73.6% after the third DOSE; 26.4% of subjects initially seronegative never seroconverted
4707. Humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune response to topical immunization with a subunit respiratory syncytial virus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The DOSE of CTB required for the adjuvant effect (as measured by local and systemic antibody stimulation) and protection from viral challenge was > or = 5 micrograms
- With this DOSE, mice immunized intranasally with CTB plus F protein were highly protected from viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract
4708. Twelve-year follow-up study of hepatitis B immunization of Senegalese infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At the end of the follow-up period anti-HBs were detected in 81% of children who received a booster DOSE at school age and in 68% of those who did not
- The results show that long-term protection against HBsAg carriage of hepatitis B vaccination is very high and that a booster DOSE at school age does not significantly increase this protection.
4709. Efficacy of rhesus rotavirus vaccine MMU-18006 against gastroenteritis due to serotype 1 rotavirus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Infants were divided into three groups based on vaccination history: five booster vaccinees, 18 one-DOSE vaccinees and 18 control infants who did not receive vaccine
- Significant protection from rotavirus illness was observed both in the booster vaccine group and in the one-DOSE vaccine group but not in the control group
4710. Efficacy of tumor cell vaccine after incorporating monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) in tumor cell membranes containing tumor-associated ganglioside.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After three weekly immunizations, each mouse received a challenge DOSE of viable syngeneic B16
4711. [A four year follow-up study of recombinant HB vaccine--comparisons between three doses of subcutaneous injections and additional low dose intradermal injection].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine the efficacy of an additional low DOSE of intradermal injection of recombinant HB vaccine administered to nonresponders in addition to the standard three injections, we investigated the anti-HBs positive rate and titer of anti-HBs after four years among 58 subjects who did not develop antibodies after three DOSEs of subcutaneous injections and who did develop the antibody after an additional low DOSE intradermal injection (Nonresponders), and compared them with 150 subjects who developed anti-HBs after three DOSEs of subcutaneous injections (Responders)
- Fifty four subjects who were negative after four years were revaccinated with one or three DOSEs of the subcutaneous injection
- Eighty eight percent of 54 subjects who were given one or three DOSEs of the vaccine developed anti-HBs
- There were no differences in the antibody rates or titer of the antibody between the one and three DOSEs groups
- From these findings, we concluded that there were no differences of anti-HBs positive rates or antibody titer after four years in Responders and Nonresponders, and that one additional DOSE of the vaccine may be effective four years after initial administration among both groups.
4712. Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in young infants. The Kaiser-UCLA Vaccine Study Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a subset of infants, geometric mean concentrations of total anticapsular antibody were 0.08, 0.79, and 5.29 micrograms/mL after the first, second, and third DOSEs, respectively
- In a stepwise regression model, the most important additional factors affecting anticapsular antibody concentrations were the time between the third DOSE and the blood draw, race, and breast-feeding status at 6 months of age
4713. Vaccine prophylaxis of Q fever. A follow-up study of the efficacy of Q-Vax (CSL) 1985-1990.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Protective efficacy was 100%, even with a batch of Q-Vax containing 20 micrograms/DOSE rather than the standard DOSE of 30 micrograms/DOSE
4714. Pathogenesis of tuberculosis: pathway to apical localization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We have examined the published work of investigators which dealt with the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, especially the following: the infective DOSE, the yield of bacilli from the primary lesion and primary complex, the predominant location of the minimal lesion, the hypotheses of a vulnerable region in the lung and the specific pathways (endogenous or exogenous) by which tubercle bacilli cause disease
- The infectious DOSE is very low, usually 1-5 tubercle bacilli
4715. Effective vaccination of mice against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection with a soluble mixture of secreted mycobacterial proteins.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The immunity induced by this vaccine was DOSE dependent, and, in the optimal concentration, the vaccine induced a potent T-helper 1 response which efficiently protected the animals against a subsequent challenge with virulent M
4716. Vaccination for contraception.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4717. Protection against hepatitis A by an inactivated vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A total of 40,119 children, aged 1 to 16 years, attending 148 primary schools: 38,157 (95%) entered surveillance a mean of 138 days after receiving vaccine DOSE 1; 33,586 (84%) completed the controlled trial of 532 days; and 31,075 (81%) received crossover vaccine and remained under surveillance until day 844
- Participants received hepatitis A vaccine or control hepatitis B vaccine starting January 7, 1991 (DOSEs in months 0, 1, and 12), and crossed over to the alternate vaccine 18 months later
- There were no serious adverse reactions despite administration of more than 109,000 DOSEs of hepatitis A vaccine
- Among initially seronegative recipients of two DOSEs of hepatitis A vaccine, the proportion with 20 mIU/mL or more of antibody to hepatitis A virus before and 5 months after a 1-year booster was 94% and 99%, respectively
- Of the 40 cases, six, all in controls, occurred after the 1-year booster DOSE
- Following two DOSEs of hepatitis A vaccine (days 138 through 386), protective efficacy was 94% (95% confidence interval, 79% to 99%); cumulative efficacy including the postbooster period (days 138 to 532) was 95% (95% confidence interval, 82% to 99%)
- The two hepatitis A vaccine recipients who had symptomatic infections (257 and 267 days after DOSE 1) appeared to have been partially protected since their illnesses were brief and associated with only slight increases in alanine aminotransferase
- Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine is safe; when administered in two DOSEs, it protects against hepatitis A for at least 1 year.
4718. [A comparative study of live and inactivated influenza vaccines: the organization of the observation and the results of a study of their reactogenicity and immunogenicity].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Special observations are necessary to establish the possibility of use and to determine a DOSE of this inactivated vaccine for immunization of children, especially those of 7-10 years of age
4719. Efficacy of adenovirus-vectored respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in a new ferret model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, measurement of RSV infectivity in nasal washes, following intranasal RSV challenge, showed that five different vaccination regimens, Ad7F/Ad4F, Ad7G/Ad4G, Ad7FG/Ad4FG, Ad4F/Ad7(E3+)F and Ad5F/Ad4F, protected ferrets from RSV infection in a DOSE-dependent manner.
4720. Adjuvanted subunit vaccines for the control of Salmonella enteritidis infection in turkeys.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The antibody response to positively charged liposomal OMP vaccine was greater when a booster DOSE of this preparation was given
4721. Inadequate response to intradermal hepatitis A vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The geometric mean titres (GMT) after one, two and three intradermal DOSEs of 0.1 ml each were 4.5, 28 and 143 IU l-1 respectively
- The GMT after one intramuscular DOSE in the controls was 163 IU l-1
4722. Worldwide measles prevention.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Prevention of measles in developing countries has relied principally on a single DOSE of Schwarz strain vaccine at age 9 months (> 85% efficacy); 80% coverage has prevented > 1.6 million deaths
- Widespread use of standard vaccines in the West has resulted in dramatic reductions in measles incidence but has not prevented outbreaks among the 2-5% of persons not protected by a single DOSE
- A single DOSE appears adequate to control measles well but inadequate to eliminate the disease
- Many developed countries have adopted two-DOSE schedules
4723. Factors associated with hepatitis B vaccine response among dentists.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This study included dentists (n = 507) who (1) received their most recent DOSE of HBV vaccine within the previous 10 months, (2) completed a core questionnaire, and (3) were tested for HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc) and were found not to have evidence of past or present infection
- Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship of vaccine response to the variables sex, age, number of vaccine DOSEs, site of vaccination, type of vaccine, and history of hepatitis
- Vaccine response was most strongly associated with sex, age, and number of DOSEs
- Adherence to the recommended number of DOSEs and early vaccination are critical to adequate protection against hepatitis B infection of dentists, who are often exposed to blood and other body fluids.
4724. [The immunological efficacy of Francisella tularensis outer membranes for hamadryas baboons].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- tularensis strain Schu in a DOSE of 787 live microbial cells 30 days after immunization
4725. BCG immunotherapy prevents recurrence of diabetes in islet grafts transplanted into spontaneously diabetic NOD mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of BCG was administered in recipients of syngeneic (gp 1) and allogeneic islets (gp 2)
- We conclude that adjuvant therapy with a single DOSE of BCG can prevent the recurrent autoimmune insulitis, but not allograft rejection in islets transplanted into NOD mice, and that a state of unresponsiveness is induced to allow acceptance of a second syngeneic graft
4726. The burden of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Australia and an economic appraisal of the vaccine PRP-OMP.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At a price of $20 per DOSE, and a 5% discount rate, the expected cost per year of life extended by a vaccination program is $3148
4727. [Effect of conjugated PRP vaccines on the incidence of invasive diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae Type B in childhood].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 2 of 10 meningitis cases occurred in twice vaccinated children under 2 years of age with no signs of immunodeficiency, and another case was seen in a 5-month-old infant vaccinated with only one DOSE
4728. Measles outbreak in 31 schools: risk factors for vaccine failure and evaluation of a selective revaccination strategy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Adherence to routine measles vaccination for all eligible children is important in ensuring appropriate coverage with a single DOSE
4729. Failure of neonatal hepatitis B vaccination: the role of HBV-DNA levels in hepatitis B carrier mothers and HLA antigens in neonates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a hepatitis B vaccination program (1982-1992), 705 infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers received HBIg within 2 h of birth and were vaccinated according to a three- or four-DOSE vaccination schedule, starting either at 3 months or directly after birth
4730. Protection provided by Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in Los Angeles County: a case-control study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Sixteen HbOC vaccine failures occurred > 14 days after a single DOSE of vaccine, 6 vaccine failures after 2 DOSEs and 3 failures after 3 DOSEs; 2 cases occurred 6 and 12 days, respectively, after an initial DOSE of HbOC
- The protective efficacy of a single HbOC vaccine DOSE was 71.1% (95% confidence interval (CI), 37.5 to 87.2%)
- After 2 DOSEs the efficacy was 88.8% (95% CI, 59.5 to 96.9%) and after 3 DOSEs it was 94.4% (95% CI, 68.0% to 99.0%)
- Similar 95% CIs were seen for 1 and 2 DOSEs of PRP-OMP vaccine
4731. Child abuse, sudden infant death syndrome, infectious disease, and vaccinations.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Amoxicillin clavulante given twice daily rather then thrice, cefixime given once a day, and a single intramuscular DOSE of ceftriaxone have all shown acceptable--though not exceptional--cure rates for otitis media
4732. Attenuated varicella virus vaccine in children with renal transplants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Live attenuated virus (OKA line) was inoculated in a single 0.5-ml subcutaneous DOSE, without modification of the immunosuppressive therapy protocol for renal transplant recipients
4733. [Long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in newborn and revaccination study].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A 10 micrograms DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine was given to these children
4734. Demonstration of a rational strategy for human prostate cancer gene therapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Sequential transductions increased GM-CSF secretion in each of 3 cases tested, demonstrating that increased gene DOSE can be used to escalate desired gene expression in individual patients
4735. Safety, immunogenicity and protective effect of the SPf66 malaria synthetic vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum infection in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled field trial in an endemic area of Ecuador.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A total of 537 subjects were randomized to receive either SPf66 malaria vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum or placebo in three DOSEs (days 0, 30 and 180)
- Minor local side-effects were observed mainly after the second DOSE in about 19% of the vaccinated subjects and in 3.7% of the placebo group
- Thirty days after the third DOSE the prevalence of anti-SPf66 antibodies was 57% in the vaccine and 8.8% in the placebo groups
4736. Incomplete protection, but suppression of virus burden, elicited by subunit simian immunodeficiency virus vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After homologous low-DOSE intravenous virus challenge, we used frequency of virus isolation, provirus burden, and change in antibody titers to define four levels of resistance to SIV infection as follows
4737. The relationship between dose and response of standard measles vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It is recommended that standard titre measles vaccine should be administered with a minimum potency of log10 3.0 TCID50 or PFU per DOSE at 9 months of age or later
4738. Quo vadis: perinatal AIDS issues--2004.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These macaques after rechallenge with low-DOSE SIV remained free of detectable SIV, so there may be an element of protection associated with specific cellular immune responses to immunodeficiency viruses
- However, very high-DOSE SIV rechallenge experiments in similar macaques still led to acquisition of active SIV infection, suggesting that any such protection was only partial
4739. [Outbreak of measles at a vocational training school].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A second DOSE of the triple viral vaccine is recommended for being included in the vaccination calendar between the age of 6 and 14 years.
4740. The 1992 measles epidemic in Cape Town--a changing epidemiological pattern.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunisation coverage (at least one DOSE of any measles vaccine) was 91% and vaccine efficacy was estimated to be 79% (95% CI 55-90); it was highest for monovalent measles (100%) and lowest for measles-mumps-rubella (74%)
4741. The role of IL-2 in gene therapy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Those, and subsequent studies, which aimed at increasing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of IL-2-based treatments, are briefly reviewed and the current situation in which IL-2 is being used more frequently, in low DOSE subcutaneously administered regimens (often in combination with other agents such as alpha-interferon) assessed
4742. Immunization status of children of employees in a large corporation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Lower immunization rates at age 2 years were associated with delayed receipt of the first DOSE of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine, use of city or county clinics, employee-reported barriers of difficulty leaving work, and provider access problems, but not cost of services
4743. Duration of protective efficacy of equine influenza immunostimulating complex/tetanus vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Seven previously untreated five-month-old New Forest ponies received two DOSEs of equine influenza immunostimulating complex vaccines, one with and one without an immunopurified tetanus toxoid component, given by deep intramuscular injection six weeks apart, followed by a booster DOSE without tetanus toxoid five months later
- Fifteen months after the third DOSE of vaccine, the ponies were challenged by exposure to an aerosol of influenza A/Equine 2/Sussex/89 (H3N8), a virus isolated from a recent outbreak of influenza A/equine 2 in Britain
4744. Cost-effectiveness of a routine varicella vaccination program for US children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It would cost approximately $162 million annually if one DOSE of vaccine per child were recommended at a cost of $35 per DOSE
4745. Further studies on the efficacy of an inactivated African horse sickness serotype 4 vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The quality of immunity induced by the two-DOSE regimen was compared with a one-DOSE regimen from a previous study; in the one-DOSE study following challenge-inoculation, six of nine ponies were protected from clinical signs of AHS, seven of the nine vaccinated ponies developed an anamnestic response, and one pony had a viraemia about 10(3) 50% mouse lethal DOSE of AHSV-4 per ml of blood for 3 days following challenge-inoculation
4746. Safety and immunogenicity of a purified haemagglutinin antigen in very young high-risk children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Forty-three high-risk preterm children received either one of three DOSEs of purified hemagglutinin antigen (HA) (7.5 micrograms/0.25 ml, 22.5 micrograms/0.25 ml or 67.5 micrograms/0.25 ml) or standard split product vaccine (ST) (22.5 micrograms/ml DOSE) over the 1990-1991 influenza season
- Sera for antibody was drawn before, 6 weeks and 4 months after the first vaccine DOSE
- All children received two 0.25 ml DOSEs of vaccine 4 weeks apart
- Six weeks after the first DOSE, children receiving ST vaccine had significantly higher seroconversion rates to A/Shanghai (p = 0.03) and to A/Taiwan (p = 0.01) than did those receiving equivalent HA vaccine
- However, seroconversion rates were significantly higher for those children receiving the highest HA DOSE
- These results suggest that the equivalent DOSE of HA vaccine offers no advantage over ST vaccine in the immunization of high-risk preterm children.
4747. Safety, immunogenicity and limited efficacy study of a recombinant Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite vaccine in Thai soldiers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Secondary analyses revealed that CS antibody levels were lower in vaccinee malaria cases than in non-cases, 3 and 5 months after the third DOSE of vaccine (p = 0.06 and p = 0.014, respectively)
4748. Immunogenicity of a 'pre-S2 plus S' hepatitis B vaccine in healthy adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We compared the immunogenicity of three DOSEs of the pre-S vaccine with that of a commercially available recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Recombivax-HB); 87 seronegative adults were randomized to receive 12 micrograms (group 1), 24 micrograms (group 2), or 48 micrograms (group 3) of the pre-S vaccine or 10 micrograms of Recombivax-HB (group 4) by deltoid injection at 0, 1 and 6 months
- Immunogenicity was best in recipients of 48 micrograms of the pre-S vaccine and Recombivax-HB, and geometric mean titres (GMT) for the pre-S vaccine were higher than those for Recombivax-HB only at the pre-S vaccine DOSE of 48 micrograms (group 3)
- These findings indicate that the pre-S vaccine is immunogenic in healthy adults but that a DOSE of 48 micrograms of the current formulation is required to equal or exceed the immunogenicity of currently available, recombinant S-only vaccine
4749. Immunization of hospital personnel with low-dose intradermal hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The 0.1 ml DOSE by the intradermal route is safe, cost-effective and suitable for immunization of health care workers in developing countries such as India.
4750. Comparative study of Lederle/Takeda acellular and Lederle whole-cell pertussis-component diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines in infants in Germany.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The mean age at first DOSE was 3.5 months, and the second and third DOSEs followed at 6-week intervals
- When age of first DOSE was examined (8-12 weeks versus 16-20 weeks), it was found that young age had a suppressive effect on antibody responses in DTP but not APDT recipients to LPF toxoid, pertactin, fimbriae-2, and tetanus and diphtheria toxoids
4751. Measles epidemic in the urban community of Niamey: transmission patterns, vaccine efficacy and immunization strategies, Niger, 1990 to 1991.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccine coverages (one DOSE of Schwarz vaccine given after 9 months) in urban community of Niamey were, respectively, 63% at the age of 12 months and 73% at 24 months before the epidemic
- Recommendations included implementation of an early two DOSE schedule of measles immunization during the outbreak, vaccination offered at each contact with a health facility, radio and television advertising for measles immunization and distribution of vitamin A to all measles cases.
4752. Familial clustering of hepatitis B virus infections and prevention of perinatal transmission by immunization with a reduced number of doses in an area of intermediate endemicity (Tunisia).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4753. Protective effects of orally administered, Klebsiella-containing bacterial lysates in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Fourteen days after the first DOSE, the animals were challenged either intraperitoneally (i.p.; peritonitis/sepsis model) or intranasally (i.n.; pneumonia model)
- Animals treated with low DOSEs of Klebsiella lysate, in the form of either a 7-valent lysate or a Klebsiella monolysate, showed enhanced survival in both the peritonitis/sepsis and the pneumonia models
4754. Modulation of antiviral immune responses by exogenous cytokines: effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma on the immunogenicity of an inactivated rabies vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of 1.3 ng TNF-alpha or IL-1 alpha, when injected shortly before vaccination, only marginally stimulated resistance to challenge infection (four- and seven-fold, respectively) without enhancing virus neutralizing antibody (VNAb) responses
4755. Field trials with a new genetically engineered vaccine for protection against progressive atrophic rhinitis in pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The experimental vaccine was compared with a commercial vaccine in 4 farms and in 1 farm 2 different DOSE regimens were applied
4756. [Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in childhood. Case reports from a pediatric specialty hospital].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4757. Vaccination against typhoid fever: present status.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- New live vaccines, given by the oral route in one DOSE, have been constructed through genetic engineering
4758. Evaluation of the efficacy of human antimeningococcal immunoglobulin G in infant rats experimentally infected with Neisseria meningitidis group B.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Characterization of bacteremia evolution, as well as the mean lethal DOSE of germs and histopathologic features, were determined
- A significant level of protection was obtained in relation to control animals that received the same challenge DOSEs.
4759. The immunogenicity and safety of Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in Gambian infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The geometric mean titre (GMT) of anti-PRP antibody 1 month after the second DOSE was 0.26 microgram/ml in group A and 0.41 microgram/ml in group B
- The GMT 1 month after the first DOSE was 0.09 microgram/ml, after the second 0.74 microgram/ml and after the third 2.32 micrograms/ml
- After the third DOSE, 72% of children had antibody levels greater than 1.0 microgram/ml and 93% greater than 0.15 microgram/ml
4760. Efficacy of a polyvalent inactivated-virus vaccine in protecting mice from infection with clinical strains of group B coxsackieviruses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Eight days after the final DOSE of vaccine, groups of 4 mice were challenged with 1 x 10(4) plaque-forming units of a test strain of group B coxsackievirus, and killed 3 days later
- The mean neutralizing antibody titers for the 29 strains tested (4 mice/strain, log2) were 2.2 +/- 0.6, 3.3 +/- 0.9 or 6.4 +/- 1.7 after 1, 2 or 3 DOSEs of vaccine, respectively
- In mice receiving 2 or 3 DOSEs of vaccine, titers of virus were significantly lower in the pancreas and/or blood in 7/14 or 14/15 strains, respectively, compared to unvaccinated infected controls
- Uninfected, vaccinated mice failed to develop islet cell autoantibodies, histopathological abnormalities in the pancreas, or evidence of viral RNA in the pancreas 12 weeks after 3 DOSEs of vaccine
- A schedule of 3 DOSEs of vaccine was superior to 1 or 2 DOSEs.
4761. Trends and patterns in the transmission of bloodborne pathogens to health care workers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The key determinants of transmission of bloodborne pathogens are the DOSE and serum viral concentration of an exposure
4762. Risk factors for lack of detectable antibody following hepatitis B vaccination of Minnesota health care workers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A total of 595 health care workers who had received hepatitis B vaccine (Recombivax HB or Engerix-B) between June 1987 and December 1991 and who underwent postvaccination testing for anti-HBs within 6 months after receiving the third DOSE of vaccine
4763. Measles vaccine efficacy study in a Canberra high school: a study following a measles outbreak.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A two DOSE vaccine strategy with the second DOSE of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR), given preferably in the last year of primary school or the first year of high school, is supported by the findings of this study.
4764. Immunogenicity of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Alaska Native chronic alcoholics compared with nonalcoholic Native and non-Native controls.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Participants received one DOSE of the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine at the time of the initial visit and returned 20 to 55 days after immunization for liver function tests and pneumococcal antibody level measurement
4765. Failure of providers to vaccinate HIV-infected men against hepatitis B: a missed opportunity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Further, 16% whose susceptibility to HBV infection was unclear, with anti-HBc as a sole HBV marker, were not evaluated with a booster DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine in an attempt to elicit an anamnestic response
4766. Passive-active immunization in infants of hepatitis Be antigen-positive mothers. Comparison of the efficacy of early and delayed active immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A second DOSE of hepatitis B immune globulin was given to infants on schedule B at 3 months
4767. Vaccines to prevent bacterial enteric infections in children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two inactivated oral cholera vaccines, consisting of inactivated V cholerae 01 bacteria alone or in combination with the B subunit of cholera toxin, each conferred 50% to 53% protection over 3 years in a field trial in Bangladesh where subjects were immunized with a three-DOSE regimen
- An engineered live oral cholera vaccine, strain CVD 103-HgR, has been shown in extensive clinical trials to be well tolerated by children and adults in developing countries and highly immunogenic following administration of just a single oral DOSE; a large-scale field trial of the efficacy of this vaccine is underway
4768. Intradermal hepatitis B vaccination in a 300-bed primary care hospital: experience with a recombinant vaccine in a four-dose schedule.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After informed consent was obtained, 460 employees were vaccinated intradermally over the deltoid muscle by a single employee health nurse at months 0 (initial), 1, 2, and 6, followed by testing for serologic response 1 to 2 months after the final DOSE
4769. [The control of bovine salmonellosis under field conditions using herd-specific vaccines].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The inactivated vaccine was applied intranasally three times at intervals of 1 week (each DOSE of 5 ml; concentration of antigen about 10(10) organisms/ml, inactivated by heat at 100 degrees C)
4770. Diarrhoeal disease: current concepts and future challenges. Diarrhoeal disease and vaccine development.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The delay in implementing the delivery of vaccines with only 50% protective efficacy while awaiting the development of single DOSE vaccines that will provide lifelong immunity in more than 90% of recipients has resulted in no vaccine becoming available to those people who need it
4771. Lessons from measles vaccination in developing countries.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4772. Protective efficacy of high-titre measles vaccines administered from the age of five months: a community study in rural Senegal.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In rural areas with a high coverage in the surrounding community, a single DOSE at 9-10 months may provide sufficient protection
- Since high-titre vaccines have been associated with higher mortality than SW-std, further improvements in measles control before 9 months may require two-DOSE strategies with standard vaccines.
4773. Divergent mortality for male and female recipients of low-titer and high-titer measles vaccines in rural Senegal.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4774. Safety, immunogenicity, and transmissibility of single-dose live oral cholera vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR in 24- to 59-month-old Indonesian children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Recombinant A-B+ Vibrio cholerae O1 strain CVD 103-HgR is a safe, highly immunogenic, single-DOSE live oral vaccine in adults in industrialized countries
- In 81 households, 1 child was randomly allocated a single DOSE of vaccine (5 x 10(9) cfu) and another, placebo
4775. Distinct H-2 complex control of mortality, and immune responses to tuberculosis infection in virgin and BCG-vaccinated mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- On the basis of median survival time (MST) following primary inoculation with lethal DOSE of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, susceptibility to infection associated with I-Ab and Db alleles, host resistance associated with I-Ak and Dd alleles
- The latter exhibited intermediate resistance to infection before but slight decrease in the MST following a high-DOSE BCG vaccination
4776. Design and analysis of veterinary vaccine efficacy trials.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The use of in vitro potency tests in quality control procedures for inactivated vaccines depends on the demonstration of a significant DOSE-response efficacy relationship in the host animal.
4777. In vitro potency assays for nonreplicating veterinary vaccines: comparison to in vivo assays and considerations in assay development.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The development of techniques that remove or compensate for the effect of adjuvants on the assays, sham vaccines containing no antigen, reference preparations containing a proven protective immunogen DOSE, characterization of the immunological reactants, and appropriate design and data analysis have contributed to the development of rapid, reproducible, humane, and relatively inexpensive in vitro potency assays to be used in the evaluation of veterinary biologicals.
4778. Evaluation of butorphanol tartrate and buprenorphine hydrochloride on the inflammatory reaction of the Sereny Test.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Study 2 evaluated a low-DOSE buprenorphine hydrochloride group (n = 16) and an untreated control group (n = 5)
4779. Experimental study upon the efficacy of some accelerated vaccination schedules in tetanus prophylaxis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When single vaccine DOSEs were used the protective antitetanus limit was reached in seven days in rabbits and after ten days in guinea pigs; the adsorbed vaccine induced a stronger immune response than the non-adsorbed vaccine
- When multiple immunization DOSEs were used the non-adsorbed tetanus vaccine induced, especially in rabbits, a more rapid response that the adsorbed vaccine
4780. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a high-titer rhesus rotavirus-based quadrivalent rotavirus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three DOSEs of the quadrivalent vaccine composed of either 10(5) PFU (low titer) or 10(6) PFU (high titer) of each component were administered to 99 and 101 infants, respectively, at 4-week intervals starting at the second month of age; 102 infants received a placebo
- The vaccine was associated with the occurrence of mild, short-lived febrile episodes in 26 and 23% of the recipients after the first DOSEs of high- or low-titer vaccine, respectively, in comparison with 13% of the infants receiving the placebo
- Febrile reactions occurred less frequently in vaccinees after the second or third DOSE than after the initial DOSE
- Serum specimens obtained shortly before the first, 4 weeks after the first, and 4 weeks after the third DOSE of vaccine or placebo were tested by an immunoglobulin A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by neutralization assays
- Seroresponses occurred significantly more often after 3 DOSEs than after a single DOSE of either vaccine
- Immunoglobulin A responses were observed in 80 and 79% of the infants after 3 DOSEs of high- or low-titer vaccine, respectively
- Most of the infants tested developed a neutralization response to RRV after 3 DOSEs of the high- (90%) or low-(88%) titer vaccine
- Neutralization response rates to human rotavirus serotypes 1 to 4 after 3 DOSEs were similar in both vaccine and 87 of 90 receiving the high-titer vaccine developed seroresponses, as detected by any of the assays employed
- The study indicates that 3 DOSEs of quadrivalent vaccine at a titer of 10(6) PFU of each component offered no advantage over the lower-titer preparation for use in efficacy trials.
4781. Adult vaccinations: protecting your patients from avoidable illness.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Those who are susceptible to influenza are also at risk for pneumococcal disease; consider revaccination more than 6 years after the first DOSE for those at the highest risk of declining antibody levels
- Any adult patient whose tetanus immunization status is uncertain should be considered unvaccinated and receive a full three-DOSE primary series of Td
4782. Day care attendance and other risk factors for invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Increasing numbers of hours per week of day care attendance and children per room were associated with increasing risk of Hib meningitis in a DOSE-response pattern
4783. Protective activity of a murine monoclonal antibody against European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBL1) infection in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Human or equine rabies immune globulins previously found to contain variable amounts of neutralizing bat lyssavirus crossreactive antibodies were passively transferred to mice receiving intramuscularly a lethal DOSE of bat lyssavirus type 1
4784. Hepatitis B vaccination and booster in predialysis patients: a 4-year analysis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A booster DOSE of Recombivax HB was given at 3 or 4 years to those whose antibody levels fell below a predetermined point
4785. [The long-term efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in newborns].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Within the first few hours of life, all of the newborns received a DOSE (20 mcg) or recombinant vaccine and 0.5 ml of IG
- New DOSEs of vaccine were administered at one and six months of life
4786. An economic evaluation of varicella vaccine for pediatric liver and kidney transplant recipients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Assuming a vaccine cost of $30/DOSE and a 90% vaccine efficacy, a pretransplantation vaccination program would have cost $16,205 and saved $3,132/child ($304 for families and $2,828 for the health service) during the study period
4787. Oral immunization of rats with proteinoid microspheres encapsulating influenza virus antigens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single enteric DOSE of M1 entrapped in proteinoid microspheres was able to induce a significant IgG response to M1 as early as 2 weeks postdosing, while rats DOSEd orally with the same M1 total DOSE (no microspheres) showed no detectable antibody response
- A single enteric DOSE of HA-NA spheres induced a response in 33% of the rats; this response was up to eight times higher than that observed in the rats DOSEd with unencapsulated antigen.
4788. Vaccination against hepatitis B in a general hospital in Israel: antibody level before vaccination and immunogenicity of vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among vaccine recipients 35.8% responded after the first DOSE, 86.6% after the second and 92.7% after the third
4789. Induction of protective immunity against coronavirus-induced encephalomyelitis: evidence for an important role of CD8+ T cells in vivo.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In these experiments, challenge with an otherwise lethal DOSE of MHV-JHM was performed prior to the induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies and studies with the anti-CD8+ monoclonal antibody
4790. Efficacy of immunization with a combination of serum and recombinant hepatitis B vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the efficacy of giving a third DOSE of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine to healthcare workers who already had received two DOSEs of serum-derived vaccine, which is no longer available in the United States
- Volunteers who already had received two standard DOSEs of serum-derived vaccine were given a third DOSE of either serum or recombinant vaccine in a double-blind fashion
- One year after receiving the third immunization, those who received the combined regimen had a mean hepatitis B surface antibody titer less than half that of those who received three DOSEs of serum-derived vaccine
- A regimen that combines serum and recombinant hepatitis B vaccines may not produce as high an antibody level as three DOSEs of the same vaccine
4791. Effectiveness and safety of an Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (PRP-T) in young infants. Kaiser-UCLA Vaccine Study Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Adverse reactions occurring during the first 72 hours and between DOSEs (including hospitalizations and outpatient visits) were measured using parental reporting/interviews and review of records
- The rates of systemic and local reactions occurring within 72 hours of each vaccine DOSE were generally similar for infants given PRP-T and hepatitis B, but some reaction rates (local reactions, fever > or = 102 degrees F, irritability, crying) were significantly higher in the PRP-T group
4792. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a thymidine kinase, inverted repeat, gI, and gpX gene-deleted pseudorabies vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Efficacy was evaluated by 1) vaccinating 3-day-old pigs with a minimal protective DOSE intranasally and then challenging with PRV 3 weeks postvaccination or 2) vaccinating weaned pigs with a standard field DOSE intramuscularly and then challenging with PRV 4 weeks postvaccination
4793. [Treatment of aplastic anemia with antithymocyte globulin, Lymphoser Berna].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Twenty-four patients with aplastic anemia (19 severe: 5 moderate) were treated with combined immunosuppression consisting of antithymocyte globulin (ATG: Lymphoser Berna, Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute Berne) and high-DOSE methylprednisolone
4794. Nine-year follow-up study of a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine in a rural African setting.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One hundred and one of 255 recipients of a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine were evaluated in 1990, 9 years after the first vaccine DOSE in a study in Zambia to evaluate the efficacy of one, two, or three DOSEs
- In 1983, 2 years after the first vaccine DOSE, antibody to the hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) had been detectable in 90 of these 101 participants (89%)
- (In 1990, anti-HBs was still detectable in 52 of 70 [74%] who had had no serologic markers of the hepatitis B virus in 1981, and a protective level was detected in 47 of 70 [67%].) A protective level of anti-HBs was detected in 1990 in 26 of 36 (72%) recipients of three DOSEs and in 23 of 31 (74%) recipients of two DOSEs; the slightly lower prevalence among recipients of one DOSE (19 of 34 [56%]) was not statistically significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4795. Pneumococcal vaccination in a remote population of high-risk Alaska Natives.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Only 30 percent of those determined to be at high risk had received one or more DOSEs of pneumococcal vaccine previously
- At the completion of the project, 1,123 persons, 84 percent of those at high risk, had received at least 1 DOSE
4796. Measles in Mashonaland Central Province: Zimbabwe.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The efficacy of the measles vaccine (Schwartz freeze dried measles vaccine given as a single DOSE at 9 months) was estimated to be 84.9% A large pool of susceptibles who possibly maintained the epidemic include an accumulation of unimmunised children and adults
4797. Efficacy of various non-oily adjuvants in immunization against the Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Surprisingly, when an ISCOM containing glycoproteins was assayed in swine in a single-DOSE trial, no improvement on the protection conferred by the oily adjuvant was observed.
4798. Vaccines to prevent enteric infections.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- cholerae O1 bacteria alone or in combination with purified B subunit of cholera toxin, each conferred 50-53% protection over 3 years in a field trial in Bangladesh where subjects were immunized with a three-DOSE regimen
- In extensive clinical trials in adults and children in less-developed countries, an engineered live oral cholera vaccine, strain CVD 103-HgR, has been shown to be well tolerated and highly immunogenic following administration of just a single oral DOSE; a large-scale field trial in 70,000 subjects is underway to investigate the efficacy of this vaccine
4799. Use of oral typhoid vaccine strain Ty21a in a New York state travel immunization facility.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The four-DOSE vaccine should be taken every other day before meals, and kept refrigerated between DOSEs
- Thirty-four (21.6%) took one or more DOSEs after meals, 13 (8.3%) did not take all four DOSEs, 10 (6.4%) failed to take the DOSE every other day, and five (3.2%) did not keep the vaccine refrigerated
- Until a single-DOSE, oral typhoid vaccine is available, Ty21a is an attractive option
4800. Immunogenicity and efficacy of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine, GenHevac B Pasteur in high risk neonates, school children and healthy adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In 46 normal school children (group C) and 48 healthy adults (group D) who received the same DOSE of GenHevac B Pasteur the seroconversion rates at month 4 after receiving 3 DOSEs of vaccination were 97.8% and 83.3% in group C and group D, respectively
4801. [The vaccination of medical and nursing students against hepatitis B].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Individuals receiving 3 DOSEs of the vaccination (20 micrograms at 0, 1 and 6 months) were seen at 4-7 months of the last DOSE to determine the anti-HBs titers achieved
- The adherence to 1, 2 or 3 DOSEs of the vaccination was 96%, 94% and 87%, respectively
- Following the 3 DOSEs, > or = 10 UI/I of anti-HBs were detected in 97% of the cases studied with geometric measurement of the responders being 1580 U/I
4802. Integration of hepatitis B vaccine into the expanded program on immunization: The Saudi Arabian experience.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the first year, the coverage of the first DOSE and third DOSE of HB vaccine was 90% and 73%, respectively
4803. Dietary vitamin D affects cell-mediated hypersensitivity but not resistance to experimental pulmonary tuberculosis in guinea pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Six weeks later, all guinea pigs were infected by the respiratory route with a low DOSE of virulent M
4804. Safety, stability, and efficacy of noncapsulated mutants of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae for use in live vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Intratracheal challenge of pigs with the serotype 5 mutant at a DOSE 1 log greater than the 50% lethal DOSE for the parent resulted in no clinical disease or lesions except in one pig that had slight pneumonia and pleuritis
4805. Hepatitis B mass immunization of adolescents: a pilot study in a community.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After meetings held by the local health department with school teachers and parents, 1219 out of 1250 (97.5%) invited children received the first DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine; 1215 and 1209 received, respectively, the second and third DOSEs
- Anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) values were studied in 406 subjects one month after the third DOSE, and 21 out of 406 (5.2%) had anti-HBs values less than 10 IU/L
4806. Pediatric experience with recombinant hepatitis B vaccines and relevant safety and immunogenicity studies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Both of the vaccines licensed in the United States are highly immunogenic in infants and children who complete a three DOSE vaccination sequence
- Approximately 95 to 100% achieve protective levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (> or = 10 mIU/ml) after three DOSEs
- The protective efficacy against perinatal transmission from mothers who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and e antigen is 90 to 100% when the first DOSE of vaccine is administered at birth with hepatitis B immunoglobulin
- Studies currently in progress will determine the duration of protection, the potential need for booster DOSEs and the feasibility of combining antigens in multivalent vaccines.
4807. Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in the Gambian expanded programme on immunisation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4808. Where are we now with vaccines against AIDS?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4809. Preliminary cost-effectiveness analysis of an AIDS vaccine in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After using this data and taking into account that at least 5% of a cohort of vaccine-eligible infants would become HIV positive at approximately age 26, a cost-benefit analysis was undertaken varying cost, efficacy rates for the hypothetical vaccine and HIV seroprevalence rates in order to indicate at what price per individual DOSE of vaccine would it stop being cost-beneficial
4810. Investigation of a measles outbreak in a fully vaccinated school population including serum studies before and after revaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A measles outbreak in early 1989 among approximately 4200 students at a high school and two intermediate schools in suburban Houston, TX, was investigated to evaluate reasons for vaccine failure and to predict the efficacy of a booster DOSE of measles vaccine
4811. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunoprophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer: results of a controlled prospective trial with modified treatment schedule.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The treatment schedule, consisting of an initial 6-week course of instillations and a single quarterly maintenance DOSE to the responders, was modified to those of the latter who were at high risk for recurrence and who received an additional separate 4-week course of therapy
4812. Safety and immunogenicity in human volunteers of a chloroform-methanol residue vaccine for Q fever.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- burnetii immunity with a single subcutaneous CMR DOSE of 30, 60, 120, or 240 micrograms
- None of those receiving the 30- or 60-micrograms CMR DOSE and none of the placebo recipients experienced any adverse effects
- Five of 15 120-micrograms DOSE CMR recipients complained of transient discomfort in the inoculated arm; erythema or induration of > or = 100 mm2 was noted in three and four, respectively, and two had malaise and low-grade fever (< 101 degrees F, orally)
- No 240-micrograms DOSE vaccinee reported limb discomfort, but 7 of 10 had erythema and/or induration of > or = 100 mm2 (P < 0.001 versus placebo)
- Serum immunoglobulin M responses were optimally detected with CMR antigen and occurred in 50, 60, 73, and 90% of recipients of the 30-, 60-, 120-, and 240-micrograms DOSEs, respectively; results with phase I whole-cell antigen were similar
- Serum immunoglobulin G responses were best detected with phase II antigen and were seen in 20, 20, and 40% of those receiving the 60-, 120-, and 240-micrograms DOSEs, respectively
- burnetii recall antigens were transient and of low magnitude but were seen with CMR antigen in 33% of 120-micrograms DOSE recipients and 40% of 240-micrograms DOSE recipients
4813. [Post infection antiidiotype vaccination against HIV: results of a phase Ia pilot study].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 6 patients subsequently received a booster immunization with the same DOSE of the mAb IOT4A
4814. Antibody response and protection against challenge in mice vaccinated intraperitoneally with a live aroA O4-O9 hybrid Salmonella dublin strain.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The SL7103 hybrid auxotroph was avirulent when given intraperitoneally to NMRI mice in a DOSE of 10(8) CFU and elicited a protective immunity against intraperitoneal challenge with either virulent S
- dublin (50% lethal DOSE of ca
- typhimurium (50% lethal DOSE of ca
4815. Vaccination with SPf66, a chemically synthesised vaccine, against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Colombia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 1548 volunteers over one year of age received three DOSEs of either the vaccine (n = 738) or placebo (n = 810)
- The follow-up period began one month after the third DOSE and lasted for one year
4816. Serological response to Japanese encephalitis vaccine in a group of school children in South Arcot district of Tamil Nadu.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Side effects, though minor, were noted in 54.9 per cent of the children after each DOSE
- An antibody response to two-DOSE primary vaccination schedule was observed in 72.7 per cent, whereas 87.8 per cent of the vaccines responded positively after the booster DOSE administered one year after
- The results indicated a probable need of the third DOSE in the primary vaccination schedule.
4817. Effect of undocumented and excluded vaccinations on measles immunity in a university population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Some institutions have not adopted or enforced a one-DOSE, preregistration immunization requirement because of the increased administrative burden, although in 1990 a documented two-DOSE schedule was recommended to increase herd immunity to a critical 93.5-96.0%
- They were compared with 181 students who documented two DOSEs (group II) for factors which might influence differences of immunity between the groups after one DOSE
4818. Measles epidemics in Kerman City, Iran.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It also highlights the urgent need for an effective single-DOSE measles vaccine (Edmondson-Zagreb) for children below nine months of age.
4819. Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant protein influenza A vaccine in adult human volunteers and protective efficacy against wild-type H1N1 virus challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In our DOSE-escalating study, the vaccine was safe in humans and induced both IgG and T cell proliferative responses to D protein but little antibody to A/PR/34 or A/Kawasaki/8/86 (H1N1, A/KW/86) viruses
4820. Increased immunogenicity and protective efficacy in outbred and inbred mice by strategic carboxyl-terminal truncation of Japanese encephalitis virus envelope glycoprotein.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the case of outbred CD-1 and inbred C57/Bl mice, which possess a dominant autosomal genetic locus that controls resistance to a high DOSE of ip infection of JEV or the capacity to acquire resistance to intracerebral JEV infection, truncated E glycoprotein induced a higher titer of JEV neutralizing antibodies.
4821. Oral polio vaccination in infants: beneficial effect of additional dose at birth.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In group A, the children received one birth DOSE or 'O' DOSE of TOPV, followed by 3 conventional DOSEs started at 6 weeks, and in group B the children received only 3 DOSEs of OPV
- In addition, in group A serum samples were collected at 6 weeks before the administration of 1st DOSE to see the sero response following 'O' DOSE of TOPV
- Sero-conversion in group A was significantly more than sero-conversion in group B after the administration of last DOSE
4822. [Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in individuals at high risk in the Cakovec Medical Center].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- H-B-VAX vaccine (first DOSE 40 micrograms HBsAg, second and third = 20 micrograms) was administered in three patients on hemodialysis (scheme 0, 1, 2)
4823. Vaccination against hepatitis B: comparison of intradermal and intramuscular administration of plasma derived and recombinant vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Low DOSE intradermal administration of recombinant vaccine did not produce satisfactory levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen.
4824. Evaluation of oral erythromycin and local isoniazid instillation therapy in infants with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin lymphadenitis and abscesses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Calmette-Guérin regional abscesses at presentation (n = 27) were further studied to compare oral erythromycin therapy with that of single DOSE 50-mg intranodal isoniazid instillation
4825. Comparison of acellular pertussis vaccine with whole cell vaccine as a booster in children 15 to 18 months and 4 to 6 years of age.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The safety and immunogenicity of a booster DOSE of a new acellular pertussis component diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis vaccine (DTaP) were compared with whole cell pertussis component diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis vaccine (DTwP)
- When administered as a booster DOSE this DTaP vaccine, which has been chosen by the NIH for the second pertussis vaccine clinical efficacy trial, was more immunogenic for pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin and caused fewer and less severe adverse reactions compared with the Connaught DTwP vaccine used in this study.
4826. Risk factors for delayed immunization in a random sample of 1163 children from Oregon and Washington.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Overall, 78% of the children had received their first DOSE of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids with pertussis vaccine (DTP) and their first DOSE of oral poliovirus (OPV) by 92 days of age
- Similarly, 77% had received their third DOSE of DTP and their second DOSE of OPV by their first birthday
- However, by their second birthday only 60% had received the full series of four DOSEs of DTP, three DOSEs of OPV, and one DOSE of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines
4827. Secondary Vibrio cholerae-specific cellular antibody responses following wild-type homologous challenge in people vaccinated with CVD 103-HgR live oral cholera vaccine: changes with time and lack of correlation with protection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We evaluated the ASC response to cholera toxin (CT) and Inaba lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 26 North American volunteers following immunization with a single oral DOSE of live attenuated Vibrio cholerae O1 vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR and again upon homologous wild-type challenge with V
4828. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide-meningococcal outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccines: immunogenicity and efficacy in experimental pneumococcal otitis media.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Type 6B vaccine elicited IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies after a single DOSE and an anamnestic IgG response after a second vaccine DOSE on day 28
4829. Studies of safety, infectivity and immunogenicity of a new temperature-sensitive (ts) 51-1 strain of Salmonella typhi as a new live oral typhoid fever vaccine candidate.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three normal male subjects aged 23-32 years received three oral DOSEs of S
- typhi ts 51-1, each DOSE containing 10(9) organisms
4830. Non-efficacy of low-dose intradermal vaccination against hepatitis B in Down's syndrome.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 83 persons without markers participated in a comparative trial of the immunogenicity of a recombinant HB vaccine given either intramuscularly (IM) or in a lower DOSE intradermally (ID)
- Only 19% of the non-responders developed immunity after an IM booster DOSE given 10 months after the third injection
- A booster DOSE of vaccine does not ascertain immunity in those who do not respond with immunity to the ordinary immunization schedule
4831. Prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in health-care workers after accidental exposure: a comparison of two prophylactic schedules.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In another group of 37 medical professionals a single DOSE of HBIg (0.06 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly within three days of exposure, followed immediately by the first DOSE of vaccine (20 micrograms DOSE) (Group A)
- In both groups the next DOSEs of recombinant vaccine were administered one, two and six months later
- One month after the fourth DOSE of vaccine the percentage of incidence of antibody to hepatitis B virus surface antigen (anti-HBs) was 94.6% in group A and 95% in group B with geometric mean titer of antibodies of 340 and 380 mIU/ml, respectively
4832. Comparison of live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in schoolchildren in Russia: I. Safety and efficacy in two Moscow schools, 1987/88.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The performance of two DOSEs of cold-adapted live attenuated vaccine versus one DOSE of whole-virus inactivated vaccine was compared in 8-15-year-old schoolchildren in two schools in Moscow, Russia, during the winter of 1987/88
4833. Measles control in developing and developed countries: the case for a two-dose policy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Despite major reductions in the incidence of measles and its complications, measles control with a single DOSE of the currently used
- Empirical evidence from a number of countries suggests that a two-DOSE measles vaccination programme, by improving individual protection and heard immunity can make a major contribution to measles control and elimination of local circulation of the disease
- Cost-benefit analysis also supports the two-DOSE schedule in terms of savings in health costs, and total costs to society
- A two-DOSE measles vaccination programme is therefore an essential component of preventive health care in developing, as well as developed countries for the 1990s.
4834. Birth control vaccine research.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4835. Should Canada and the United States universally vaccinate infants against hepatitis B? A cost-effectiveness analysis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Universal vaccination results in net cost saving at a vaccine price of approximately $7 per DOSE, from a societal perspective
4836. Antibody response to a two-dose regimen of influenza vaccine in allogeneic T cell-depleted and autologous BMT recipients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Induction of protective hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies in response to influenza virus vaccine and the effectiveness of two DOSEs versus a single DOSE of vaccine were studied in 48 BMT recipients
- Two DOSEs of vaccine, administered 1 month apart, consisted of trivalent influenza subunit inactivated vaccine with the following strains: A/Singapore/6/86 (H1N1), A/Sichuan/2/87 (H3N2), and B/Beijing/1/87
- As, overall, specific response was only marginally enhanced by the second DOSE of vaccine, its indication is questionable.
4837. Evaluation of vaccines and of antigen therapy in a mouse model for Brucella ovis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- ovis increased in the spleen when increasing the challenge DOSE up to 1.7 x 10(7)
- At higher DOSEs of challenge, the response remained constant
4838. Measles control: a global battle.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4839. Efficacy of the herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 mutant viruses to confer protection against zosteriform spread in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two mutant viruses, HSV-2 XD192 and HSV-1 1716, failed to generate zosteriform lesions when injected in high DOSE into BALB/c and C3H mice
- However, at lower immunizing DOSEs protection was evident against lethality, but not skin lesions, especially in the case of mutant XD192
4840. Two-dose measles vaccination schedules.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- As part of this debate, the place of 2-DOSE measles immunization schedules is reviewed regarding their potential as a strategy to improve measles control
- To date, WHO has not recommended the use of a 2-DOSE schedule
- A number of industrialized countries have already adopted a 2-DOSE schedule, often choosing to administer measles vaccine in the same injection as mumps and rubella vaccines
- Further research should include randomized controlled trials of early 2-DOSE schedules to investigate both technical and epidemiological issues such as the effect of blunting immunity and the duration of antibody
- Programmes already using 2-DOSE schedules are encouraged to evaluate their impact on disease incidence, cost, vaccine usage, and effect on coverage
- Until further evaluation is complete, a high and timely coverage with one DOSE of measles vaccine in all areas remains the first priority for all immunization programmes.
4841. Clinical efficacy of trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine: a case-control study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A case-control study was carried out between May 1988 and May 1989 to assess the effectiveness of three DOSEs of trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (TOPV3) in children aged 6-35 months in Madras city
4842. [Aluminum as an adjuvant in vaccines and post-vaccine reactions].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- high antibody level can be obtained with minimal DOSE of the antigen and with reduced number of inoculations
4843. Efficacy of equine influenza vaccines for protection against A/Equine/Jilin/89 (H3N8)--a new equine influenza virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- High DOSEs of Eq/Kentucky vaccine in aqueous suspension (0.5-5.0 micrograms HA per DOSE) provided minimal protection against Eq/Jilin challenge as judged by virus titres in the lungs of vaccinated animals
- Eq/Kentucky vaccine in adjuvant (1.0-5.0 micrograms HA per DOSE) did provide complete protection against challenge with Eq/Jilin in mice
- Eq/Jilin vaccine in aqueous suspension induced complete protection of mice against challenge with Eq/Kentucky at DOSEs from 0.5 to 5 micrograms HA and in adjuvant DOSEs of Eq/Jilin from 0.1-5.0 micrograms HA were efficacious
- Homologous protection against Eq/Jilin or Eq/Kentucky was induced by DOSEs of vaccine from 0.5-5.0 micrograms HA per DOSE in aqueous suspension and from 0.01-5.0 micrograms HA per DOSE in adjuvant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4844. Children's vaccine initiative.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4845. Anatomy of a trial: a historical view of the Monroe inactivated hepatitis A protective efficacy trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Careful communication, and cooperation of community leadership, a flexible technical resource team, and knowledge of an epidemic already ongoing in a sister community whose members were due to arrive for summer holidays, permitted rapid and efficient completion of the trial with a striking demonstration of protection after a single vaccine DOSE.
4846. Development of the formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, VAQTA from the live attenuated virus strain CR326F.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Phase I clinical studies of VAQTA were initiated in 1989 and have progressed since that time to the recent Phase III clinical trials which demonstrated efficacy of a single DOSE of the vaccine in preventing clinical hepatitis A disease in pediatric populations in Monroe, NY.
4847. Israel in the elimination phase of poliomyelitis--achievements and remaining problems.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In individuals previously immunized with either EIPV or OPV a high and quick immune response to both the 1988 epidemic and vaccine strains was observed after a booster DOSE of OPV
- Maintaining Israel in the phase of polio elimination requires: > 95% national coverage, homogenously distributed; maintaining high immune profile to the three poliovirus types, including a satisfactory immune level to the 1988 epidemic strain in all the age groups at risk of polio; early detection of the introduction of wild poliovirus into the environment and of the occurrence of foci of indigenous activity; reducing the risk of exposure to massive infectious DOSEs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4848. Experience with poliovaccines in the control of poliomyelitis in India.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The 3-DOSE OPV coverage during infancy was estimated to be about 80% in 1991
- Three questions arise: (1) Why did it take over 10 years of NIP to reduce the disease burden? (2) Why is the disease occurring at a high incidence level in spite of 80% immunisation coverage? (3) Will we be able to eliminate poliomyelitis and eradicate polioviruses by the year 2000 by sustaining the high immunisation coverage using 3 DOSEs of OPV? In most countries, the incidence of disease has declined immediately after instituting NIP including OPV
- The vaccine efficacy (VE) of 3 DOSEs of OPV in India is 70-93%
- The incidence remains high because the VE and herd effect of 3 DOSEs of OPV are insufficient
4849. Influence of serotype and virus strain on synergism between Marek's disease vaccine viruses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Little effect of virus DOSE, virus DOSE ratio or type and route of viral challenge was noted
4850. Pre- and postexposure chemoprophylaxis: evidence that 3'-azido-3'-dideoxythymidine inhibits feline leukemia virus disease by a drug-induced vaccine response.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We describe a comprehensive assessment of pre- and postexposure AZT therapy in the feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-cat model for AIDS which included in vitro testing, an in vivo DOSE-response titration, a postexposure treatment study, plasma drug concentration determinations, and evaluation of the immune response to FeLV
4851. Expanded programme on immunization (EPI). Safety of high titre measles vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4852. Trial of the efficacy and immunological response to an inactivated mycoplasma F38 vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The results indicated that the vaccine produced an immune response, that it was very effective in reducing morbidity and mortality rates, and that a booster DOSE one month after the first DOSE of vaccine gave extra protection.
4853. Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of inoculating cattle with a vaccine containing Tritrichomonas foetus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The polyvalent test vaccine consisted of a Campylobacter fetus/Leptospira canicola-grippotyphosa-hardjo-icterohaemorrhagiae-pamona bacterine containing 5 x 10(7) killed T foetus/DOSE
- Heifers were administered 2 DOSEs of control or experimental vaccine at 3-week intervals
4854. Impaired immune response by isoniazid treatment during intravesical BCG administration in the guinea pig.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A five-fold increase of the DOSE of BCG did not overcome the effect of INH
4855. Evidence that inactivated oral cholera vaccines both prevent and mitigate Vibrio cholerae O1 infections in a cholera-endemic area.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a randomized, placebo-controlled field trial of B subunit-killed whole cell (BS-WC) and killed whole cell only (WC) inactivated oral cholera vaccines in rural Bangladesh, active surveillance of selected neighborhoods during the first year after vaccination identified 127 Vibrio cholerae O1 infections among 3285 three-DOSE recipients
4856. Immunogenicity of enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Fifty two children were immunized with two DOSEs of enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine in order to determine its efficacy
- The vaccine was equally efficacious whether the two DOSEs were given at 4-week or 8-week intervals or when immunization was started at 6-7 weeks of age or later
- The presence of maternal antibodies did not interfere significantly with the seroresponse to two DOSEs of IPV-E
- The study recommends that two DOSEs of IPV-E give satisfactory seroconversion rates
- Immunization can be started as early as 6 weeks age and the two DOSEs can be given at 4 weeks interval to complete primary immunization against poliomyelitis.
4857. Immunogenicity of recombinant adenovirus-respiratory syncytial virus vaccines with adenovirus types 4, 5, and 7 vectors in dogs and a chimpanzee.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Subsequently, three two-DOSE vaccination regimens, Ad4F/Ad5F, Ad7G/Ad4G, and Ad7FG/Ad4FG, were compared with Ad7F/Ad4F for immunogenicity and protective efficacy
4858. Theoretical and methodological aspects of BCG vaccine from the discovery of Calmette and Guérin to molecular biology. A review.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- For an objective evaluation and interpretation of the protective efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of the BCG vaccination it must be considered that: (1) several BCG substrains have been developed in manufacturing laboratories that differ in the residual virulence which determines immunogenicity and reactogenicity; (2) various liquid and freeze-dried BCG vaccine production methods are used, resulting in different BCG viable units per DOSE; (3) quantitative bioassay methods are not yet being used for statistical quality control of the vaccine; (4) BCG products are applied in various demographical, epidemiological and socioeconomic conditions with different vaccination policies; (5) inadequate biostatistical models are often used to analyse efficacy, effectiveness and adverse reactions
4859. Evaluation of the efficacy of an oil-emulsion bacterin for protecting chickens against Salmonella enteritidis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three weeks after the second vaccination, all hens were challenged with an oral DOSE of approximately 10(9) cells of a heterologous (phage type 14b) S
4860. Consideration of inactivated rabies vaccines as oral immunogens of wild carnivores.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- None of 10 red foxes administered a single 1.0 ml DOSE of BPL-inactivated rabies virus vaccine (PM strain; 100 or 500 micrograms protein) per os developed detectable anti-rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) at any time over 8 wk of observation
- In two different groups of five to six raccoons, each administered a single 1.0 ml DOSE of BPL-inactivated rabies virus vaccine (ERA strain) per os, at concentrations of 100 or 400 micrograms protein, only a single animal in each group demonstrated evidence of seroconversion within 4 wk
- In contrast, instillation of a single DOSE (500 micrograms protein) of BPL-inactivated rabies virus vaccine (ERA strain), directly into the small intestine via fiberoptic endoscope, or ERA vaccine (800 micrograms protein) instillation to the buccal cavity by needle-less syringe, resulted in the production of rabies-specific VNA and protection against lethal rabies infection in three of six, and in four of six raccoons, respectively; all seven control raccoons succumbed to street virus challenge
4861. The 1988-1989 measles epidemic in Hungary: assessment of vaccine failure.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among 341 primary school students, one-DOSE recipients were at higher risk compared with two-DOSE recipients controlling for age at and time elapsed since vaccination (P = 0.04).
4862. Long term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to hepatitis B e antigen-positive mothers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Infants received the first DOSE of vaccine at birth; additional DOSEs were given at either Months 1, 2 and 12 or Months 1 and 6
4863. [Immune response to hepatitis B revaccination in children].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The geometric mean titres (GMTs) of anti-HBs at 3rd weeks, 3rd and 6th month after the booster DOSE reached 824.1, 407.7 and 193.6IU/L, which were 24.5, 12.1 and 5.8 times higher than those before the booster DOSE (33.6IU/L), respectively
- However anti-HBs levels declined rapidly, the percentage of antibody decrease were 50.5%, 76.5% at 3rd and 6th month after booster DOSE respectively
- In conclusion, our findings indicated that a good response to revaccination with a DOSE of 10 micrograms of hepatitis B vaccine in children were observed.
4864. Rapid disappearance of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis after routine childhood immunisation with conjugate vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccines were administered at age 3-6 months, with a booster DOSE at 14-18 months
4865. Prophylaxis for malaria. Helping world travelers come home healthy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar) may be used to treat presumptive malarial infection if medical care is not immediately available
4866. Efficacy and safety of a Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide-tetanus protein conjugate vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immunogenicity studies showed an antibody response in 70% to 100% of infants after two DOSEs, and in 98% to 100% of infants after three DOSEs, within the first 6 months of life
- Antibodies persisted in 90% of recipients, in whom significant anamnestic responses developed after a booster DOSE at 18 months of age
- In comparison with other available Hib vaccines, PRP-T induces equal or higher mean titers after three DOSEs
- Although licensure of other vaccines interrupted controlled efficacy trials, up to that point five cases of Hib disease in those trials had occurred in placebo recipients, and no Hib disease has been reported in the more than 100,000 vaccinated infants who have received more than one DOSE of PRP-T
4867. Practical significance of rabies antibodies in cats and dogs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Nevertheless, a large number of laboratory experiments and field observations clearly demonstrate that cats and dogs which develop antibodies after vaccination and before challenge have a very high probability of surviving any challenge, no matter how strong the DOSE and which virus strain was used
4868. A strategy to improve the efficacy of vaccination against tuberculosis and leprosy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4869. Long-term immunogenicity safety and efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in healthy adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The seroconversion rates following the 20 mcg DOSE of recombinant vaccine were always higher than those observed after the 10 mcg DOSE, but the differences were not statistically significant
- Also the GMT values were lower after the 10 mcg DOSE of vaccine
- A vaccination DOSE of 20 mcg appears more advantageous for healthy adult subjects.
4870. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of solubilized merozoite-enriched Theileria sergenti immunogens. II: Protection against natural exposure under field conditions.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The soluble antigens (100 mg/DOSE) were fortified with either complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant
- Twenty naive calves, aged one month, were subcutaneously inoculated with the preparation and a booster DOSE was administered 4 weeks later
- Five weeks after the booster DOSE, vaccinates and uninoculated controls were moved to a pasture, a heavily tick infested area in Cheju-do, Korea
4871. The protective efficacy of pili from different strains of Moraxella bovis within the same serogroup against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three groups of ten calves were each immunised with a total of 400 micrograms pili prepared from three separate strains of Moraxella bovis in Alhydrogel-oil adjuvant as two divided, equal DOSEs 21 days apart
- bovis of serogroup A strain S276R was carried out 14 days after the second vaccine DOSE
4872. Comparative immunogenicity of different hepatitis B vaccines among certain high risk groups in India.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- (3 micrograms) respectively in a schedule of 3 DOSEs as recommended by the manufacturers
- A fourth group was administered a combination of the Albugam (2 DOSEs) and Engerix-B (1 DOSE) vaccine
- The sera collected 2 months after the 3rd DOSE showed seroconversion rates to be 100 percent and 95.34 percent respectively in the group which received the Albugam and Engerix-B vaccines respectively
- Those who received all 3 DOSEs of Engerix-B vaccine showed a significantly lower GMT as compared to the above tow groups (GMT--43.14, p < .001, P < .001 respectively)
4873. A controlled trial of a formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in healthy children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The inactivated purified hepatitis A vaccine that we tested is well tolerated, and a single DOSE is highly protective against clinically apparent hepatitis A.
4874. Cross-protection against influenza virus infection afforded by trivalent inactivated vaccines inoculated intranasally with cholera toxin B subunit.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of a monovalent influenza A H3N2 virus vaccine with CTB provided complete cross-protection against the small-volume challenge with a drift virus within the same subtype, but a slight cross-protection against the large-volume challenge
- A second DOSE of another drift virus vaccine increased the efficacy of cross-protection against the large-volume challenge
- Similar cross-protection against H1N1, H3N2, or B type drift virus challenge was provided in the mice having received a primary DOSE of a mixture of H1N1, H3N2, and B virus vaccines with CTB and a second DOSE of another trivalent vaccine
4875. Successful intervention in a group A meningococcal outbreak in Auckland, New Zealand.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children from 2 to 13 years of age received a single DOSE of monovalent Group A meningococcal vaccine
- Children ages 3 to 23 months received two DOSEs at least 1 month apart
- Overall approximately 130,000 DOSEs were delivered; coverage was approximately 90% in the single DOSE target group
- Among the younger children approximately 89% received the primary DOSE
- Only approximately 26% received the recommended "booster" DOSE
- In contrast to this 100% efficacy the efficacy of a single DOSE of monovalent Group A meningococcal vaccine to prevent illness in the youngest children during the 1987 epidemic period was 52% (95% confidence interval (-330%, 95%)) falling to 16% (95% confidence interval, (-538%, 90%)) after 1 year
- However, the prescribed 1 to 3-month interval between the two DOSEs in infants may be too long.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4876. Immunization with oligosaccharide conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (HbOC) vaccine on a large health maintenance organization population: extended follow-up and impact on Haemophilus influenzae disease epidemiology. The Kaiser Permanente Pediatric Vaccine Study Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Since licensure an estimated 162,000 additional DOSEs of HbOC vaccine have been given to 75,000 additional children
- Of these five occurred in children who had received only one DOSE of vaccine in infancy
- One case of Hib meningitis occurred in a 3 1/2-year-old child who had received DOSEs of HbOC at 2, 4 and 6 months of age but no further DOSEs of any Hib vaccines
4877. [Search for inhibitors of West Nile virus among antibiotics].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- contaminated with 10-100 LD50 of the West Nile virus and treated parenterally with gentamicin in a DOSE of 80 to 400 micrograms/mouse was higher than that in the controls by 29.5 to 100 per cent and depended on the drug regimen
4878. Prospects for control of hepatitis B virus infection: implications of childhood vaccination and long-term protection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immune response to vaccine was dependent in part on the DOSE administered, with some enhancement of response if the infant was older at the time of initial injection or if the booster DOSE was given later
4879. [Measles control in the 1990s: perspectives of prevention and eradication with special reference to Africa].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Special emphasis is laid on the vaccine schedule, with particular emphasis on two DOSE schedules, on virus dissemination from town to country, and on two pronged strategies for town and country.
4880. An evaluation of inactivated infectious coryza vaccines containing a double-emulsion adjuvant system.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccines, containing as the adjuvant phase either a double-emulsion mineral oil system or aluminum-hydroxide gel, were administered to 6-week-old chickens as a single DOSE
4881. Protective efficacy against serotype 1 rotavirus diarrhea by live oral rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccines with human rotavirus VP7 serotype 1 or 2 specificity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The titer of the D x RRV vaccine was 10(4) and that of the DS 1 x RRV vaccine was 10(5) plaque-forming units/1-ml DOSE
- Seroconversion by RV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgA antibody was detected in 61 and 75% of the vaccinees receiving a single DOSE of the serotype 1 or 2 reassortant vaccine, respectively
4882. Vaccines against coxiellosis and Q fever. Development of a chloroform:methanol residue subunit of phase I Coxiella burnetti for the immunization of animals.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A total of 2 micrograms of either WC or CMR vaccine was a significant priming DOSE
- The PD50 values for WC and CMR vaccines, administered as a single DOSE, were 0.3 and 1.4 micrograms per animal, respectively
- In contrast, the PD50 values for the WC and CMR vaccines, administered as two DOSEs, were 0.83 and 0.72 micrograms per animal, respectively
4883. Immunisation with canarypox virus expressing rabies glycoprotein.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Twenty-five volunteers were randomly assigned to subcutaneous injections of the recombinant (three groups [A, B, and C] received two DOSEs each of 10(3.5), 10(4.5), and 10(5.5) tissue-culture infectious DOSEs50, respectively) or of human diploid cell culture vaccine (HDC; 6.52 international potency units per DOSE)
- 28 days after the second DOSE, all nine ALVAC-RG group-C subjects and two of three group-B subjects had rabies neutralising antibody concentrations of at least 0.5 IU/ml, the level associated with protection in animals
- Although the geometric mean titre of these antibodies at that time was lower in group C than in the ten HDC recipients (4.4 [range 0.9-12.5] vs 11.5 [4.7-25.3] IU/ml), a single booster DOSE at 6 months induced a recall response in volunteers primed with either vaccine
- Trials of canarypox-virus recombinants at higher DOSEs and by other routes of administration are needed.
4884. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of solubilized merozoite-enriched Theileria sergenti immunogens. I: Protection against homologous stabilate challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Five month old naive Korean calves were subcutaneously inoculated with the preparation and a booster DOSE was administered 4 weeks later
- Nine weeks after the booster DOSE, vaccinates and controls were challenged with a homologous stabilate (5.6 x 10(6) RBC/DOSE, 40% Parasitemia)
4885. Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in Apache and Navajo children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- HbOC (Hib oligosaccharide covalently linked to the nontoxic mutant diphtheria toxin CRM197) produced low antibody responses in Navajo infants after one or two DOSEs but induced responses similar to those in whites after three DOSEs
- PRP-OMP (Hib capsular polysaccharide linked to the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis) produced good immune responses in 2-month-old Navajo and Apache infants after a single DOSE
- Even a single DOSE achieved a high protective efficacy.
4886. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in infancy of oligosaccharide conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in a United States population: possible implications for optimal use.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Extended follow-up revealed that as of 31 December 1990, 30 cases of invasive Hib disease had occurred in 74,699 children; 26 were in unvaccinated children and 4 in children who had received only one DOSE
- No disease occurred in children who had received two or three DOSEs
4887. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in monkeys and humans of invasive Escherichia coli K-12 hybrid vaccine candidates expressing Shigella flexneri 2a somatic antigen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Designated EcSf2a-1, this vaccine produced adverse reactions (fever, diarrhea, or dysentery) in 4 (31%) of 13 subjects who ingested a single DOSE of 1.0 x 10(9) CFU, while at better-tolerated DOSEs (5.0 x 10(6) to 5.0 x 10(7) CFU), it provided no significant protection against challenge with S
- Rhesus monkeys that received EcSf2a-2 in three oral DOSEs of ca
- However, after a single DOSE of 2.5 x 10(9) CFU, 4 (17%) of 23 subjects experienced adverse reactions, including fever (3 subjects) and diarrhea (209 ml) (1 subject), and after a single DOSE of 1.8 x 10(10) CFU, 2 of 4 subjects developed dysentery
- Recipients of three DOSEs of 1.2 to 2.5 x 10(9) CFU had significant rises in serum antibody to lipopolysaccharide (61%) and invasiveness plasmid antigens (44%) and in gut-derived immunoglobulin A antibody-secreting cells specific for lipopolysaccharide (100%) and invasiveness plasmid antigens (60%)
4888. Long term efficacy of hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis in neonates at risk: using different vaccine and schedule.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Eight groups of neonates, 20 in each group, received HBIG either the usual DOSE of 100 IU intramuscularly or intravenously or increased DOSE to 200 IU, combined with different kinds of hepatitis B vaccine either in full DOSE or half DOSE given in different schedules of 0, 1, 2 or 0, 1, 6 months, in some groups also received a booster DOSE at 12 months
4889. A novel role for autologous tumour cell vaccination in the immunotherapy of the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 melanoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The efficacy of the vaccine depended on the DOSEs of both tumour cells and the adjuvant
- While higher numbers of tumour cells were more effective, an optimal DOSE (12.5 micrograms) of C
- The DOSE of irradiation was not a critical factor
4890. Efficacy of whole-cell pertussis vaccine in preschool children in the United States.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccine efficacy for typical paroxysmal cough increased from 44% for one diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine DOSE to 80% for four or more DOSEs
4891. Clinical trial with inactivated hepatitis A vaccine and recommendations for its use.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Symptoms at and after each DOSE; liver function, hepatitis A virus specific serum immune response; and responses in saliva and parotid fluid in immunised volunteers and subjects with natural immunity
- The vaccine was well tolerated; 97% (96/99) and 100% of those immunised developed serum antibody after one and two DOSEs of vaccine respectively
- Geometric mean titres increased progressively after each DOSE and were significantly higher in men but not women in group 2 after the third DOSE (ratio between geometric mean titres 0.265, 95% confidence interval 0.18 to 0.39; p less than 0.001)
4892. Onchocerca volvulus: immunization of chimpanzees with X-irradiated third-stage (L3) larvae.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In order to provide possibly protective exposure to the immunologically distinct L4 epicuticle, a radiation DOSE (45 krad) was chosen which preserved about 50% of the molting ability of unirradiated larvae
4893. Efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in Massachusetts children 18 to 59 months of age.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Before licensure there were no clinical trials of a single DOSE of any conjugate vaccine in children ages 18 months or older
- We conclude that for children ages 18 to 60 months a single DOSE of the Hib conjugate vaccine, PRP-D, is protective against invasive Hib infections
4894. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a Plasmodium falciparum vaccine comprising a circumsporozoite protein repeat region peptide conjugated to Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin A.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Nineteen volunteers received a second DOSE of vaccine at 8 weeks, and eighteen received a third DOSE at 8 to 12 months
- The geometric mean anti-CS immunoglobulin G antibody concentration 2 weeks after the second DOSE of vaccine was 10.6 micrograms/ml (standard deviation = 3.0 micrograms/ml)
- Three separate experimental challenges were conducted with 10 volunteers 2 to 4 weeks after the third DOSE of vaccine
- In a second challenge study using five infected-mosquito bites as the challenge DOSE, three of three malaria-naive control volunteers and two of three immunized volunteers developed malaria
4895. Long-term follow-up of hepatitis B vaccination in susceptible hospital personnel.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two hundred and sixty-seven susceptible hospital personnel who had been randomly divided into three groups to receive different DOSEs (5 micrograms, 2 micrograms or 1 microgram) of a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine on a four-DOSE schedule were investigated annually for 4 years
- This study revealed that low DOSE hepatitis B vaccine can provide satisfactory immunogenic response and long-term efficacy in Chinese adults and that the persistence of immunogenicity is not related to the vaccine DOSE but to the candidate's own initial anti-HBs response.
4896. Studies on efficacy and stability of a vaccine bait containing ERA strain of rabies virus propagated in a BHK-21 cell line.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a DOSE response study in foxes, the median protective DOSE of ERA BHK21 vaccine in a blister pack bait was 10(6.0) tissue culture infective DOSEs (TCID)/mL, while artificially aged baits with titers of 10(6.3) TCID/mL induced seroconversion in 78% of foxes
4897. Safety and efficacy of an attenuated strain of Salmonella choleraesuis for vaccination of swine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccinated pigs were able to maintain normal weight gains during the 4-week observation period following challenge inoculation with a high DOSE of a virulent strain.
4898. New considerations for Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The cost of a single DOSE is similar for the three Hib conjugate vaccines; full immunization with HibTITER is more expensive than with ProHIBiT or PedvaxHIB because four DOSEs are required for completion of the series
4899. [Risk estimates of tuberculosis infection in BCG-vaccinated populations].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 11,455 who were vaccinated only 7,470 were tested with PPD, revaccinated and retested ten weeks later; 3,314 of these were vaccinated in the first trimester of life with a half DOSE and 4,156 received a full DOSE at later ages (75% during the first year, 20% during the second and 5% during the third)
- Data suggest that the method is applicable to estimate the risk of tuberculosis infection in schoolchildren vaccinated with a full DOSE of BCG during the first year of life.
4900. New drug treatments for HIV infection and AIDS. A review following the Seventh International Conference on AIDS, Florence 16-21 June 1991.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4901. [A trial of the intranasal vaccination of adults against measles: the approaches to an alternative revaccination method].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The controls were adult volunteers given one DOSE of the vaccine subcutaneously
- The measles vaccine given intranasally was used in the same or double DOSE
- The double DOSE of intranasally administered vaccine was approximately as effective as a single DOSE given subcutaneously.
4902. Relative persistence capacity of BCG substrains in mouse spleen. Computerized statistical analysis. Multiple comparison.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The early, late, and overall relative persistence capacity reflects the residual virulence of the BCG substrains and provides information on the required protective efficacy (immunogenicity) and adverse reactions (reactogenicity), allowing the appropriate vaccination DOSE, expressed in viable units of the substrain used, to be determined.
4903. [Study on immune persistency of combined diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) triple vaccine].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Immune efficacy and persistency were studied by comparison of two-DOSE immunization of adsorbed DPT at one and two month interval and two & three DOSE immunization of unadsorbed DPT during 1970s and 1980s
- Comparison of two-DOSE immunization of adsorbed DPT at two months interval and three DOSE immunization of unadsorbed DPT showed that antibody response to diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus were satisfied in adsorbed DPT than in unadsorbed one after primary immunization, and there is no difference between primary and booster immunization.
4904. Immune response of cattle to Haemophilus somnus lipid A-protein conjugate vaccine and efficacy in a mouse abortion model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In contrast, abortion did not result when mice were inoculated with the same DOSE of an isolate of H somnus normally found in the prepuce or with the rough mutant Escherichia coli J5
4905. Epidemiology of poliomyelitis in the United States one decade after the last reported case of indigenous wild virus-associated disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The risk of VAPP has remained exceedingly low but stable since the mid-1960s, with approximately 1 case occurring per 2.5 million DOSEs of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) distributed during 1980-1989
- Three distinct groups are at risk of vaccine-associated disease: recipients of OPV (usually infants receiving their first DOSE), persons in contact with OPV recipients (mostly unvaccinated or inadequately vaccinated adults), and immunologically abnormal individuals
- Overall, 93% of cases in OPV recipients and 76% of vaccine-associated cases have been related to administration of the first or second DOSE of OPV
4906. Efficacy of live-attenuated and whole-inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccines against vaginal challenge with virulent SIV.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two of six whole-inactivated SIV vaccinated macaques, three of five live-attenuated SIV vaccinated macaques, and four of six controls became persistently infected after two separate intravaginal inoculations with a 50% animal infectious DOSE of virulent SIV
4907. [Field trial of the Cuban recombinant vaccine against hepatitis B (Heberbiovac HB). Study in newborn infants born to AgsHB+ mothers].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Kline as control group, following the scheme 0, 1 and 2 months with the first DOSE administered in the first 12 hours after birth
4908. Children's vaccine initiative.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4909. Combination therapy of radiation and Sizofiran (SPG) on the tumor growth and metastasis on squamous-cell carcinoma NR-S1 in syngeneic C3H/He mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- SPG was injected im at a DOSE of 5 mg/kg
4910. Immunization of pigs against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with two recombinant protein preparations.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE-response experiment using the single antigens at 200, 50 or 12.5 micrograms per DOSE showed no difference in protection among the groups.
4911. Clinical and bacteriological studies of El Tor cholera after ingestion of known inocula in Thai volunteers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- cholerae obtained may be used as a challenge DOSE in subsequent studies on protective efficacy of cholera vaccines in Thai adult volunteers.
4912. BCG vaccination in malnourished child population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These data do not support the proposal of administering a booster DOSE of BCG to children who were vaccinated during early infancy.
4913. Prophylaxis of Salmonella abortus ovis-induced abortion of sheep by a Salmonella typhimurium live vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In two field trials in Kirgiziya, 78,000 to 100,000 first delivery sheep received a fully tolerated single DOSE of 10(9) c.f.u
4914. Options for immunocontraception and issues to be addressed in the development of birth control vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4915. Impaired response to hepatitis B vaccine in HIV infected children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Eighteen human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vertically infected children (HIV group) and 33 seroreverted children (SR group), who had completed hepatitis B vaccination (Engerix B, 20 micrograms DOSE) were studied
4916. Long-term immunogenicity and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this study we have followed 60 hemodialysis patients up to 3 years after primary hepatitis B vaccination (four DOSEs of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine; Engerix B, 20 mg/DOSE) to evaluate the persistence of immunity (as indicated by serum levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen-anti-HBs-higher than or equal to 10 mIU/ml)
- Fourty-four (73%) patients developed anti-HBs levels above 10 mIU/ml after vaccination; the remaining 16 (27%) vaccinees were considered nonresponders and were given a booster DOSE that again failed to elicit an immunoresponse
4917. BCG in superficial bladder cancer: a review of phase III European trials.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- These phase II trial data led European urologists to try to answer some questions related to BCG therapy, such as the optimal schedule and DOSE, the most effective BCG strain and the value of BCG compared with current chemotherapeutic drugs
- Further studies are required to identify the optimal schedule and DOSE, as well as the best therapeutic efficacy/toxicity ratio.
4918. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carrier status (SANCS) in CAPD patients; is it induced or favored by subcutaneous rHu-erythropoietin?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Patients were divided in four groups according to diabetic status and EPO treatment (mean DOSE 2000 u
4919. Passive immunization against hepatitis A.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Unfortunately, the duration of Ig protection is DOSE dependent, and high DOSE administration provides less than six months protection
4920. Clinical assessment of the safety and efficacy of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine: rationale and summary of findings.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE-range study with HM175 vaccine in adults showed that an antigen DOSE of 720 ELISA units (El.U) produced almost 100% seroconversion after one injection
- This DOSE was therefore chosen as appropriate for adults
- A DOSE of 360 El.U was used in children
- In these studies, 55,259 DOSEs of HM175-derived hepatitis A vaccine have so far been administered
- These studies have shown that a seroconversion rate of 95.7% (1225/1280) is obtained one month after the first vaccine DOSE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4921. Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine: active and passive immunoprophylaxis in chimpanzees.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The minimum protective DOSE of passively acquired anti-HAV was approximately the minimum DOSE detectable by serological means
4922. Effect of hepatitis A vaccination schedules on immune response.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine was well tolerated and 97 and 100% of vaccinees developed a serum antibody response following a single and two DOSEs of vaccine respectively
- Geometric mean titres increased progressively after each DOSE; responses following the 0, 1, 6 month schedule were significantly higher at one year but, among those tested at two years, these differences were less marked
4923. Seroimmunity to poliomyelitis in an Albanian immigrant population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A poliovaccine booster DOSE for all emigree subjects aged less than 15 years is suggested.
4924. Immunization of cats against feline infectious peritonitis with anti-idiotypic antibodies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In cats challenged with a lethal DOSE of virus the control group followed a predictable course of infection ultimately succumbing to FIP
4925. [Evaluation of the immunological response to hepatitis B vaccine in health care professionals].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In order to assess the importance of some of these factors we evaluated the immune response of 86 health care workers who received three DOSEs of H-B-Vax intramuscularly (deltoid), at days 0, 30 and 180
- Serum samples were taken after each DOSE and anti-HBs antibodies were determined by quantitative radioimmunoassay
- The results showed that males had a diminished immune response to the first DOSE of HB vaccine (31.7% x 53.3%, p < 0.05) and had geometric mean titers (GMT) of anti-HBs lower than females at the end of the vaccination program (2109.4 x 2453.8, p > 0.05)
- Smokers had a lower rate of seroconversion after the first DOSE (29.7% x 53.1%, p < 0.05) and reached lower GMT (2015.2 x 2453.8, p > 0.05) than non-smokers
4926. Impaired immune response by isoniazid treatment during intravesical BCG administration in the guinea pig.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A five-fold increase of the DOSE of BCG did not overcome the effect of INH
4927. Protective efficacy of different cell-wall fractions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Mice immunized with these fractions, when challenged with an LD50 DOSE of M
4928. [Professional risk: hepatitis B. Vaccination strategies in a general hospital].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Initially, it was planned to monitor antibody titers against superficial antigen (Anti-HBs) 30 days after the last DOSE
4929. Detection of antibody to the PreS2 sequence of the hepatitis B virus envelope protein using an immuno-ligand assay with a silicon sensor detection system.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4930. Further studies on the development of a live attenuated vaccine against turkey rhinotracheitis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus attenuated by passaging in Vero cells was tested at two different passage levels (15 or 25 passages) and two DOSE levels [10(3) or 10(4) TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious DOSEs) per bird] to determine the efficacy in protecting turkey poults against experimental challenge with virulent TRT virus
- Twelve-day-old poults given the 25th Vero passage TRT virus at a DOSE of 10(3.5) TCID50 per bird were protected against experimental challenge with virulent virus for at least 22 weeks post-primary inoculation
- The 25th passage virus was tested for safety by administering ten times the DOSE (10(4.5) TCID50 per bird) used in the previous trial to a group of 10-day-old turkey poults
4931. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of low dose recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine in normal and high-risk neonates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A low DOSE of recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine (HB-VAX II, MSD) was tested for efficacy in the prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in normal and high-risk neonates born from HBsAg carrier mothers
- A DOSE of 2.5 micrograms recombinant vaccine was injected intramuscularly at 0, 1, 2 and 12 months of age to 30 newborns from HBsAg negative mother (group I), 30 from HBeAg negative/HBsAg carrier mother (group II) and 30 from HBeAg positive/HBsAg carrier mother (group III)
- The seroconversion at month 4, after the third DOSE of vaccination was 96.3, 95.7 and 100 percent in group I, group II and group III, respectively
- After a booster DOSE of vaccination at 12 months of age, the seroconversion rose to 100 percent at month 13 in all three groups
- It is concluded that the low DOSE (2.5 micrograms) recombinant hepatitis B vaccine using alone is effective in prevention of perinatal HBV transmission in low risk infants (groups I and II), but it is less effective in high risk infants (group III).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4932. Model-based comparisons of measles immunization strategies using high dose Edmonston-Zagreb type vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Furthermore, integration of E-Z with the third diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT) DOSE at three-four months should be considered as an alternative option, particularly if combined with some additional coverage at nine months of age.
4933. Efficacy and safety of oral poliovirus vaccine and inactivated poliovirus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The reasons are that enhanced-potency killed polio vaccine is safe, whereas oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is associated with a low, but definite, risk of paralysis, especially after the first DOSE
- The immunity, as measured by antibody concentrations, is at least as good as and, in some circumstances, such as in the tropics or for booster DOSEs, better than that provided by OPV
- The immunity, whether induced by OPV or IPV, involves memory cells and is long lasting, as seen by the rapid secondary response to a booster DOSE
4934. Evaluation of the M37 human rotavirus vaccine in 2- to 6-month-old infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- No clinical protection against rotavirus diarrhea was observed in the group vaccinated with the 10(4) PFU DOSE; the number of infants vaccinated with 10(5) PFU was too small for evaluation of vaccine efficacy
- The M37 vaccine in a titer of 10(4) PFU was found to be inadequate; the 10(5) PFU DOSE was more immunogenic than the lower DOSE and warrants further study for clinical efficacy.
4935. Safety and immunogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa conjugate A vaccine in cystic fibrosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A booster DOSE given at 12 months led to an anamnestic response
4936. [Variations of the immunological parameters and the clinical response in 25 children treated with thymopentin].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thymopentin was administered at a DOSE of 0.5 mg/Kg three times a week for three weeks
4937. Effect of stage of gestation on efficacy of Brucella abortus strain-19 vaccination in cattle.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Seventy-nine cattle in all stages of gestation were inoculated with a low DOSE (2.5 x 10(8) colony-forming units) of Brucella abortus strain 19, then challenge exposed with pathogenic B abortus strain 2308 during the subsequent gestation
- Results supported the hypothesis that stage of gestation at vaccination will affect the prevented fraction of brucellosis, or efficacy of strain 19, in cattle vaccinated with a low DOSE and, therefore, is one factor that may explain variation in strain 19-induced protection.
4938. [Increasing the radioprotective therapeutic efficacy of typhoid vaccine using sexta-anatoxin in combination with the antimetabolite methotrexate].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A typhoid vaccine with sexta-anatoxin delivered to mice 4.5-5 h after gamma-irradiation has a pronounced therapeutic effect: survival rate is 42% with radiation DOSE of 8.2 Gy (LD85/30) and 19% with radiation DOSE of 8.7 Gy (LD95/30)
4939. Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis for travellers: are the benefits worth the cost?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The use of pre-exposure prophylaxis in travellers was not cost-effective and will not become so until the price of a DOSE of vaccine declines substantially to $7.00 for the Peace Corps, and even lower for groups with less rabies exposure
4940. Intradermal hepatitis B vaccination in a large hospital employee population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Participants received the plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine by the standard schedule at 0, 1 and 6 months, and serum samples were collected at 3, 8, 12 and 24 months after the first DOSE
4941. Safety and immunogenicity of hydrogen peroxide-inactivated pertussis toxoid in 18-month-old children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All children had previously received three DOSEs of DTP during infancy
- Both dosages of PTxd induced higher IgG antibody (p less than 0.05 for 10 micrograms DOSE and p less than 0.01 for 50 micrograms DOSE) and pertussis antitoxin responses (p less than 0.01 for 50 micrograms DOSE) than DTP
- The 50 micrograms DOSE gave slightly higher (though not significantly) antibody responses than the 10 micrograms DOSE of PTxd
4942. [Antibiotic therapy in maternal-fetal infections].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Each DOSE should be increased twofold in patients with meningeal involvement
- The interval between aminoglycoside DOSEs depends on the degree of renal maturity and therefore on gestational age
4943. Efficacy of HSV-1 ISCOM vaccine in the guinea-pig model of HSV-2 infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The results show that female guinea-pigs immunized with two DOSEs of HSV-1 ISCOM vaccine, each consisting of 20 micrograms of protein given 2 weeks apart responded with high ELISA and neutralization antibody titres, and are almost completely protected against the clinical effects of intravaginal challenge with 10(5.2) TCID50 of HSV-2
- This cross-protection is significantly greater than that observed in guinea-pigs immunized with a single DOSE of HSV-1 ISCOM vaccine, two DOSEs of aqueous HSV-1 antigen preparation or two DOSEs of a mock ISCOM vaccine
4944. Immunogenicity and safety of a live Pasteurella anatipestifer vaccine in White Pekin ducklings: laboratory and field trials.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine did not cause any untoward signs or mortality in one-day-old ducklings exposed to ten times the recommended DOSE
4945. Relative tumor inhibitory and stimulatory activities of BCG vaccine preparations, lots and substrains in a quantitative mouse sarcoma bioassay.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Assay of various BCG substrains, lots and killed preparations revealed characteristic patterns of BCG DOSE-dependent tumor inhibition and enhancement that suggest the existence in the vaccine of multiple active components, the relative concentrations of which vary among cultures
- Inhibition of tumor growth by high DOSEs of BCG (greater than 10 micrograms dry weight) was found to be a function of total cell mass and not of the bacterial viability, suggesting that this activity is dependent upon one or more heat-stable components.
4946. Evaluation of the efficacy of a low-passage bovine rotavirus (strain WC3) vaccine in children in Central Africa.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Each child received two DOSEs of either placebo (235 children) or vaccine (237 children) at a 1-month interval, the first DOSE being given at 3 months of age
- During the follow-up survey 9 months after the first DOSE, 117 rotavirus diarrhoeas were observed, 59 in the placebo group, 58 in the vaccinated group
4947. Mumps outbreak in a highly vaccinated population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Students vaccinated more than 4 years before the outbreak appeared to have a higher attack rate than those vaccinated more recently (relative risk (RR) = 4.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.6, 30.0); however, this association did not exist when risk was evaluated based on number of vaccine DOSEs received
- Students who had documentation of receiving only one DOSE of vaccine were at greater risk than those who had received two DOSEs (RR = 5.2; 95% CI = 1.0, 206.2)
- The recent change in immunization policy to recommend a two-DOSE schedule of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine should help reduce the occurrence of mumps outbreaks in highly vaccinated populations.
4948. The possible influence of antibiotics on results of bacillus Calmette-Guérin intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4949. Antibody responses after immunization with killed oral cholera vaccines during the 1985 vaccine field trial in Bangladesh.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two weeks after three DOSEs of vaccine, geometric mean antitoxin titers were 2.5-4.5 times higher in vaccinees who received the WC/BS vaccine; the vibriocidal titers were 1.3-2.1 times higher in vaccinees who received either vaccine
- The titer elevations were relatively brief and were barely detectable 7 months after the third DOSE even though significant levels of protection persisted greater than or equal to 3 years
4950. An evaluation of the cross-protection afforded by inactivated infectious coryza vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Four groups of twenty six-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were either given a single DOSE of an aluminium-hydroxide based vaccine (three groups) or left as unvaccinated controls
4951. Safety and efficacy of the cell-associated vaccine prepared by an attenuated infectious laryngotracheitis virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In addition, the C-A vaccine was safe when chickens were inoculated with 10 DOSEs
4952. A comparative trial of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of Takeda acellular pertussis vaccine combined with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. Outcome in 3- to 8-month-old infants, 9- to 23-month-old infants and children, and 24- to 30-month-old children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Good antibody responses to pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and agglutinogens occurred in all age groups after both the third and fourth DOSEs
- After the fourth (booster) DOSE, the mean antibody values in initially seronegative infants vaccinated at 3 to 8 months of age were as follows: anti-PT, 67.8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units (EU) per milliliter; anti-FHA, 149.5 EU/mL; the agglutinin titer was 125.6
- Except for drowsiness after the first DOSE in infants, there were no clinically significant differences in reactions between infants and older children
4953. Adjuvant effect of human growth hormone with an inactivated flavivirus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This formulation produced complete protection in a murine model with only one DOSE of vaccine, apparently by binding hormone and antigen to an insoluble matrix containing aluminium hydroxide
4954. Evaluation of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a candidate parainfluenza virus type 3 subunit vaccine in cotton rats.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Groups of animals were immunized twice, 4 weeks apart, with graded DOSEs of vaccine administered either alone or with aluminium phosphate (AlPO4)
- The minimum immunogenic DOSE of vaccine was 0.1 microgram HN and F when the vaccine was given alone and 0.01 microgram when the vaccine was administered with AlPO4 adjuvant
4955. The efficacy in Navajo infants of a conjugate vaccine consisting of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide and Neisseria meningitidis outer-membrane protein complex.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The infants were randomly assigned to receive the first DOSE of vaccine or placebo at 42 to 90 days of age and the second at 70 to 146 days of age
- Among the children who received both DOSEs, there was 1 H
- Between the first and second DOSEs there were no H
- Protection begins after the first DOSE.
4956. Clinical experience with PedvaxHIB, a conjugate vaccine of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide--Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A significant and consistent antibody response was seen after a single DOSE of the vaccine in all age groups, including infants as young as 2 months of age
4957. Experience in Finland with Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After a booster DOSE at 14-18 months, no failure cases have occurred during the follow-up period
4958. Efficacy of SIV/deltaB670 glycoprotein-enriched and glycoprotein-depleted subunit vaccines in protecting against infection and disease in rhesus monkeys.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, the glycoprotein-depleted vaccine appeared to moderate the progression of SIV-induced disease compared with non-immunized infected control monkeys inoculated with the same challenge DOSE
4959. Potentials of Shigella flexneri Y strain TSF21 as a candidate vaccine against shigellosis: safety, immunogenicity and protective efficacy in Bonnet monkeys.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE of 10(11) cells when fed orally mimicked natural infection in having invaded epithelial cells, but was otherwise clinically non-reactogenic
- Animals immunized with two oral DOSEs, each DOSE consisting of 1 x 10(11) mutant bacteria, were fully protected when challenged, with respect to the lack of any clinical symptoms or detectable histological abnormalities in the intestinal mucosa
- Titres of serum antibodies increased by about 11-fold of the base level in animals immunized with a DOSE of 10(11) cells, but not with lower DOSEs
4960. Mass protection program of perinatal hepatitis B virus infection in Japan and impact of an optional booster vaccination on its efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We also evaluated the impact of optional follow-up procedures in such infants, including an evaluation of anti-HBs response and a booster DOSE of HBV vaccine for poor responders
- Furthermore, the present study showed that a booster DOSE of vaccine in poor responders was very effective in promoting an anti-HBs response
4961. [The immunogenicity of a cultured inactivated hepatitis A vaccine].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The challenge DOSE of HAV was unable to produce any signs of HAV infection in the vaccinated tamarins, although the booster effect was observed in some animals
4962. Lack of immune response to the Vi component of a Vi-positive variant of the Salmonella typhi live oral vaccine strain Ty21a in human studies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The volunteers received either one DOSE of 5 x 10(5), 5 x 10(7), or 5 x 10(9) cfu or three DOSEs of 5 x 10(9) cfu of lyophilized vaccine and were observed for adverse effects on a research isolation ward
- The vaccine was well tolerated; however, at the highest DOSE, 13% of volunteers had mild diarrhea
- Vaccine was shed in the stool of most volunteers at the higher DOSEs for 1-4 days
4963. Prospective randomized comparison of intravesical with percutaneous bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin in superficial bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Intravesical Tice BCG was given in a DOSE of 50 mg
4964. The protective efficacy of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in newborn infants of hepatitis B e antigen-positive-hepatitis B surface antigen carrier mothers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- They were randomized into 2 groups, A (54 infants) and B (56 infants), to receive 4 DOSEs of vaccine, containing 20 or 10 micrograms of surface antigen, respectively, at 0, 1, 2 and 12 months of age
- An additional 60 high risk infants were recruited later (Group C) and received three 20-micrograms DOSEs of vaccine at 0, 1 and 6 months of age
- All infants also received a DOSE (145 IU) of hepatitis B immunoglobulin soon after birth
4965. Effect of passive antibody on the immune response of cotton rats to purified F and G glycoproteins of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The effect of passively transferred RSV immune serum on the antibody response to a single DOSE of purified RSV fusion (F) and large (G) glycoproteins was studied in cotton rats
- Passively transferred antibody that achieved serum antibody levels similar to those seen in newborn human infants resulted in a seven- to eightfold suppression of the neutralizing antibody response of cotton rats to low DOSEs of purified F and G glycoproteins (0.2-1.7 micrograms) and a twofold suppression to higher DOSEs of these antigens (5-15 micrograms)
- These results suggest that parenteral immunization with RSV antigens could be less immunogenic in seropositive human infants, but that this suppressive effect might be partially overcome with increased antigen DOSE.
4966. Chemotherapeutic value of parvaquone and buparvaquone against Theileria annulata infection of cattle.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Parvaquone was injected into 86 animals with up to three DOSEs of 20 mg kg-1 or 10 mg kg-1 at intervals of 48 hours between DOSEs
- Up to three DOSEs of 2.5 mg kg-1 were injected with an interval of 48 hours between DOSEs
- It is concluded that buparvaquone at a DOSE of 2.5 mg kg-1 has a satisfactory therapeutic index and is a more effective treatment of T annulata infection than parvaquone
4967. A field study of the safety and efficacy of two candidate rotavirus vaccines in a Native American population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Infants aged 2-5 months were randomized to receive one DOSE of either 10(4) pfu of the rhesus rotavirus vaccine or 10(8) pfu of the RIT 4237 vaccine or placebo
4968. Integration of hepatitis B vaccination into rural African primary health care programmes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Coverage for hepatitis B vaccine at first, second, and third DOSEs; serological assessment of vaccine efficacy by prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen in infants who had completed the three DOSE course of immunisation; antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen to determine if natural infection occurred
- Vaccine coverage for hepatitis B dropped sharply from 99% to 53% to 39% for the first, second, and third DOSE respectively
- In contrast, vaccine coverage was maintained at 97-99% for the three DOSEs of poliomyelitis vaccine
- Serological evaluation of vaccine efficacy showed that only 3.5% of recipients of all three DOSEs failed to develop antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen
- Only 6.6% of vaccine recipients were vaccinated according to either the early or later schedules whereas 93.4% received their DOSEs of vaccine at intervals beyond the limits of either of the planned schedules
4969. Efficacy in infancy of oligosaccharide conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (HbOC) vaccine in a United States population of 61,080 children. The Northern California Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center Pediatrics Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Between February, 1988, and June, 1990, the HbOC vaccine was given as part of a three-DOSE series at 2, 4, and 6 months of age to 20,800 infants
- There were 25 cases of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in the study population: 22 in unvaccinated children and 3 in children who received only one DOSE of HbOC vaccine
- The efficacy of the full three-DOSE series was evaluated by several methods: a primary analysis comparing fully vaccinated children with unvaccinated children from 7 to 18 months of age; a stratified exact analysis adjusted for age and seasonality; and a case-control analysis which further adjusted for known risk factors
- The efficacy of three DOSEs of vaccine was 100% with the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval for the three analyses at 68, 71, and 64%, respectively
- There were no cases of disease resulting from two DOSEs of HbOC vaccine yielding an estimate of 100% efficacy (95% confidence interval, 47 to 100) for two DOSEs of HbOC vaccine
- However, for children who had received only one DOSE of HbOC vaccine, vaccine efficacy was estimated to be 26% and the possibility that one DOSE of HbOC vaccine had no efficacy could not be excluded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4970. Safety and immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in a high risk American Indian population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One DOSE of the Hib-OMP was given to 42 children who were from 12 and 60 months of age
- Ninety-two infants 6 to 8 weeks old were given one DOSE of Hib-OMP at the time of enrollment
- A subsequent DOSE of the vaccine was given 2 months later and a third DOSE was offered between 12 and 15 months of age
4971. High-dose inhibition and low-dose enhancement of murine sarcoma growth exhibited by BCG vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A BCG DOSE of 0.156-1.56 mg dry weight significantly inhibited tumor formation, but a BCG DOSE of 0.156-1.56 micrograms significantly enhanced tumor growth, evidenced by increased tumor incidence, volume and initial growth rate
- These antagonistic activities may contribute to the high variability of BCG anti-cancer efficacy seen in animals and humans and indicate the need to exercise caution when employing even low DOSEs of BCG for cancer immunotherapy.
4972. Efficacy of two doses of RIT 4237 bovine rotavirus vaccine for prevention of rotavirus diarrhoea.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Primary rotavirus ELISA IgM responses were detected in 36% of the infants after the first vaccination; after the second DOSE 68% of the vaccinees were seropositive for rotavirus ELISA IgG antibody
- It is concluded that vaccination with a bovine rotavirus vaccine at birth and at 7 months of age, with the second DOSE given shortly before rotavirus epidemic season, protects infants against moderately severe and severe rotavirus diarrhoea in the first 2 years of life.
4973. Immunotherapy of sepsis syndrome: a comparison of the available treatments.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- High-DOSE polyclonal human immunoglobulins have been shown to be of benefit in both gram-positive and gram-negative infections in two small clinical trials and deserve further evaluation
4974. Potentiation of the efficacy of murine L1210 leukemia vaccine by a novel immunostimulator 7-thia-8-oxoguanosine: increased survival after immunization with vaccine plus 7-thia-8-oxoguanosine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine was prepared by irradiating L1210 leukemia cells in a cesium source with a total of 6000-R DOSE
- Treating mice (n = 66) with one, two or three DOSEs of 7T8OG administered i.p
- Mice immunized with one, two or three DOSEs of vaccine had 14.5 +/- 1.1, 45.4 +/- 6.2 and 68.3 +/- 10.6 days mean survival, respectively
4975. [An effective method for the estimation and comparison of the ED50 with small sample sizes].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In ED50 experiments the relationship between DOSE and probability of response is often modelled by the probit function
- The methods are easily extended to the effective DOSE for any other reasonable percentage of animals, e.g
- Experiments concerning lethal DOSEs can be analysed by these methods as well
4976. Five-year follow-up of vaccination against hepatitis B virus in newborns vaccinated with a reduced number of doses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Anti-HBs seroconversion rate was 96% after the second DOSE, a value similar to that obtained in older children
4977. Immunizing efficacy of aromatic-dependent Salmonella dublin in mice and calves.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- dublin strain CS90, the degree of protection being the greatest when mice had received 3 immunizing DOSEs at weekly intervals
- Mice immunized with 1 DOSE of aro- S
- route developed low levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin-specific antibody but no delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) whereas those immunized with 2 or 3 DOSEs developed significantly higher antibody titres and DTH
- Challenge of mice previously immunized with 3 DOSEs of the aro- S
4978. Potency of leptospiral vaccines and protection against chronic infection in golden hamsters.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A protection of the organs that prevents vaccinated animals from shedding leptospires after infection clearly depends on the vaccine DOSE administered and the efficacy of the vaccine which can be measured in potency tests based on the survival rate as the relevant parameter.
4979. Strategies to improve immunization services in urban Africa.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- New developments in vaccines, such as the high-DOSE Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine, will allow changes in the immunization schedule that facilitate the control of specific diseases
4980. Lack of efficacy of the standard potency Edmonston-Zagreb live, attenuated measles vaccine in African infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Use of the standard DOSE of E-Z vaccine may have been one of the factors for this poor response, and this supports the WHO recommendation that titres higher than the standard potency vaccine are needed if 6-month-old infants are to be successfully immunized against measles.
4981. [Comparative serological efficacy of the measles vaccine strains Edmonston-Zagreb, Schwarz and AIK-C in Togolese infants of 4-5 months and 8-10 months].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To examine the value of vaccinating children against measles at age 4-5 months three groups of children in Togo were randomly assigned to receive high-DOSE Edmonston-Zagreb, high-DOSE Schwarz, or AIK-C vaccines at that age
- For the 55% of children who were seronegative before vaccination at age 4-5 months, the seroconversion rates were 96% with the AIK-C, 94% with the Edmonston-Zagreb, and 50% with the high-DOSE Schwarz
- The immune response rates for children who were seropositive before vaccination were estimated to be around 50% with the high-DOSE Edmonston-Zagreb and AIK-C strains and 10% with the Schwarz strain
- Thus vaccinations with the high-DOSE Edmonston-Zagreb or the AIK-C strain at 4-5 months as good as vaccination with the AIK-C strain at 8-10 months better than vaccination with the standard DOSE Schwarz strain at 8-10 months
- These findings require confirmation by further investigations, particularly epidemiological studies, but they already provide evidence that administration of AIK-C and high-DOSE Edmonston-Zagreb strains at 4-5 months is at least as effective as vaccination with the standard strains at 8-10 months.
4982. Preparation and use of an autogenous bacterin against infectious coryza in chickens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Hens were vaccinated with a single DOSE or two DOSEs of the bacterin at 15 and 18 weeks of age
- A single DOSE was less protective with both vaccines.
4983. Clinical studies on efficacy and safety of an acellular pertussis vaccine in Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 56 unimmunized children, 48 developed clinically diagnosed pertussis, and of 80 children who received recommended DOSEs of the vaccine, only four contracted the disease after the household exposure
- Severe local reactions occurred in 2.5/100,000 recipients of a third and fourth DOSE of the vaccine during 1984-1989.
4984. Neonatal tetanus: countdown to 1995.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4985. The epidemiology and prevention of disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Are there significant differences in the efficacy for infants of the different licensed conjugate vaccines? Are the differences in the recommended schedules of immunization for the different vaccines justified? Would a combination of an initial DOSE of PRP-OMP (which is the most immunogenic vaccine in 2-month-old children) followed by subsequent DOSEs of HbOC or PRP-T provide better overall protection than a schedule that uses only a single vaccine? Although much more research remains to be done, these vaccines, which have been recommended for routine universal immunization of infants in the United States, give us the capability of effectively preventing this potentially devastating infection of children.
4986. [Rotavirus infections and their prevention with vaccines in children].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Present candidate rotavirus vaccines are live vaccines, with oral administration of bovine or simian rotaviruses; recombinant and polyvalent strains were constructed and were under evaluation; a better strategy for DOSE administration, target population and interference with other live vaccines is in progress.
4987. Measles outbreaks in the Mozambican refugee camps in Malawi: the continued need for an effective vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children were being inappropriately vaccinated, either being vaccinated at less than six months of age (2-29%) or failing to receive a second DOSE if vaccinated at six months (0-25%)
- These outbreaks again indicate the need to improve vaccine coverage with the existing Schwarz vaccine, and also highlight the urgent need for an effective single DOSE measles vaccine for children less than nine months of age.
4988. Limited efficacy of a Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in Alaska Native infants. The Alaska H. influenzae Vaccine Study Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After one, two, or three DOSEs there was no significant protective efficacy with the vaccine; after three DOSEs the efficacy was only 35 percent (95 percent confidence interval, -57 to 73)
- influenzae type b anticapsular antibody in recipients of the vaccine became significantly higher than levels in those who received placebo only after the second and third DOSEs
- Even after the third DOSE, only 48 percent of the vaccinated infants had antibody levels of more than 0.1 microgram per milliliter (geometric mean titer, 0.18)
- Antibody responses did not vary with the level of maternally acquired antibody, degree of Alaska Native ancestry, or age at time of the first or second immunizations, but they increased with increasing age at time of the third DOSE (P less than 0.001)
4989. A randomized, prospective field trial of a conjugate vaccine in the protection of infants and young children against invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After three DOSEs of the vaccine there were 4 cases of verified bacteremic H
- The primary immunization series resulted in a geometric mean concentration of anticapsular antibody of 0.53 micrograms per milliliter at the age of seven months, and the fourth DOSE evoked an anamnestic response, with a mean antibody concentration of 45.22 micrograms per milliliter
4990. Evaluation of WC3 rotavirus vaccine and correlates of protection in healthy infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of WC3 rotavirus vaccine was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of healthy infants 2-12 months of age; 103 received one DOSE of vaccine and 103 received placebo
4991. [Serological evaluation of immunization against measles with 2 doses administered at 6 and 11 months of age: a prospective study].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A prospective study was designed to evaluate the serologic efficacy of a two DOSE measles vaccination schedule, at 6 months and 11 months of age
- Seroconversion rates 6 to 12 months (mean of 8.0 +/- 1.7 months) following the second DOSE of measles vaccine were 88.5% (85/96) by IFA and 96.8% (93/96) by ELISA
- In regions where a significant proportion of measles cases occurs before nine months of age, vaccination with a two DOSEs schedule, at 6 and 11 months of age, may represent an alternative for measles control.
4992. Availability of meningococcal vaccine in single-dose vials for travelers and high-risk persons.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
4993. Preliminary data on efficacy of Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccines containing different adjuvants in laying hens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Other chickens received the same bacterins but supplemented with Salmonella typhimurium cell wall protein mitogen (STP) (50 micrograms/DOSE)
- The challenge DOSE/chicken was 1.3 x 10(5) CFU of MG (R-strain)
4994. Enhanced pulmonary histopathology is observed in cotton rats immunized with formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or purified F glycoprotein and challenged with RSV 3-6 months after immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At 1 month following immunization with one DOSE of purified F glycoprotein (5 micrograms), cotton rats developed levels of F antibodies (ELISA) higher than the other groups, but these antibodies had the lowest level of neutralizing activity, Little increase in antibody titre was seen following a second DOSE of FI-RSV or purified F vaccine given at 1 month
4995. Efficacy of a killed gpX deleted pseudorabies virus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination of pigs with one DOSE of experimental vaccines adjuvanted with 50% Montanide ISA 50 or 20% Syntrogen induced a protective immunity at least equal to that induced by two commercially available killed PRV vaccines also evaluated
4996. Efficacy of oral poliovirus vaccine in rural communities of North Arcot District, India.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The protective efficacy of three DOSEs of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) was measured in children under five in the rural blocks of North Arcot District
- Among cases and controls 24 and 42%, respectively, had received three DOSEs of OPV, while 44 and 33% had received none
- This may be achieved by a five-DOSE OPV schedule, annual OPV immunization campaigns in addition to the routine three-DOSE schedule or by using inactivated poliovirus vaccine of enhanced potency.
4997. Response to tetanus toxoid immunization after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 21 patients immunized with one DOSE of tetanus toxoid 1 year after transplant, 14 were seronegative at the time of immunization (response rate, 64%)
- Ten patients were reimmunized with two DOSEs of tetanus toxoid
- When 21 patients were primarily immunized with three DOSEs of tetanus toxoid, all patients seronegative at immunization responded and all tested patients remained seropositive 2 years later
- The immunization responses were significantly superior in patients receiving three DOSEs compared with those who received one
- A three-DOSE immunization schedule is recommended to obtain an adequate immune response.
4998. Comparison of live attenuated cold-adapted and avian-human influenza A/Bethesda/85 (H3N2) reassortant virus vaccines in infants and children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Randomized, placebo-controlled studies with 10(3)-10(7) 50% tissue-culture infectious DOSE (TCID50) of avian-human (ah) and cold-adapted (ca) influenza A/Bethesda/85 (H3N2) reassortant viruses were completed in 106 seronegative young children 6-48 months of age
- The 50% human infectious DOSE was 10(4.6) TCID50 for ah and 10(4.4) for ca vaccines
4999. Enhancement of the protective efficacy of inactivated influenza A virus vaccine in aged mice by IL-2 liposomes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE-dependent, vaccine-induced protection of aged and young Balb/c mice against lethal influenza A virus challenge has been demonstrated
- Low DOSE formalin-inactivated influenza A virus vaccine was protective in young mice, but not in aged mice, while a higher DOSE was protective in both
- Administration of low DOSE vaccine with IL-2 liposomes conferred protection comparable to the high DOSE in aged mice
- Serum neutralizing antibody responses were stimulated by vaccine in a DOSE-dependent manner while IL-2 liposomes significantly enhanced responses in the low DOSE paralleled protection in young but not in aged mice
5000. A school-based measles outbreak: the effect of a selective revaccination policy and risk factors for vaccine failure.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a retrospective cohort study of single-DOSE vaccines in one school, age at vaccination was not associated with risk of disease; however, persons vaccinated greater than or equal to 10 years before the outbreak were at increased risk, independently of age at vaccination
5001. [A trial of a cultured inactivated vaccine against hepatitis A on Saguinus mystax tamarins].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The immune response to 10 ng of the immunogen was lower than to 100 ng, however, both DOSEs produced complete resistance to infection
- The vaccine batch under study in the indicated DOSEs was shown to have a good immunogenic potency and protective activity for tamarins.
5002. Peptide vaccines derived from a malarial surface antigen: effects of dose and adjuvants on immunogenicity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5003. Vaxstrate: an anti-reproductive vaccine for cattle.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine comprises an immunogenic GnRH:ovalbumin conjugate formulated in a novel double adjuvant system and is administered in a two-DOSE treatment regimen
5004. Protective efficacy of a novel hepatitis B vaccine consisting of M (pre-S2 + S) protein particles (a third generation vaccine).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Animals were injected intramuscularly three times at 4-week intervals with DOSEs of 10 or 40 micrograms (as a protein) of TGP-943
- There were no significant differences in the immunogenicity of 10 micrograms compared to that of 40 micrograms of TGP-943 in terms of anti-S antibody response, while the induction and persistence of anti-pre-S2 antibodies seemed DOSE-related
5005. [The efficacy of a cultured rabies vaccine studied on guinea pigs previously infected with the rabies street virus].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5006. [Low-dose BCG in the therapy of superficial neoplasms of the bladder].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The preliminary results of a randomized ongoing study performed in order to evaluate the efficacy and the relative toxicity of a low DOSE (75 mg)
- In conclusion, the low DOSE (75 mg.) Pasteur BCG regimen used in our trial was effective as a prophylaxis against recurrent superficial papillary tumors and as a treatment of carcinoma in situ, with a significant decrease in toxicity.
5007. Immune protection of infants against rotavirus gastroenteritis by a serotype 1 reassortant of bovine rotavirus WC3.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Infants 2-11 months of age were given two DOSEs of vaccine (10(7.3) plaque-forming units/DOSE) or of placebo 28 days apart
- The incidence of serum plaque reduction neutralization antibody responses to two DOSEs of vaccine was serotype 6, 97%; serotype 3, 68%; and serotype 1, 22%
5008. Immunization against hepatitis B--what can we expect? Results of a survey of antibody response to immunization in persons 'at risk' of occupational exposure to hepatitis B.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 63 persons who received a fourth DOSE of vaccine, 26 developed anti-HBs titres greater than 100 IU/l when tested after 6 months
- Subjects who had a low level of anti-HBs following primary immunization were more likely to develop greater than 100 IU/l anti-HBs following a booster DOSE than were non-responders (less than 10 IU/l).
5009. An efficacy trial of the rhesus rotavirus vaccine in Maryland. The Clinical Study Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral rhesus rotavirus vaccine at a DOSE of 10(4) plaque-forming units was performed in 114 young infants in Maryland
5010. Evaluation of the infectivity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of live cold-adapted influenza B/Ann Arbor/1/86 reassortant virus vaccine in adult volunteers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The ca reassortant was attenuated and elicited the production of systemic and local antibodies; the 50% human infectious DOSE was 10(6.4) TCID50
5011. [Thymopentin as adjuvant therapy in the hepatitis B vaccination of non- or hyporesponsive subjects].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thymopentin (Sindtomodulina, Italfarmaco)--was given in DOSEs of 50 mg 3 times a week for 3 consecutive weeks, a booster DOSE of the vaccine (40 mcg HB VAX injected into the deltoid muscle, or 10 mcg HEVAC subcutaneous) being given at the start of the second week
5012. Polyvalent group B streptococcal immune globulin for intravenous administration: overview.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, GBS-IVIG enhanced survival from infection with all strains tested, even when the challenge DOSE of GBS was increased by 2 log units
5013. Vaccination of fowl with inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine by the respiratory route.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSE-response to various vaccination schedules was studied in birds of various ages with or without maternal antibodies
- A single application with a vaccine DOSE of 1 to 10 mg allantoic dry matter by the it or the aerosol route resulted in moderate titres in adult birds, while a DOSE of 0.1 mg still had a priming effect
- In one-day-old SPF chicks DOSEs of 1 to 10mg given with adjuvant induced only low titres but protection was present following challenge at 3 to 4 weeks of age, while 0.2 mg had no effect
- Twice weekly aerosol exposure, with a DOSE of about 0.2 mg, induced HI titres of 8 to 9 in 9-week-old hens after four exposures
- Five aerosol vaccinations with DOSEs of about 0.1 mg but with adjuvant were effective in young chicks with or without maternal antibodies
5014. Isolation and characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of Streptococcus suis: efficacy trial of the mutant vaccine in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Minimum lethal DOSE (MLD) values were calculated for four virulent serotypes (1/2, 1, 2, 3) of S
5015. Development and persistence of antibody in a high risk institutionalized population given plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three hundred and twenty-two (322) persons with severe mental handicaps were given plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine (20 micrograms DOSE at 0, 1 and 6 months)
5016. Vaccine prophylaxis of abattoir-associated Q fever: eight years' experience in Australian abattoirs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Volunteers in four abattoirs and visitors to the abattoirs were given one subcutaneous DOSE of 30 micrograms of a formalin-inactivated, highly-purified Coxiella burnetii cells, Henzerling strain, Phase 1 antigenic state, in a volume of 0.5 ml
5017. Evaluation of killed and modified live porcine rotavirus vaccines in cesarean derived colostrum deprived pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Both controls and pigs which received killed vaccines intraperitoneally, orally or intramuscularly shed virus in the feces for 7 days post-challenge and virus peak titers approached 10(7) fluorescent antibody infectious DOSE (FAID)50/g feces
5018. Immunization with baculovirus-expressed VP4 protein passively protects against simian and murine rotavirus challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Newborn mice suckled on VP4-immunized dams were protected against a virulent challenge DOSE of the simian strain RRV and against murine rotavirus Eb
5019. Effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The difference in the effectiveness of the PRP-D vaccine between the prospective trials, in which a three-DOSE schedule had been used beginning at 2 to 3 months of age, was clinically important (37% v
- The vaccination of children at high risk, such as native children, with the PRP-D vaccine using a four-DOSE schedule (at 2, 4, 6 and 14 months of age) seems warranted
- The currently available evidence does not strongly support a policy of universal vaccination with either a one-DOSE or a four-DOSE schedule.
5020. Phase I clinical trials with three formulations of anti-human chorionic gonadotropin vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Eleven women, however, demonstrated hypersensitivity to test DOSE at the time of the booster injection
5021. Prospective study of diarrheal diseases in Venezuelan children to evaluate the efficacy of rhesus rotavirus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Twenty-two of 151 infants who received placebo (14.6%) and eight of 151 receiving a 10(4) PFU DOSE of vaccine (5.3%) had rotavirus diarrhea during the follow-up period for an efficacy level of 64% against any rotavirus diarrhea
- A 10(3) PFU DOSE tested initially in 18 children did not appear to protect against rotavirus diarrhea.
5022. Persistence of anti-HBs and protective efficacy after administration of hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Five vaccinated volunteers who had developed anti-HBs after the basic vaccination, but whose acquired antibody level became negative within 4.5 years following the first vaccination, were administered a booster DOSE of 20 micrograms of HBsAg 4.5 years after the first vaccination
5023. Comparison of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine alone or in combination with hepatitis B immune globulin for the prevention of perinatal acquisition of hepatitis B carriage.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Neonates received either a 10 micrograms DOSE of vaccine alone or the same DOSE of vaccine plus 0.5 ml HBIg within 12 h of birth
5024. Efficacy of one or two doses of Ty21a Salmonella typhi vaccine in enteric-coated capsules in a controlled field trial. Chilean Typhoid Committee.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In this trial, 82,543 schoolchildren were randomly assigned to receive one or two DOSEs of Ty21a vaccine in enteric-coated capsules or placebo
- Vaccine efficacy in the first two years after vaccination was 59% for two DOSEs and 29% for one DOSE; no efficacy was found 3-5 years after vaccination
5025. Evaluation of immunosuppressive effect and efficacy of an improved-potency feline leukaemia vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An inactivated feline leukaemia vaccine was tested to determine if process improvements would permit it to be effectively used in a two-DOSE primary regimen versus the three-DOSE regimen required for a previous vaccine
- Twenty-five cats were vaccinated with two subcutaneous DOSEs given 3 weeks apart
- Vaccinates and controls were artificially immunosuppressed to enhance susceptibility to challenge, and inoculated with virulent feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) 2 weeks after the second DOSE
- Results indicated that vaccination with two DOSEs was an effective immunoprophylactic regimen in the face of FeLV challenge severe enough to produce persistent viraemia in 60% of non-vaccinated controls.
5026. [Hepatitis B vaccine: a new force against pandemic diseases].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5027. Postoperative active specific immunization in curatively resected colorectal cancer patients with a virus-modified autologous tumor cell vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5028. [Causes of ineffectiveness of BCG vaccination and its impact on childhood tuberculosis].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The reasons of a low efficacy of BCG vaccination include inadequate BCG vaccination techniques, incomplete administration of the inoculation DOSE, etc
5029. Evaluation of RIT 4237 bovine rotavirus vaccine in newborn infants: correlation of vaccine efficacy to season of birth in relation to rotavirus epidemic period.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single oral DOSE of bovine rotavirus vaccine RIT 4237 or placebo was given to 2 groups of 5-day-old infants, born in October 1984 (n = 244) and June 1985 (n = 245), who remained in follow-up for 2.8 and 2.0 years, respectively
5030. Cold recombinant influenza B/Texas/1/84 vaccine virus (CRB 87): attenuation, immunogenicity, and efficacy against homotypic challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Healthy susceptible young adults were inoculated intranasally with increasing DOSEs of wild-type influenza B/Texas/1/84, or the cold-adapted vaccine possessing the genes specifying the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of the wild-type parent and the six internal genes of cold adapted B/Ann Arbor/1/66 (CRB 87)
- Most volunteers inoculated with 10(6.6)-10(7.6) TCID50 of CRB 87 were infected, but a high frequency of serum antibody responses was seen only at the highest DOSE (17/29; 59%)
- The DOSE of CRB 87 necessary to infect 50% of all human volunteers (1 HID50) was approximately 10(5.4) TCID50
- Thirteen volunteers were rechallenged with a second 10(7.6) TCID50 DOSE of CRB 87 3-4 months after vaccination
- The frequencies of mild upper respiratory symptoms and signs, virus shedding, and infection were significantly reduced in prior vaccinees compared with volunteers inoculated with a similar DOSE for the first time
5031. Amantadine and rimantadine for the prevention of influenza A.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The DOSE of drug that is most appropriate is under study
5032. Nonclinical pharmacologic and toxicologic considerations for evaluating biologic products.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Prior to a Phase 1 clinical study, products are studied preclinically to establish evidence of pharmacologic activity, gain an understanding of the mechanism of action, evaluate the potential human risk, and establish a clinical study DOSE range
- This presentation of considerations is based on an analysis of what has been done in recent years as a basis for initiating Phase 1 studies (first administration of drugs to humans) and progressing to Phase 2/3 studies (evaluation of optimal DOSE, effectiveness, and safety in humans), while I was Assistant Director (Pharmacology/Toxicology) of the Office of Biologics and since, as Assistant Director (Pharmacology/Toxicology) of the Office of Drug Evaluation II and a consultant to the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research.
5033. Poliomyelitis: 20 years--the Pondicherry experience.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 66.3% of cases had not received even a single DOSE of oral polio vaccine and 14.7% cases were vaccine failures (in the years 1983-1987)
- Ensuring early administration of multiple DOSEs of oral polio vaccine to infants and avoiding intramuscular injections in young febrile children are important measures for the control of poliomyelitis--a continuing problem in Southern India.
5034. [Experience with anti-hepatitis-B vaccination using a recombinant DNA vaccine, in students of dentistry at the University of Perugia].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- About two months after the third DOSE, all the vaccinees had seroconverted and 70.4% of them showed antibody titres between 1,000 greater than or equal to 10,000 UI/l
5035. Protection of cotton rats against human respiratory syncytial virus by vaccination with a novel chimeric FG glycoprotein.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- FG vaccination was effective by three routes of administration, following a single DOSE, and when administered with different adjuvants.
5036. Vaccination route, infectivity and thioglycollate broth administration: effects on live vaccine efficacy of auxotrophic derivatives of Salmonella choleraesuis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two DOSEs given i.p
- By contrast two DOSEs given intravenously (i.v.) gave almost complete protection against i.p
- or oral challenge with 500 LD50 and some protection against larger DOSEs
- DOSEs of these strains (c
5037. Preliminary assessment of a Haemophilus parasuis bacterin for use in specific pathogen free swine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In trial 1, ten pigs received 5 mL of bacterin subcutaneously in the neck, followed by a second 5 mL DOSE two weeks later
- One week after the second DOSE, all pigs were subjected to an aerosol challenge containing the strains of H
5038. Intradermal hepatitis B immunization with yeast-derived vaccine: serological response by sex and age.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two hundred and sixteen received a full course of three DOSEs of vaccine
- A fourth intradermal DOSE of vaccine given to 60 volunteers who had shown a low response (less than 38 mIU/ml) or no serological response to a three-DOSE course stimulated a good booster effect (to 150-600 mIU/ml) in only 5 (8%).
5039. Measles vaccination: influence of age on its efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Group A, comprising 117 children who had received the vaccine before 12 months of age and a second DOSE at 12 months of age or more
- Group B, comprising 46 children who had received only one DOSE, before 12 months of age
- Group C, comprising 79 children who had received only one DOSE, at 12 months of age or more
- The results obtained in this study favor the use, in developing countries, of a vaccination program against measles that includes an early first DOSE at eight months of age and revaccination after 12 months of age.
5040. Validation of a first-generation Epstein-Barr virus vaccine preparation suitable for human use.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After challenge with a massive 100% carcinogenic DOSE of EB virus, the vaccinated tamarins had a strikingly low level of circulating EB virus-carrying mononuclear cells, in contrast to a control animal, and remained entirely free of tumours
5041. Lymphocytes generated by in vivo priming and in vitro sensitization demonstrate therapeutic efficacy against a murine tumor that lacks apparent immunogenicity.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Although a broad range of numbers of MCA 102 tumor cells appeared to be effective, generation of pre-effector cells was dependent on the DOSE of C
- parvum DOSE of 25 micrograms was optimal, whereas higher DOSEs of the adjuvant had suppressive effects
5042. Efficacy of a commercial bacterin in protecting strain 13 guineapigs against Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- On day 30 following the second DOSE of bacterin (study day 51), 12 vaccinated and 12 PBS sham-vaccinated animals were exposed to an inhaled DOSE of 4.3 x 10(5) CFU of B
5043. Protection of guinea pigs from Lassa fever by vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the nucleoprotein or the envelope glycoproteins of Lassa virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccine efficacy trials in guinea pigs indicated that both the nucleoprotein and the envelope glycoproteins are capable of eliciting a protective immune response against a lethal DOSE of Lassa virus
5044. Comparison of two plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccines: long-term report of a prospective, randomized trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three DOSEs of vaccines were given at 0, 1, and 5 months for both vaccines
- A fourth DOSE was given after 12 months to subjects who did not develop an anti-HBs titre of 10 miu/mL at month 6
- Most hypo/non-responders did not respond to the fourth DOSE of vaccine
5045. Protective efficacy of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine in neonates of HBe antigen-positive mothers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The infants received a 10-micrograms DOSE of the vaccine within 12 hours of birth and additional DOSEs 1, 2, and 12 months later
5046. Hepatitis, HIV infection and AIDS: some issues for the practitioner.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A booster DOSE at 5 years is recommended
5047. Immunogenicity of the intradermal route of hepatitis B vaccination with the use of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two additional seroconversions occurred, resulting in an overall conversion rate of 90% for recipients of up to four intradermal vaccine DOSEs
- Efficacy and safety can be maximized by employing a fourth vaccine DOSE and routinely documenting seroconversion after vaccination.
5048. Iscom of viral envelope proteins protects against Aujeszky's disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the first experiment, sheep were intramuscularly (i.m.) or intradermally (i.d.) vaccinated with PRV iscom DOSEs varying between 1 and 81 micrograms
- vaccinated with single DOSEs of iscom varying between 1 and 27 micrograms and challenge-infected on Day 14
- administration (2); a single DOSE of greater than or equal to 3 micrograms of PRV iscom provided protection against the disease
5049. Hepatitis B immunization in high risk neonates born from HBsAg positive mothers: comparison between plasma derived and recombinant DNA vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A half DOSE recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (HBVax II, MSD, 5 micrograms) was investigated for efficacy in the prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in high risk neonates born from e-antigen positive HBsAg carrier mothers as compared to the half-standard DOSE regimen of plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine (HBVax, MSD, 10 micrograms)
5050. Progress in vaccines against typhoid fever.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three DOSEs of Ty21a in an enteric-coated formulation given within one week provided 69% efficacy for at least four years
- Fewer DOSEs conferred less protection, while adding a fourth DOSE significantly enhanced protection; increasing the interval between DOSEs did not improve protection
5051. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of rotavirus WC3 vaccine in 5-12 month old infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An oral DOSE was given to 25 French infants 5-12-months old (mean age 8.6 months)
5052. [Results of neonatal vaccination against hepatitis B in Frosinone].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Non-responders (anti HBs less than 10 mUI/ml) were given an extra DOSE of vaccine (0.5 ml I.M.)
- 85 neonates accomplished vaccination receiving three injections of HBVAX; 4 neonates received only one DOSE as their parents refused to continue vaccination
- Two neonates (non-responders) out of 85 required another DOSE of vaccine, but only one seroconvertion appeared
5053. Duration of immunogenicity and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in a Yupik Eskimo population.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During the 5 years after the first DOSE of vaccine, in three responders and one person with an antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen response lower than 10 sample ratio units, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen developed, and the level of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen was boosted
5054. Prevalence of hepatitis B in children in a high risk New Zealand community, and control using recombinant DNA vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two hundred and fifteen healthy children were randomised to receive either 3 x 5 micrograms DOSEs or 3 x 10 micrograms DOSEs of Smith Kline Biologicals Engerix B recombinant DNA (rDNA) hepatitis B vaccine into the deltoid muscle at 0, 1 and 6 months
- They were tested for seroconversion and levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) one month after DOSE 3
- Geometric mean titres (GMT) or anti-HBs in IU/L were higher with 10 micrograms DOSEs
5055. Carrier-induced epitopic suppression is initiated through clonal dominance.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Injection of mice with an immunogenic DOSE of carrier followed by immunization with hapten-carrier conjugate selectively suppresses anti-hapten antibody response
5056. Persistence of immunity to varicella in children with leukemia immunized with live attenuated varicella vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three hundred one of the patients received two DOSEs of vaccine and 136 received a single DOSE of vaccine from 1 of 10 lots from two manufacturers
- Seroconversion occurred in 88 percent of the 437 children after the first DOSE of vaccine and in 98 percent after one or two DOSEs
- Two DOSEs of vaccine appeared to be no more effective than a single DOSE
5057. Intradermal hepatitis B vaccine in thalassaemia and sickle cell disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thirty two patients with beta thalassaemia and sickle cell disease who were having regular blood transfusions were selected to test the efficacy and immunogenicity of low DOSE (2 micrograms or 0.1 ml) intradermal hepatitis B vaccine compared with the standard (20 micrograms or 1 ml) intramuscular DOSE
- The results of this study suggest that low DOSE intradermal hepatitis B vaccination is an effective and economical way of stimulating an immune response in patients with beta thalassaemia and sickle cell disease.
5058. Protection of Peruvian children against rotavirus diarrhea of specific serotypes by one, two, or three doses of the RIT 4237 attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind field trial of RIT 4237 attenuated rotavirus vaccine in Lima, Peru, evaluated the protection against diarrheal illness by one, two, or three DOSEs of vaccine
- Three DOSEs of the vaccine provided 40% protection against any diarrheal illness associated with rotavirus alone but 58%-75%; protection against the more severe rotaviral illnesses
- Three DOSEs provided up to 89% efficacy against more severe diseases due to serotype 1 rotavirus, and one DOSE also afforded significant protection
- The protection was lower, even with three DOSEs, against serotype 2 rotavirus
5059. Hepatitis B vaccination of relatives of hepatitis B virus DNA positive carriers: an experience with plasma-derived vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A consecutive group of 103 HbsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc negative household relatives of 45 HBV-DNA positive chronic carriers received a 5 micrograms DOSE of plasma-derived vaccine at 0, 1, 2 and 12 months
5060. [Risk of overvaccination against tetanus--who is deciding: the National Board of Health and Welfare or the manufacturer?].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5061. [Analyses of the effects of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (Tokyo 172 strain) therapy of superficial bladder cancer].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The BCG Tokyo 172 strain (Japan BCG K.K.) was given for 8 weeks, as a rule, in a DOSE of either 80 mg or 120 mg in 40 ml of saline instilled into the bladder
- High response rates were obtained in the patients with Ta or T1 tumors, irrespective of the treatment DOSE; 65.4% CR, 27.3% PR and 7.3% NC for all
5062. Efficacy of a homoeopathic prophylaxis against experimental infection of calves by the bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two groups of parasite-free calves, one of which had been treated with four DOSEs of a homoeopathic oral vaccine for parasitic bronchitis due to Dictyocaulus viviparus and the other with a placebo, were infected at the rate of 25 infective larvae/kg bodyweight 18 days after the final DOSE
5063. Tissue responses to low protracted doses of high LET radiations or photons: early and late damage relevant to radio-protective countermeasures.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Early and late murine tissue responses to single or fractionated low DOSEs of heavy charged particles, fission-spectrum neutrons or gamma rays are considered
- Low DOSE rates per fraction were used in some neutron experiments
- Split-DOSE lethality studies (LD 50/30) with fission neutrons indicated greater accumulation of injury during a 9 fraction course (over 17 days) than was the case for gamma-radiation
- When total DOSEs of 96 or 247 cGy of neutrons or gamma rays were given as a single DOSE or in 9 fractions, a significant sparing effect on femur CFU-S depression was observed for both radiation qualities during the first 11 days, but there was not an earlier return to normal with DOSE fractionation
- During the 9 fraction sequence, a significant sparing effect of low DOSE rate on CFU-S depression was observed in both neutron and gamma-irradiated mice
- Sustained depression of femur and spleen CFU-S and a significant thrombocytopenia were observed when a total neutron DOSE of 240 cGy was given in 72 fractions over 24 weeks at low DOSE rates
- The temporal aspects of CFU-S repopulation were different after a single versus fractionated neutron DOSEs
- After high single DOSEs of neutrons or gamma rays, a significant age- and radiation-related deficiency in host defense mechanisms was detected by a shorter mean survival time following challenge with transplantable leukemia cells
- Comparison of DOSE-response curves for life shortening after irradiation with fission-spectrum neutrons or high energy silicon particles indicated high initial slopes for both radiation qualities at low DOSEs, but for higher DOSEs of silicon, the effect per Gy decreased to a value similar to that for gamma rays
5064. Immunoprophylactic control of bovine babesiosis: role of exoantigens of Babesia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Such immunogens have been tested for immunogenicity of different strains, minimal protective DOSE, and protective efficacy of a combined B
5065. [Results of an anti-hepatitis-B vaccination in a population at risk].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We have followed the vaccination protocol advised by the producer firm: subcutaneous administration in the deltoid region of three DOSEs at one month intervals
- One year after the third DOSE a further one was administered
- Each DOSE of vaccine contains 5 micrograms of purified and inactivated HBsAg
- 30 days after the first DOSE, HBsAb was present in 7.3% of the subjects; this percentage increased until 26.5% after the second DOSE and until 77.7% after the third one
- One month after the fourth DOSE 95.6% appeared serologically protected against HBV
5066. Immunogenicity of a yeast-recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in high-risk children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After third DOSE of vaccine (at 0, 1, and 6 months), all children had anti-HBs responses with titers of 10 mIU/ml or more, with 81% showing responses greater than 1,000 mIU/ml
5067. Measles immunisation before the age of nine months? Position statement by the expanded programme on immunisation of the World Health Organisation.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5068. Vaccinia colon oncolysate immunotherapy for murine hepatic metastases can be modulated with low-dose interleukin-2. Third place winner: Conrad Jobst Award.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A murine colon cancer hepatic metastases model was developed via intrasplenic injection of C-C36 tumor cells in syngeneic Balb/c mice to determine the potential efficacy of vaccinia colon oncolysate (VCO) immunoprophylaxis and therapy with and without low-DOSE interleukin-2 (IL-2) immunomodulation
- IL-2 (Hoffman-La Roche, Nutley, NJ) was administered at a DOSE of 25,000 units intraperitoneally twice daily for three consecutive days, prophylactically, therapeutically immediately after tumor challenge (early), or 9 days after tumor challenge (late)
5069. Treatment of murine hepatic metastases with vaccinia colon oncolysates and IL-2.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To evaluate the feasibility and utility of vaccinia colon oncolysates (VCO) and low-DOSE interleukin-2 (IL-2) immunotherapy for advanced colon cancer, we have developed a murine model and tested the efficacy of combined treatment regimens
- In the second set of experiments, animals were treated with either the identical regimens or therapeutically with VCO (same DOSE, sc, 2 and 10 days following challenge) and/or IL-2 (same DOSE, ip BID, on Days 9-11 following challenge)
5070. Protective efficacy of plasma-derived hepatitis beta vaccine in preventing perinatal transmission of HBV infection in infants of HBsAg/HBeAg positive mothers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Group A (69 infants) received full-DOSE HB vaccine, group B (70 infants) received half-DOSE HB vaccine at birth, 1 month, 3 months and group C (65 infants) were untreated control group
- From the practical point of view and economic reasons administration of full-DOSE HB vaccine give better protection to high risk infants.
5071. Comparison of live, attenuated H1N1 and H3N2 cold-adapted and avian-human influenza A reassortant viruses and inactivated virus vaccine in adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The 50% human infectious DOSE was 10(4.9) for ca H1N1, 10(5.4) for ah H1N1, 10(6.4) for ca H3N2, and 10(6.5) TCID50 for ah H3N2 reassortant virus
5072. Non-replicating oral whole cell vaccine protective against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea: stimulation of anti-CFA (CFA/I) and anti-enterotoxin (anti-LT) intestinal IgA and protection against challenge with ETEC belonging to heterologous serotypes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Young healthy volunteers were administered two oral DOSEs, one month apart, of approximately 3 x 10(10) vaccine cells
- In this study, two groups of 8 vaccinees were challenged with a diarrheagenic DOSE of virulent ST + LT + ETEC of heterologous serotype; one group was challenged with a CFA/I-positive 063: H- strain and the other group was challenged with a CFA/II-positive 06: H16 strain
5073. Evaluation in non-human primates of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the F or G glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Owl monkeys inoculated with a single intradermal DOSE of vaccinia-A2-F and vaccinia-A2-G were completely resistant to infection of the lower respiratory tract with live RSV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
5074. Hepatitis B immunization in high risk neonates born from HBsAg and HBeAg positive mothers: comparison of standard and low dose regimens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A reduced DOSE of plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine (Hevac B) was tested for efficacy in the prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in high risk neonates born from e-antigen positive HBsAg carrier mothers
- Forty newborn infants born of these mothers were given hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) 100 IU intramuscularly immediately after birth, combined with either standard or reduced DOSEs of HBV vaccine
- The standard DOSE of HBV vaccine (5 micrograms) was given to group I, while infants in group II received reduced DOSE (2 micrograms) at birth and at 1, 2 and 12 months of age
- Anti-PreS2 antibody was detected in high titre as early as 4 months after the first DOSE of HBV vaccine, with a geometric mean titre of 116.30 mlU/ml and 107.97 mlU/ml, in group I and group II, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
5075. Hepatitis B virus: the importance of age at infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Second, if funds are limited, greater impact will be gained by immunising a larger number of children with low DOSEs of vaccine so that they are protected during the early years of life when the risk of chronic carriage is highest, rather than using the standard DOSE in a smaller number of children even though protection may be longer lasting with standard DOSEs
5076. Comparison of active and combined passive/active immunization of Navajo children against Haemophilus influenzae type b.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- influenzae b capsular polysaccharide antibody after a single DOSE of HbOC, a proportion similar to that of saline controls (9 of 25, 36%)
- After a second HbOC DOSE at 4 months 88% had antibody concentrations of 0.15 microgram or more, and after a third DOSE at 6 months all had antibody levels greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram/ml
- influenzae b CP antibody concentrations of greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram/ml at 4 months (P less than 0.001 relative to "HbOC alone" group) and subsequently responded similarly to second and third DOSEs of HbOC vaccine as did also the "HbOC alone" group
- We conclude that combined passive/active immunization with bacterial polysaccharide immunoglobulin and HbOC at 2 months maintains antibody at concentrations thought to be protective (greater than or equal to 0.15 microgram/ml) without interfering with the active antibody response to second and third DOSEs of HbOC at 4 and 6 months of age.
5077. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a new recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Under randomized double-blind conditions, 220 medical students were vaccinated with either a 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 micrograms DOSE of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B or a 20 micrograms DOSE of a plasma-derived vaccine
- After 11 months, all vaccinees received a 20 micrograms booster DOSE of the recombinant vaccine
- Mean anti-HBs levels varied between 150 and 1470 IU/l after 3 vaccinations, with the lowest DOSE resulting in the lowest titres
- Following the booster vaccination, DOSE-dependent effects were no longer observed
5078. Protective immunity evoked by locally administered group A streptococcal vaccines in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5079. Trial of high-dose Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine in Guinea-Bissau: protective efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a randomised study of 558 children in an urban African community, the protective effect of the Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) measles vaccine given in a DOSE of 40,000 plaque forming units from the age of 4 months was compared with the effects of a standard DOSE (6000 tissue culture infectious units) of Schwarz measles vaccine given from the age of 9 months
5080. Use of a live oral vaccine to immunize turkeys against erysipelas.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two vaccine treatments (2 weeks apart) with the live vaccine, each treatment consisting of two DOSEs (4 x 10(9) organisms/DOSE), were effective in inducing protection
- Turkeys vaccinated similarly with live vaccine DOSEs containing 10(5) or 10(7) organisms/DOSE were not protected against challenge
5081. Failure of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immune globulin to protect chimpanzees against experimental challenge with HIV.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The preparation, which we termed HIVIG, neutralized 100 tissue culture 50% infective DOSEs (TCID50) of HIV at an average dilution of 1:1000 in neutralization tests in vitro
- At a DOSE of 9-10 ml/kg of body weight both the virus-inactivated source plasma and the final immunoglobulin preparation were noninfective and without adverse effect in two chimpanzees
5082. The current status of typhoid vaccine development and clinical trials with typhoid vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three DOSEs of Ty2la in an enteric-coated formulation given within one week provided 69% efficacy for at least four years
- typhi (single 25 mcg DOSE) was safe and immunogenic and provided 64-72% protection (for at least 17-21 months) in controlled field trials in Nepal and South Africa.
5083. Immune production of interferon by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from calves infected with BHV1 and PI3 viruses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Spontaneous IFN-gamma production was only seen in calves following a second BHV1 inoculation, given four to seven weeks after the primary DOSE
5084. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of recombinant live oral cholera vaccines, CVD 103 and CVD 103-HgR.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The resultant strain, CVD 103, evaluated for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy as a live oral vaccine, was highly attenuated and elicited strong antibacterial and antitoxic immune responses; a single DOSE significantly protected volunteers against challenge with pathogenic V cholerae O1 of either serotype or biotype
5085. Virulence properties and protective efficacy of the capsular polymer of Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumoniae serotype 5.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5086. Potency testing of BCG vaccines on white mice: influence of variables on survival time, lung findings and vaccine assessment.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the strains of mice used mainly in this study (NMRI and Albany), the median survival time of a group was roughly doubled in the sensitive range of the test system either by a twofold increase in the immunization period, a threefold decrease in the challenge DOSE or a 100-fold or less increase in the vaccine DOSE
- With a vaccination-challenge interval of 21 days or more, a 50 microliter vaccine DOSE generally induces a significant increase in the survival times of the vaccinated animals versus non-vaccinated controls
- With increasing immunization periods (vaccination-challenge interval), however, a difference in the efficacy of several vaccines or vaccine DOSEs will be evened out.
5087. Comparative safety and efficacy against Bacillus anthracis of protective antigen and live vaccines in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- anthracis, but only at DOSEs of Sterne greater than or equal to 0.1 50% lethal DOSE
5088. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of four Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccines in Finnish 24-month-old children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In our study 137 children received the now recommended 25-micrograms DOSE of 1 of 4 H
- influenzae type b PRP vaccines currently available, and an additional 86 children received half this DOSE corresponding to the 12.7 micrograms used in 1974
- Furthermore the now recommended DOSE of 25 micrograms did not give results (geometric mean concentrations, 2.38 to 3.45 micrograms/ml) differing from those after a 12.5-micrograms (2.01- to 3.45-micrograms/ml) DOSE which was used in 1974
5089. Prevention of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus-induced lymphoma in cottontop tamarins by vaccination with the EB virus envelope glycoprotein gp340 incorporated into immune-stimulating complexes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Cottontop tamarins have been vaccinated with the major envelope glycoprotein of EB virus, gp340, incorporated into immune-stimulating complexes (iscoms) and were thereby protected against a 100% lymphomagenic DOSE of virus
5090. Immunisation of neonates at high risk of hepatitis B in England and Wales: national surveillance.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All but a few infants received the first immunising DOSE within 48 hours after birth
- At 1 year 11 of the 127 (9%) infants given four or more DOSEs of specific hepatitis B immunoglobulin were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen compared with four of the 20 given three or fewer DOSEs; 11 had levels of hepatitis B surface antibody greater than 50 IU/l
5091. Low dose hepatitis B vaccination in children: benefit of low dose boosters.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Fifty eight children aged 5-12 years (mean 9.3 years) who had received three x 2 micrograms of Merck Sharp and Dohme (MSD) H-B-Vax intramuscularly at time 0, 1, 6 months were given a further 2 micrograms DOSE 12 months after DOSE 3 and tested for immune response two weeks later
- The geometric mean titre of anti-HBs rose from 106 IU/L before, to 15,759 IU/L after the booster DOSE
- This study demonstrates that 8 micrograms of H-B-Vax given as four DOSEs is at least as immunogenic in children as 30 micrograms of the same vaccine given as recommended and that the low DOSE strategy is appropriate for this expensive vaccine.
5092. Immunogenicity and efficacy of orally administered inactivated influenza virus vaccine in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Virus-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses to all these methods were DOSE-dependent and varied according to immunization conditions
5093. Efficacy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine in long term prevention of HBV infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccines (Hevac B) were given for 3 DOSEs, one month apart, to 38 children aged 1 month - 14 years and 61 adults aged 15-45 years
- Anti-HBs could not be detected in 4 children and 11 adults and this occurred only in the group of subjects who had initial anti-HBs less than 100 mlU/ml at 2 months after the last DOSE of vaccination
- It is recommended that everyone with anti-HBs values below 100 mlU/ml two months after the last DOSE of vaccine should be revaccinated with a booster DOSE within 6 months
5094. [Oral vaccination with live attenuated rotavirus].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A randomized, double-blind trial was performed to assess serological response and clinical protection for acute gastroenteritis due to rotavirus in 103 children aged 6 to 18 months, after a single DOSE of RIT 4237 live attenuated bovine rotavirus vaccine or placebo
5095. Duration of immunity and efficacy of an oil emulsion Escherichia coli bacterin in cattle.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An oil emulsion Escherichia coli bacterin administered in 1- and 2-DOSE vaccination regimens was evaluated in beef cattle
- Titers of 24 cows vaccinated with a single 2-ml DOSE of bacterin were compared with those of 24 cows given a 2-DOSE regimen and with those of 23 nonvaccinated cattle (contemporary controls)
- Inoculum consisting of 1.2 X 10(12) viable enterotoxigenic E coli/DOSE administered to nursing calves from these dams yielded 0% mortality (0 deaths/20 calves) in calves from 1-DOSE vaccinates, 6% mortality (1 death/18 calves) in calves from 2-DOSE vaccinates, and 37% mortality (7 deaths/19 calves) in calves from nonvaccinated dams
- Serologic titers to the K99 pilus antigen were compared in 1-DOSE, 2-DOSE, and nonvaccinated cattle in groups of 8, 6, and 6, respectively
- Calves from these dams were inoculated with 8.1 X 10(11) viable enterotoxigenic E coli/DOSE, which resulted in 0% mortality (0 deaths/5 calves) in calves from 1-DOSE vaccinates, 0% mortality (0 deaths/5 calves) in calves from 2-DOSE vaccinates, and 80% mortality (5 deaths/6 calves) in calves from nonvaccinated dams.
5096. Clinical study of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Subjects were divided into four groups given 5 micrograms vaccine subcutaneously, 10 micrograms subcutaneously, 10 micrograms intramuscularly and 20 micrograms subcutaneously to define the effective DOSE and to compare the effect of administration
- These results demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the yeast-derived vaccine, and show that 10 micrograms was the effective DOSE.
5097. Placebo-controlled trial of two acellular pertussis vaccines in Sweden--protective efficacy and adverse events. Ad Hoc Group for the Study of Pertussis Vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After 7-13 weeks 3724 infants received a second DOSE
- Small local reactions occurred more often in the vaccinated infants than in those who received placebo, especially after the second DOSE of the two-component vaccine
- During 15 months of follow-up from 30 days after the second DOSE, culture-confirmed whooping cough (cough and a positive culture of Bordetella pertussis) occurred in 40 placebo, 27 LPF-toxoid vaccine, and 18 two-component vaccine recipients
5098. Clinical efficacy of a new, enhanced-potency, inactivated poliovirus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The clinical efficacy for one DOSE of N-IPV was 36% (95% confidence interval 0%, 67%) and for two DOSEs was 89% (95% CI 62%, 97%).
5099. Efficacy and safety of acellular pertussis vaccine in Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 35 unimmunized children 29 developed clinically diagnosed pertussis, and of 52 children who received two or more DOSEs of the vaccine only two developed disease after the household exposure
- Severe local reaction occurred in 2.65/100,000 recipients of a third and fourth DOSE of the acellular vaccine.
5100. Markers of cell-mediated immunity after vaccination with an inactivated, whole-cell Q fever vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5101. Efficacy of low-dose intradermal hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5102. Intranasal immunization of hamsters with envelope glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Only partial protection, however, was observed in animals immunized subcutaneously with the same DOSE of antigen
5103. Prophylactic treatment of chronic bronchitis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A one-time DOSE of pneumococcal vaccine and the annual use of killed influenza vaccine are also reasonable
5104. Evidence for a high attack rate and efficacy of erythromycin prophylaxis in a pertussis outbreak in a facility for the developmentally disabled.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Most residents were adolescents and adults and had received a full course of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis (DTP) vaccine; IRs increased with increasing time after the last DTP DOSE in fully vaccinated residents
5105. Functional activities of human antibody induced by the capsular polysaccharide or polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This finding was shown by the significantly lower incidence of bacteraemia and the 5-fold lower DOSE of antibody required for 50% protection against bacteraemia in rats receiving the PRP-D induced antisera
5106. Duration of immunity after hepatitis B vaccination: efficacy of low-dose booster vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We studied 245 hospital employees 3 years after primary vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine to determine the prevalence of immunity indicated by levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen of 10 mIU/mL or greater; and to compare the immunogenicity of low-DOSE intradermal vaccine with standard-DOSE intramuscular vaccine in persons found to be seronegative
- Many healthy adults will need periodic boosters of hepatitis B vaccine to maintain production of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen; low-DOSE intradermal booster schedules may be feasible.
5107. [Prevention of infections in chronic bronchitis using vaccination and/or immunomodulation].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Finally, it is necessary to have better knowledge of the mode of administration and of the DOSEs administered corresponding to the optimal efficacy of the vaccines.
5108. Volunteer studies of deletion mutants of Vibrio cholerae O1 prepared by recombinant techniques.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vibrio cholerae O1 A-B- vaccine strain JBK 70 and A-B+ CVD 101 prepared by recombinant DNA techniques from pathogenic EI Tor Inaba N16961 and classical Ogawa 395, respectively, were fed to 38 volunteers in single DOSEs of 10(4) to 10(10)
- Recipients of a single DOSE of JBK 70 were significantly protected when challenged with 10(6) wild-type N16961
- Genetically engineered strains can be colonizing, highly immunogenic, and protective single-DOSE oral vaccines, but they must be further attenuated before they can be considered for use as public health tools.
5109. Age at pertussis immunization as it relates to current epidemiology and disease control.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Available data suggest that even very young infants develop a protective response to a multi-DOSE series of pertussis vaccine
- The approach in the United States has been to recommend pertussis vaccination early in infancy, usually giving pertussis vaccine in combination with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids as DTP at 2, 4 and 6 months of age with a fourth DOSE at 15-18 months and a booster DOSE at 4-6 years just prior to school entry
5110. Efficacy of an inactivated porcine parvovirus (PPV) vaccine under field conditions.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5111. Clinical studies on efficacy and safety of acellular pertussis vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The attack rate of the disease was 0.01-0.02% in children with a history of recommended DOSEs of the vaccine
- Severe erythema and swelling of the inoculated arm to the wrist were observed in 16 children (3.06/100,000 DOSEs) after the third DOSE or after the booster DOSE
5112. Preliminary report on household contact studies of the prevention of pertussis in Japanese children by Takeda diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine combined.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 1), 1985) Immunization of children is initiated at two years of age with a booster DOSE one year later
5113. Adoptive therapies: quo vadis?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- As the question on how to optimize IL-2 DOSE, schedule, cell culture conditions, and other specifics of IL-2 plus LAK therapy are addressed in clinical trials, other approaches suggested by data from in vitro, animal, and the clinical studies using IL-2 are emerging into clinical trials
5114. Aerosol infection test for evaluation of pertussis vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Does response relationships were observed between the DOSE of the vaccines, APV or WPV, and B
- Higher DOSEs of the vaccines or immunogens resulted in reduced numbers of colonies of B
5115. Cervical carcinoma: an experimental approach.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At 20 months postvaccination, neutralizing antibody activity to herpes simplex viruses was detected in the sera of the mice which had received the highest vaccine DOSE
5116. Prevention of hepatitis B infection in health care workers after accidental exposure.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A second DOSE was given 1 month later
- In another group of 28 persons, a single DOSE of HBIg was given within 3 days followed by the first DOSE of HB vaccine (HEVAC-B Pasteur 10 micrograms) within 7 days after exposure
5117. Biological characteristics of Marek's disease vaccine CVI-988 clone C1.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Groups of chickens with bivalent (HVT/SB-1) vaccine-induced maternal antibodies were equally protected by a double DOSE of CVI-988 clone C vaccine
5118. Prevention of typhoid fever in Nepal with the Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi. A preliminary report.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the clinical trial, residents of five villages were given intramuscular injections of either Vi or, as a control, pneumococcus vaccine dispensed in coded, randomly arranged, single-DOSE syringes
5119. Vaccination of dairy calves with bovine adenovirus type 3.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Calves were first vaccinated when they were less than one week old; a second DOSE was given 10-14 days later
5120. Experience with hepatitis B vaccination in nurses in a hospital for the mentally handicapped.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In only 2 of 20 non-responders did lasting immunity develop with a fourth DOSE of vaccine
- In vaccinees with an initial titre above 100 IU/l the decrease in titre could be reversed by a booster DOSE
- Those with a titre below 100 IU/l had a variable response to the booster DOSE and lasting immunity developed in only a few
- A recall system was started that predicts when a booster DOSE will be required to maintain a protective level of antibody
5121. The efficacy of alternative routes for the infection or vaccination of animals with Cowdria ruminantium.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Indications are that the site of inoculation and especially the DOSE volume are important factors in the success rate of such inoculations
5122. Analysis of 22 immunomodulatory substances for efficacy in low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 22 immunomodulatory substances screened 12 were effective in modulating the course of hyperglycemia following low DOSE streptozotocin treatment
- In this animal model diabetes is induced by administration of low DOSEs of streptozotocin (30-40 mg/kg) body weight to male C57BL/6J/Bom, C57BL/KsJ and C3H/He/Bom mice on 5 consecutive days
5123. Hepatitis B vaccination of newborn infants: clinical study of new vaccine formulation and dose regimen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To investigate the efficacy in anti-HBsAg response with half the recommended adult DOSE in a standard vaccination schedule or with a full DOSE in reduced number of vaccination schedule, 201 healthy newborn infants were randomized to receive either 2.5 micrograms Hevac B vaccine at birth [1, 2 and 14 months in Group I (101)] or 5 micrograms at birth [2 and 14 months in Group II (100)]
5124. The control of hepatitis B virus infection with vaccine in Japanese nursery schools.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two DOSEs of the vaccine induced antibodies in 70.8% of the vaccinated children
- A booster DOSE six months after the first induced antibodies in 82.3% of the recipients and markedly increased the proportion of recipients who produced high antibody titiers
5125. Selecting initial therapy for bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Downstaging with chemotherapy in this group of poor-risk patients may be preferable to the traditional approach of proceeding with exenterative surgery or full-DOSE radiation and considering chemotherapy later when metastases are evident.
5126. Airborne-induced experimental Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in strain 13 guineapigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The median infectious DOSE and the median lethal DOSE were estimated to be 4 colony-forming units (CFU) and 1314 CFU respectively
5127. Further efficacy studies on inactivated, aluminum-hydroxide-adsorbed vaccines against infectious coryza.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A single DOSE of the vaccine, given at 16 weeks of age, was not as effective as two DOSEs given at 12 and 16 weeks of age in protecting against challenge 12, 25, or 56 weeks after vaccination.
5128. Efficacy of avian influenza oil-emulsion vaccines in chickens of various ages.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The 0.5-ml vaccine DOSE was determined to contain 251 and 528 mean protective DOSEs (PD50S) in 4-wk-old and 1-year-old SPF WL chickens, respectively, challenged 4 wks PV.
5129. Safety and efficacy of a recombinant DNA Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A recombinant DNA Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine produced in Escherichia coli (FSV-1) was tested in DOSEs of 10 micrograms to 800 micrograms protein in fifteen volunteers
- Serum from the three volunteers who received 800 micrograms DOSEs reacted with the surface of sporozoites in an immunofluorescence assay
- Six immunised volunteers receiving a fourth DOSE of FSV-1 and two non-immunised controls were challenged by bites of mosquitoes infected from cultured P falciparum gametocytes
5130. Efficacy of varicella vaccine in patients with solid tumours.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 10 children who were revaccinated, nine responded to the second DOSE but three lost their antibodies within six months to two years
5131. Prevention of shigellosis by a Salmonella typhi-Shigella sonnei bivalent vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three DOSEs of this bivalent, live oral vaccine strain (1-8 X 10(9) organisms/DOSE) were given to young adults who, along with unvaccinated controls, were challenged one month later with pathogenic S
5132. Protective efficacy in humans of killed whole-vibrio oral cholera vaccine with and without the B subunit of cholera toxin.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccinees, who received three DOSEs of either vaccine, and unvaccinated controls ingested 10(6) V
- This substantial level of protection against a DOSE of V
5133. Rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis using intradermal human diploid cell vaccine: immunologic efficacy and cost-effectiveness in a university medical center and a review of selected literature.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Booster DOSEs given to four subjects whose titers had declined produced a 1-month postvaccination antirabies titer greater than or equal to 1:50 in all cases
- Those who receive primary pre-exposure rabies vaccination should have serologic confirmation of immunologic protection every 2 years with a booster DOSE given to subjects demonstrating a titer less than 1:5.
5134. Efficacy of murine malaria sporozoite vaccines: implications for human vaccine development.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Passive and adoptive transfer studies demonstrated that subunit vaccines elicited predominantly antibody-mediated protection that was easily overcome whereas irradiated sporozoites induced potent cell-mediated immunity that protected against high challenge DOSEs of sporozoites
5135. Protection against severe rotavirus diarrhoea by rhesus rotavirus vaccine in Venezuelan infants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 247 infants aged 1-10 months were studied and followed for up to 1 year (201 completed the 1-year surveillance): 123 received a DOSE of 10(4) plaque-forming units of the vaccine orally and 124 received placebo
5136. Efficacy of commercial vaccines for protecting guinea pigs against Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Twenty-one days following vaccination, the animals were challenged with an intranasal DOSE of 10(6) virulent B
5137. Vaccination studies against experimental bovine Pasteurella pneumonia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccine effectiveness appeared to be DOSE dependent.
5138. Dose-dependent efficacy of vaccination against K. pneumoniae in high and low antibody responder lines of mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The two lines were very susceptible to infection since even small inoculum DOSEs of a virulent strain provoked a 100% mortality within a few days
- The DOSE-effect relationship for protection correlated with that of antibody production
5139. Test of the virulence and live-vaccine efficacy of auxotrophic and galE derivatives of Salmonella choleraesuis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Aromatic compound-dependent (aro) derivatives of three mouse-virulent strains of Salmonella choleraesuis (Salmonella cholerae-suis) were constructed and shown to be nonvirulent for mice (intraperitoneal [i.p.] 50% lethal DOSE [LD50], greater than 5 X 10(6) CFU)
- The pur and thy strains were effective as live vaccines in BALB/c mice when given in sublethal DOSEs
5140. Preexposure immunization with intradermal human diploid cell rabies vaccine. Risks and benefits of primary and booster vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We studied the safety and efficacy of this newly approved route and DOSE of administration
- Serologic results were available from 112 (90%) of the 124 persons who participated in an HDCV low-DOSE preexposure study in which five different ID, intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous primary immunization regimens were administered
- Three 1.0-mL IM DOSEs of vaccine resulted in titers similar to those from three 0.1-mL ID DOSEs when compared 49 days, one year, and two years after primary immunization
- Although ID HDCV can be a cost-effective substitute for IM vaccine, excessive use of unnecessary preexposure booster DOSEs by any route may be inadvisable because of systemic allergic reactions
- This may limit the use of low-DOSE regimens in some places.
5141. Protection of cattle against heartwater in Botswana: comparative efficacy of different methods against natural and blood-derived challenges.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- None contracted heartwater and so they were then challenged, together with a further group of control cattle, with a DOSE of the sheep blood vaccine
5142. Determinants of the immunogenicity of live virulent and mutant Vibrio cholerae O1 in rabbit intestine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Antitoxin responses were evoked mostly by the primary inoculation and were DOSE dependent; secondary-type responses were modest and occurred only when the booster inoculum was large, i.e., 10(10) CFU
5143. Intraluminal interleukin 2 and bacillus Calmette-Guerin for treatment of bladder cancer: a preliminary report.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The authors treated 13 patients who had undergone resection of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with a combination of 3,500 units of interleukin 2 and half the recommended DOSE of bacillus Calmette-Guerin
5144. [Comparative local and systemic immunization against experimentally-induced Bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in ICR mice].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two vaccinations with inactivated Bordetellae or a temperature sensitive mutant reduce the frequency and severity of the pneumonias, dependent on the administered immunizing DOSE
5145. Bovine babesiosis: induction of protective immunity with culture-derived Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina immunogens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Strong protection was observed in animals vaccinated with 10 ml-equivalent DOSEs of soluble, B
- bigemina immunogen was assessed with a DOSE-response analysis in highly susceptible, purebred cattle
5146. The protection of chimpanzees against hepatitis B viral infection using a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B surface antigen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After the second DOSE, the vaccinated animals already showed a significant antibody response
5147. Vaccination of newborns of HBsAg-positive carrier mothers with a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thirty neonates born to HBsAg-positive mothers were vaccinated with a 20 microgram DOSE of the SmithKline Biologicals recombinant DNA yeast-derived vaccine within 24 hours after birth, with similar inoculations repeated 1 and 2 months later
- A 100% seroconversion rate was achieved 4 months after the first vaccine DOSE and the anti-HBs geometric mean titres progressively rose from 14 to 31,279 and 361 IU/l at months 1, 2, 4, and 6, respectively
5148. Effects of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine in healthy adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Under randomized, double-blind conditions, 220 medical students were vaccinated with either a 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 micrograms DOSE of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B or a 20 micrograms DOSE of a plasma-derived vaccine
- Mean anti-HBs levels varied between 150 and 1470 IU/l after 3 vaccinations, with the lowest DOSE resulting in the lowest titres
- Following the booster vaccination, DOSE-dependent effects were no longer observed
5149. Clinical development of a new recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Next, the optimal DOSE of vaccine to be administered was ascertained followed by an evaluation of the efficacy of different vaccination schedules
5150. Efficacy of oral immunization against non-typable Haemophilus influenzae in man.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Increasing the immunising DOSE 60 fold in the absence of the non H
5151. Clinical trials of rotavirus vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After the oral vaccination of infants aged six to 12 months the highly attenuated bovine rotavirus strain RIT 4237, titre 10(8) per DOSE, probably 'takes' in most vaccinees, producing a symptomless intestinal infection with a low virus excretion rate and an antibody response in over 80% of the initially seronegative subjects
- The less attenuated rhesus monkey rotavirus RRV-1, titre 10(5)-10(6) per DOSE, is more infectious in humans, and virus multiplication in the intestine results in excretion of vaccine virus in the stools and some clinical symptoms, mainly fever, 3-4 days after vaccination
5152. Vaccination of calves with a diaminopimelic acid mutant of Salmonella typhimurium.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Calves were vaccinated at weekly intervals with the diaminopimelic acid mutant given as an oral DOSE of 10(10) organisms, followed by two subcutaneous DOSEs of 10(9) organisms
5153. Intranasal vaccination of pigs against Aujeszky's disease: comparison with one or two doses of attenuated vaccines in pigs with high maternal antibody titres.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Ten-week-old pigs with high levels of maternally derived antibody (MDA) against Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) were given either a single intranasal vaccination or one or two DOSEs (with an interval of three weeks) of commercially available attenuated ADV vaccines intramuscularly
- However, pigs vaccinated intranasally and pigs given two DOSEs of attenuated ADV vaccines were protected against intranasal challenge with virulent ADV two months after the first vaccination
- Pigs given one parenteral DOSE of attenuated ADV vaccine were insufficiently protected
- Although intranasal vaccination conferred protection comparable to two parenteral DOSEs of attenuated vaccines, it reduced shedding of virulent virus much more effectively
5154. Hepatitis B immunization of newborns according to a two dose protocol.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A booster DOSE was given at 12 months of age
- Results obtained show that two months after the second DOSE of HB vaccine, 96.8% of the vaccinated babies had anti-HBs; at the age of one year this figure had fallen to 83.8%
- Six months after the booster DOSE, 95.6% were anti-HBs positive, with a geometric mean titre of 214 mIU ml-1
- The anti-HBs responses in these infants was compared to those observed in previous studies performed in Senegal in infants (same protocol) or in newborns (3 DOSE protocol)
- The anti-HBs responses were lower in terms of mean titre values in neonates who received the two DOSE protocol than in older children and in neonates who received three DOSEs at one month intervals
5155. Intradermal hepatitis B vaccination in an abbreviated schedule.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two low-DOSE intradermal regimens for hepatitis B vaccination were compared with the standard 1 ml DOSE administered intramuscularly to healthy, 22-42 year old individuals
- Nineteen individuals (ID-1 group) received three 0.1 ml (2 micrograms) DOSEs intradermally at times 0, 1 month and 4 months
- Twenty individuals (IM group) received the recommended three 1.0 ml (20 micrograms) DOSEs intramuscularly at times 0, 1 month, and 4 months
5156. Neurologic complications of immunizations.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Pertussis vaccination should be given to all children except those with allergic hypersensitivity, a progressive neurologic disorder, or an adverse reaction to a previous pertussis DOSE.
5157. Seven-year study of hepatitis B vaccine efficacy in infants from an endemic area (Senegal).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A booster DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine was given to 143 children in whom hepatitis B had not developed 1 year after initial vaccination
5158. Syngeneic monoclonal internal image anti-idiotopes as prophylactic vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We have used the murine BALB/c monoclonal IgM anti-idiotope 87.92.6 to study the idiotope and antigen specificity, kinetics, DOSE dependence, adjuvant, carrier, and valency requirements of anti-idiotope-induced anti-viral antibody responses
5159. Antibody determination in an ongoing hepatitis B vaccination program.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The nonresponder rate (after the 12-month booster DOSE of Hevac B Pasteur) was 4% in females with both methods, in males 15% measured with method 1 and 11% measured with method 2
- When the samples were grouped according to their anti-HBs titers, method 1 measured higher in samples taken after three vaccine DOSEs and method 2 did so in samples collected after the 12-month booster DOSE
- This tendency was confirmed with samples from slow responders who received a 4th vaccine DOSE soon after the initial three DOSEs
5160. Observations on experimental inactivated vaccines for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- mycoides emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant was given in two large DOSEs
- No protection was given by a milder form of vaccination in which a lighter suspension of killed mycoplasmas emulsified with Freund's incomplete adjuvant was given in a comparatively small DOSE on a single occasion.
5161. Strong adjuvant properties of cholera toxin on gut mucosal immune responses to orally presented antigens.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The adjuvant action of CT was DOSE-dependent and was achieved only when CT was given p.o
- The adjuvant-active DOSE of CT, 100-500 ng, was lower than the immunogenic DOSE (2 micrograms) and much below the p.o
- DOSE needed for detectable net fluid secretion in mouse intestine (5-10 micrograms)
5162. Varicella vaccine studies in healthy children and adults.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This paper summarizes clinical trials designed to obtain information on minimum DOSE immunogenicity pre- and postexposure prophylaxis, immunization of various age groups, and booster immunizations for seropositive individuals
- Protective efficacy was more than 90%, and the vaccine was successful in preventing varicella when a high DOSE was given postexposure
5163. Efficacy of porcine parvovirus vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Good protection was obtained with two of the vaccines even when the DOSE was substantially reduced
5164. German experimental hepatitis B vaccine--influence of variation of dosage schedule, sex and age differences on immunogenicity in health care workers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5165. Long-term immunogenicity and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in homosexual men.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Both antibody loss and the risk of severe disease should be considered when booster-DOSE strategies for the hepatitis B vaccine are being designed.
5166. Field trial of oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Each received three DOSEs of BS-WC, WC, or placebo in a randomised, double-blinded fashion
- Surveillance for cases seeking medical care up to six months after the third DOSE revealed 26 cases of confirmed cholera in the placebo group, 4 cases in the BS-WC group (protective efficacy 85%; p less than 0.0001), and 11 cases in the WC group (protective efficacy 58%; p less than 0.01)
5167. Oral rotavirus vaccination in breast- and bottle-fed infants aged 6 to 12 months.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Oral bovine rotavirus vaccine RIT 4237 was tested at two DOSE levels in 217 children between 6 and 12 months of age who received either breast milk or bottle milk (cow's milk or infant formula) before vaccination
- The full vaccine DOSE (10(8.3) 50% tissue culture infective DOSEs, TCID50) induced seroconversion rates 81% and 86% and booster response rates 69% and 64% in breast and bottle-fed children, respectively
- It is concluded that the RIT 4237 rotavirus vaccine at the DOSE level 10(8.3) TCID50 gives a satisfactory response in both breast- and bottle-fed children in this age group, but multiple vaccinations may be needed for maximal efficacy.
5168. Comparison of results for phase I studies with recombinant and plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccines, and controlled study comparing intramuscular and subcutaneous injections of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was administered intramuscularly (IM) to 40 subjects in a DOSE of 10 micrograms, while H-B-VAX was administered IM to 35 subjects in a DOSE of 20 micrograms
- Each subject received three DOSEs of the vaccine at times zero, 1 month and 6 months
- During the 1-6 month period after the first DOSE, the seroconversion rate was always higher in the H-B-VAX subjects than in the HBX-R subjects
- In each group, HBX-R was administered in 3 DOSEs of 10 micrograms, again at time zero, 1 month and 6 months
5169. Comparison of the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of 10 micrograms and 20 micrograms of a hepatitis B vaccine: a prospective randomized trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of the subjects negative for HBV markers, 605 were randomized to receive three DOSEs of either 10 or 20 micrograms of the Merck Institute vaccine (HB-VAX)
- Compared with the 20 micrograms DOSE, vaccination with the 10 micrograms DOSE results in equal immunogenicity and efficacy at the completion of the three injections but induced a slower response rate and lower anti-HBs titres with the first two DOSEs
- The commonest side-effect of local soreness was less with the 10 micrograms DOSE
- We conclude that (1) hospital staff working in high endemic areas should be vaccinated on recruitment and (2) the 10 micrograms DOSE of HB-VAX can replace the recommended 20 micrograms DOSE for adults, being cheaper and as efficacious.
5170. Evaluation of live avian-human reassortant influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 virus vaccines in seronegative adult volunteers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The 50% human infectious DOSE was 10(4.9) 50% tissue culture infectious DOSEs for the H1N1 reassortant virus and 10(5.4) 50% tissue culture infectious DOSEs for the H3N2 reassortant virus
- Both reassortants were satisfactorily attenuated with only 5% (H1N1) and 2% (H3N2) of infected vaccines receiving less than 400 50% human infectious DOSEs developing illness
- At 40 to 100 50% human infectious DOSEs, virus-specific immune responses were seen in 77 to 93% of volunteers
- When vaccinees who has received 10(7.5) 50% tissue culture infectious DOSEs of the H3N2 vaccine were experimentally challenged with a homologous wild-type human virus only 2 of 19 (11%) vaccinees became ill compared with 7 of 14 (50%) unvaccinated seronegative controls ( P < 0.025; protective efficacy, 79%)
5171. Galactose epimeraseless mutants of Salmonella typhimurium as live vaccines for calves.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- typhimurium strain G30D caused diarrhea and fever in three calves to which it was administered orally at a DOSE of 10(10) organisms; all three calves died following challenge with virulent S
- Mild illness developed in four calves vaccinated with a DOSE of 9 X 10(6) organisms and one of these calves survived challenge
5172. Protective efficacy of Marek's disease virus (MDV) CVI-988 CEF65 clone C against challenge infection with three very virulent MDV strains.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Comparative 50% protective DOSE (PD50) assays were performed using a plaque-purified preparation of Marek's disease virus (MDV) strain CVI-988 at the 65th chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) passage level (MDV CVI-988 CEF65 clone C) and three commercial MD vaccines: herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) FC126, MDV CVI-988 CEF35, and a bivalent vaccine composed of HVT FC126 and MDV SB-1
- The protective synergism of bivalent vaccine, composed of HVT and SB-1, was confirmed by groups given the lowest vaccine DOSEs
- The bivalent vaccine, however, resulted in incomplete protection in groups given the highest vaccine DOSEs
5173. Immunoprophylaxis of perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus: efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine in a low-prevalence area.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Group A was treated with three or four DOSEs of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) in one of three different schedules
- Group B received one DOSE of hepatitis B vaccine (Hevac-B, Pasteur) at birth and at 1, 2 and 12 months
- Group C was treated with the same vaccination schedule as group B and in addition received a single DOSE of HBIG at birth
5174. Evaluation of broiler breeder pullet vaccination programs for preventing clinical reovirus infections in the progeny.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- There was a direct correlation between the number of DOSEs of live inactivated reovirus vaccines that pullets received to antibody titer and resistance to challenge in the day-old progeny
- Day-old progeny derived from breeder pullets that received one DOSE of live and two DOSEs of inactivated reovirus vaccines had the highest numerical maternal antibody titer and best resistance to clinical infection following challenge.
5175. Hepatitis B vaccine in the prevention of perinatally transmitted hepatitis B virus infections: initial report of a study in the West Midlands of England.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A four-DOSE schedule was used
5176. [Efficacy of antihepatitis B vaccine (a low-dose, short-term schedule) in a hemodialysis unit].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5177. Comparison of intramuscular and subcutaneous administration of Marek's disease vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Four trials employing 50% protective DOSE (PD50) assays were performed to compare the efficacy of Marek's disease vaccine after intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens
- By comparing 25 individual pairs of vaccine DOSE groups, the best protection was observed in 24 groups of chickens which received the vaccine by i.m
- It is recommended that the potency of the minimally acceptable field DOSE should be increased if s.c
5178. Evaluation of the efficacy of split-product trivalent A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B influenza vaccines: reactogenicity, immunogenicity and persistence of antibodies following two doses of vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of Tween-ether split trivalent A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B influenza vaccine in primary school children aged seven to 12 years, and the persistence of antibodies following two DOSEs of vaccine were studied during 1980-1984
- Most of the reactions were less frequent after the second DOSE than after the first DOSE
- This vaccine had induced adequate hemagglutination inhibiting (HAI) antibody because the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of the vaccinees were two- to eightfold higher than those of the nonvaccinees to any of the vaccine antigens following two DOSEs of vaccine
5179. Hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5180. Vaccination against Listeria infection in mice with a mutant strain of reduced virulence.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The level of immunity was shown to be DOSE-dependent
5181. Safety and efficacy of a combined parapox/BVD vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two BVD-seronegative calves kept under isolated conditions showed high titers of BVD-neutralizing antibodies three weeks after a single vaccination with a three-fold vaccine DOSE
5182. A pilot study on universal immunization of newborn infants in an area of hepatitis B virus and primary hepatocellular carcinoma prevalence with a low dose of hepatitis B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Four immunization regimes were used: 5-micrograms or 2.5-micrograms DOSEs with or without hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) added in the case of carriers children
- It was shown that vaccination with a 5-micrograms or 2.5-micrograms DOSE significantly lowered the HBsAg positives to a level close to 1.5% versus 10% in the control group at 1 year
- A 5-micrograms DOSE plus HBIG did not show additional benefit
- A 2.5-micrograms DOSE plus HBIG gave less protection, and anti-HB levels were also significantly lower than in other groups
- The significance of the possible use of the vaccination at lower DOSE had also been stressed.
5183. Intradermal vaccination against hepatitis B virus infection in an endemic area (Nigeria), two year results.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Group 1 (64 volunteers) was given 3 monthly DOSEs of 2 micrograms vaccine mixed with adjuvant subcutaneously (Institut Pasteur Production-Hevac B) while group 2 (61 volunteers) received 3 DOSEs of 2 micrograms non-adjuvated vaccine intradermally given 1 month apart
- A month after the third DOSE 83 per cent of group 1, 71 per cent of group 2 showed positive response by developing antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen
- The results suggest that population at risk in developing countries could be protected with small DOSEs of vaccine administered intradermally.
5184. The effect of oral Mycobacterium vaccae on subsequent responses of mice to BCG sensitization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- vaccae before BCG injection and the DOSE of the mycobacterial challenge in vitro, oral administration of this species of environmental mycobacteria can either enhance, mask or interfere with the expression of sensitization by BCG
5185. Therapeutic approaches including interferon to carcinoma in situ of the bladder.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At that time a number of questions should be answered concerning the treatment of CIS of the bladder: what is the effect of these agents on morbidity and survival, what is the optimal DOSE, schedule, and duration of therapy for these drugs, and will the biology of the disease, e.g
5186. Effect of muramyl dipeptide and its stearoyl derivatives on resistance to Sendai virus infection in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The intranasal administration of MDP-Lys-L18 was effective at 1 microgram but only slight activity was observed in mice treated intravenously or intraperitoneally even at the 100 microgram DOSE level
5187. Probability of survival based on ELISA titer following challenge of vaccinated chickens with the X-73 strain of Pasteurella multocida.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The probability of survival of chickens following a challenge DOSE of the X-73 strain of Pasteurella multocida was calculated based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titer
5188. Effect of thimerosal concentration on the efficacy of inactivated Newcastle disease oil-emulsion vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5189. Antibody response of infants to two doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine of enhanced potency.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Primary immunization requires three DOSEs given at intervals of at least four weeks
- A new formulation with 40, 8, and 32 D-antigen units of the three poliovirus types has been prepared to reduce primary immunization to two DOSEs
- Two DOSEs were administered four weeks apart to 100 infants and eight weeks apart to 114 infants
- The effects of age, presence of maternal antibody, and interval between DOSEs of the frequency and titers of antibody response were assessed
- Irrespective of age or interval between DOSEs, the seroconversion rates to types 1 and 3 antigens were 90% to 100%
- The seroconversion rates and geometric mean titers of antibody were lower in those infants with maternal antibody than in those without maternal antibody at the time of receiving the first DOSE
- The best results were in infants 8 weeks of age or older, in whom the two DOSEs were given eight weeks apart
5190. Immunoprophylaxis of infection with hepatitis B virus in infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen-positive carrier mothers.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Infants born to HBeAg-positive mothers (group 4) received a reduced DOSE of vaccine (2.5 micrograms) on three occasions as well as HBIG at birth
- The antibody response to HBsAg in vaccine recipients was 12% after the first DOSE, 44% after the second DOSE, and 75% and 100% at six months and 1.5 years of age, respectively.
5191. [Vaccination of dental surgeons against viral hepatitis B].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Seroconversion at 10 m IU/ml was 94% after 3 injections and 98% after the booster DOSE
- The effectiveness of the booster DOSE was manifest after 10 days
5192. Field-trial evaluation of a Pasteurella vaccine in preconditioned and nonpreconditioned lightweight calves.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Economic advantage was not found for administering a booster DOSE of the vaccine (P = 0.25)
- An evaluation of the cost vs benefit factors revealed significant advantages for administering 1 DOSE of vaccine of $19.08 for a preconditioned calf (P = 0.006) and of $11.39 for a nonpreconditioned calf (P = 0.05)
5193. Implementing a successful hepatitis B vaccination program.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of high-risk employees eligible for vaccination, 90% completed a three-DOSE vaccine course
5194. Age-specific differences in duration of clinical protection after vaccination with meningococcal polysaccharide A vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Thus, a single DOSE of group A meningococcal vaccine does not yield lasting clinical protection in children less than 4 years of age.
5195. The control of hepatitis B virus infection with vaccine in Yupik Eskimos. Demonstration of safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy under field conditions.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In November 1981, the first DOSE of vaccine was administered to 1,693 carefully selected individuals
- The second DOSE was administered to 1,678 (99.1%) of those who received the first DOSE, and the final DOSE was administered to 1,630 persons (96.3%)
5196. Prevention of otitis media in children by pneumococcal vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The second DOSE of the vaccine was given 5 months later
- After the first DOSE of vaccine, the occurrence of otitis visits among the Pn-vaccinated, as compared with controls, showed inter-area differences, but ranged from not more than a 30 per cent reduction at its best to an increase in some areas and in some clinical categories
- The second DOSE of the vaccine did not give additional benefit serologically or clinically
5197. Control of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in goats by vaccination.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine may be stored at 4 degrees C for two weeks, the DOSE is 1 ml and the goat kids are vaccinated at the age of two to four weeks
5198. [Antipoliomyelitis vaccination of young children with a new inactivated vaccine. Serological results].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- An inactivated trivalent poliovirus vaccine, prepared on simian line-cells (Vero cells), has been injected in 3 DOSEs one month apart in 36 infants, 2 to 11 months old (30 of whom were 2 to 6 months old) to determine its tolerance and antigenic efficacy
- Each DOSE contained 40, 8 and 32 antigenic D units for the 3 types respectively
- One month after the second DOSE of vaccine, all the infants had significant titers of antibodies against the 3 types; these titers have not been significantly enhanced one month after the third DOSE
- Two DOSEs of the inactivated vaccine one month apart induced a satisfactory serologic response in spite of the presence of serum maternally transmitted antibodies
5199. The efficacy of a leptospirosis vaccine in preventing leptospiruria in pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Three weeks after the second DOSE of vaccine all animals were exposed for 64 to 89 days to a natural infection with pomona
- Antibodies to serovar pomona were detected in 12 of 19 vaccinated pigs examined three weeks after the second DOSE of vaccine and before exposure to infection, and in all of 18 unvaccinated pigs examined after exposure to infection
5200. Post-exposure active immunoprophylaxis of spouses of acute viral hepatitis B patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccine (20 micrograms DOSE) or placebo was repeated one and six months after initial administration
5201. Immunity to Salmonella typhimurium infection in C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeNCrlBR mice: studies with an aromatic-dependent live S. typhimurium strain as a vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In C3H/HeJ mice, immunity against over 1,000 50% lethal DOSEs of virulent S
- Further, the vaccine was effective over a broad spectrum of DOSEs, ranging from 10(4) to 10(6) organisms
5202. Neonatal tetanus in Maputo, Mozambique Part II. Preventative measures.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5203. Vibrio cholerae infection and acquired immunity in an adult rabbit model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One strain, C5, caused fatal diarrhea in a DOSE of about 1000 organisms, even if the temporary ligation was omitted (DIC model)
- Duodenal inoculation of organisms in a DOSE of 100 X the minimum infective DOSE (MID) in the DIS or DI model did not cause any disease symptom
5204. Formulation of a potential antipregnancy vaccine based on the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG). III. Evaluation of various vehicles and adjuvants.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The SPLPS preparation was pyrogenic at the DOSEs used
- It gave a nearly flat DOSE response curve over the range of 0.5 to 4.0 mg per rabbit
5205. Immunization of US children with Hemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine. A cost-effectiveness model of strategy assessment.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The model permitted comparison of the impact of alternative strategies for use of the vaccine, including universal use at 18 or 24 months of age, use of a second DOSE after primary immunization, and use in high-risk groups such as day-care-center attendees
- Universal vaccination at 18 months of age combined with a second DOSE for day-care-center attendees would substantially increase the number of cases prevented, with a minimal increase in costs
- Universal vaccination with a two-DOSE schedule beginning at 18 months of age could prevent the most disease.
5206. Vaccination against feline viral rhinotracheitis in kittens with maternally derived feline viral rhinotracheitis antibodies.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The intranasal vaccine was given as a single DOSE to kittens 5 weeks old, and the parenteral vaccine was administered in 2 DOSEs at 5 and 7 weeks of age
5207. Immunization glossary.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5208. Vaccination of ewes by a single conjunctival administration of Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- After VC vaccination, few animals showed Brucella antibodies whatever the DOSE, and all were seronegative as early as four months after vaccination whereas a few SC vaccinated individuals were still seropositive at ten months
5209. Split virus influenza vaccination in children: an evaluation of efficacy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Twenty-seven children aged between 4 and 13 years were given two injections of a split virus influenza vaccine (MFV-Ject, Institut Merieux) at a DOSE of 0.5 ml and an interval of 1 month
5210. [Effect of previous anti-rabies treatment with Fermi type vaccine on the antibody response to one dose of HDCV].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 37 adults at risk for rabies, vaccinated 5-10 years before using a Fermi vaccine, were challenged with a single HDCV DOSE
- In agreement with nerve-tissue vaccines, specific World Health Organisation Committee (1984), and in our researches of Fermi type, we suggest that in patients having an history of vaccination (documented by antibody titres), a single HDCV DOSE, monitoring the antibody response, is sufficient to control a new, not dangerous infection (site and type of the wound, animal, local epidemiology)
- Patients without a laboratory documentation of the previous antibody titres, or patients with a dangerous infection, should be challenged with three HDCV DOSEs on day 0, 3, 7.
5211. A benefit-cost analysis of a childhood varicella vaccination programme.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We assumed that one DOSE of vaccine would be given to 15-month-old children along with the measles, mumps and rubella vaccination to avoid a separate administration cost
5212. The efficacy of DPT and oral poliomyelitis immunization schedules initiated from birth to 12 weeks of age.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5213. Botulism among penned pheasants and protection by vaccination with C1 toxoid.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5214. Efficacy of minimal doses of an American hepatitis B vaccine in neonates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Eight neonates and three young children at risk for hepatitis B infection were vaccinated with minimal DOSEs of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine
- The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of low DOSEs with a view toward reducing the cost of immunization and therefore extending the practice to a larger number of subjects and minimizing the incidence of adverse reactions to the vaccine
- The patients received two intramuscular injections (0.1 ml) of vaccine at a two-month interval and a booster six months after the first DOSE
- Five of the 11 patients achieved presumably protective (greater than 10 mU/ml) antibody levels within six months after the first DOSE (titers between 10 and 74 mU/ml), and all but one patient achieved titers between 27 and 2,500 mU/ml within two months after the booster
5215. Results with a new DTP vaccine in Japan.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- More than 15 million DOSEs of the new DTP vaccine has been administered since 1981 in Japan
- Local reactions were less frequent after the first DOSE but observed in 40-50% of vaccinees after the second or later DOSEs
- Three cases who developed CNS symptoms have been reported for an incidence of 0.19 per one million DOSEs
- Attack rates in home contacts below 5 years of age were 84.2% in non-vaccinees and 5.5% in children who had received two or more DOSEs of DTP
- Anti-LPF and anti-FHA titers after two or three DOSEs of DTP were similar to those in the convalescent stage of natural pertussis infections
5216. Outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis, Taiwan.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Before the outbreak approximately 80% of infants had received at least 2 DOSEs of trivalent oral poliovaccine (OPV) by their first birthday
- Of the 86% of poliomyelitis patients whose vaccination status was known 65% had not had poliovaccine, 19% had received one DOSE, 8% had received two DOSEs, and 8% had received three or more DOSEs
- Vaccine efficacy was calculated to be 82% after one DOSE, 96% after two DOSEs, and 98% after three or more DOSEs
- A child who had not had any vaccine was 80 times more likely to become a case than one who had received three or more DOSEs of poliovaccine, independent of sanitation facilities at home
5217. Purified chick embryo cell (PCEC) rabies vaccine for human use: clinical trials.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All the 218 volunteers tested developed neutralising rabies antibodies of the IgG-type between day 0 and day 30 after the first vaccination DOSE
5218. Evaluation of the neurovirulence test of oral poliovaccines in Japan during the period 1963-1982.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The present study showed that the neurovirulence test for the lesion-inducing virus DOSE in the spinal cord in 50% of monkeys inoculated with oral polio-vaccine (Sabin) (LID50) reflected to a large extent safety and efficacy of the vaccine upon administration to children
5219. Characteristics of protective activity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccines prepared from whole cells, freeze-thaw-saline solution extract, supernate of culture, or saline wash of cells were treated with 0.15% formalin, incorporated with Freund incomplete adjuvant, and administered IM in 2 DOSEs
- Twenty-five to 42 days after the 1st DOSE of vaccine was given, pigs were challenge exposed intratracheally with supernate of lung homogenate containing only M hyopneumoniae
5220. Pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis: efficacy of a new packaging and delivery system for intradermal administration of human diploid cell vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The efficacy of a newly designed syringe prepacked with human diploid cell vaccine in a sufficient quantity to deliver individual 0.1 ml DOSEs intradermally was tested by injecting 40 veterinary students with a single DOSE on each of days 0, 7 and 28
- A second group of 20 students received the ordinary series of three 1.0 ml intramuscular vaccine DOSEs by needle and syringe
- The geometric mean titres were somewhat lower in the group receiving the 0.1 ml DOSEs compared to the group given 1.0 ml DOSEs; however, this was considered of no clinical significance since everyone achieved a titre above the suggested minimum
5221. The use of epidemiologic data in the courts.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- When trying to determine if a causal relationship exists between an exposure and illness, epidemiologists attempt to examine the statistical strength, consistency, specificity, temporal sequence, DOSE-response characteristics, and biologic plausibility of the association
- American Petroleum Institute) and instead, has required factual evidence of a DOSE-response relationship (as in American Textile Manufacturer's Institute vs
- Since demonstration of a DOSE-response relationship, although rarely obtained easily, is one of the criteria used by epidemiologists to infer a causal relationship, there can be no doubt that such evidence will strengthen any attempt to prove future damages from low level exposure to toxins
5222. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus infection in neonates.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE of 10 micrograms of HBV vaccine was injected intramuscularly at 0, 30 and 180 days after birth to newborn infants
- Anti-HBs developed in 88.2% of infants after the third DOSE of HBV vaccination with a mean anti-HBs titer of 1733.1 IU/l
- The vaccine was also immunogenic since almost 90% of the immunized infants were able to produce anti-HBs antibody in high titer after the third DOSE of vaccination.
5223. Live attenuated varicella vaccine. Efficacy for children with leukemia in remission.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- There was serological evidence of an immune response in approximately 80% after one DOSE and in more than 90% after two DOSEs
5224. Cold-recombinant influenza A/California/10/78 (H1N1) virus vaccine (CR-37) in seronegative children: infectivity and efficacy against investigational challenge.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- DOSEs ranged from 10(3.2) to 10(7.2) TCID50 per child
- The DOSE necessary to infect 50% of children (one HID50 ) was approximately 10(3.5) TCID50
- Previous infection with CR-37 conferred significant protection from challenge with a high DOSE of CR-37.
5225. Accidental tenfold overdose of influenza vaccine: a clinical and serological study.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- We analyzed the effects of an accidental tenfold overDOSE of influenza vaccine that was given to 31 young healthy members of the Israel Defense Forces
- A small age-matched control group of 20 soldiers of the Israel Defense Forces who received normal DOSEs (0.5 ml) of vaccine was subjected to the same examinations
- A low vaccine efficacy was noted with the recommended 0.5-ml DOSE (7 micrograms of hemagglutinin of each influenza type), shown by low fourfold titer rises
5226. The biology and treatment of superficial bladder cancer.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Although intravesical instillation of chemotherapeutic agents has been used for greater than 20 years, neither its exact role nor the optimal DOSE or schedule of administration have been established
5227. A randomized comparison of postremission therapy in acute myelogenous leukemia: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of 508 evaluable patients entered into the study, 335 (66%) achieved a complete remission treated with a 7-day infusion of cytosine arabinoside at a DOSE of 100 mg/sq m/day and 3 days of daunorubicin at a DOSE of 45 mg/sq m/day
- Those completing consolidation and remaining in remission were randomized to 1 of 3 maintenance regimens: (D) chemotherapy, 5-day infusion of cytosine arabinoside and 2 days of daunorubicin (same DOSEs as induction) given every 13 wk for 1 yr; (E) BCG given twice weekly for 1 mo and then monthly for 1 yr; or (F) the combination of regimens D and E
5228. [Hepatitis B vaccination].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- H-B- Vax (Merck, Sharp & Dohme) is administered intramuscularly in two 20 micrograms DOSEs one month apart, followed by a booster injection six months after the initial DOSE
- Hevac B Pasteur is injected subcutaneously in three 5 micrograms DOSEs at monthly intervals, with a booster DOSE 12 months after the first
5229. Advantage of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza A virus over inactivated vaccine for A/Washington/80 (H3N2) wild-type virus infection.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- At a DOSE of 10(7.5) 50% tissue culture infectious DOSE (TCID50) (70 HID50, human 50% infectious DOSEs) the live virus vaccine, given intranasally, completely protected against illness caused by wild-type virus, whereas the inactivated vaccine, administered intramuscularly, provided 72% protection
- Wild-type virus was recovered from only 13% of live virus vaccinees (10(7.5) TCID50 DOSE of ca virus) compared with 63% of inactivated virus vaccinees and the few infected live virus vaccinees shed 1000 times less wild-type virus than did infected inactivated virus vaccinees or unvaccinated controls
5230. Immunoprophylaxis in poliomyelitis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In India, the oral polio vaccine (OPV) is given to children from 3 months to 2 years of age, in a 3-DOSE schedule
- First is a geographic variation in the response of infants to OPV, which result in only 80 per cent effective immunisation after 3 DOSEs
5231. Protection against fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn wound sepsis by immunization with lipopolysaccharide and high-molecular-weight polysaccharide.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- As little as three 0.001-microgram DOSEs elicited good immunoglobulin M and G titers and increased the mean lethal DOSE more than 1,000-fold
5232. Graphical method for comparative statistical study of vaccine potency tests.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The graphs can be constructed from Producer's scores and Consumer's scores on each of the scales of test score, antigen DOSE and probability of protection against disease
5233. Vaccination against transplacental cytomegalovirus transmission: vaccine reactivation and efficacy in guinea pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In Hartley strain guinea pigs intraperitoneally given 10(5.5) 50% tissue culture infective DOSEs (TCID50) of low-passage vaccine, 27 (41%) of 66 throat swabs obtained during subsequent pregnancies showed CMV, in contrast to 28 (24%) of 115 throat swabs obtained from nonpregnant control animals
- Experimental low-DOSE, high-passage GPCMV vaccine can protect against transplacental CMV transmission without apparent vaccine reactivation during pregnancy.
5234. [Efficacy and tolerance of hepatitis B vaccination in medical personnel and hemodialysis patients].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Those who did not respond initially received an additional DOSE at 6 months, which induced seroconversion in several more cases, resulting in the successful immunization of 98% of healthy subjects and 75% of haemodialysis patients
5235. [Active immunization against hepatitis B].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- HBs antigen of 5 micrograms/DOSE was administered three times in monthly intervals
5236. Typhoid vaccines: outlook for the future.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5237. Evaluation in humans of attenuated Vibrio cholerae El Tor Ogawa strain Texas Star-SR as a live oral vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Texas Star-SR, an A- B+ mutant derived by nitrosoguanidine treatment from Vibrio cholerae El Tor Ogawa strain 3083, was fed to 68 volunteers as an oral vaccine in DOSEs of 10(5) to 5 X 10(10) organisms with NaHCO3
- Sixteen (24%) vaccinees experienced some loose stools (unrelated to vaccine DOSE), but in only one did the total stool volume exceed 1.0 liter
- The vaccine strain was cultured from duodenal fluid of 35 of 46 (76%) persons who ingested DOSEs of 10(8) organisms or greater
5238. BCG complications. Estimates of the risks among vaccinated subjects and statistical analysis of their main characteristics.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5239. Susceptibility of inbred mice to rickettsiae of the spotted fever group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- conorii, the C3H/HeJ mouse strain was the most susceptible, with a 50% lethal DOSE of approximately 10 PFU
5240. Pertussis in a rural area of Kenya: epidemiology and results of a vaccine trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- During the surveillance a vaccine trial was carried out: 436 children receiving two diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunizations 6 months apart were compared with 466 children receiving the conventional three DOSEs 3 months apart.The agglutinating antibody response was determined in approximately 100 children in the trial at 1 month, 2 years, 3(1/4) years and 4(1/4) years after completing the immunizations
- The results showed no difference in titres between the 2-DOSE and 3-DOSE groups at one month after the last immunization
- Waning of antibodies proceeded more rapidly in the 2-DOSE group, the differences between both groups becoming statistically significant after 2 years.Two epidemic waves of pertussis occurred during the seven years of surveillance
- The number of "cases" so defined did not differ significantly between the two immunized groups, although there was a suggestion of greater protection with the 3-DOSE schedule
5241. Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants and newborns: control trial in an endemic area (Senegal).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Of the seronegative children, 70.5% responded to immunization after 2 injections of 5- g DOSEs of HB vaccine and 94% after the third injection
- The immunogenic effect of 2 DOSEs of HB vaccine given at an interval of 2 or 6 months has therefore been investigated
- All were given a booster DOSE one year after the first injection of vaccine
- These results demonstrate that 2 DOSEs of 5 micrograms of HB vaccine are sufficient to obtain a high immunogenic effect in infants
5242. Hepatitis B vaccine in developing countries: problems and prospects.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- To determine the efficacy of low DOSEs and of the intradermal route of vaccination, 197 Nigerian children were given 3 monthly DOSEs of Hevac B
- It is concluded that low-DOSE vaccination is effective and that the intradermal route may be useful in developing countries.
5243. Efficacy of heat-inactivated hepatitis B vaccine in haemodialysis patients and staff. Double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In the four-DOSE schedule the vaccine provides dialysis patients with protection of the same order as that given by other hepatitis B vaccines to normal subjects.
5244. Reactogenicity, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a chick embryo cell-derived vaccine for Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Most of the 52 seronegative adult vaccinees, 88% after the first and 66% after the second DOSE, experienced brief, mild (mostly local) reactions, but only 50% exhibited a systemic immune response to vaccination
5245. [Reactogenicity and immunological effectiveness of a concentrated, purified vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two vaccinations with CTBEV in DOSEs of 0.5 ml each at 6-month interval are recommended
5246. Hepatitis B vaccination of high-risk individuals in the canton of Zurich.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Six vaccinated individuals developed hepatitis B, all within 60 days after the first vaccine DOSE
5247. Hepatitis B and the dental profession: response to hepatitis B vaccine in Canadian dental personnel. A study by the Canadian Red Cross Collaborative Group.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Participants received three 20 micrograms DOSEs of vaccine, at 0, 1 and 5.5 months
- Anti-HBs was detected in 42.9 per cent of persons after the first DOSE of vaccine, in 96.8 per cent after the second DOSE and in 99.6 per cent after the third DOSE
- A follow-up of 150 persons 22 months after the first DOSE of vaccine indicated that high or medium levels of anti-HBs were maintained in nearly 87 per cent of the participants and only six per cent had no detectable antibody
5248. Post-exposure hepatitis B vaccination of sexual partners of acute viral hepatitis patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The Merck Sharp and Dohme vaccine (20 micrograms per DOSE) or placebo were administered as soon as possible and repeated one and six months later
5249. Efficacy of single-dose influenza in Air Force recruits.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5250. Epidemiology and specific prophylaxis of measles.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In studies in the USSR, a single DOSE of Leningrad-16 live measles vaccine induced sero-conversion in at least 90% of vaccinees, with a mean titer of serum antibody of 1:32 and high antibody levels throughout the 15 years after vaccination
5251. Comparative efficacy of an experimental S45/20 bacterin and a reduced dose of strain 19 vaccine against bovine brucellosis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Yearling beef heifers were vaccinated with 2 DOSEs of an experimental Brucella abortus S45/20 bacterin or a reduced DOSE of strain 19 (S19) vaccine, or were used as nonvaccinated controls
- Possible reasons for the poor protection with a reduced DOSE of S19 vaccine and the failure of S45/20 bacterin to enhance cellular resistance are discussed.
5252. Evaluation of the protective efficacy of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines in an animal model.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A DOSE-response effect was demonstrated, and suppression of the protective effect was noted with high DOSEs of PRP
5253. Efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin for prevention of perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus carrier state: final report of a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among 61 placebo recipients, the carrier rate was 92%; compared with 26% among 57 infants who received 0.5 ml HBIG at birth, 3 months, and 6 months, and 54% among 67 infants who received a single 1.0 ml DOSE of HBIG at birth only
- The most common response of HBIG-treated infants was passive-active immunization which was 27% in the single-DOSE group and 61% in the three-DOSE group
5254. Response to tetanus immunization in onchocerciasis patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Fifty-five people were examined for tetanus antitoxin level two months after immunization with a single 0.5 ml DOSE of concentrated tetanus toxoid vaccine; only 7.1% of patients infected with onchocerciasis became immunized, whereas 44.5% were immunized in the control group
5255. The case for B.C.G.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5256. Oral administration of the methanol extraction residue of BCG (MER/BCG): a phase I study in non-oat cell lung cancer patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The initial group of patients received a DOSE of 1.25 mg per day and when no side effects were detected the DOSE was gradually escalated in subsequent groups of patients up to 5 mg
- Oral MER was well tolerated even at the higher DOSE with no clinical or laboratory side effects
- In view of the reported relative efficacy of oral BCG administration, and considering the very low toxicity with oral MER, further studies employing considerably higher DOSEs of this nonviable vaccine are now justified.
5257. HBIG prophylaxis for perinatal HBV infections--final report of the Taiwan trial.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Among 61 placebo recipients the carrier rate was 92%; compared with 26% among 57 infants who received 0.5 ml HBIG at birth, three months and six months and 54% among 67 infants who received a single 1.0 ml DOSE of HBIG at birth only
- The most common response of HBIG-treated infants was passive-active immunization which was 27% in single DOSE group and 61% in three DOSEs group
5258. [Typhoid vaccination yesterday and today].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- It has to be borne in mind, however, that immunity to typhoid fever is never absolute but depends on the DOSE of infection
5259. A modified live canine parvovirus vaccine. II. Immune response.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5260. Immunogenicity of Ty21a attenuated "Salmonella typhi" given with sodium bicarbonate or in enteric-coated capsules.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Ty21a, a stable attenuated mutant of Salmonella typhi, is a safe, protective oral vaccine when 3 DOSEs of 10(9) cells in saline are taken after neutralization of gastric acidity by 1 g NaHCO3
- To identify a more convenient method to administer vaccine and to determine the feasibility of immunizing with a single DOSE, we studied the immune response of children and adults to different formulations of Ty21a with a newly developed, sensitive, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
- Three hundred and thirty-five Chilean children were given 3 DOSEs of 10(9) Ty21a in 150 ml of milk with 0.8 g NaHCO3 or in enteric-coated capsules
- Thirty-six persons received one DOSE, 30 got two DOSEs and 16 ingested three DOSEs of enteric-coated vaccines, while 44 persons receiving one DOSE and 15 got two DOSEs of vaccine in the gelatin capsule formulation
- Based on these observations a large-scale field trial of efficacy has been initiated in 90.000 schoolchildren 6-20 years of age in Santiago, Chile, of whom one-third received one DOSE of enteric-coated vaccine, one-third got two DOSEs and the remainder received placebo.
5261. Development of a modified live, canine origin parvovirus vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In a pathogenicity test, dogs inoculated orally with 10 times the label DOSE remained clinically normal
- A total of 1,796 DOSEs of the multivalent preparation was administered in a field study, with veterinary practitioners reporting 36 local and 5 generalized reactions.
5262. Studies on immunity to Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infections in mice.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Various DOSEs of 3 H pleuropneumoniae strains (serotype 1 and 5) were administered intranasally (IN) to groups of anesthetized Swiss White mice
- The accumulated mortality per group at 5 days after they were inoculated was used to calculate the median lethal DOSE (LD50), which ranged between 1.4 x 10(6) and 5.4 x 10(7) bacteria
- There was correlation between DOSE administered, incubation period of the disease, and mortality
- However, vaccination was not efficacious in mice given a challenge DOSE greater than 1.2 LD50
5263. Influence of maternal antibody on efficacy of embryo vaccination with cell-associated and cell-free Marek's disease vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, 50%-protective-DOSE (PD50) assays revealed that maternal antibodies in embryos reduced vaccine efficacy
5264. A comparison of saponin with other adjuvants for the potentiation of protective immunity by a killed Plasmodium yoelii vaccine in the mouse.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- By adjusting the DOSE of antigen, the number of immunizations and the number of living parasites in the challenge infection, conditions were defined where antigen alone was non-protective but 100% protection was obtained by the addition of saponin
5265. The prevention of hepatitis B with vaccine. Report of the centers for disease control multi-center efficacy trial among homosexual men.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two DOSEs of vaccine induced antibody in 80% of vaccine recipients
- A booster DOSE 6 months after the first DOSE induced antibody in 85% of recipients and markedly increased the proportion of recipients who produced high antibody titers
- Between month 3 and 15 after the first DOSE, 56 more significant HBV events (hepatitis, or hepatitis B surface antigen positive, or both) occurred in the placebo group while only 11 occurred in the vaccine group
5266. Safety and efficacy of live and inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Following intranasal challenge four months after the first DOSE of vaccine, all live virus vaccinates remained systemically healthy
5267. Pathogenesis of Lassa virus infection in guinea pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In contrast, no more than 30% of the Hartley guinea pigs died regardless of the virus DOSE
5268. Vaccination studies of aspergillosis in turkeys: subcutaneous inoculation with several vaccine preparations followed by aerosol challenge exposure.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In experiment 1, 38% of the poults were protected when vaccinated with an A fumigatus germling vaccine (IV) and challenge exposed with a DOSE of aerosolized A fumigatus spores that killed 100% of the nonvaccinated controls
5269. Active specific immunotherapy of established micrometastases with BCG plus tumor cell vaccines: effective treatment of BCG side effects with isoniazid.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Intradermal vaccinations with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and viable but nontumorigenic syngeneic hepatocarcinoma cell vaccines were used successfully to treat micrometastatic disease experimentally induced in inbred guinea pigs at 100 times the minimal lethal DOSE
5270. Efficacy of a nonviable culture-derived Babesia bovis vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All vaccinated cattle and premunized cattle along with 3 nonvaccinated adult cattle and 8 nonvaccinated yearling heifers were challenge exposed 4 weeks after the 2nd vaccine DOSE by IM inoculation of an estimated 1 x 10(8) virulent B bovis organisms
5271. Pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization of children with sickle cell disease. II. Serologic response and pneumococcal disease following immunization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One-hundred seventy-four children with sickle cell disease (SCD) were immunized with a single DOSE of tetradecavalent pneumococcal vaccine
- Only modest vaccine efficacy may be expected among children with SCD who receive a single DOSE of pneumococcal vaccine.
5272. Meningococcal disease and its control with meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Factors contributing to this judgement include the irregularity of epidemics, the changing serogroups of meningococci, the different age distribution of cases in different areas, low efficacy of a single DOSE of meningococcal vaccine in children below 2 years of age, short duration of post-immunization immunity in infants and young children, and finally, the still high cost of current meningococcal vaccines.The meningococcal vaccines can be effective, however, in controlling epidemics due to meningococci of serogroups A or C provided they are quickly administered to the age groups within the population who are most at risk.
5273. Reactogenicity, immunogenicity and efficacy studies of Escherichia coli type 1 somatic pili parenteral vaccine in man.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All vaccinees developed significant rises in circulating IgG antibody to type 1 somatic pili, the magnitude of the response being directly proportioned to the vaccine DOSE
5274. Antibody response to an inactivated vaccine for rhinotracheitis, caliciviral disease, and panleukopenia in nondomestic felids.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine was given IM at the standard domestic cat DOSE in 19 animals and double this DOSE in 8 others
- There was no significant increase of SN antibody titers by doubling the vaccine DOSE or by administering a 3rd vaccination
- The optimal response could be obtained by using the domestic cat vaccination protocol of a single DOSE given twice, 4 weeks apart
- Enhanced persistence of titer could not be demonstrated by doubling the DOSE or administering a 3rd vaccination.
5275. Antigen-induced bronchial anaphylaxis in actively sensitized SD rats. Effects of immunization and provocation doses of antigen and of pretreatment with DSCG, theophylline, terbutaline and a new anti-allergic xanthine derivative, D4026.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The degree of bronchial reactivity was found to depend on both the challenge DOSE and the immunization DOSE of antigen; therefore the course of the capacity to respond was recorded as a function of these variables
- The efficacy of each agent was found to depend on the DOSE of antigen used for sensitization and for provocation of the bronchial reaction rather than on the strength of the response
5276. [Hepatitis B vaccine trial in healthy adults - an immunogenicity study (author's transl)].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group I received 3 DOSEs of vaccine (20 micrograms per DOSE) at 0, 1 and 6 months, group II received in addition with the first DOSE of vaccine 3 ml of HBIG and group III received HBIG together with the first and the second DOSEs of vaccine
5277. [Maintenance chemotherapy and inmunotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (author's transl)].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Every three months, two-week "reinductions" with vincristine and prednisolone plus one DOSE of i.t
- c) Early therapy on CNS, according to two patterns: one group received one DOSE of i.t
- MTX after induction, repeated every 3 months; the other group was given cranial irradiation [2,400 r] plus 5 DOSEs of i.t
5278. Experimental ulcerative herpetic keratitis. IV. Preliminary observations on the efficacy of a herpes simplex subunit vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5279. Influenza B virus vaccines in children and adults: adverse reactions, immune response, and observations in the field.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One DOSE of 500 chick cell-agglutinating units of subvirion influenza B vaccine gave negligible adverse reactions in schoolchildren and young adults, whereas whole-virus vaccine caused systemic reactions
5280. [Immunization of cattle against Aujeszky's disease with inactivated adjuvant vaccine].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine application at DOSEs of 1 ml and 2 ml to lambs at the age of eight to ten months caused the neutralizing antibody production with a significant rise of titres after revaccination
- A survival of infection induced with a DOSE of 10(5.5) TKID50 of virulent virus was recorded in 62.5% of once vaccinated animals and in 87.5% of twice vaccinated animals
- When applying different DOSEs of vaccines (from 1 to 10 ml) to young cattle, the antibody reaction level was directly dependent on the inoculum quantity
5281. Efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in preventing acute otitis media in infants in Huntsville, Alabama.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccine (0.5 ml) was administered subcutaneously; a DOSE contained 25 micrograms of each serotype
5282. Hepatitis B in haemodialysis: vaccination against HBS antigen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Institut Pasteur Production vaccine, prepared from plasma of chronic carriers of HBsAg (ad + ay sub-types) negative for HBeAg, inactivated by formaldehyde, containing 5 microgram HBsAg per 1ml DOSE, with Al (OH)3 as adjuvant, was tested in a multicentric efficacy trial
- They received randomly, double-blind, 3 subcutaneous DOSEs of either vaccine (V) or placebo (P) at one-month intervals and were followed monthly for one year
5283. Hepatitis B vaccine: immune responses in haemodialysis patients.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) developed within six months in 80% of haemodialysis patients given either two or three 40 micrograms DOSEs of hepatitis B vaccine
- A total of 89% had anti-HBs after a booster DOSE given six months later
- Anti-HBs titres were higher in patients who received three initial DOSEs than in those who received only two DOSEs, but the proportion of anti-HBs-positive patients was the same in the two groups
5284. [Efficacy of Vaccination Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The immunization schedule was to DOSEs given 1 to 3 months apart and a third DOSE injected 9 to 12 months later
- Persons who had become seronegative still responded positively to a booster DOSE of vaccine
- In a large number of persons it was evident that the intervals between injection of the single DOSEs of vaccine can be extended considerably without jeopardizing the success of vaccination
5285. The antitumour activity of maltose tetrapalmitate compared with other immunoadjuvants, and its effectiveness after tumour surgery.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5286. [An oral enteritis-vaccine composed of twelve heat inactivated Enterobacteriaceae. 2. Communication: the immunogenicity after treatment with simulated gastric and intestinal juice proved in an active mouse protection test (author's transl)].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The mice were orally immunized with the aid of a probang for ten times (total DOSE = 3.75 x 10(10) germs) and intraperitoneally infected with the virulent enteropathogenic strain of E
5287. Hepatitis B vaccine: demonstration of efficacy in a controlled clinical trial in a high-risk population in the United States.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- This rate increased to 96% after the booster DOSE and remained essentially unchanged for the duration of the trial
5288. A study of acute respiratory disease in the community of Port Chalmers. III. Efficacy of influenza virus subunit vaccines in 1973, 1974 and 1975.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In 1974 all 60 subjects received a second DOSE of vaccine which was shown to have little effect on the distribution of HI antibody titres
5289. Immunotherapeutic effectiveness of BCG inactivated by various modalities.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One limitation is that although the effect is DOSE-related, high-DOSE administration increases the risk of BCG toxicity, possibly the result of disseminated BCG infection
- The INH treatment of tumor-bearing rats did not alter the benefits of single or repeated injections of high-DOSE viable BCG, irradiated BCG, or C parvum
5290. Colonization of mouse placentas by Brucella abortus inoculated during pregnancy.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Whatever means of expression was chosen, placental colonization increased with the DOSE of challenge in parallel with splenic infection in the mouse
- The challenge DOSEs required at Day 7 to infect 50% of the placentas differed according to the route (i.p
5291. Tumor-immunotherapeutic efficacy of Serratia marcescens polyribosomes.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Suppression of tumor appearance depended upon the tumor load at the time of treatment, DOSE of polyribosomes, and species source of polyribosomes, with Serratia marcescens being superior to Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium bovis (Pasteur), Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Propionibacterium acnes (formerly Corynebacterium parvum)
5292. Influenza vaccination in kidney transplant recipients: cellular and humoral immune responses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The patients, nine of whom were either on alternate-day or low-DOSE daily steroid therapy, showed highly significant serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibody responses to each influenza virus strain, There was no significant change in mean lymphocyte stimulation index to any influenza virus strain after vaccination in either group
- There was no correlation in the patient group between hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer or response, or lymphocyte stimulation index or response, and the degree of allograft function or DOSE or duration of immunosuppressive therapy
5293. [Comparison between killed subunit influenza vaccines and whole virion preparations: study of reactions and protective efficacy in children and adults].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children and adolescent received two DOSEs with an interval of 4 weeks, adults one DOSE only
- titers) of sub-unit vaccines, even after a single DOSE, turned out to be good and equal to that of the whole-virus preparation in primed subjects
- In unprimed individuals, as it is shown by the data relative to the A/USSR/90/77 strain in sero-negative children, a two DOSE regimen is required
- The increase from 1 ml (1 DOSE) to 1.6 ml the amount of vaccine, as experimented in adults with one sub-unit preparation, was not followed by an increase in reactogenicity
- The larger DOSE did not influence the antibody response of primed subjects
5294. [Prevention of neonatal tetanus by active immunization of pregnant women in Brazzaville. Practical evalation and a comparison of single-dose and triple-dose vaccinations].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The first approach of the practical evaluation by serological methods shows that these women are well immunized after three months, in the childbirth, by the single DOSE of tetanus toxoid (30Lf) (98%) and by the three DOSEs of tetanus toxoid (87,27%)
5295. A controlled field trial of an aluminum phosphate-adsorbed cholera vaccine in Calcutta.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A controlled field trial to determine the efficacy of a single DOSE of an aluminium phosphate-adsorbed cholera vaccine was conducted in Calcutta during 1975-77
5296. Fish biologics: vaccine standards for sport fisheries and commercial aquaculture.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5297. Prepubertal vaccination of mice against experimental infection of the genital tract with type 2 herpes simplex virus.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccination conferred better protection than previous type 2 genital infection; this may be a consequence of a higher antigenic DOSE, more acceptable antigenic presentation or to a perversion of the immune response in a latently infected animal to homologous virus challenge.
5298. Laboratory and field trials on a formalin inactivated vaccine for the control of Pasteurella anatipestifer septicaemia in ducks.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A satisfactory DOSE of vaccine was found to be approximately 3 x 109 cells administered intramuscularly
5299. Evaluation of a killed Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccine in cynomolgus monkeys.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Monkeys were immunized with varying dilutions of the vaccine with a two-DOSE schedule and then challenged at 2 months with virulent Rickettsia rickettsii by the subcutaneous route or by aerosol
- The undiluted vaccine totally protected monkeys against both challenges, even at extremely high DOSEs.
5300. [Improvement in the primary immunization scheme for children against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine reactions were somewhat more incident in children vaccinated according to the AKDC-AKDC-K -- 1 ml scheme, but their essential reduction was reached with reduction of the pertussis antigen third vaccination DOSE to 0.5 ml.
5301. [Development of immunity to the poliomyelitis virus in infants with various methods of administering a live poliomyelitis vaccine].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Administration of the next vaccine DOSE 6 weeks after the previous one stops multiplication of the dominating type of vaccine virus and prevents its long-term passage in the intestinal tract decreasing the probability of emergence of vaccine virus variants with increased pathogenicity.
5302. Differential effect of maternal antibodies on efficacy of cellular and cell-free Marek's disease vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The protective efficacy of cell-free and cell-associated turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccines against Marek's disease (MD) was determined by a quantitative protective DOSE 50% (PD(50)) assay in susceptible chicks from HVT-vaccinated, MD-exposed dams or from genetically comparable, isolation-reared, specific pathogen free dams
- The apparent requirement in antibody-positive chicks for greater DOSEs of cell-free than of cell-associated vaccine to give 50% protection may be of practical importance in establishing the optimum number of PFU in a field DOSE.
5303. [Preventive and therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine against trychophytosis in cattle].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In healthy calves without clinical signs of trichophytosis vaccinated at an age of one to three months with a DOSE of 2.5 to 5.0 ml, applied intramuscularly, and revaccinated with due respect to the rules of hygiene in the calf-houses, an incidence of 0 to 13% in the three- to five-month period of study was observed
5304. A clinical trial with Alice/R-75 strain, live attenuated serum inhibitor-resistant intranasal bivalent influenza A/B vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- With double blind control 88 adult volunteers were administered 2 DOSEs of Alice/R-75 vaccine, 93 volunteers received one DOSE of Alice/R-75 vaccine and one DOSE placebo solution and 94 subjects were administered 2 DOSEs of placebo solution
- For comparison, data from 21 subjects who received monovalent intranasal R-75 strain influenza B in two DOSEs is included
- Four-fold serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody titer rises to A/England/42/72 occurred in 39% of the monovalent Alice strain vaccines; in contrast 18% of those given 2 DOSEs of bivalent Alice/R-75 vaccine and 11% of those given 1 DOSE of bivalent vaccine had similar four-fold HAI antibody titer rises
- HAI antibody titer rises to influenza B/Hong Kong/72 occurred in 38% of R-75 strain monovalent vaccinees, 14% of Alice/R-75 2-DOSE vaccinees and 11% of Alice/R-75 one DOSE vaccinees
5305. Induction of cell-mediated immunity to Mycobacterium leprae in guinea pigs.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- (iv) The minimum DOSE required for sensitization with M
5306. Safety and efficacy of living BCG or BCG cell walls (CW) in the treatment of guinea pig hepatoma.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Guinea pigs with established intradermal tumors and microscopic lymph node metastases were treated by intralesional injection of graded DOSEs of living BCG or BCG CW
- The lowest DOSE of living BCG used produced a significant cure rate and no grossly evident toxicity
- An intermediate and the highest DOSE of living BCG used cured some animals but others lost weight and a significant number died as a result of the treatment
- None of the DOSEs of BCG CW used was toxic and they were at least as effective as living BCG in intralesional treatment
5307. Corynebacterium parvum as an adjuvant for Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote vaccines: a comparison with saponin and Bordetella pertussis.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- parvum to a low DOSE of T
- parvum to larger DOSEs of T
- cruzi vaccines needs to be assessed on 3 parameters: (1) the DOSE of antigen, (2) the DOSE of adjuvant and (3) the time interval between immunization and challenge.
5308. BCG vaccination of neonates, infants, schoolchildren and adolescents. Part I: Dose finding studies with BCG strain 1331 Copenhagen.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- A BCG vaccine prepared from strain 1331 Copenhagen was given to newborns and infants in four logarithmically decreasing DOSEs (expressed in VU = viable units): 25 X 10(4), 11 X 10(4), 5 X 10 (4), and 2.2 X 10(4)
- The results indicated that the conversion rate is a function of the DOSE of VU of the vaccine, as well as of the units of tuberculin used for testing.
5309. [Cytomorphologic and other indices of immunogenesis in guinea pigs vaccinated with different doses of EB culture].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- There was shown an association between the results of nonspecific immunity development, the character of cell differentiations, the specific immunity intensity, and the microbial DOSE at the immediate postvaccination periods; retention of immunological memory at the late postvaccination periods was demonstrated
- With increase of the DOSE differentiation of the erythroid cell series was disturbed and the macrophage activity decreased
5310. Immunization against poliomyelitis: risk/benefit/cost in a changing context.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5311. [Human diploid cell (HDC) rabies vaccine immunoprophylaxis in persons at risk (author's transl)].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In 9 persons in whom the basic immunisation was completed more than two years previously a booster DOSE was given
5312. Trial of high-titre human rubella immunoglobulin.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- 92) median tissue culture DOSE, Wistar RA27/3 subcutaneously) eight of the 20 volunteers failed to show seroconversion
5313. [Quantitative assessment of EB strain cell death in an aerosol and following rehydration].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The method can be used to calculate the aspiration DOSE in aerogenic vaccination and also to assess the efficacy of lyophilized bacteria restoration.
5314. [Efficacy of the per os immunization and reimmunization of man with staphylococcal anatoxin].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The tablets were intended for application through the oral mucosa (oral) or the intestinal tract (enteral); the immunological response depended on the DOSE of the preparation and the scheme of administration
5315. Large scale purification of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- One DOSE of vaccine (1 ml) has a titre in HBsAg of 1/4 in countercurrent electrophoresis and a protein amount of 2-10 micron/ml
5316. Autologous bone marrow grafts in dogs treated with lethal doses of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Hematological and immunosuppressive effects of various single DOSEs of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) were evaluated in the preclinical canine model
- We conclude that autologous bone marrow support may allow the use of high-DOSE CCNU regimens and thereby increase its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of advanced cancer.
5317. Influenza virus immunization. Antibody response and adverse effects in children with renal disease.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Before and four weeks after immunization with a single 0.5-ml DOSE of influenza virus vaccine, sera from 36 children with renal diseases were tested for serum hemagglutinating-inhibiting antibody (HAI) titers to A/New Jersey/76, A/Victoria/75, and A/Port Chalmers/73
- None required an increased prednisone DOSE for exacerbation of nephrotic syndrome
5318. Efficacy of trivalent inactivated encephalomyelitis virus vaccine in horses.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Horses had rising levels of plaque-neutralizing and hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibodies shortly after injection with the 1st and 2nd DOSEs of the vaccine (given 3 weeks apart) and were refractory to challenge of immunity with virulent homologous virus at 3, 8, and 12 months after vaccination
- After 12 months, 8 horses were revaccinated; maximum antigenic stimulation was achieved with the 1st DOSE of the 2nd series of vaccinations.
5319. Efficacy of attenuated Anaplasma marginale vaccine under laboratory and field conditions in Colombia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Four-month-old Holstein-Friesian calves were inoculated with 3 different DOSEs (1, 2, and 3 ml) of attenuated Anaplasma marginale vaccine
- The volume of the vaccinal DOSE did not alter the degree of protection provided
5320. Comparative efficacy and toxicity of a ribosomal vaccine, acetone-killed cells, lipopolysaccharide, and a live cell vaccine prepared from Salmonella typhhimurium.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Tests of graded immunizing DOSEs of each vaccine against several challenge DOSEs of live strain W118-2 showed that, although the protection given by ribosomes approached the levels of protection conferred by living organisms, acetone-killed cells administered in appropriate dosages provided levels of protection comparable to that of ribosomes
- On a dry-weight basis, ribosomes were the least toxic with a 50% toxic DOSE (TD50) of 5,000 microgram; acetone-killed cells had an intermediate TD50 of 1,400 microgram; and lipolysaccharide was the most toxic, with a TD50 of 320 microgram
- The DOSE of each vaccine that protected 50% of the mice against a challenge of 1,00 times the 50% lethal DOSE was determined and divided by the TD50 to give the therapeutic index
5321. [Results of preventive rabies vaccination with a concentrated vaccine of the PM/WI38-1503-3M rabies strain cultured on human diploid cells. Preparation of mixed antirabies-antitetanus hyperimmune immunoglobulin by plasmapheresis of blood taken from vaccinated veterinary students].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- However, a booster DOSE should be given 6 to 12 months after the first injection, and a further booster 3 to 5 years later or on request in case of known contamination
5322. [Reactogenicity and immunological effectiveness study of a complex paratyphoid B antigen].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The antigen gave no untoward reactions and proved to be safe when given orally in DOSEs of 25 to 150 mg
5323. Clinical trials of bivalent A/New Jersey/76-A/Victoria/75 influenza vaccines in high-risk children.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Various DOSEs of two whole-virus and one split-product bivalent influenza A/New Jersey/76-A/Victoria/75 vaccines were administered to 253 children aged six to 18 years
- The whole-virus vaccines were associated with unacceptably high rates of reaction when given in sufficiently antigenic initial DOSEs but were relatively nonreactive when used for booster immunization
- All vaccine preparations induced adequate seroconversion rates and protective titers of antibody to A/Victoria virus after one DOSE and to A/New Jersey virus after two DOSEs.
5324. Mouse potency assay for Bordetella bronchiseptica bacterins.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- RSB-A and bacterins B, C, and D provided average mouse survivals of 94, 88, 49, and 32%, respectively when the mice were given 1/10,000 of a recommended swine-immunizing DOSE, whereas an average of 88% of the unvaccinated mice died.
5325. [Experimental investigations on the immunity development in irradiated mice after local and parenteral immunization with tetanus-toxoid (author's transl)].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- the irradiation DOSE, 2
- the vaccination DOSE.
5326. Protective efficacy of an inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Vaccine, administered in a 1-ml DOSE by a jet-injection device, was glass-grown and contained 264 microgram of protein nitrogen/ml
5327. Isolation and study of the anthrax protective antigen. IV. The harmlessness, reactogeneity and efficacy of a concentrated, purified sorbed, chemical anthrax vaccine.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
5328. Relevance of the immunoprecipitation assay to human immunogenicity of influenza vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- All vaccines contained 350 CCA units/DOSE each of the A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2) and A/Scotland/840/74 (H3N2) viruses plus 550 CCA units/DOSE of B/HK/5/72 virus
5329. BCG-immunotherapy of L2C guinea pig leukemia.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- In different experiments 46 guinea pigs of inbred strain 2 were inoculated intradermally with a lethal DOSE of about 10(5) gelatine purified L2C leukocytes per animal in mixture with 10(7) colony forming units (CFU) of BCG Copenhagen 1331
5330. Comparative studies on the significance of in vitro data of BCG vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- With respect to colony-forming units from different products, widely varying DOSEs must be applied to gain comparable effects
- Similar effects can be expected from the human DOSE, recommended for each particular product
5331. Immunostimulation or immunodepression?
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Our experimental studies and extensive literature survey established that the overall response of an experimentally modified host defense system is strongly DOSE-dependent, irrespective of either the modifying agent or the test model system
- If a sufficiently broad DOSE range is used, an irregular, nonlinear, nonmonotonic response curve is formed, generally W- or M-shaped, depending on the parameters selected for the representation, with two peaks of relative maximal effect
- Accordingly, a modifying agent may exhibit, in some cases, dual effect--stimulation and depression, each at different DOSE levels
- The described DOSE-response relationship mandates the use of multiple DOSEs in evaluation experiments, to establish efficacy and especially to design optimal DOSE schedules for experimental and clinical application of any agent modifying the host defense system activity.
5332. Field trial of live attenuated influenza A/B ("Alice"/R-75) vaccine.
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Harvard PubMed
- Two inocula given 14 days apart consisted of vaccine in two DOSEs (VV); one DOSE of vaccine followed by placebo (VP); or two DOSEs of placebo (PP)
- There was no difference in protection afforded either by one or two DOSEs of the vaccine
- Thus the overall protection efficacy following at least one DOSE of the vaccine was 80.0% (p = .01), and in the low A group subjects it was 85.5% (p = .01).
5333. Enhancement of antileukemic effect in combination of 5-fluorouracil and OK-432.
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Harvard PubMed
- This therapeutic synergism was to some extent dependent on the DOSE level of 5-FU and was not produced against the 5-FU-resistant L1210 subline
5334. Field trial of an inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine. I. Vaccine efficacy.
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Harvard PubMed
- Vaccine was administered to half for the volunteers in a 1-ml DOSE by a jet-injection device, and phosphate-buffered saline was administered similarly to control subjects
5335. [A study of immunological efficacy of the oral chemical cholera vaccine on experimental animals].
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Harvard PubMed
- The immunizing DOSE of the preparations in intraintestinal administration exceeded the DOSE required for subcutaneous application
5336. Comparative efficacy of neuraminidase-specific and conventional influenza virus vaccines in induction of antibody to neuraminidase in humans.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The vaccines contained 798 and 643 chick cell-agglutinating units per DOSE, respectively, and equivalent immunogenic units of N2 as defined in antigenic extinction tests in rabbits
5337. [Characteristics of the basic parameters of killed influenza vaccine purified and concentrated on sodium borsilicate glass].
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Harvard PubMed
- In single subcutaneous injection in a DOSE of 0.5 ml (5120 hemagglutinating units) of the vaccine it was characterized by a moderate reactogenicity, marked antigenicity and prophylactic, efficacy.
5338. Safety and efficacy of "Alice" influenza virus vaccine in normal healthy adults.
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Harvard PubMed
- A second DOSE of vaccine did not increase the frequency or the magnitude of the serum antibody response
5339. Attenuated, streptomycin-dependent Salmonella typhi oral vaccine: potential deleterious effects of lyophilization.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Five to eight DOSEs (3 x 10(10)-10(11) organisms/DOSE) were given; oral streptomycin (1.0 g) was administered concomitantly in studies 2 and 3, with only two of the DOSEs of vaccine in study 1, and was not given in study 4
5340. Development and chimpanzee testing of a vaccine against human hepatitis B.
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Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine was highly potent, inducing antibody in guinea pigs, grivet monkeys, and chimpanzees given three DOSEs of vaccine containing up to 20 mug of hepatitis B antigen per DOSE
- A protective efficacy trial was carried out in chimpanzees that were given three DOSEs of vaccine subcutaneously and then challenged intravenously with 1000 chimpanzee infectious DOSEs of human hepatitis B virus
5341. Efficacy studies on Haemophilus gallinarum bacterin preparations.
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Harvard PubMed
- One DOSE of thimerosal-inactivated bacterin was protective against homologous challenge, but 2 DOSEs of formalin-inactivated bacterin were required
- A bivalent bacterin protected chickens well against 1 strain, but not the other, at the 1-DOSE level.
5342. Oral immunization against tetanus.
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Harvard PubMed
- In comparison, a single subcutaneous DOSE of 2 Lf tetanus toxoid resulted in an efficiency index of 100 and a single intranasal immunization with 100 Lf in an efficiency index of 93
- Antitoxin titers after one oral vaccination (200 Lf) were similar to the ones after one subcutaneous DOSE (2 Lf)
5343. [Immunogenic properties of brucella protective antigen upon revaccination].
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Harvard PubMed
- Revaccination 12 months after the immunization of guinea pigs with an antigen in a DOSE equal to the primary immunization DOSE (0.6 mg) reproduced the protection from the infection with a virulent Br
5344. Standardization of Escherichia coli oral vaccines.
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Harvard PubMed
- Therefore in fundamental assay of the vaccines, the DOSE-response, the length of the administration of the immunizing agents, and their dosage had to be investigated before and after challenge with homologous and heterologous E
5345. [Anti-foot-and-mouth vaccines combined with other bacterial or viral vaccines].
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Harvard PubMed
- The work which has been carried out for the last ten years, including the study of adjuvants as well as of incompatibility of associations, has permitted the improvement of formulas, reduced in volume (5 ml for a plurivalent DOSE), in aqueous excipient (aluminum hydroxide and saponin) or oily excipient (oil in water type)
5346. Intranasal vaccination of cattle against IBR and PI3: field and laboratory observations in dairy, beef, and neonatal calf populations.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The minimal immunogenic DOSE is evaluated, as well as the secretory antibody response and the development of interferon
5347. Studies on vaccination against infectious laryngotracheitis by the drinking water.
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Harvard PubMed
- Four groups of 7-week-old chickens were vaccinated as follows: a) ocularly with the normal DOSE, b)by instillation per os, c) by the drinking water with one DOSE, d) by the same route with ten DOSEs; a fifth group was left as negative control
5348. Live attenuated influenza virus vaccine trial in children.
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Harvard PubMed
- All but one of the 31 children with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers less than 64 before inoculation responded with at least a four-fold rise in antibody titer to a single DOSE of vaccine
- One child required two DOSEs
5349. Efficacy of inactivated tissue culture rabies vaccine in dogs.
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Harvard PubMed
- When used at full strength, the vaccine protected 70% of dogs after either a 1- or 2-DOSE vaccination schedule
- When vaccine was diluted to contain less antigenic mass, the 1-DOSE schedule was not as effective as 2 DOSEs
5350. Efficacy of intralesional BCG therapy in guinea pigs with disseminated tumor.
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Harvard PubMed
- During BCG-mediated regression of established intradermal tumor, the developing tumor-specific immunity inhibited the growth of artificially induced vascular metastases in animals receiving a 10(4) or 10(5) tumor cell DOSE
5351. [Dynamics of the antismallpox antibodies detectable in the passive hemagglutination reaction with various animal immunization schemes].
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Harvard PubMed
- Dynamics of accumulation and preservation of antibodies detectable in the PHAT (PHAT-AT) was studied on rabbits and guinea pigs with the use of various DOSEs of the living inactivated virus and their combination in comparison with the virus-neutralizing antibodies, antihemagglutinins and precipitins
- At the same time the percentage of seroconversions determined by PHAT was equal to 100 and the PHAT-AT level directly depended on the immunizing DOSE, the time of administration and the type of the antigen
5352. [Immuno-prevention of coli infections in swine using live vaccine. 1. Use in coli infections during the 1st days of life].
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Harvard PubMed
- coli was well tolerated in various DOSEs and at various times of administration, for there were no adverse reactions
- Because of the dilution effect of the mixing tank and water supply pipes, the DOSE of vaccine, given on ten successive days, should be calculated at 10(9) organisms of the E
5353. Early and enhanced antioxin responses elicited with complexes of tetanus toxoid and specific mouse and human antibodies.
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Harvard PubMed
- Antibody production after stimulation with complexed toxoid was also enhanced in mice irradiated with 400 rad, a DOSE that ordinarily completely suppresses primary responses with fluid toxoid alone
5354. Biologically active components from mycobacterial cell walls. III. Production of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea-pigs.
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Harvard PubMed
- BCG (Bacillus-Calmette-Buérin) cell walls were effective in producing EAE in all animals at DOSE levels as low as 40 mug
- Study of subfractions of these cell walls revealed the following: (1) wax D was active, but required larger DOSEs than BCG cell walls; (2) the chloroform-methanol-soluble (CMS) portion of wax D and P3 (a mycolic acid-trehalose ester contained therein) were inactive; (3) the chloroform-methanol-insoluble (CMI) portion of wax D was active; (4) exhaustively delipidated cell wass skeletons of BCG, Nocardia asteroides, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and M
5355. Efficacy of Marek's disease vaccines: protection and viraemia studies with turkey herpes virus vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Two freeze dried turkey herpes virus vaccines A and C, of similar virus content were administered in graded DOSEs to groups of day old chicks which were genetically susceptible to Marek's disease
- From the relationship between protection and vaccine DOSE that was obtained with vaccine C it was calculated that 0.48 of a field DOSE protected 50% of the birds
- Vaccine A provided no significant protection at any DOSE level
- Isolation of vaccinal virus 3 weeks after administration of graded DOSEs of vaccines A and B revealed that a significantly higher DOSE of vaccine A was required to produce viraemia in vaccinated birds
- Determination of viraemia at intervals following inoculation of one field DOSE of the vaccines demonstrated that Vaccine A also induced a less rapid response than the other 2 vaccines
5356. [Immunological efficacy of smallpox vaccination in children with relative contraindications to vaccination].
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- Children (aged from 3 to 9 years) vaccinated against smallpox by multiple puncture (3 punctures by bifurcation needle), by a single cut and with vaccine diluted with a double DOSE of the solvent were observed
5357. An attenuated influenza virus vaccine: reactogenicity, transmissibility, immunogenicity and protective efficacy.
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Harvard PubMed
- The vaccine (containing 10-7 50 percent egg infectious DOSEs) and placebo was administered in a double-blind fashion to 37 volunteers in 2 DOSEs 2-3 weeks apart
- There was no evidence of vaccine virus having been transmitted from a vaccinee to a control individual.A 4-fold or greater rise in serum antibody was noted in 13/19 vaccinees following either the 1st or 2nd DOSE
5358. Experimental study of the role of inactivated vaccine in two-step vaccination against smallpox.
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Harvard PubMed
- The DOSE of inactivated vaccine corresponded to 8 x 10(7) PFU before inactivation (by (60)Co gamma-radiation); the DOSE of live vaccine was 1.2 x 10(5) PFU
5359. Pathogenicity and immunogenic efficacy of a live attentuated plaque vaccine in vervet monkeys.
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Harvard PubMed
- This vaccine did not cause deaths in 50 guinea pigs even in DOSEs up to 100 million viable bacilli inoculated subcutaneously
- The level of immunity in monkeys did not appear to be related to the DOSE of vaccine.
5360. [The influence of chemical immunosuppression on the protective efficacy of vaccinations (author's transl)].
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Harvard PubMed
5361. Efficacy of pertussis vaccines: a brighter horizon.
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Harvard PubMed
- A booster DOSE of the earlier vaccines did not prevent infection with type 1,3 organisms, but we obtained a positive culture from only one child who had received four DOSEs of recent vaccine.Simultaneous infection of a child with two or more serotypes was frequently seen
5362. Influence of mouse strain on the assayed potency (unitage) of tetanus toxoid.
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Harvard PubMed
- C3H mice failed to respond to the DOSE range of the toxoids employed with the other four strains
5363. Report of the 1966-67 cholera vaccine trial in rural East Pakistan.
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Harvard PubMed
- The results indicate that there was increasing protection with reimmunization, reaching a maximum with 3 DOSEs
- One DOSE produced 43% protection, 2 DOSEs 64%, 3 DOSEs 81%, and 4 DOSEs 76%
5364. Criteria for measuring the efficacy of trachoma vaccines in baboons.
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Harvard PubMed
- Analysis of many such scores indicated that after a large challenge DOSE of strain MRC-4s, the scores for signs of inflammation reached their maximum earlier than the follicle score; the inflammation score was closely related to the number of inclusions, whereas the follicle score was not
5365. Single-dose monovalent A 2 -Hong Kong influenza vaccine. Efficacy 14 months after immunization.
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Harvard PubMed
5366. Cross-protection in hamsters immunized with group A arbovirus vaccines.
PubMed -
Harvard PubMed
- The most rapid and simple immunization scheme eliciting excellent homologous protection consisted of a single DOSE of combined attenuated VEE and inactivated WEE and EEE vaccines
5367. Immunogenicity of plague vaccines in mice and guinea pigs.
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Harvard PubMed
- The median effective DOSEs (ED(50)) of 28 lots of killed Pasteurella pestis strain 195/P vaccine were determined in mice and guinea pigs
- The number of organisms in the challenge DOSE did not significantly affect the ED(50) of a vaccine in guinea pigs
5368. Simultaneous immunization with B.C.G., diphtheria-tetanus, and oral poliomyelitis vaccines in children aged 13-14.
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Harvard PubMed
- vaccines only is recommended at present.An "adult type" diphtheria-tetanus toxoid might overcome the problem of reactions, though in two to three years' time most children aged 13-14 years will have received diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine in infancy and reinforcement might then be accomplished by a small intradermal DOSE of the currently available fluid diphtheria-tetanus vaccine.Continued serological studies of diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins and polio antibody are necessary to determine the future need for reinforcement of immunity; such studies should become an essential part of the surveillance of the community immunization programme.
5369. Immunity to aerosol challenge in guinea pigs immunized with gamma-irradiated Venezuelan equine encephalitis vaccines.
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Harvard PubMed
- The 50% effective DOSE values of vaccines ranged from <0.0016 to 0.0051 ml for respiratory challenge and from <0.00074 to 0.0011 ml for intraperitoneal challenge
5370. Live attenuated rubella vaccine (Cendehill strain) in school children.
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Harvard PubMed
- (full recommended DOSE) or 0.25 ml
- Thirty-eight controls remained serologically negative during the study.The good response to half-DOSEs of Cendehill vaccine is not significant because there were >3000 TCID(50) in a full DOSE (three times the DOSE recommended)
5371. The influence of aluminium hydroxide content, dose volume and the inclusion of saponin on the efficacy of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines.
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Harvard PubMed
5372. Haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody response to and efficacy of inactivated Hong Kong influenza vaccine.
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Harvard PubMed
- In a field study involving some 3000 soldiers in Japan, various DOSEs from 0.2 ml to 1.0 ml of formol-killed monovalent Hong Kong influenza vaccine were administered
- Before vaccination 92% of the subjects had haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titres of <1:16; one month after vaccination, only from 1% to 57% (depending on the DOSE and the soldiers' camp involved) had so low an antibody level
5373. An evaluation of influenza immunization: influence of route of administration and vaccine strain.
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Harvard PubMed
- Further objectives of the study included a comparison of the effectiveness of single-DOSE and 2-DOSE immunization
- The results showed that aerosol administration gave a lower over-all protection rate, although the booster DOSE seemed to have a marked effect
5374. Controlled field trial of the effectiveness of cholera and cholera El Tor vaccines in Calcutta.
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Harvard PubMed
- The 210 112 volunteers were vaccinated subcutaneously with a single DOSE of one of the vaccines.In the 1964 trial, the number of bacteriologically confirmed cases was not enough to show statistically significant differences in incidence between the 5 vaccine groups and the control group
5375. Preparation and laboratory tests of oil-adjuvant cholera vaccine.
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Harvard PubMed
- In a search for cholera vaccines of improved efficacy, agar-grown strains of classical Vibrio cholerae were killed with formol and emulsified with Arlacel A in mineral oil; the final vibrio concentration was adjusted to 2 x 10(9) vibrios per adult DOSE (equal proportions of Inaba and Ogawa types).There was an unexplained discrepancy between determinations of the vibrio content, by cell counting and opacity measurements, and of the antigen content, by nitrogen measurements and the complement-fixation test.The potency of the vaccine, estimated by the mouse-protection test, was about 5 times that of the International Reference Preparations of Cholera Vaccine
5376. IMMUNOGENIC SUBSTANCES IN CULTURE FILTRATES AND LYSATES OF PASTEURELLA TULARENSIS.
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Harvard PubMed
- An unusual "survival phenomenon" was suggested when mice were administered large DOSEs of cell-free vaccines and subsequently large DOSEs of moderately virulent P
- The data indicated that the filtrates and lysates elicited an immune response sufficient to protect against an active infection with strains 425 or 425 F4G, and that the challenge DOSE per se stimulated an enhanced immunity
- Furthermore, this survival phenomenon was demonstrable when immunized mice were subsequently given massive DOSEs of strain 425 and challenged with approximately 1,000 ld(50) of the fully virulent strain Schu
5377. IMMUNIZATION AGAINST BRUCELLA INFECTION. 10. THE RELATIVE IMMUNOGENICITY OF BRUCELLA ABORTUS STRAIN 19-BA AND BRUCELLA MELITENSIS STRAIN REV I IN CYNOMOLGUS PHILIPPINENSIS.
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Harvard PubMed
- Continuing previous studies, the authors investigated the immunogenicity of low DOSEs of Brucella melitensis strain Rev I in Cynomolgus monkeys challenged by the respiratory route and compared the efficacy of Rev I vaccine with that of vaccine from Br
- melitensis strain 6015 indicated that 19-BA vaccine was considerably more effective when administered intracutaneously than subcutaneously, whereas with Rev I vaccine the difference was slight, but Rev I conferred immunity in much lower DOSEs
- It was found that a DOSE as low as 260 cells of Rev I led to a high degree of immunity, although there was a very pronounced delay in the bacteriological response
5378. A controlled field trial of the effectiveness of phenol and alcohol typhoid vaccines: Final report.
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Harvard PubMed
- A reinforcing DOSE was given a year later
5379. An oral poliovirus vaccine trial in Costa Rica.
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Harvard PubMed
- The aims were to determine the effectiveness of vaccination, as measured by the rate of antibody conversions and antibody rises induced by the trivalent Lederle oral vaccine when given in two DOSEs to a population of young children living in a tropical environment; to determine the prevalence of non-poliovirus enteroviruses in this juvenile population and their possible inhibitory effects upon the attenuated poliovirus vaccine strains; and to determine the duration of virus excretion by vaccinees and their young siblings, and the degree of intrafamilial spread of these viruses
- There was some evidence of interference with type 1 vaccine virus by other enteroviruses circulating at the time the first vaccine DOSE was given.
5380. Rabies neutralizing antibody response to different schedules of serum and vaccine inoculations in non-exposed persons. 3.
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Harvard PubMed
- The effectiveness of a booster DOSE in previously sensitized individuals was confirmed with a demonstration that a rise in serum antibody appears between 4 and 8 days after the booster inoculation
5381. Studies on fractions of methanol extracts of tubercle bacilli. I. Fractions which increase resistance to infection.
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Harvard PubMed
- each per DOSE per mouse affords an even greater increase in resistance
- Neither of these substances alone in larger DOSEs can approach this degree of efficacy in mouse protection experiments